EP4358538A1 - Système de correction de caractéristique de sortie de haut-parleur et système sonore - Google Patents

Système de correction de caractéristique de sortie de haut-parleur et système sonore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4358538A1
EP4358538A1 EP23203012.2A EP23203012A EP4358538A1 EP 4358538 A1 EP4358538 A1 EP 4358538A1 EP 23203012 A EP23203012 A EP 23203012A EP 4358538 A1 EP4358538 A1 EP 4358538A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
speaker
output
characteristic
filter
speaker model
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23203012.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Yuji Saito
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Alps Alpine Co Ltd
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Alps Alpine Co Ltd
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4358538A1 publication Critical patent/EP4358538A1/fr
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/04—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones for correcting frequency response
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
    • H04R29/001—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for loudspeakers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/01—Aspects of volume control, not necessarily automatic, in sound systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/03—Synergistic effects of band splitting and sub-band processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R3/002—Damping circuit arrangements for transducers, e.g. motional feedback circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technique of correcting an output characteristic of a speaker.
  • a technique of flattening a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by a speaker by outputting an audio signal to the speaker through an inverse filter that has an inverse characteristic of the frequency characteristic of the speaker has been used (e.g., JP 2013-85111 A ).
  • examples of techniques relating to the present invention include an equivalent circuit of a speaker as illustrated in Fig. 6 ( Klippel, Wolfgang, "Modeling the large signal behavior of micro-speakers", 133rd Audio Engineering Society Convention 2012, Paper Number 8749, October 25, 2012 ).
  • the equivalent circuit has the following parameters.
  • Bl(x), K(x), and Le(x, i) are nonlinear characteristics and cause nonlinear distortion of the speaker.
  • a nonlinear distortion correction system that corrects nonlinear distortion of a speaker using a Mirror filter as illustrated in Fig. 7 has been used ( Yoshinobu Kajikawa (Faculty of Systems Science and Engineering, Kansai University), “Nonlinear Distortion Correction of Speaker System by Signal Processing Techniques," Journal of the Acoustical Society of Japan, Vol. 67, No. 10 (2011), pp. 470475 ).
  • u(n) indicates an input audio signal and fs indicates a sampling frequency of the input audio signal u(n).
  • Re indicates a DC resistance of a voice coil and corresponds to Re in the equivalent circuit illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • Rm indicates a mechanical resistance of a vibration system and corresponds to Rm(v) in the equivalent circuit illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • m 0 indicates an equivalent mass of the vibration system and corresponds to m 0 in the equivalent circuit illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • K(x) indicates stiffness and corresponds to K(x) in the equivalent circuit illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • Bl(x) indicates a force coefficient and corresponds to Bl(x) in the equivalent circuit illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • a 0 indicates a gain of an analog section.
  • a block A predicts a displacement x(n) of the vibration system in accordance with a linear speaker model
  • a block B predicts an amount of nonlinear distortion using the displacement x(n) predicted by the block A in accordance with the nonlinear speaker model, corrects the input audio signal u(n) so that the nonlinear distortion is not generated based on the prediction, and outputs a corrected audio signal u L (n).
  • an inverse characteristic of a nonlinear characteristic of the speaker is applied to the input audio signal u(n) so that an audio signal u L (n) that is free from nonlinear distortion is output.
  • the nonlinear distortion is noticeably larger in a low frequency range where oscillation for the same magnitude of an input is larger than that in a high frequency range.
  • an audio signal with a large low-frequency sound is output to the speaker having a characteristic of a lower volume in the low-frequency region, and therefore, larger nonlinear distortion is generated when this technique is employed.
  • the invention relates to a speaker output characteristic correction system and sound system according to the appended claims. Embodiments are disclosed in the dependent claims.
  • a filter characteristic for adjusting gains of individual bands of the first audio signal so that a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by the speaker relative to the first audio signal is flattened is set to the output flattening filter as a filter characteristic of the output flattening filter, and an inverse characteristic of a nonlinear characteristic of the speaker is set to the nonlinear inverse filter as a filter characteristic of the nonlinear inverse filter.
  • the speaker output characteristic correction system may include a displacement measurement section that measures a displacement of a vibration system of the speaker, a speaker model calculator that calculates a speaker model of the speaker having a plurality of parameters including nonlinear parameters based on the displacement measured by the displacement measurement section in a state in which a predetermined audio signal is output to the speaker, and a filter characteristic setter that calculates a linear approximation speaker model that is a speaker model in which the individual parameters of the calculated speaker model are linearized, calculates a filter characteristic in which a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by the speaker is flattened in accordance with the calculated linear approximation speaker model, and sets the calculated filter characteristic to the output flattening filter as a filter characteristic of the output flattening filter.
  • the output flattening filter may include a band divider that divides the first audio signal into a plurality of per-band signals, which are signals for individual bands of the first audio signal, gain calculators corresponding to the individual bands, which calculate gains of the bands, gain adjusters corresponding to the individual bands, which give the gains of the individual bands calculated by the gain calculators to the per-band signals of the bands, and a mixer that mixes the per-band signals having gains adjusted by the gain adjusters and outputs resultants as the second audio signal.
  • a band divider that divides the first audio signal into a plurality of per-band signals, which are signals for individual bands of the first audio signal
  • gain calculators corresponding to the individual bands which calculate gains of the bands
  • gain adjusters corresponding to the individual bands which give the gains of the individual bands calculated by the gain calculators to the per-band signals of the bands
  • a mixer that mixes the per-band signals having gains adjusted by the gain adjusters and outputs resultants as the second audio signal.
  • each of the gain calculators corresponding to the individual bands may include a linear approximation speaker model that receives a corresponding one of the per-band signals of the bands as an input, a flattening speaker model that receives a corresponding one of the per-band signals of the bands as an input, and a gain output section that outputs a value obtained by dividing an effective value of an output of the flattening speaker model by an effective value of an output of the linear approximation speaker model as a gain of the corresponding one of the bands.
  • the filter characteristic setter may calculate, based on the calculated linear approximation speaker model, a speaker model in which a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by the speaker is flatter than the linear approximation speaker model as the flattening speaker model, and set a filter characteristic of the output flattening filter by setting the calculated linear approximation speaker model and the calculated flattening speaker model in the gain calculators corresponding to the individual bands.
  • the filter characteristic setter may calculate a speaker model in which the parameters of the linear approximation speaker model are changed so that a resonance frequency moves to a lower frequency side relative to a resonance frequency of the linear approximation speaker model as the flattening speaker model.
  • the speaker output characteristic correction system may include a displacement measurement section that measures a displacement of a vibration system of the speaker, a speaker model calculator that calculates a speaker model of the speaker having a plurality of parameters including nonlinear parameters based on the displacement measured by the displacement measurement section in a state in which a predetermined audio signal is output to the speaker, and a filter characteristic setter that sets, as the filter characteristic of the linear inverse filter, a filter characteristic that matches an inverse characteristic of a nonlinear characteristic of the speaker model indicated by the parameters of the speaker model calculated by the speaker model calculator.
  • the linear inverse filter may include a first block that predicts a displacement of a vibration system in accordance with a linear speaker model that is the same as or different from the linear approximation speaker model and outputs the predicted displacement, a predicted displacement modifier that adjusts the predicted displacement using a gain indicated by a value obtained by dividing an effective value of the second audio signal by an effective value of an audio signal output from the sound generator, and a second block that predicts an amount of nonlinear distortion in accordance with the nonlinear speaker model using the predicted displacement adjusted by the predicted displacement modifier, corrects the second audio signal in accordance with the predicted amount of nonlinear distortion so that nonlinear distortion does not occur, and outputs the resultant signal to the speaker.
  • the filter characteristic setter may set the filter characteristic of the linear inverse filter by setting a characteristic of the first block and a characteristic of the second block as a characteristic according to the individual parameters of the speaker model calculated by the speaker model calculator.
  • the present invention also provides a sound system including the speaker output characteristic correction system described herein, the speaker, and the sound generator.
  • the nonlinear inverse filter may be used to suppress generation of nonlinear distortion of the speaker while the output flattening filter is used to flatten a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by the speaker.
  • a speaker model of the speaker is calculated by measuring a displacement of a vibration system, etc., and characteristics of the output flattening filter and the nonlinear inverse filter are set in accordance with the calculated speaker model, even when the characteristic of the speaker changes over time, etc., the frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output from the speaker may be appropriately flattened and generation of nonlinear distortion may be appropriately suppressed thereafter by updating the speaker model of the speaker through measurement and performing a setting of a characteristic in accordance with the updated speaker model.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a sound system according to an embodiment.
  • the sound system includes a sound generator 1, a speaker 2, an output flattening filter 3, a nonlinear inverse filter 4, an amplifier 5, and a controller 6.
  • Fig. 2A is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a speaker 2.
  • the speaker 2 includes a yoke 201, a magnet 202, a top plate 203, a voice coil bobbin 204, a voice coil 205, a frame 206, a damper 207, a diaphragm 208, an edge 209, a dust cap 210, a displacement detection magnet 211, and a magnetic angle sensor 212.
  • the yoke 201 has a convex portion 2011 protruding forward at a center, the magnet 202 having an annular shape is disposed around a circumference of the convex portion 2011, and the top plate 203 having an annular shape is disposed on the magnet 202.
  • the top plate 203 is then composed of an iron or other conductive material.
  • the yoke 201, the magnet 202, and the top plate 203 form a magnetic circuit 220.
  • the voice coil bobbin 204 has a hollow cylindrical shape, and the voice coil 205 to which a signal from the amplifier 5 is applied is wound around its circumference.
  • the convex portion 2011 of the yoke 201 is inserted from behind into the hollow of the voice coil bobbin 204 so that the voice coil bobbin 204 is capable of moving back and forth with respect to the yoke 201, and the voice coil 205 is located between the convex portion 2011 of the yoke 201 and the top plate 203 where a magnetic flux generated between inner edges of the top plate 203 by the magnetic circuit 220 passes through.
  • the diaphragm 208 has a shape roughly similar to a side of a cone with front and rear directions of the front speaker as a height direction, and its outer edge is connected to a front end of the frame 206 at the edge 209. An inner end of the diaphragm 208 is fixed to a front end of the voice coil bobbin 204.
  • the displacement detection magnet 211 is fixed to an outer circumference of the voice coil bobbin 204 so as to move up and down with the voice coil bobbin 204 and generates a magnetic flux in a direction orthogonal to the magnetic flux generated by the magnetic circuit 220.
  • the magnetic angle sensor 212 detects and outputs, as a magnetic angle, an arc tangent Qs/Qc of an angle of a composite vector Q of a magnetic flux vector Qc acting from the magnetic circuit 220 and a magnetic flux vector Qs acting from the displacement detection magnet 211, as illustrated in Fig. 2B . Since a magnetic flux vector of the displacement detection magnet 211 acting on the magnetic angle sensor 212 changes with displacement of the displacement detection magnet 211 caused by displacement of the voice coil bobbin 204, the magnetic angle is a value according to a displacement amount of the voice coil bobbin 204.
  • the speaker 2 includes a detector that detects an input voltage and an input current, and the detector outputs information on the detected input voltage and the detected input current to the controller 6.
  • the sound generator 1 outputs an audio signal Si
  • the output flattening filter 3 adjusts gains of individual bands of the audio signal Si so that a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by the speaker 2 relative to the audio signal Si is flattened (flattening) and outputs an intermediate audio signal Sm thus obtained.
  • the nonlinear inverse filter 4 corrects the intermediate audio signal Sm by signal processing adapted to adjust the gains of the output flattening filter 3 so that nonlinear distortion of the speaker 2 is suppressed, and outputs an output audio signal So thus obtained to the speaker 2 via the amplifier 5.
  • the audio signal Si, the intermediate audio signal Sm, and the output audio signal So are digital audio signals
  • the amplifier 5 converts the output audio signal So to an analog signal to be applied to the speaker 2.
  • characteristics of the output flattening filter 3 and the nonlinear inverse filter 4 are set by the controller 6.
  • the controller 6 To set the characteristics of the output flattening filter 3 and the nonlinear inverse filter 4, the controller 6 performs a filter characteristic setting process.
  • the filter characteristic setting process may be performed at a time of initial adjustment of the sound system, periodically, or in response to a user instruction.
  • the controller 6 first calculates individual parameters of an equivalent circuit of the speaker 2 illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • the controller 6 collects, while causing the sound generator 1 to output a prescribed test signal, data of an input voltage and an input current of the speaker 2 and a displacement x of the vibration system indicated by a magnetic angle detected by the magnetic angle sensor 212, and analyzes the collected data to calculate the individual parameters of the equivalent circuit of the speaker 2 illustrated in Fig. 6 .
  • a linear approximation speaker model which is a speaker model obtained by linearly approximating the equivalent circuit of the speaker 2, is calculated using the individual calculated parameters.
  • the linearization of a parameter may be performed, for example, by approximating the parameter with an nth-order expression and using a first- order term of the nth-order expression as a linearized parameter.
  • the controller 6 calculates a flattening speaker model, which is a speaker model that shows the displacement x with respect to the input u and that has a flat frequency characteristic of a volume of output sound of the speaker 2 with respect to the input u.
  • a frequency characteristic of the displacement amplitude of the speaker 2 becomes flat on a lower frequency side relative to a resonance frequency ⁇ 0 as illustrated in Fig. 3A , and a frequency characteristic of the volume of sound becomes lower on the lower frequency side as illustrated in Fig. 3B .
  • the resonance frequency ⁇ 0 is on the lower side as shown in the frequency characteristic of the displacement amplitude illustrated in Fig. 3C
  • the sound volume may be suppressed to be fell down in a lower range as shown in the frequency characteristic of the sound volume in Fig. 3D .
  • the controller 6 calculates a speaker model in which parameters of a linear approximation speaker model are adjusted so that the resonance frequency ⁇ 0 moves to the lower frequency side as a flatting speaker model.
  • the controller 6 sets the linear approximation speaker model and the flattening speaker model that are calculated as described above to the output flattening filter 3 in the filter characteristic setting process.
  • Fig. 4 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an output flattening filter 3.
  • the output flattening filter 3 includes a band divider 31 that divides the audio signal Si input from the sound generator 1 into frequency bands and outputs n divided signals Si_j, n variable gain multipliers 32 that are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the n divided signals Si_j and adjust gains of the corresponding divided signals Si_j, n gain calculators 33 provided in one-to-one correspondence with the n divided signals Si_j, and a mixer 34 that mixes outputs of the n variable gain multipliers 32 and outputs an intermediate audio signal Sm as a resultant signal of the output flattening filter 3.
  • a band divider 31 that divides the audio signal Si input from the sound generator 1 into frequency bands and outputs n divided signals Si_j
  • n variable gain multipliers 32 that are provided in one-to-one correspondence with the n divided signals Si_j and adjust gains of the corresponding divided signals Si_j
  • n gain calculators 33 provided in one-to-one correspondence with the n divided signals Si_j
  • a mixer 34 that mixes outputs
  • each of the gain calculators 33 has a flattening speaker model 331, an effective value calculator 332, a linear approximation speaker model 333, an effective value calculator 334, and a divider 335.
  • the controller 6 sets the flattening speaker model calculated as described above as the flattening speaker model 331 and the linear approximation speaker model calculated as described above as the linear approximation speaker model 333.
  • a corresponding one of the divided signals Si_j is input to the flattening speaker model 331 and the linear approximation speaker model 333 in a j-th gain calculator 33.
  • the effective value calculator 332 calculates an effective value RMS_C_j of an output of the flattening speaker model 331, and the effective value calculator 334 calculates an effective value RMS_L_j of an output of the linear approximation speaker model 333.
  • the controller 6 sets characteristics determined in accordance with the individual parameters of the equivalent circuit of the speaker 2 in Fig. 6 calculated as described above to the nonlinear inverse filter 4.
  • FIG. 5 A configuration of a nonlinear inverse filter 4 is illustrated in Fig. 5 .
  • a general nonlinear distortion correction system using a Mirror filter illustrated in Fig. 7 is used almost as is for the nonlinear inverse filter 4. Then the nonlinear inverse filter 4 applies an inverse characteristic of the nonlinear characteristic of the speaker 2 to the intermediate audio signal Sm to generate an output audio signal So in which nonlinear distortion is not generated.
  • a difference between the nonlinear inverse filter 4 illustrated in Fig. 5 and the nonlinear distortion correction system illustrated in Fig. 7 is that an effective value calculator 41, an effective value calculator 42, a divider 43, and a variable gain multiplier 44 are added to the nonlinear distortion correction system illustrated in Fig. 7 .
  • the effective value calculator 41 calculates an effective value RMS_Si of the audio signal Si output by the sound generator 1, and the effective value calculator 42 calculates an effective value RMS_Sm of the intermediate audio signal Sm output by the output flattening filter 3.
  • variable gain multiplier 44 adjusts a displacement x(n) output by the gain multiplier corresponding to a gain G 0 of the nonlinear distortion correction system using the gain Ga and outputs a resultant instead of an output of a gain multiplier G 0 .
  • a displacement x(n) of the vibration system is presumed according to the linear speaker model
  • an amount of nonlinear distortion is presumed in accordance with a nonlinear speaker model using the displacement x(n) presumed in the block A
  • the input audio signal Sm is corrected so that the nonlinear distortion is not generated based on the prediction
  • the corrected audio signal So is output.
  • the controller 6 sets the characteristics of the individual gain multipliers and the individual variable gain multipliers 32 of the nonlinear inverse filter 4 that overlap with those in the nonlinear distortion correction system illustrated in Fig. 7 to the characteristics determined using the individual parameters including the nonlinear parameters of the equivalent circuit of the speaker 2 illustrated in Fig. 6 that have been calculated, so that characteristics of the nonlinear inverse filter 4 are set.
  • the controller 6 cancels stop of the operations of the output flattening filter 3 and the nonlinear inverse filter 4 and starts operations according to the set characteristics.
  • the nonlinear inverse filter 4 may be used to suppress the generation of nonlinear distortion of the speaker 2 while the output flattening filter 3 is used to flatten a frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output by the speaker 2.
  • the speaker model of the speaker is calculated by measuring the displacement of the vibration system, etc., and the characteristics of the output flattening filter and the nonlinear inverse filter are set in accordance with the calculated speaker model, so that even when the characteristics of the speaker change over time, etc., the frequency characteristic of a volume of sound output from the speaker 2 may be appropriately flattened and the generation of nonlinear distortion may be appropriately suppressed thereafter by performing the filter characteristic setting process where appropriate.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)
EP23203012.2A 2022-10-19 2023-10-11 Système de correction de caractéristique de sortie de haut-parleur et système sonore Pending EP4358538A1 (fr)

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JP2022167429A JP2024060211A (ja) 2022-10-19 2022-10-19 スピーカの出力特性補正システム及び音響システム

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EP4358538A1 true EP4358538A1 (fr) 2024-04-24

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050008170A1 (en) * 2003-05-06 2005-01-13 Gerhard Pfaffinger Stereo audio-signal processing system
JP2013085111A (ja) 2011-10-07 2013-05-09 Sony Corp 音声処理装置および音声処理方法、記録媒体、並びにプログラム
US20150249889A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 The University Of Utah Digital signal processor for audio extensions and correction of nonlinear distortions in loudspeakers
US20170318390A1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Ltd. Audio signals

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050008170A1 (en) * 2003-05-06 2005-01-13 Gerhard Pfaffinger Stereo audio-signal processing system
JP2013085111A (ja) 2011-10-07 2013-05-09 Sony Corp 音声処理装置および音声処理方法、記録媒体、並びにプログラム
US20150249889A1 (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-03 The University Of Utah Digital signal processor for audio extensions and correction of nonlinear distortions in loudspeakers
US20170318390A1 (en) * 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Cirrus Logic International Semiconductor Ltd. Audio signals

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN, vol. 67, no. 10, 2011, pages 470475
KLIPPELWOLFGANG: "Modeling the large signal behavior of micro-speakers", 133RD AUDIO ENGINEERING SOCIETY CONVENTION 2012, 25 October 2012 (2012-10-25), pages 8749
SHOICHI KITAGAWA AND YOSHINOBU KAJIKAWA: "Linearization Ability Evaluation for Loudspeaker Systems Using Dynamic Distortion Measurement", IEICE TRANSACTIONS ON FUNDAMENTALS OF ELECTRONICS,COMMUNICATIONS AND COMPUTER SCIENCES, ENGINEERING SCIENCES SOCIETY, TOKYO, JP, vol. E94A, no. 2, 1 February 2011 (2011-02-01), pages 813 - 816, XP001560968, ISSN: 0916-8508, [retrieved on 20110201], DOI: 10.1587/TRANSFUN.E94.A.813 *

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US20240137698A1 (en) 2024-04-25
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