EP4357487A1 - Arbeitswalzenbeschichtung und verfahren zur herstellung davon - Google Patents

Arbeitswalzenbeschichtung und verfahren zur herstellung davon Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4357487A1
EP4357487A1 EP22202105.7A EP22202105A EP4357487A1 EP 4357487 A1 EP4357487 A1 EP 4357487A1 EP 22202105 A EP22202105 A EP 22202105A EP 4357487 A1 EP4357487 A1 EP 4357487A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coating
annealing
hardness
thermally
metal object
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22202105.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jean-François VAN HUMBEECK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL filed Critical Centre de Recherches Metallurgiques CRM ASBL
Priority to EP22202105.7A priority Critical patent/EP4357487A1/de
Publication of EP4357487A1 publication Critical patent/EP4357487A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
    • C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
    • C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1689—After-treatment
    • C23C18/1692—Heat-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/31—Coating with metals
    • C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D15/00—Electrolytic or electrophoretic production of coatings containing embedded materials, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
    • C25D3/06—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium from solutions of trivalent chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
    • C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
    • C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
    • C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an innovative work roll coating for application in cold rolling and temper-mill rolling of steel products and the method for producing such innovative coating.
  • Cold rolling is an industrial process where sheets or strips of metal are passed between large rollers, which compress it and squeeze it under high pressure. This results in grain reorientation and creation of defects in the crystal structure of the metal. Depending on the applied strain, different mechanical properties are achieved after cold-rolling, usually including a higher yield strength and greater hardness of the metal strip.
  • the thickness of the metal strip is hence reduced by processing it through a sequence of rolling mill stands. Multi-stand mills typically consist of three to six pairs of rollers in a series, each pre-set to reduce the thickness by a certain percentage until the final thickness is reached.
  • Hard chrome plating of work rolls is standard practice in the rolling industry since the 1980's.
  • the benefits thereof are an improvement of roughness retention, leading to an increase of rolling length and of service life, the latter up to a factor of 2, strip cleanliness improvement as well as provision of a cheap and robust process.
  • a wide range of technologies allow to coat rolling mill rolls with protective coatings, for instance powder spraying (thermal spray or cold spray), vacuum deposition (PVD, CVD), as well as chemical and electrolytic processes.
  • powder spraying thermal spray or cold spray
  • PVD vacuum deposition
  • electroplating and chemical plating are of particular interest in the cold rolling industry, since they are well adapted for the application of coatings with thickness in the appropriate range of 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the surface morphology of electroplated and chemical plated coatings is also very similar to that of EHC coatings, which is beneficial for the surface quality of the rolled sheet.
  • the treatment cost and processing time associated with the electroplating process for large parts is advantageous as compared, for instance, to vacuum deposition.
  • Electroplated alloyed metal coatings are usually based on co-deposition of an iron group metal (Fe, Ni, Co, Cr) with another alloy forming element.
  • iron group metal Fe, Ni, Co, Cr
  • Such alloys include Ni-P, Ni-B, Ni-Fe, Ni-Co, Ni-Cr, Ni-Mo, Ni-W, Co-P, Co-B, Co-W, Co-Mo, Co-Cr, Co-Fe, Cr-P, Cr-C, Fe-C, Fe-P, Fe-B, Fe-P-B.
  • Cermet coatings are obtained by co-deposition of metal or metal alloys and embedded non-metallic particles, which generally belong to, but are not limited to, carbides, nitrides, borides or oxides.
  • the hard particles further enhance the micro-hardness, load-bearing capacity and wear resistance of the coating.
  • Those heat treatments typically require temperatures in the range 300 to 500°C applied during minutes or hours.
  • FIG. 1 shows the evolution of the hardness of DIN 1.2363 steel samples during oven-annealing trials performed at different durations and temperatures.
  • the steel samples were initially heat-treated and quenched using a heat cycle representative for cold rolling rolls. It can be observed that, above 250°C, the steel hardness is significantly and prohibitively reduced with increasing annealing time.
  • FIG. 2 shows the hardness evolution of SIHARD TM R246 steel from SIJ Ravne Systems, initially induction-hardened to 720HV then oven-annealed in air under different conditions (temperature and time).
  • SIHARD TM R246 steel from SIJ Ravne Systems
  • Laser-based surface treatments of steel parts are described in the scientific literature and patents. Local heating of the surface by the laser beam has been applied for raising the surface temperature in the austenitisation range or even above the melting point, which can be exploited for surface hardening, texturing, or alloying. Laser-annealing has also been applied in some studies for annealing of steel parts with protective coatings applied by electroplating. In those references, the annealing is applied on the whole part or at least on a part of the substrate.
  • US 4,628,179 A to J. Crahay discloses a method for providing isotropic roughness on the surface of a rolling mill roll by focusing a continuous concentrated corpuscular beam, e.g. a laser beam or an electron beam, on the roll surface, guiding the beam to impinge on the roll surface in a helical path, and regulating the concentration of the beam, the relative speed of rotation of the roll, and the translation speed of the beam.
  • a continuous concentrated corpuscular beam e.g. a laser beam or an electron beam
  • the Cr- and Fe-based alloy deposits could be significantly hardened after rapid thermal annealing (RTA) at 500°C for a few seconds.
  • RTA rapid thermal annealing
  • the hardness values of the annealed Cr- and Fe-based alloy deposits increase with the increasing degree of crystallization of the C-related membranes.
  • the highest hardness of an alloy deposit was observed after RTA at 500°C for 10 s, and the highest hardness of 1205 Hv was found for the Cr-based alloy deposit prepared with 30 A dm-2.
  • Document US 2008/0102291 A1 discloses a method for coating a substrate.
  • the method includes applying a coating to a surface of the substrate, such as applying a metallic or cermet coating via a HVOF (High Velocity Oxygen Fuel) coating process, and locally heating the applied coating and a first portion of the substrate, for example via an induction heating process or a laser heating process.
  • the first portion includes the surface of the substrate and less than the entire substrate.
  • the method further includes cooling the applied coating and the first portion, for example by use of compressed or ambient air, or ambient water.
  • the present invention aims at proposing a methodology for the production of coated rolls, that meet the requirements for application for example in cold rolling for the steel industry.
  • a further aim of the invention is to achieve wear resistance of a coating that would match or, preferably, would exceed that of hard chromium coatings applied using the traditional electrolytic hard chrome process based on hexavalent chromium, and would further extend the related benefits thereof.
  • Still a further aim of the invention is a direct application to rolls intended for temper-rolling mills, including those at the end of continuous annealing and galvanizing lines and to tandem mills where rolls of certain stands are currently chrome-plated to reduce the friction and/or improve cleanliness.
  • the solution of the invention is also intended to bring added value for applications where thermally-sensitive metal objects need to be coated with a hard and wear-resistant coating, for instance to increase the mechanical durability of aluminum parts.
  • a first aspect of the present invention relates to a method of coating a thermally-sensitive metal object with a protective coating, comprising the following steps:
  • the method is further limited by one of the following characteristics or a suitable combination thereof:
  • a second aspect of the invention relates to a coated thermally-sensitive metal object, obtained by the method according to anyone of the preceding claims, characterised in that the thickness of the coating layer with improved mechanical property is comprised between 2 and 100 ⁇ m.
  • a DIN 1.2365 steel substrate heat-treated to achieve a hardness of 690HV, was used as substrate.
  • a nickel-phosphorus alloyed coating was applied on the substrate by electroplating using a commercial NiPhos 966 electrolyte commercialised by Umicore Galvanotechnik. Electrodeposition of the coating was performed at a current density of 5A/dm 2 for 30min at a temperature of 55°C.
  • the coating prepared under such conditions consisted of a Ni-P alloy with 10 ⁇ 1w%P, as measured by X-ray fluorescence.
  • Table 1 shows the micro-hardness values measured for the coating and substrate prior to annealing. Micro-hardness is measured according to a method which is well-known of the skilled person (Vickers method, ISO 6507/ ASTM E384). FIG. 3 shows a micro-hardness depth-profile of the sample measured to a depth of 3mm. The micro-hardness value reported in Table 1 for the substrate is the average of the 30 data points measured for the depth profile. As shown on Table 1, before annealing, the coating is softer than the substrate. Table 1. Micro-hardness comparison between coating and substrate in non-annealed condition Non annealed Ni-P coating applied by electroplating on a DIN 1.2363 steel substrate Micro-hardness (HV0.1) Coating 540 ⁇ 11 Substrate 685 ⁇ 10
  • micro-hardness of the coating increased to 1035HV. As shown on Table 2 and FIG. 4 , the micro-hardness depth-profile of the substrate is not significantly impacted by the superficial annealing treatment. Table 2. Micro-hardness comparison between substrate and coating after annealing Ni-P coating applied by electroplating on a DIN 1.2363 steel substrate after superficial annealing Micro-hardness (HV0.1) Coating 1035 ⁇ 19 Substrate 678 ⁇ 12
  • a DIN 1.2365 steel substrate, heat-treated to achieve a hardness of 800HV was coated with a nickel-phosphorus-SiC composite coating by electroplating.
  • 100g/L of SiC powder (Alpha silicon carbide Grade UF-05, H.C. Starck) was added to the NiPhos 966 electrolyte and kept in suspension using appropriate stirring conditions. Electrodeposition of the coating was performed at a current density of 5A/dm 2 and temperature of 55°C for 30min.
  • the cermet coating consists of a Ni-P-SiC alloy with 9w%P in the metal matrix and 15vol% of incorporated SiC. Table 3 shows the average hardness of the coating and substrate without annealing.
  • the coated sample was hardened using laser-annealing.
  • Laser-annealing was performed with a laser power of 320W and a linear velocity of the beam with respect to the sample surface of 1300 mm/min.
  • Oven-annealing was performed by introducing the coated sample in a furnace pre-heated at 390°C. The sample was left at 390°C for 60min in air then withdrawn from the oven and allowed to cool down to room temperature.
  • FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 show the micro-hardness depth profile of the substrate measured, respectively, after laser-annealing and oven annealing.
  • the substrate micro-hardness after laser-annealing is not significantly impacted by the superficial annealing treatment. In contrast, softening of the substrate is observed throughout the sample in the case of oven-annealing. Table 4.
  • the hardening is associated with a recrystallisation of the initially amorphous coating and precipitation of Ni3P, with the presence of silicon carbide particles, as observed using X-ray diffraction. This is illustrated on FIG. 8 .
  • a heat-treated AISI C45 steel substrate with hardness 810 ⁇ 25 HV was coated with a Ni-P alloyed coating by electroless plating using the prior art procedure.
  • the coating operation was performed according to the commercial Kanigen TM process.
  • the coating consists of a Ni-P alloy with 8.7 ⁇ 0.2w%P, as measured by X-ray fluorescence.
  • Table 5 shows the average micro-hardness of the coating and substrate before annealing. As shown on Table 5, prior to annealing, the coating is softer than the substrate.
  • FIG. 9 shows a micro-hardness depth-profile of the sample. Table 5.
  • Micro-hardness comparison between electroless Ni-P coating and substrate in non-annealed condition Non-annealed Ni-P coating applied by Kanigen TM electroless plating
  • the coated sample was hardened using laser-annealing.
  • Laser-annealing was performed with a laser power of 380W and a linear velocity of the beam with respect to the sample surface of 1300 mm/min.
  • a sample was oven-annealed using the procedure described above.
  • FIG. 10 shows the micro-hardness depth-profile of the samples. A softening of the substrate is observed, limited to a superficial region of 0.5mm depth.
  • FIG. 11 also shows the depth profile of an identical sample which was oven-annealed for 1h at 390 ⁇ 10°C. Hardening of the coating is observed and reaches 1010 ⁇ 21HV. Softening of the substrate is observed throughout the sample (512 ⁇ 20HV). Table 6.
  • a SIHARD TM R246 steel rod supplied by SIJ Ravne Systems, induction-hardened to achieve a hardness of 65HRC over a depth of 3mm was used as substrate.
  • the latter was coated with a chromium layer electroplated from a trivalent chromium electrolyte composed of 0.39 M CrCl 3 ⁇ 6H2O, 3.72 M NH 4 COOH and 0.81 M KCl.
  • the electroplating process was performed at a temperature of 35°C and a current density of 50A/dm 2 for 45min.
  • Table 6 shows the micro-hardness values measured for the coating and substrate (average of 30 measurements over a depth of 3mm from the surface) in the absence of annealing.
  • the coated substrate was superficially annealed using laser-annealing.
  • Laser-annealing was performed with a laser power of 250W and a linear velocity of the beam with respect to the sample surface of 1400 mm/min.
  • the hardness of the coating increased to 1119 ⁇ 50.
  • Table 7 and FIG. 13 the hardness depth profile of the substrate is not significantly impacted by the superficial annealing Table 7.
  • Micro-hardness comparison between substrate and coating after annealing Chromium coating applied by electroplating, after superficial laser-annealing Micro-hardness (HV0.1) Coating 1119 ⁇ 50 Substrate 781 ⁇ 86

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
  • Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
EP22202105.7A 2022-10-18 2022-10-18 Arbeitswalzenbeschichtung und verfahren zur herstellung davon Pending EP4357487A1 (de)

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Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2643221A (en) 1950-11-30 1953-06-23 Us Army Electrodeposition of phosphorusnickel and phosphorus-cobalt alloys
US4628179A (en) 1983-03-11 1986-12-09 Centre de Recherches Metalurgiques-Centrum Voor Research in de Metallurgie Method of improving the state of the surface of a roll
WO2000061838A2 (en) 1999-04-12 2000-10-19 Shining Surface Systems, Inc. Method for depositing ni-co and ni-fe-co alloys
US20080102291A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Caterpillar Inc. Method for coating a substrate
US20090178736A1 (en) 2008-01-16 2009-07-16 Smith Blair A Article having cobalt-phosphorous coating and method for heat treating
US20130061916A1 (en) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-14 International Business Machines Corporation Photovoltaic cells with copper grid
WO2014111616A1 (en) 2013-01-15 2014-07-24 Savroc Ltd Method for producing a chromium coating on a metal substrate
US20150166802A1 (en) * 2012-07-12 2015-06-18 Intrinsiq Materials Ltd. Composition for forming a seed layer
US20180363147A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-12-20 Posco Method for coating steel plate with metal and metal-coated steel plate manufactured using same
EP3167100B1 (de) * 2014-07-11 2020-02-26 Savroc Ltd Chromhaltige beschichtung und beschichtetes objekt

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2643221A (en) 1950-11-30 1953-06-23 Us Army Electrodeposition of phosphorusnickel and phosphorus-cobalt alloys
US4628179A (en) 1983-03-11 1986-12-09 Centre de Recherches Metalurgiques-Centrum Voor Research in de Metallurgie Method of improving the state of the surface of a roll
WO2000061838A2 (en) 1999-04-12 2000-10-19 Shining Surface Systems, Inc. Method for depositing ni-co and ni-fe-co alloys
US20080102291A1 (en) 2006-10-31 2008-05-01 Caterpillar Inc. Method for coating a substrate
US20090178736A1 (en) 2008-01-16 2009-07-16 Smith Blair A Article having cobalt-phosphorous coating and method for heat treating
US20130061916A1 (en) * 2011-09-14 2013-03-14 International Business Machines Corporation Photovoltaic cells with copper grid
US20150166802A1 (en) * 2012-07-12 2015-06-18 Intrinsiq Materials Ltd. Composition for forming a seed layer
WO2014111616A1 (en) 2013-01-15 2014-07-24 Savroc Ltd Method for producing a chromium coating on a metal substrate
EP3167100B1 (de) * 2014-07-11 2020-02-26 Savroc Ltd Chromhaltige beschichtung und beschichtetes objekt
US20180363147A1 (en) * 2015-12-15 2018-12-20 Posco Method for coating steel plate with metal and metal-coated steel plate manufactured using same

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
C.A. HUANG ET AL.: "Microstructure study of the hardening mechanism of Cr-Ni alloy deposits after flame heating for a few seconds", SURF. COAT. TECHNOL., vol. 206, 2011, pages 325 - 329, XP028283853, DOI: 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2011.07.024
Q. ZHANG: "Pulse laser assisted composite electroless deposit to prepare ceramic coating", PHYSICS PROCED, vol. 5, 2010, pages 327 - 332, XP027558231
ZHANG QUNLI ET AL: "Pulse laser assisted composite electroless deposit to prepare ceramic coating", PHYSICS PROCEDIA, vol. 5, 1 January 2010 (2010-01-01), AMSTERDAM, NL, pages 327 - 332, XP093029120, ISSN: 1875-3892, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://pdf.sciencedirectassets.com/277348/1-s2.0-S1875389210X00098/1-s2.0-S1875389210005791/main.pdf?X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEFoaCXVzLWVhc3QtMSJIMEYCIQCxTkwoP8iz9EZUE8g4sBw6Mu37bW/k0qjKXdtR+cMoXQIhAP7baa1Eop7NSmTWeYlWnEZm2kTeuBjK7ZHu7rQOAJdIKrIFCBMQBRoMMDU5MDAzNTQ2ODY1Igw7LVOYDs3e4LLhM> [retrieved on 20230306], DOI: 10.1016/j.phpro.2010.08.153 *

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