EP4368886A2 - Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor - Google Patents

Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4368886A2
EP4368886A2 EP24165699.0A EP24165699A EP4368886A2 EP 4368886 A2 EP4368886 A2 EP 4368886A2 EP 24165699 A EP24165699 A EP 24165699A EP 4368886 A2 EP4368886 A2 EP 4368886A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
light
light detector
ides
wafer
top electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP24165699.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4368886A3 (de
Inventor
Marcin Piech
Peter Harris
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carrier Corp
Original Assignee
Carrier Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carrier Corp filed Critical Carrier Corp
Publication of EP4368886A2 publication Critical patent/EP4368886A2/de
Publication of EP4368886A3 publication Critical patent/EP4368886A3/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/429—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors applied to measurement of ultraviolet light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/02—Details
    • G01J1/08—Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for photometry standard sources, also using luminescent or radioactive material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/08—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements
    • F23N5/082—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using light-sensitive elements using electronic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/4228—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors arrangements with two or more detectors, e.g. for sensitivity compensation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/4257—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors applied to monitoring the characteristics of a beam, e.g. laser beam, headlamp beam
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/44—Electric circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J5/00—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry
    • G01J5/0014—Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation from gases, flames
    • G01J5/0018—Flames, plasma or welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion chambers
    • F23M2900/11041—Means for observing or monitoring flames using photoelectric devices, e.g. phototransistors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01J—MEASUREMENT OF INTENSITY, VELOCITY, SPECTRAL CONTENT, POLARISATION, PHASE OR PULSE CHARACTERISTICS OF INFRARED, VISIBLE OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT; COLORIMETRY; RADIATION PYROMETRY
    • G01J1/00—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter
    • G01J1/42—Photometry, e.g. photographic exposure meter using electric radiation detectors
    • G01J1/44—Electric circuits
    • G01J2001/4446—Type of detector

Definitions

  • the following description relates to semiconductor films and phototube light detectors and, more particularly, to a combination of a semiconductor film and a phototube light detector.
  • UV flame detection requires a sharp wavelength cutoff so that incident sunlight will not trigger a false alarm.
  • Phototubes based on applications of photoelectric effect can meet this requirement but require high voltages, are relatively high cost, fragile and oftentimes do not accurately quantify incident UV light intensity.
  • solid state semiconductor film devices measure relative light intensities but suffer from limited sensitivity and selectivity. Thus, achieving a sufficiently sharp absorption cutoff at solar wavelengths to prevent false-positive alarms remains a challenge for certain sensor types.
  • a light detection system for association with a light source.
  • the light detection system includes a light detector and circuitry.
  • the light detector includes semiconductor film and phototube devices and is disposed with at least one line-of-sight (LOS) to the light source.
  • the circuitry is coupled to the light detector and the light detector and the circuitry are configured to cooperatively identify a presence and a characteristic of a light emission event at the light source.
  • the light source is provided as a plurality of light sources and the light detector is provided as one or more light detectors with at least one respective LOSs to corresponding ones or more of the plurality of light sources.
  • the characteristic of the light emission event includes a frequency of light produced by the light emission event.
  • the circuitry includes a first loop configured to identify the presence of the light emission event from a first photoelectric phenomenon of the light detector and a second loop configured to identify the characteristic of the light emission event from a second photoelectric phenomenon of the light detector.
  • the light detector includes a first wafer having opposed first and second major surfaces, a photosensitive semiconductor film disposed on the second major surface of the first wafer, interdigital electrodes (IDEs) partially formed on the photosensitive semiconductor film, a second wafer having opposed first and second major surfaces and a top electrode disposed on the first major surface of the second wafer.
  • the first and second wafers are bonded such that the respective second and first major surfaces of the first and second wafers face each other with a cavity defined between the respective second and first major surfaces of the first and second wafers.
  • the cavity is chargeable with gas supportive of photoelectric phenomena between the IDEs and the top electrode.
  • the first and second wafers each include at least one or more of silicon, oxide on silicon, quartz, sapphire, fused silica and ultraviolet (UV) transparent glass.
  • the cavity is hermetically sealed.
  • the first and second wafers are frit bonded, anodically bonded or glued.
  • a distance between the IDEs and the top electrode is anywhere from being similar to a pitch of the IDEs to being substantially larger than the pitch of the IDEs.
  • both of the IDEs and the top electrode are metallic.
  • the top electrode has an IDE structure and the light detector further includes a photosensitive semiconductor film interposed between the IDE structure of the top electrode and the first major surface of the second wafer.
  • a light detector includes a first wafer having opposed first and second major surfaces, a photosensitive semiconductor film disposed on the second major surface of the first wafer, interdigital electrodes (IDEs) partially formed on the photosensitive semiconductor film, a second wafer having opposed first and second major surfaces and a top electrode disposed on the first major surface of the second wafer.
  • the first and second wafers are bonded such that the respective second and first major surfaces of the first and second wafers face each other with a cavity defined between the respective second and first major surfaces of the first and second wafers.
  • the cavity is chargeable with gas supportive of photoelectric phenomena between the IDEs and the top electrode.
  • At least the first and second wafers have similar coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs).
  • the first and second wafers each include at least one or more of silicon, oxide on silicon, quartz, sapphire, fused silica and ultraviolet (UV) transparent glass.
  • the cavity is hermetically sealed.
  • the first and second wafers are frit bonded, anodically bonded or glued.
  • a distance between the IDEs and the top electrode is anywhere from being similar to a pitch of the IDEs to being substantially larger than the pitch of the IDEs.
  • both of the IDEs and the top electrode are metallic.
  • the top electrode has an IDE structure and the light detector further includes a photosensitive semiconductor film interposed between the IDE structure of the top electrode and the first major surface of the second wafer.
  • a method of assembling a light detector includes disposing a photosensitive semiconductor film on a major surface of a first wafer, partially forming interdigital electrodes (IDEs) on the photosensitive semiconductor film, disposing a top electrode on a major surface of a second wafer, bonding the first and second wafers such that the respective major surfaces face each other with a cavity defined therebetween and charging the cavity with gas supportive of photoelectric phenomena between the IDEs and the top electrode.
  • IDEs interdigital electrodes
  • a semiconductor film device and phototube are provided in combination with each other to form a single sensor.
  • a photosensitive semiconductor film is deposited onto a wafer and interdigital electrode (IDE) patterning follows.
  • Another wafer includes a top electrode and is bonded to the first wafer to form the sensor structure. This bonding is carried out in environment such that the sensor cavity between the two wafer surfaces is filled with an appropriate gas composition at suitable pressure to afford photoelectric phenomenon between top and IDE electrodes.
  • One of the electrode structures is formed of metal, such as nickel (Ni) or gold (Au), with a work function that is suitable for deep ultraviolet (UV) responsivity.
  • the top electrode contact may be fabricated in the form of an IDE structure and may include a photosensitive semiconductor film to further enhance sensor responsivity and functionality.
  • the light detection system 10 includes at least one or more light sources 20, at least one or more light detectors 30 and circuitry 40.
  • Each of the at least one light sources 20 may be provided as a flame producing element or a burner 21 or a pilot light for a water heater or a stovetop, for example, and may be provided as a single feature (see FIGS. 1 and 2 ) or as two or more features (see FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 ).
  • Each of the at least one or more light detectors 30 includes a semiconductor film device 31 that is combined with a phototube 32 into a single sensor that is disposed to sense whether one or more of the light sources 20 are or are not actually producing, generating or emitting light and, if light is being produced, generated or emitted, to also sense a characteristic of that light. To this end, the at least one or more light detectors 30 are each disposed with at least one line-of-sight (LOS) to at least one corresponding light source 20.
  • LOS line-of-sight
  • the circuitry 40 is coupled to each of the at least one or more light detectors 30.
  • the at least one or more light detectors 30 and the circuitry 40 are configured to cooperatively identify an occurrence or the presence and the characteristic of a light emission event (e.g., a flame at the burner 21) at the at least one corresponding light source 20.
  • a light emission event e.g., a flame at the burner 21
  • the light detection system 10 may be provided with a 1:1 ratio of one or more light sources 20 and one or more light detectors 30 (e.g., one light source 20 and one light detector 30 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 ), an N: 1 ratio of one or more light sources 20 and one or more light detectors 30 (e.g., two light sources 20 and one light detector 30 as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 ) or an N:N ratio of one or more light sources 20 and one or more light detectors 30 (e.g., one light source 20 and one light detector 30, two light sources 20 and two light detectors 30 as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 , three light sources 20 and three light detectors 30, etc.).
  • a 1:1 ratio of one or more light sources 20 and one or more light detectors 30 e.g., one light source 20 and one light detector 30 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2
  • an N: 1 ratio of one or more light sources 20 and one or more light detectors 30 e.g., two light sources 20 and one light detector 30 as shown
  • each one of the at least one or more light detectors 30 includes a first wafer 31 and a second wafer 32.
  • the first and second wafers 31 and 32 may include silicon, oxide on silicon, quartz, sapphire, fused silica, UV transparent glass or other similar materials.
  • at least one of the first and second wafers 31 and 32 are transparent to certain types of light, such as visible light, ultraviolet (UV) light, infrared (IR), etc. (e.g., the first wafer 31 may be formed of oxide on silicon, which is not transparent to UV light and the second wafer 32 would then have to be transparent to UV light).
  • the first wafer 31 has a first major surface 310 and a second major surface 311 which opposes the first major surface 310.
  • the second wafer 32 has a first major surface 320 and a second major surface 321 which opposes the first major surface 320.
  • a photosensitive semiconductor film 33 is disposed on a portion of the second major surface 311 of the first wafer 31 and interdigital electrodes (IDEs) 34 are partially formed on the photosensitive semiconductor film 33.
  • a top electrode 35 is disposed on a portion of the first major surface 320 of the second wafer 32.
  • the first and second wafers 31 and 32 are bonded such that the second major surface 311 and the first major surface 320 face each other with a cavity 36 defined therebetween.
  • This cavity 36 may be hermetically sealed (or otherwise sealed) and is thus chargeable with a gas that is supportive of photoelectric phenomena occurring between the IDEs 34 and the top electrode 35.
  • the first and second wafers 31 and 32 may be frit bonded, anodically bonded or glued (e.g., thermosetting glue or UV curable glue) to one another.
  • each one of the at least one or more light detectors 30 may further include spacers 37 or bulkheads which are structurally interposed between the first and second wafers 31 and 32 about and at a distance from respective perimeters of the photosensitive semiconductor film 33, the IDEs 34 and the top electrode 35. Adhesive can be applied to opposite ends of these spacers 37 such that the opposite ends of the spacers 37 can be bonded to the first and second wafers 31 and 32.
  • the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 is generally planar and may have a rectangular shaped footprint.
  • the IDEs 34 are provided as a first IDE portion 341 and a second IDE portion 342.
  • the first IDE portion 341 includes a first base element 3410 that is elongate and lies across a portion of the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 and first digital elements 3411 that extend from a major edge of the first base element 3410.
  • the second IDE portion 342 includes a second base element 3420 that is elongate and lies across a portion of the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 and second digital elements 3421 that extend from a major edge of the second base element 3420.
  • the first and second digital elements 3411 and 3421 are interleaved with one another with a substantially uniform pitch.
  • the top electrode 35 is generally planar and may be rectangular in shape. At least one or more of the IDEs 34 and the top electrode 35 includes metallic material, such as nickel (Ni) or gold (Au).
  • a distance between the IDEs 34 and the top electrode 35 may be anywhere from similar in magnitude to the substantially uniform pitch of the first and second digital elements 3411 and 3421 of the IDEs 34 to substantially larger than the substantially uniform pitch of the first and second digital elements 3411 and 3421 of the IDEs 34.
  • the circuitry 40 may include, for each one of the at least one or more light detectors 30, a first loop 41, a second loop 42 and a processor 43.
  • the first loop 41 is coupled at opposite ends thereof to the IDE electrodes 34 and the top electrode 35, respectively, and to the processor 43.
  • the second loop 42 is coupled at opposite ends thereof to sequential ones of the first and second digital elements 3411 and 3421, respectively, and to the processor 43.
  • the incident light is directed through the first wafer 31 onto the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 and impacts the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 at a location which is aligned with any of the first and second digital elements 3411 and 3421.
  • An electron is then emitted by the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 into the corresponding one of the first and second digital elements 3411 and 3421.
  • This electron (and all others which are similarly emitted) is read by the processor 43 via the second loop 42 as a current differential between the first and second IDE portions 341 and 342 that is indicative of the characteristic of the light emission event (i.e., a frequency or wavelength of the light emitted by the light emission event).
  • the method initially includes disposing the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 on the portion of the second major surface 311 of the first wafer 31 by, for example, depositional processing, epitaxial growth processing or other similar processing.
  • the method then includes partially forming the interdigital electrodes (IDEs) 34 on the photosensitive semiconductor film 33 by depositional processing and/or subsequent lithographic processing or etching (e.g., in one case, the depositional processing may be done through shadow-masking, in which case subsequent lithographic processing or etching is spurious).
  • IDEs interdigital electrodes
  • the method also includes disposing the top electrode 35 on the portion of the first major surface 320 of the second wafer 32 by, for example, depositional processing, epitaxial growth processing or other similar processing and/or subsequent lithographic processing or etching. At this point, the method includes bonding the first and second wafers 31 and 32 and charging the cavity 36 as described above.
  • the method may include forming the top electrode 35 on the portion of the first major surface 320 of the second wafer 32 as an IDE structure 601.
  • the IDE structure 601 may be formed by, for example, depositional processing, epitaxial growth processing or other similar processing of the top electrode 35 and subsequent lithographic processing or etching.
  • an additional photosensitive semiconductor film 602 may be interposed between the IDE structure 601 of the top electrode 35 and the first major surface 320 of the second wafer 32.
  • at least one of the first wafer 31 or the second wafer 32 needs to be transparent to UV (e.g., quartz, fused silica, sapphire or UV transparent glass).
  • the other may be provided as an oxide on silicon wafer.
  • the description provided herein relates to a low cost, scalable flame or light sensor with best-in-class solar radiation rejection, responsivity, dynamic range and response time for commercial and residential fire safety solutions.
  • it provides an attractive, low cost alternative to semiconductor solid state devices and photoionization tubes employed in industrial and boiler monitoring applications.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Photometry And Measurement Of Optical Pulse Characteristics (AREA)
  • Light Receiving Elements (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
EP24165699.0A 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photodetektor mit photoröhren Pending EP4368886A3 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201762512546P 2017-05-30 2017-05-30
EP18731682.3A EP3631299B1 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor
PCT/US2018/034630 WO2018222528A1 (en) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Semiconductor film and phototube light detector

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18731682.3A Division EP3631299B1 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor
EP18731682.3A Division-Into EP3631299B1 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4368886A2 true EP4368886A2 (de) 2024-05-15
EP4368886A3 EP4368886A3 (de) 2024-06-19

Family

ID=62621053

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP24165699.0A Pending EP4368886A3 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photodetektor mit photoröhren
EP18731682.3A Active EP3631299B1 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18731682.3A Active EP3631299B1 (de) 2017-05-30 2018-05-25 Halbleiterfilm und photozellenlichtdetektor

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11313718B2 (de)
EP (2) EP4368886A3 (de)
ES (1) ES2979258T3 (de)
FI (1) FI3631299T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2018222528A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2979258T3 (es) 2024-09-25
US20200200598A1 (en) 2020-06-25
FI3631299T3 (fi) 2024-06-13
WO2018222528A1 (en) 2018-12-06
EP3631299A1 (de) 2020-04-08
EP3631299B1 (de) 2024-05-22
EP4368886A3 (de) 2024-06-19
US11313718B2 (en) 2022-04-26

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