EP4363751A1 - Ventilvorrichtung für eine brennstoffzelle - Google Patents
Ventilvorrichtung für eine brennstoffzelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4363751A1 EP4363751A1 EP22731511.6A EP22731511A EP4363751A1 EP 4363751 A1 EP4363751 A1 EP 4363751A1 EP 22731511 A EP22731511 A EP 22731511A EP 4363751 A1 EP4363751 A1 EP 4363751A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- membrane
- valve device
- valve body
- fuel cell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K7/00—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves
- F16K7/12—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm
- F16K7/14—Diaphragm valves or cut-off apparatus, e.g. with a member deformed, but not moved bodily, to close the passage ; Pinch valves with flat, dished, or bowl-shaped diaphragm arranged to be deformed against a flat seat
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04223—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids during start-up or shut-down; Depolarisation or activation, e.g. purging; Means for short-circuiting defective fuel cells
- H01M8/04253—Means for solving freezing problems
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
- H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
- H01M8/04156—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal
- H01M8/04164—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying with product water removal by condensers, gas-liquid separators or filters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04291—Arrangements for managing water in solid electrolyte fuel cell systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a valve device for a fuel cell and a fuel cell with such a valve device.
- the fuel cell is a galvanic cell in which electrical energy is generated as a result of a chemical reaction between a fuel and an oxidant. Hydrogen is the preferred fuel used in motor vehicles. Atmospheric oxygen is used as the oxidizing agent.
- the fuel cell essentially consists of two electrodes (anode and cathode), which are separated from one another by a solid electrolyte, for example designed as a semipermeable membrane. The two reactants, fuel and oxidant, are fed continuously to the electrodes.
- the solid electrolyte is only for the type of ion released during the reaction, e.g. B. protons, permeable.
- the reaction between the oxidizing agent and the fuel releases electrical energy, which is used to operate the motor vehicle's electric motors.
- water is produced as a reaction product on the cathode side.
- nitrogen as the main component of air
- water gradually diffuse from the cathode via the solid electrolyte to the anode of the fuel cell. This is undesirable because nitrogen and water block the hydrogen supply channels and reduce the even distribution of the hydrogen within the anode, which adversely affects the efficiency of the fuel cell.
- the entire anode chamber is flushed, with the substances contained therein being recirculated.
- the substances mainly hydrogen, water and nitrogen, are flushed out of the anode and returned to it together with fresh hydrogen.
- the blocking of the anode and the solid electrolyte can be counteracted, however, without further measures, the proportion of nitrogen and water in the area of the anode would gradually increase. Therefore, the water and the nitrogen are largely separated from one another by means of a water separator (eg cyclone separator) arranged in the recirculation path.
- the nitrogen is evacuated from the system via a purge valve.
- the water separated in the sump of the water separator is drained from time to time via a drain valve.
- a further object of the invention is to provide a fuel cell device which is characterized by improved operational reliability, less susceptibility to faults and high efficiency even at ambient temperatures below the freezing point of water.
- a valve device for a fuel cell device has a flow channel, a valve seat located in the flow channel, which delimits a flow cross section, and a movable valve body, which in a closed position has a sealing surface on the valve seat and seals the flow cross section, and which in a release position releases the flow cross-section.
- the valve body has elastic material at least in regions.
- the valve device is designed to function as a drain valve or as a flushing valve in a fuel cell device.
- a drain valve When used as intended, there is therefore water or a medium containing water in the flow channel.
- the water can be in different states of aggregation. At temperatures above the freezing point, water is either liquid or gaseous. In the temperature range below the freezing point, the water is solid, i.e. ice. Every change in the physical state of the water is accompanied by a significant change in density and volume. A change between liquid and solid state is accompanied by a volume change of approx. 10%. This also changes the pressure forces on the valve body surrounded by water or by the water-containing medium.
- valve body has elastic material at least in some areas, it can adapt flexibly to the changing pressure forces without suffering mechanical damage. As a result, the valve device is considerably more robust against temperature-related, changing pressure forces which act on it from the water surrounding it in the flow channel.
- the valve device is thus characterized by a high level of operational reliability. Furthermore, a heating device can be dispensed with, as a result of which the valve device is also very inexpensive.
- the elastic material can be an elastomer, for example.
- the valve body can be made of this elastomer either entirely or only in certain areas.
- the valve body can also have a have a non-elastic core made of metal or plastic, which is completely or partially coated with elastic material on its outside facing the flow channel.
- the valve body has elastic material at least in the area of the sealing surface.
- valve device offers the two additional advantages that, on the one hand, the valve body can nestle very well against the valve seat with its elastic sealing surface, which improves the sealing properties of the valve device in the closed position.
- elastic materials in particular elastomers, have a reduced tendency to freeze to the sealing surface due to their poor thermal conductivity.
- the valve body has a membrane made of elastic material.
- the valve device has an actuator device for moving the valve body, which is arranged in an actuator chamber open to the flow channel, the membrane sealing the actuator chamber from the flow channel.
- the elastic membrane thus has two functions: On the one hand, the elastic membrane provides the sealing surface for the valve seat. On the other hand, the membrane seals the actuator space from the flow channel. The seal is at least liquid-tight, advantageously even gas-tight. As a result, no fluid can penetrate into the actuator space.
- the actuator device located in the actuator space is therefore securely protected against contamination or damage by fluids located in the flow channel. In particular in the case of water as the flowing medium, the actuator device is thus also protected against freezing.
- Elastic membranes, in particular made of an elastomer are tough, robust, resistant to aggressive fluids, inexpensive to purchase, easy to assemble and easy to manufacture.
- the valve body has a fastening section for fastening to a housing of the valve device.
- the fastening section has a metal ring or plastic ring. The valve body is pressed with the fastening section inside the housing or inside the actuator space.
- the metal ring or plastic ring serves to stabilize and stiffen the valve body on the fastening section. As a result, a sealing assembly of the valve body by pressing is easily possible.
- the metal ring or plastic ring can also be covered by the membrane.
- the membrane is designed at least in sections as a bellows.
- valve body can overcome a greater stroke with less material stress, ie a greater distance between the closed position and the release position.
- the membrane has a smaller material thickness in the area of the bellows than in other areas.
- the diaphragm has greater flexibility in the area of the bellows, while the diaphragm has a greater material thickness and thus greater robustness in other areas, in particular in the area of the sealing surface.
- the membrane has a core made of metal or plastic in the area of the sealing surface and/or in the area of a contact surface with the actuator device.
- the membrane consists of different elastic materials in some areas.
- a fuel cell device according to claim 10 has a valve device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.
- the fuel cell device can have a water-carrying line which is in fluid communication with the flow channel of the valve device.
- FIG. 1 Schematic representation of an embodiment of a
- a motor vehicle 1 with a fuel cell device 2 is shown schematically.
- the core of the fuel cell device 2 is the actual fuel cell 3, which acts as a galvanic cell.
- the fuel cell 3 has an anode device 4 and a cathode device 5, which are separated from one another by an electrolyte device 6 (ion conductor).
- the electrolyte device 6 is formed in the embodiment as a polymer electrolyte membrane, which only for protons, but not for electrons is permeable. Alternatively, certain ceramics or other solid electrolytes can also be used.
- the anode device 4 and the cathode device 5 have electrode plates or bipolar plates (not shown), which are preferably made of metal or carbon and are coated with a catalyst such as platinum or palladium.
- the fuel cell device 2 also includes a fuel supply device 7 which is coupled to an input 8 of the anode device 4 in order to supply it with fuel.
- the fuel supply device 7 has a fuel tank 71 in which the fuel is stored.
- the fuel used is hydrogen, which is stored in the fuel tank 71 in liquid or gaseous form under very high pressure (e.g. 350 bar to 700 bar).
- the fuel tank 71 is connected to the input 8 of the anode device 4 via a supply line 72 .
- a shut-off valve 73 and a pressure reducer 74 are arranged one behind the other in the supply line 72 downstream (arrow) of the fuel tank 71 .
- the pressure reducer 74 reduces the gas pressure to about 10 bar to 30 bar.
- a controllable metering valve 75 which enables the hydrogen to be metered in a targeted manner into the anode device 4 .
- the metering valve 75 is controlled by a control device 9 assigned to the fuel cell device 2 and electrically connected to the metering valve 75 .
- a pressure sensor 76 is arranged between the metering valve 75 and the anode device 4 , which is also connected to the control device 9 and provides the hydrogen pressure value at the input 8 of the anode device 4 .
- the pressure inside the anode device 4 ranges between 0.8 bar and 4 bar.
- the fuel cell device 2 also includes a
- Oxidant supply device 10 which is coupled to the cathode device 5 in order to supply it with oxidant.
- atmospheric oxygen serves as the oxidizing agent, which is supplied to the cathode device by the oxidizing agent supply device 10 .
- the oxidizing agent supply device 10 has a further pressure sensor 11 which supplies the control device 9 with the oxygen pressure or the air pressure at the inlet of the cathode device 5 .
- the hydrogen on the side of the anode device 4 reacts with the atmospheric oxygen on the side of the cathode device 5 to form water, with a direct current flow occurring between the anode device 4 and the cathode device 5 .
- the direct current can be used to operate an electric drive motor (not shown) of motor vehicle 1. Most of the water formed is disposed of together with the other air components (mainly nitrogen) via a disposal line 12 at the outlet of cathode device 5.
- the substances contained in the anode device 4 in the exemplary embodiment hydrogen, nitrogen and water, are recirculated.
- the fuel cell device 2 includes a recirculation device 20 which fluidically connects an outlet 30 of the anode device 4 to its inlet 8 .
- the substances contained in the anode device 4 are discharged via the outlet 230 by means of the recirculation device 20 and at least partially fed back to the anode device 4 via its inlet 8 .
- the recirculation device 20 has a gas blower 21 which sucks the substances out of the anode device 4 via the outlet 30 and feeds them back to the anode device 4 via the inlet 8 .
- a simple recirculation would steadily decrease the concentration of hydrogen in the anode device 4 and the concentration of nitrogen and Water steadily increase, which would have a negative impact on the efficiency of the fuel cell 3.
- the recirculation device 20 has a water separator 22 and a nitrogen separator 23, which is designed to reduce the water content and the nitrogen content in the gas mixture to be recirculated and to feed the fraction with the higher hydrogen content back to the anode device 4.
- the water separator 22 can be designed, for example, as a cyclone separator in which the water is separated from the nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture. Most of the water collects in the sump of the water separator 22 or the cyclone separator and can be discharged from it by means of a first controllable valve device 25 .
- the separated nitrogen-hydrogen gas mixture which still contains a small proportion of water, is fed to the nitrogen separator 23, which can be designed as a nitrogen filter impermeable to nitrogen molecules, with the nitrogen then being discharged to the environment via a second controllable valve device 24 can.
- the recirculation gas enriched with hydrogen in this way is fed back to the anode device 4 .
- Each of the valve devices 24, 25 has a housing 200, a flow channel 201 formed in the housing with two flow inlets 202 (side) and a flow outlet 203 (bottom), a valve seat 204 located in the flow channel 201 and formed on the housing, which has a flow cross section A in the flow channel 201 limited.
- the valve devices 24, 25 also have a movable valve body 300, which in a closed position (not shown) rests sealingly with a sealing surface B on the valve seat 204 and closes the flow cross section A, and which in a release position (see Fig. 2) the flow cross section A releases.
- the valve body 300 has elastic material at least in certain areas, advantageously in the area of the sealing surface.
- the valve body has a membrane 301 made of elastic material, e.g., made of one or more elastomers, such as ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM) or hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (FINBR).
- EPDM ethylene propylene diene rubber
- FINBR hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber
- the valve device 24, 25 also includes an actuator device 400 for moving the valve body 300 between the closed position and the release position.
- the actuator device 400 is arranged at least partially in an actuator space 205 formed in the housing 200 and open towards the flow channel 201 .
- the actuator device 400 has an electrically controllable drive 401 and a finger-shaped or pin-shaped transmission element 402 coupled to the drive 401 .
- the transmission element 402 in turn is operatively connected to the membrane 301 and transmits the drive energy of the drive 401 to the membrane 301 .
- the drive 401 can move the membrane 301 back and forth between the closed position and the release position by means of the transmission element 402 .
- the membrane 301 is fixed to the housing 200 at its edges.
- the membrane 301 separates the actuator chamber 205 from the flow channel 201 in a liquid-tight or gas-tight manner. In this way, the actuator space 205 is protected from the media located in the flow channel 201 . In particular, no Water penetrate into the actuator space 205, which protects the actuator device 300 from icing or corrosion.
- the valve body 300 has a fastening section 302 for fastening to the housing 200 of the valve device 24, 25.
- This attachment portion 302 comprises a ring 303 of rigid material such as metal or plastic.
- the ring 303 can be surrounded by the flexible material of the membrane 301, e.g.
- the valve body 300 is pressed with the fastening section 302 inside the actuator space 205 with the housing 200 .
- the ring 303 made of stiff material provides the necessary strength.
- the membrane 301 is designed in sections as a bellows 304.
- the material stresses within the membrane 301 when moving between the closed position and the release position can be significantly reduced, as a result of which the membrane 301 can run through a very large number of opening and closing cycles without significant material wear.
- the membrane 301 can have a smaller material thickness in the area of the bellows 304 than in other areas. As a result, the diaphragm 301 exhibits greater suppleness and flexibility in the area of the expanding and contracting bellows 304 than in other areas, e.g. in the area of the sealing surface, where greater mechanical robustness is required.
- the membrane 301 has a core 305 made of metal or plastic in the area of a contact surface with the transmission element 402 of the actuator device 400 in order to increase the robustness at this point.
- the membrane 301 consists of different elastic materials in some areas.
- SO may be the area with the lighter
- the gray shade may be formed from a higher Shore A hardness (eg 80 Shore A) hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber and the darker shade of gray may be formed from a lower Shore A hardness (eg 30 Shore A) hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber. Areas with different Shore A hardnesses can also be realized with other elastomers, such as EPDM.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021206940.1A DE102021206940A1 (de) | 2021-07-01 | 2021-07-01 | Ventilvorrichtung für eine Brennstoffzelle |
| PCT/EP2022/064024 WO2023274636A1 (de) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-05-24 | Ventilvorrichtung für eine brennstoffzelle |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4363751A1 true EP4363751A1 (de) | 2024-05-08 |
Family
ID=82115788
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22731511.6A Pending EP4363751A1 (de) | 2021-07-01 | 2022-05-24 | Ventilvorrichtung für eine brennstoffzelle |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4363751A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021206940A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023274636A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS50120270U (de) * | 1974-03-07 | 1975-10-01 | ||
| DE7541730U (de) | 1975-12-30 | 1977-09-08 | Mueller, Fritz, 7119 Criesbach | Membranventil |
| JPS52108635U (de) * | 1976-02-14 | 1977-08-18 | ||
| CN2148231Y (zh) * | 1992-12-26 | 1993-12-01 | 庞宗栓 | 汽车水箱电动放水阀 |
| DE19957306C2 (de) * | 1999-06-08 | 2001-07-05 | Tuchenhagen Gmbh | Schließglied-Einheit für ein aseptisches Doppelsitzventil |
| US7243903B2 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2007-07-17 | Wincek Christopher P | Valve diaphragm with a compression restraining ring, and valve including same |
| DE102011109424A1 (de) | 2011-08-04 | 2013-02-07 | Daimler Ag | Vorrichtung zum Absperren eines Gasstroms |
| DE102016208600A1 (de) * | 2016-05-19 | 2017-11-23 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Absperrventil, SCR-System und Verfahren zur Leckagedetektion und/oder Dosiermengenabweichungserkennung |
| JP2018152283A (ja) * | 2017-03-14 | 2018-09-27 | アイシン精機株式会社 | 燃料電池システム |
-
2021
- 2021-07-01 DE DE102021206940.1A patent/DE102021206940A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2022
- 2022-05-24 EP EP22731511.6A patent/EP4363751A1/de active Pending
- 2022-05-24 WO PCT/EP2022/064024 patent/WO2023274636A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2023274636A1 (de) | 2023-01-05 |
| DE102021206940A1 (de) | 2023-01-05 |
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