EP4331237A1 - Réseau de microphones - Google Patents

Réseau de microphones

Info

Publication number
EP4331237A1
EP4331237A1 EP22724441.5A EP22724441A EP4331237A1 EP 4331237 A1 EP4331237 A1 EP 4331237A1 EP 22724441 A EP22724441 A EP 22724441A EP 4331237 A1 EP4331237 A1 EP 4331237A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microphone
capsules
microphone capsules
kis
microphone array
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22724441.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marios Athineos
Eugen Rasumow
Alexander Krüger
Alexander Nowak
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sennheiser Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Sennheiser Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sennheiser Electronic GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Sennheiser Electronic GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP4331237A1 publication Critical patent/EP4331237A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/20—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics
    • H04R1/32—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only
    • H04R1/40—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers
    • H04R1/406—Arrangements for obtaining desired frequency or directional characteristics for obtaining desired directional characteristic only by combining a number of identical transducers microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/02—Casings; Cabinets ; Supports therefor; Mountings therein
    • H04R1/04—Structural association of microphone with electric circuitry therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10L—SPEECH ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES OR SPEECH SYNTHESIS; SPEECH RECOGNITION; SPEECH OR VOICE PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; SPEECH OR AUDIO CODING OR DECODING
    • G10L25/00—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00
    • G10L25/03—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters
    • G10L25/18—Speech or voice analysis techniques not restricted to a single one of groups G10L15/00 - G10L21/00 characterised by the type of extracted parameters the extracted parameters being spectral information of each sub-band
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/08—Mouthpieces; Microphones; Attachments therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2201/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R1/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/40—Details of arrangements for obtaining desired directional characteristic by combining a number of identical transducers covered by H04R1/40 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2201/401—2D or 3D arrays of transducers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2203/00—Details of circuits for transducers, loudspeakers or microphones covered by H04R3/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2203/12—Beamforming aspects for stereophonic sound reproduction with loudspeaker arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2307/00—Details of diaphragms or cones for electromechanical transducers, their suspension or their manufacture covered by H04R7/00 or H04R31/003, not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2307/027—Diaphragms comprising metallic materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2430/00—Signal processing covered by H04R, not provided for in its groups
    • H04R2430/20—Processing of the output signals of the acoustic transducers of an array for obtaining a desired directivity characteristic
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R29/00—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements
    • H04R29/004—Monitoring arrangements; Testing arrangements for microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R3/00—Circuits for transducers
    • H04R3/005—Circuits for transducers for combining the signals of two or more microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R5/00—Stereophonic arrangements
    • H04R5/027—Spatial or constructional arrangements of microphones, e.g. in dummy heads
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/02—Details
    • H04R9/025—Magnetic circuit
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R9/00—Transducers of moving-coil, moving-strip, or moving-wire type
    • H04R9/08—Microphones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04S—STEREOPHONIC SYSTEMS 
    • H04S2400/00—Details of stereophonic systems covered by H04S but not provided for in its groups
    • H04S2400/15—Aspects of sound capture and related signal processing for recording or reproduction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a microphone array, in particular an arrangement of a plurality of microphone capsules which interact as an array for recording sound.
  • Microphone arrays are often used, for example, for beamforming, noise suppression or for acoustic source searches. They contain multiple microphone capsules whose output signals are electronically interconnected to work together to pick up sound in a directed manner.
  • a preferred direction can be generated by the type of interconnection, in which the sensitivity of the microphone array for audio recordings is particularly high. Due to the electronic combination of the individual microphone signals, this preferred direction can be set electronically, which means that the preferred direction can be changed with a very short response time.
  • a microphone array does not necessarily have good directivity for all directions, but often has one or more fixed preferred directions that depend on the arrangement of the microphone capsules. In addition, microphone arrays do not have the same effect for all frequencies, but show a frequency dependency.
  • a very important aspect of a microphone array is therefore the geometric arrangement of the microphone capsules on the microphone surface: With a fixed number of microphone capsules, they should cover as many inter-element distances as possible, i.e. distances between individual microphone capsules of an array, in as many different directions as possible.
  • a large number of microphone capsules are often combined with one another, for example for microphone arrays that can be mounted on room ceilings, in order to be able to record as many different preferred directions and a specific frequency range as possible. This is often the range of speech frequencies, eg 100Hz-10kHz.
  • Typical procedures in this field are heuristic and therefore very complex searches by "trying out” all conceivable, analytically describable manifolds, such as lines, circles, spirals, etc. and numerical simulation.
  • US Pat. No. 6,205,224 B1 at least 63 sensor elements such as antennas or microphone capsules are arranged on concentric circles and, at the same time, on spirals in order to enable largely direction-independent and broadband detection with high directivity.
  • the directional and frequency properties of a sensor arrangement are represented by means of a so-called coarray, which shows inter-element distances and the direction of these distances.
  • thirty microphone capsules are also distributed evenly over the surface of a hexagonal printed circuit board for direction-independent and broadband detection, several of which can then be interconnected.
  • US2016/0323668 A1 too, numerous microphone capsules are connected together to form a microphone array and are distributed largely evenly over a number of circuit boards.
  • a central circuit board contains 64 microphone capsules, while each of 7 circuit boards arranged in a circle around it contains a further 8 microphone capsules, resulting in a total of 120 microphone capsules. In all of these cases, there is a high computational effort due to the large number of microphone signals and a large microphone array overall.
  • a strategy different from that in the documents mentioned is therefore to use as few microphone capsules as possible for an array.
  • the microphone capsules In order to reduce the noise in this case or to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the microphone capsules must produce as little noise as possible, ie be of high quality.
  • SNR signal-to-noise ratio
  • the electro-acoustic properties of all microphone capsules in an array must also be largely identical within tight tolerances.
  • a number-theoretic approach to minimizing the number of microphone capsules and their positioning is pursued in DE10 2010 012388 A1 by positioning them on intersections of Golomb rulers. Although this leads to a reduction in the number of microphone capsules, it also results in a directional characteristic that is not uniform in all directions due to the asymmetrical distribution.
  • US Pat. No. 9,894,434 B2 describes a microphone array with 17 microphone capsules, which are arranged on the diagonals of a relatively large square area of approximately 60 ⁇ 60 cm. This size is typical for most of the arrays mentioned. Furthermore, most of the arrays mentioned have the problem that they are susceptible to even small incorrect positioning of the microphone capsules and cannot be scaled in size without disturbing non-linear effects occurring. In the field of seismology, investigations into sensor arrays have been carried out for a long time. The article "Array Design" by R.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying the smallest possible microphone array with as few microphone capsules as possible, but which is more robust against small incorrect positioning of the capsules, has a high and direction-independent directivity and a substantially uniform frequency dependence over a voice frequency range and can be used as a ceiling microphone.
  • the object is achieved by a microphone array according to claim 1.
  • a microphone array has a small number of microphone capsules, in particular fifteen or twenty-one microphone capsules, and a circuit arrangement which is connected to the microphone capsules and is suitable for receiving the microphone signals and for their joint processing.
  • the microphone capsules are arranged in a plane at specific positions on a carrier, namely on three similar branches, each with the same number of microphone capsules, with the branches being rotated by 120° relative to one another about a common center, and with, in a plane isometric coordinate system with three axes rotated by 120° against each other, which form a so-called L2 grid (L2 lattice). form equilateral triangles, each of the microphone capsules lies on a corner of a triangle of the L2 grid.
  • L2 grid L2 lattice
  • An advantage of the array according to the invention is the good and uniform directivity over the entire relevant voice frequency range and in all directions, as can be calculated using coarrays.
  • further advantages of the array according to the invention also include the relatively high level of robustness with regard to small incorrect positioning of microphone capsules, the small size of the array and therefore lower costs, and the relatively free possibility of size scaling.
  • FIG. 1 shows an arrangement of fifteen microphone capsules in a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of fifteen microphone capsules in a second embodiment of the invention, which is mirror-symmetric to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 shows a coarray of an arrangement of microphone capsules according to the first or second embodiment
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary arrangement of printed circuit boards for an arrangement of the microphone capsules according to the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of twenty-one microphone capsules in a third embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows an arrangement of six microphone capsules in a fourth embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 shows a block diagram of a microphone array. Detailed description of the invention
  • the microphone capsules are arranged in three equal groups on congruent branches which are each rotated by 120° with respect to one another.
  • the first branch includes the capsules Kis,n, Kis,i2, Kis,i3, Kis,i4, and Ki5,is.
  • the second branch includes the capsules Kis,2i - Kis,25 and the third branch the capsules Kis,3i - Kis,35.
  • a Cartesian coordinate system X,Y is given for orientation, but the capsules lie on the intersection points of an isometric coordinate system which is also given in FIG.
  • the isometric coordinate system has three axes L0, L1, L2 offset by 60° in one plane and consists of equilateral triangles. The sides of each of these triangles are each parallel to one of the axes L0, L1 or L2.
  • that corner of the central triangle DM is chosen arbitrarily, which is opposite its side parallel to the L0 axis.
  • Positions in the isometric coordinate system are specified as multiples of the side lengths of the equilateral triangles.
  • the microphone capsules are in the following positions: In Cartesian coordinates (X, Y), depending on the scale, the following values result (e.g. for a side length of the triangles or isometric unit of length of 0.05 m, as shown in Fig. 1; unit: meter):
  • the scale should be chosen so that the smallest distance between two microphone capsules corresponds to the length of the sides of the triangles of the isometric coordinate system.
  • the microphone array shown in FIG. 1 therefore has a diameter of approximately 35 cm.
  • the positions apply to the coordinate systems indicated in FIG. 1 and naturally deviate numerically when the coordinate systems or the array are rotated or when a different reference point is selected. Also, in the isometric coordinate system, the positions can be reached in different ways (since the axes are not orthogonal to each other), resulting in different but equivalent coordinates. For example, (1 ,1 ,0), (0,2,-1), (2,0,1), (3,-1 ,2) and other other coordinates define the same point. Some equivalent variants can be mapped onto the arrangement shown in FIG. 1 by rotation about the center point. 2 shows an arrangement of fifteen microphone capsules on a carrier T' in a second embodiment of the invention, which is mirror-symmetric to the first embodiment.
  • the mirror symmetry is along the Y-axis.
  • identical but rotated variants can be produced by mirroring the arrangement according to the first embodiment on any axis. Because the sensitivity of the array can be set largely uniformly in all directions, all of these variants are equivalent, ie result in the same coarray, and are therefore identical to either the first or the second embodiment.
  • the isometric coordinate system can e.g. B. for a given arrangement or a given base area, in that three external positions lie on a straight line (e.g.
  • Kis,n, Kis,i2, Kis,i3 or K'15,21 , K'15,22, K'15,23) which is parallel to one of the axes L0,L1,L2 of the isometric coordinate system.
  • the distances between two adjacent positions in this Groups of three correspond to the side lengths of the triangles and thus to a unit of the isometric coordinate system.
  • each point in the coarray means that there is at least one pair of microphone capsules in the array whose relative position to each other is the same as the position of this coarray point relative to the coarray center CM.
  • Each point thus also represents a possible direction of incidence and wavelength of sound waves, which can be processed by the microphone array with precise direction, i.e.
  • a hole in the coarray would mean that the microphone array would not be able to process sound waves with the appropriate direction of incidence and wavelength in the correct direction. However, it is generally not possible to infer a unique associated microphone arrangement directly from a coarray.
  • the coarray of the microphone arrangement according to the invention has the advantageous property that (at least in the interior of the coarray) each coarray point has six neighboring points arranged evenly around it and each at the same distance from itself. This allows the size of the microphone array to be scaled to the wavelengths of interest.
  • the coarray points with the smallest distance to the origin indicate the highest spatially unambiguously resolvable frequency before undersampling sets in, ie below the so-called "spatial aliasing". Accordingly, the coarray points with the greatest distance to the origin determine the performance of the beamformer for low frequencies.
  • An advantage of the invention is that the microphone capsules are not evenly distributed over the entire area of the array, but form groups. This means that relatively large parts of the area do not have to be covered by circuit boards or printed circuit boards for contacting the capsules. In particular, it is not necessary to provide a circuit board or group of circuit boards in the size of the entire arrangement.
  • FIG. 4 shows an exemplary arrangement of three identical circuit boards P1, P2, P3 for an arrangement of the microphone capsules according to the first embodiment.
  • the circuit boards P1-P3, each containing five microphone capsules of a branch, are rotated by 120° and arranged on a carrier.
  • Other components such as a processing unit with one or more processors, AD converters, etc. can also be arranged on these boards.
  • each of the three boards P1-P3 with, for example, two sub-boards P1 I, P12, P2I, P22, P3I, P32 in order to further reduce the overall board area.
  • This is advantageous when the total area of the array and thus the (sub)boards is large compared to the area required for the components.
  • at least three sub-boards are the same, e.g. B. P1i, P2i and P3i.
  • the boards or at least the capsule-carrying boards) make up less than half of the total area of the array.
  • FIG. 5 shows an arrangement of twenty-one microphone capsules in a third embodiment of the invention.
  • the quality of the sound recording due to the larger Number of microphone capsules can be even better.
  • the microphone capsules are in the following positions (whereby equivalent variants can also be generated here by mirroring on an axis and/or rotation):
  • the microphone capsules can be distributed very compactly, for example on two circuit boards per branch.
  • a possibility for one of the circuit boards P21, 1 with five capsules K21.11-K21, 15 of the first branch is shown in FIG.
  • the other two capsules K21, ie, K2i, 17 are close together and can therefore also be mounted very compactly on a second circuit board (not shown).
  • the necessary additional electronic components can be accommodated on one of the two circuit boards and/or on a possible additional, central circuit board (not shown) in the middle of the array.
  • the other two branches are congruent, each rotated by 120° and can use boards of the same type (i.e. boards with the same layout) as the first branch.
  • a possible central board can be shared.
  • it is possible that at least the circuit boards carrying the capsule make up less than half of the total area of the array (depending on the space required by the other components).
  • the maximum inter-element spacing is important for locatability of sound sources and generation of directivity at low frequencies, while the minimum inter-element spacing (ie, scale L) is important for locatability and generation of directivity at high frequencies.
  • scale L is important for locatability and generation of directivity at high frequencies.
  • FIG. 6 shows an arrangement of six microphone capsules in a fourth embodiment.
  • This variant is particularly suitable for very small microphone arrays, which can be placed on a conference table, for example, while the embodiments described above are well suited for mounting on ceilings and walls.
  • the quality of the directivity and the localization of the sound sources is not as good as for the variants described above due to the small number of microphone capsules, but better than with other comparable arrangements with only six capsules.
  • the microphone capsules are in the following positions (whereby equivalent variants can also be generated here by mirroring on an axis and/or rotation):
  • FIG. 7 shows an exemplary block diagram of a microphone array, which can correspond to the first or second specific embodiment, for example.
  • Other embodiments have a different number of microphone capsules per branch and/or a further subdivision of the boards of each branch into sub-boards.
  • Three circuit boards P1, P2, P3 are each of identical construction and are rotated by 120° relative to one another on the carrier T, as shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 4, respectively.
  • Each of these boards contains the same number of microphone capsules Ki5,n-Ki5,i5, whose signals are given to respective analog-to-digital converters AD1-AD5, which are also located on the same board.
  • AD1-AD5 analog-to-digital converter
  • individual digital processing blocks DP1-DP5 and/or common processing blocks SP1 can be present on the board, e.g. B. Processors. These can, for example, filter the digitized microphone signals.
  • Digital output signals S1-S3 of the boards are given to a central board CP, where a processor unit performs the audio processing AP of the array, in particular the beamforming (beamforming).
  • the array's audio processing AP can perform an acoustic search of a (main) sound source in real time in order to align the resulting array beam in the direction of the (main) sound source. To do this, it can optionally report signals SD1-SD3 back to the boards P1-P3.
  • the resulting digital output signal of the array is output.
  • An analog output signal can also be output as an option.
  • the carrier can, for example, comprise one or more fixed or reverberant plates made of metal, plastic or the like.
  • the carrier is a metal or plastic plate with holes through which the sound can reach the microphone capsules (in the case of the installed ceiling microphone, from the underside).
  • the plate is sound-reflecting, so that the sound pressure at the microphone capsules is increased by up to 6 dB and the array works as a boundary layer microphone.
  • the arrangement of the microphone capsules according to the invention allows small deviations from the specified position of, for example, up to 0.5 mm, which makes assembly easier and therefore cheaper. Conventionally, higher accuracy is required here in order to achieve a certain audio quality.
  • the Microphone capsules can also be mounted on at least two groups of three similar (sub) boards PCB1 1 - PCB3. 2 must be attached, with each branch having one circuit board from each group.
  • Each (sub) board can contain at least two microphone capsules.
  • a central area of the array between the three circuit boards or groups of circuit boards rotated relative to one another may contain no circuit board or a circuit board without a microphone capsule.
  • an additional microphone capsule can be located in the middle, increasing the total number of capsules. The other positions remain unchanged.
  • the modified first and second embodiments have sixteen microphone capsules
  • the modified third embodiment has twenty-two capsules
  • the modified fourth embodiment has seven capsules.
  • Such a central capsule has the advantage that it picks up a sound signal at the position of the highest sound pressure (dynamic pressure) and thus improves the directivity and the signal-to-noise ratio for the entire array.
  • dynamic pressure dynamic pressure
  • such an additional central capsule does not lie on a point of the L2 lattice and therefore leads to an asymmetrical co-array with holes, so that the array has a non-uniform directivity and is no longer easily scalable in size.
  • Electret capsules are particularly suitable as microphone capsules.
  • Each microphone signal can be individually corrected or normalized, for example by means of filtering in the individual digital processing blocks DP1-DP5.
  • the corresponding filter parameters depend on the properties of the respective microphone capsule, for example phase response and frequency response. Therefore, those electret capsules that have an internal memory element with corresponding correction data from which the filter parameters can be determined are particularly well suited.
  • the filter parameters can be influenced by the examined or detected direction of the sound source (ie the localization of the sound sources or the beamforming).
  • the localization of sound sources and the actual sound recording of the main sound source can be separate processes. It is possible to use only some of the microphone capsules for localization in order to keep the processing effort low, while all capsules are used for the actual sound recording.
  • An advantage of the microphone arrays according to the invention is the good directivity and the high signal-to-noise ratio, ie good noise suppression.
  • this relationship is non-linear, also dependent on the position of the microphone capsules and is therefore difficult to predict.
  • the microphone arrays according to the invention with fifteen or twenty-one microphone capsules show a good and uniform directivity over all relevant frequency components and directions of incidence of the sound, or very good noise suppression measured by the small number of microphone capsules, and are particularly well suited for ceiling microphones.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Computational Linguistics (AREA)
  • Obtaining Desirable Characteristics In Audible-Bandwidth Transducers (AREA)
  • Circuit For Audible Band Transducer (AREA)

Abstract

Des réseaux de microphones contiennent de multiples capsules de microphone dont les signaux de sortie sont reliés électroniquement les uns aux autres afin de capturer le son d'une manière dirigée. Les propriétés de direction et de fréquence du réseau de microphones sont basées sur le nombre et les positions des capsules de microphone. L'objectif de l'invention est de créer un réseau de microphones aussi petit que possible et ne comportant que quelques capsules de microphone tout en présentant une dépendance de fréquence et de fréquence sensiblement uniforme sur une plage de fréquences vocales et qui présente une taille évolutive et qui est robuste vis-à-vis d'un positionnement légèrement incorrect des capsules. Ceci est réalisé par quinze ou vingt-une capsule de microphone (K15,11 - K15,35, K21,11 - K21,37) disposés sur un support (T, T') de sorte que les capsules de microphone reposent sur trois branches identiques, dont chacune est tournée de 120° par rapport aux autres branches, de telle sorte que le même nombre de capsules de microphone se trouve sur chaque branche. Dans un système de coordonnées isométrique plat à trois axes (L0, L1, L2), dont chacun est tourné de 120° par rapport aux autres axes et qui forme une grille L2 de triangles équilatéraux, chacune des capsules de microphone se trouve sur un coin d'un triangle de la grille L2.
EP22724441.5A 2021-04-28 2022-04-20 Réseau de microphones Pending EP4331237A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US17/242,556 US11671751B2 (en) 2021-04-28 2021-04-28 Microphone array
PCT/EP2022/060420 WO2022228966A1 (fr) 2021-04-28 2022-04-20 Réseau de microphones

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4331237A1 true EP4331237A1 (fr) 2024-03-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP22724441.5A Pending EP4331237A1 (fr) 2021-04-28 2022-04-20 Réseau de microphones

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CN117223295A (zh) 2023-12-12
KR20240000518A (ko) 2024-01-02

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