EP4327406A1 - Module d'antenne pour véhicule automobile - Google Patents

Module d'antenne pour véhicule automobile

Info

Publication number
EP4327406A1
EP4327406A1 EP22709174.1A EP22709174A EP4327406A1 EP 4327406 A1 EP4327406 A1 EP 4327406A1 EP 22709174 A EP22709174 A EP 22709174A EP 4327406 A1 EP4327406 A1 EP 4327406A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
lte
module
circuit board
telephone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22709174.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Guy-Aymar Chakam
Benjamin Becker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
Original Assignee
Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH filed Critical Continental Automotive Technologies GmbH
Publication of EP4327406A1 publication Critical patent/EP4327406A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3275—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle mounted on a horizontal surface of the vehicle, e.g. on roof, hood, trunk
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/362—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith for broadside radiating helical antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
    • H01Q1/521—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure reducing the coupling between adjacent antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/28—Combinations of substantially independent non-interacting antenna units or systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
    • H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
    • H01Q5/378—Combination of fed elements with parasitic elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna module for a motor vehicle, the antenna module having at least one AM antenna, FM antenna and DAB antenna.
  • additional antennas have to be integrated today.
  • additional antennas are, for example, WLAN antennas, V-to-X antennas, antennas for providing a mobile phone or Internet connection, which can also be used as an e-call antenna, or antennas for providing location services, such as Example of a GNSS antenna.
  • Several antennas for example an AM antenna, an FM antenna and a DAB antenna, are particularly advantageous for radio reception. It would be desirable to be able to accommodate as many antennas as compactly as possible on the one hand, and also together as a module in the smallest possible installation space.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide an antenna module for a motor vehicle which makes it possible to provide as many different functions as possible in the smallest possible space. This object is achieved by an antenna module having the features according to patent claim 1.
  • Advantageous refinements of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent patent claims, the description and the figures.
  • An inventive antenna module for a motor vehicle has an antenna unit with at least one AM antenna, FM antenna and DAB antenna, the AM antenna and the FM antenna being designed as a combined AM-FM antenna, the antenna unit has at least one first circuit board with a first surface in a first direction and a first width in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, wherein on the at least one first circuit board Flelix antenna windings of the AM-FM antenna, which is at least partially designed as a planar Flelix antenna Antenna and / or DAB antenna are arranged, and wherein the Flelix turns run mostly in the second direction.
  • the phone LTE 5G antenna is arranged on a second circuit board with a second plane in the first direction and a second width in a third direction different from the first and second directions.
  • the invention is based on the finding that this design of the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna on the one hand makes it possible to provide an electrically very small AM-FM antenna and DAB antenna, and that this described design also allows further
  • antennas for example a telephone LTE-5G antenna, essentially perpendicular to the Flelix windings of the AM-FM antenna or the DAB antenna, thereby ensuring maximum decoupling between such a telephone LTE-5G antenna and the Antenna unit can be provided.
  • This allows another antenna, such as preferably such a telephone LTE 5G antenna, to be placed extremely close to the antenna unit, for example in the range of a few centimetres, or even a few millimetres.
  • both the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna can be provided in an extremely compact manner by being designed at least partially as a planar Flelix antenna, which in turn enables the antenna unit to be provided in an extremely compact manner.
  • An antenna module can thus be provided for the first time, in which at least a first telephone LTE 5G antenna and a radio antenna unit with an AM antenna, FM antenna and a DAB antenna can be integrated, in an extremely small space. Accordingly, it represents a further advantageous embodiment of the invention when the antenna module also has at least one telephone LTE 5G antenna, which is arranged on a second circuit board with a second height in the first direction and a second width in a third direction , which is different from the first and second direction.
  • a telephone LTE 5G antenna should be understood to mean an antenna for sending and receiving signals according to a mobile radio standard, in particular according to the LTE (Long Term Evolution) standard and 5G standard and optionally also the 4G standard and/or GSM standard.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • 5G Long Term Evolution
  • MIMO Multiple In Multiple Out
  • more antennas can also be used to provide communication in accordance with a radio standard with higher transmission rates, e.g. 5G.
  • communication according to the 4G standard can be provided by two such antennas, and communication according to the 5G standard by four such antennas.
  • telephone LTE 5G antenna should therefore be understood to mean that these telephone LTE 5G antennas can be used for communication in accordance with the 5G standard, but not that a single such antenna would already be sufficient for this. However, mobile communication with lower data transmission rates than according to the 5G standard can already be provided with a single such telephone LTE 5G antenna.
  • An AM (amplitude modulation) antenna is to be understood in particular as an antenna which is designed for transmitting and receiving signals in the medium wave range, in particular at approximately 0.5 megahertz to approximately 2 MHz.
  • an FM (frequency modulation) antenna is designed to receive and/or transmit signals in the range between 87.5 megahertz and 108 megahertz, and a DAB (digital audio broadcasting) antenna signals in the range between 174 megahertz and approx. receive and/or transmit at 240 megahertz.
  • a combined AM-FM antenna is to be understood as meaning an antenna in which the AM antenna and the FM antenna have a common base point.
  • the AM antenna and the FM antenna can also be the corresponding ones on the at least one first circuit board arranged helix antenna turns share.
  • an additional roof capacity as part of the AM-FM antenna or the DAB antenna allows the design of the antenna unit to be further reduced, as will be described in more detail later.
  • the AM-FM antenna or the DAB antenna can also be designed in two parts, with one part being provided by the top capacitance and the other part by the corresponding helix antenna windings.
  • both the combined AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna can be provided as respective planar helix antennas, ie apart from the respective top capacities.
  • the AM-FM antenna can be implemented on a different circuit board than the DAB antenna, or on the same circuit board.
  • the second case is particularly preferred since this enables the antenna unit to be designed in a significantly more compact manner. Accordingly, it represents a further advantageous embodiment of the invention when the helical antenna windings of the DAB antenna and the AM/FM antenna are arranged on the common first circuit board. It is also advantageous if the helical antenna windings of the DAB antenna and the AM/FM antenna are arranged next to one another in the second direction.
  • the configuration of the helical antenna windings to take into account the direction of rotation of the helical antenna windings, since this direction of rotation influences the coupling between the individual antennas and thus the efficiency profile of the antennas.
  • the same direction of rotation of the helical antenna windings for the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna is preferred.
  • a mutually opposite direction of rotation is also conceivable.
  • the AM-FM antenna has a first roof capacitance, which is arranged in the first direction above the first circuit board and which is connected to the helical antenna windings of the AM-FM Antenna is galvanically coupled, in particular wherein the DAB antenna has a second top capacitance, which is arranged on a board edge of the first board in the first direction above the helical antenna turns of the DAB antenna and galvanically connected to the helical antenna turns of the DAB antenna is.
  • the DAB antenna and the AM-FM antenna could also use a common roof capacity, ie be galvanically connected to a common roof capacity.
  • the DAB antenna is assigned a separate second roof capacitance, improved decoupling can in turn be provided.
  • the second roof capacitance can therefore itself be made very small and, for example, be limited to the circuit board edge mentioned, which represents at least part of a side edge of the first circuit board.
  • the first roof capacitance is preferably not located on the first circuit board itself, but is provided, for example, by a separate area above this first circuit board. There are several ways to couple the first roof capacitance to the first circuit board.
  • the coupling preferably takes place via an electrically conductive element, which preferably enables tolerance compensation in the first direction.
  • the coupling can take place via a spring or a contact foam.
  • Such a contact foam then comprises, for example, metallic particles in order to be electrically conductive.
  • the contacting of the first roof capacity of the AM-FM-DAB antenna can also be done differently, for Example by clamping.
  • This roof capacity can be implemented, for example, as a mounted, for example stamped or deep-drawn, sheet metal or as a glued film on a carrier. It can also be printed on a carrier.
  • This carrier can be a protective cap, for example, in which the module components of the antenna module are arranged.
  • the invention and its embodiments advantageously make it possible to provide an antenna module with numerous antennas in an extremely small space, it is preferable to accommodate this antenna module in a roof area of a motor vehicle under an outer hood of the motor vehicle, which is also referred to as a shark fin.
  • Said protective cap is then located below this outer hood.
  • the top capacity in particular the first top capacity, can then be arranged, for example, on the protective cap or also integrated into the outer hood, ie the shark fin itself.
  • the roof capacity can also be provided only as a foil, which is arranged on a corresponding carrier. In this case, the foil can also be provided with a conductor track structure.
  • Such a conductor track structure can be designed as a resonant conductor track structure and improve the decoupling.
  • the AM-FM antenna has a higher efficiency in a first specific frequency range than in a specific second frequency range, in particular with the first specific frequency range corresponding to the FM frequency range and the second frequency range to the DAB frequency range .
  • the DAB antenna has a lower efficiency in the first frequency range than the AM-FM antenna and a lower efficiency than in the second efficiency range, in which the DAB antenna also has a higher efficiency than the AM-FM -Has antenna. This can be provided by a geometric design of the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antennas. Due to these different efficiency ranges, a natural decoupling of the DAB antenna from the AM/FM antenna can be provided.
  • the DAB antenna is preferably designed so that it has a series and parallel resonance within the DAB frequency band, i.e. the second frequency range, while the AM-FM antenna is designed so that it only has a series resonance within the FM -Frequency band, that is, the first frequency range has.
  • the FM antenna also has one at the base significantly lower efficiency at least in a sub-range of the DAB band, whereby a natural decoupling to the DAB antenna can be provided at least in a sub-range of the DAB band. This dictates its design by placing the parallel resonance of this AM-FM antenna close to the beginning of the DAB band.
  • the DAB antenna on the other hand, has lower efficiency in the FM band. This is made possible by their size and optional decoupling measures on the common printed circuit board, such as at least one slot, preferably in the first direction between the helical antenna turns of the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna.
  • the at least one first telephone LTE 5G antenna and the antenna unit can be connected to a common main circuit board or main circuit board. This can, for example, be aligned essentially parallel to the vehicle roof when the antenna module is arranged as intended on the motor vehicle.
  • the directional information also used below, such as vehicle longitudinal direction, vehicle vertical direction and vehicle transverse direction, also relate to the intended installation position of the antenna module in the motor vehicle.
  • the antenna module according to the invention and its configurations are preferably used in a motor vehicle, but the use of the antenna module should not be restricted to the motor vehicle sector.
  • Such an antenna module can be used anywhere and is particularly advantageous where many antenna functions are to be provided in the smallest possible space.
  • the respective circuit boards of the antenna unit and the first telephone LTE 5G antenna are arranged essentially perpendicular to this main circuit board. As a result, an optimal radiation characteristic of the respective antennas can be achieved.
  • the first telephone LTE 5G antenna or its conductor track structure is arranged essentially perpendicularly to the course of the helical antenna windings of the DAB antenna and the AM/FM antenna. Accordingly, it represents a further preferred embodiment of the invention when the third direction, in which the width of the second circuit board of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna extends, has an angle to the first and second direction of between 80 degrees and 100 degrees, and is preferably about 90 degrees. At 90 degrees, the decoupling between the first phone LTE 5G antenna and the antenna unit is maximized.
  • the first direction should run in the vertical direction of the vehicle, the second direction in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, and the third direction in the transverse direction of the vehicle.
  • the first telephone LTE 5G antenna thus extends essentially in the vertical direction of the vehicle and in the transverse direction of the vehicle, while the Flelix antenna windings of the DAB antenna and the AM-FM antenna essentially extend in the Florizontal, encompassing the longitudinal direction of the vehicle and in the first direction are arranged one above the other.
  • the gradients of the respective Flelix antenna windings are preferably kept as small as possible, since this allows the proportion in the z-direction to be kept to a minimum. This maximizes the decoupling to the phone LTE 5G antenna, which allows for an extremely compact arrangement.
  • the Flelix antenna coils have a slope from the florizontal of less than 5 degrees, preferably less than 3 degrees, for example 2.2 degrees.
  • the decoupling from the AM-FM-DAB antenna unit can be further increased by other special features of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna.
  • another very advantageous embodiment of the invention is when the at least one first telephone LTE 5G antenna has a first antenna arm, which is assigned to a first frequency range, in particular for frequencies greater than 1 gigahertz, and has a second antenna arm , which is associated with a second frequency range, in particular for frequencies less than 1 gigahertz, the first and second antenna arms being capacitively coupled to one another and being galvanically isolated from one another.
  • this refinement makes it possible to avoid excessive coupling to the AM antenna of the antenna unit in a particularly efficient manner.
  • an inductive extension for the second antenna arm may be provided. This can be in the form of a snail-shaped line which is galvanically connected to the second arm.
  • the first arm for the higher frequencies above 1 gigahertz can thus capacitively excite the second arm or the extension for the lower frequencies below 1 gigahertz.
  • the capacitive coupling surface is decisive for the efficiency and the impedance. This can advantageously be used for decoupling from the AM antenna.
  • the arm for the lower frequencies, ie the second antenna arm has its own capacitive load on the antenna circuit board, ie the second circuit board.
  • This second antenna board can therefore have a first side and a second board side opposite the first side.
  • the first antenna arm for the higher frequencies can be arranged on the first side of the circuit board, and the second arm for the lower frequencies on the second side of the circuit board, with a roof capacitance for the second arm also being able to be located on the first side of the circuit board and via a via through the Circuit board can be electrically connected through to the second antenna arm.
  • a particularly efficient first telephone LTE 5G antenna with maximum decoupling from the antenna unit can thus be provided.
  • the first telephone LTE 5G antenna can have a high-impedance connection to ground for antenna detection.
  • This high-impedance connection can be provided via a coil that ensures that high-frequency signal components are coupled into the telephone LTE 5G antenna and do not flow to ground. This allows a defect or failure of the antenna to be detected, which is important for the e-call function, for example.
  • the antenna module has at least one second telephone LTE-5G antenna, with the AM-FM-DAB antenna unit between the first telephone LTE-5G antenna and the second telephone LTE-5G -Antenna is arranged, in particular wherein the second telephone LTE-5G antenna is arranged on a third board, which is aligned perpendicular to the second board of the first telephone LTE-5G antenna.
  • the data transmission rate that can be provided with the antenna module via a mobile network can be increased.
  • such a second telephone LTE 5G antenna can be used together with provide the first telephone LTE 5G antenna in an extremely small space with maximum decoupling.
  • the third circuit board is also essentially perpendicular to the above-mentioned main circuit board and is therefore preferably aligned perpendicular to the transverse direction of the vehicle.
  • the second telephone LTE 5G antenna can also be designed for a frequency range of less than one gigahertz.
  • the second LTE 5G telephone antenna it is also conceivable for the second LTE 5G telephone antenna to be designed in exactly the same way as the first LTE 5G telephone antenna.
  • the first and second antenna arms of the second LTE 5G telephone antenna mentioned are not capacitively separated from one another in the present case, since the second LTE 5G telephone antenna is at a greater distance from the antenna unit can, as the first phone LTE 5G antenna.
  • the antenna module has a GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) antenna.
  • GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System
  • this can also be arranged at any point within the antenna module.
  • a GNSS antenna is arranged between the AM-FM-DAB antenna unit and the second telephone LTE-5G antenna.
  • a GNSS antenna can also be part of the antenna module independently of the presence of the second telephone LTE-5G antenna
  • the second phone LTE 5G antenna is present in the antenna module as described above, it is advantageous if the GNSS antenna is located between this second phone LTE 5G antenna and the antenna unit Distance between the two phone LTE 5G antennas must be maximized.
  • This GNSS antenna receives its signals from satellites and is therefore used to radiate signals designed in the first direction or optimized in relation to this direction of emission.
  • the GNSS antenna is designed as a patch antenna. This allows the GNSS antenna to be integrated into the antenna module in a particularly compact manner. At the same time, a radiation direction in the first direction can be provided in this way. In addition, a patch antenna is extremely efficient.
  • the GNSS antenna can also be used as a curved dipole antenna with capacitive excitation on a board perpendicular to the second 5G LTE GSM antenna, i.e. the second phone LTE 5G antenna, and parallel to the first 5G LTE GSM antenna, i.e. the first telephone LTE 5G antenna.
  • This is based on the following finding: When designing the GNSS antenna as a patch antenna, in particular directly next to the antenna unit with the very large first top capacitance, it has been shown that the first top capacitance has a very strong shielding effect on the patch antenna, which is very flat in relation to the first direction is has.
  • the GNSS antenna is instead designed as a curved dipole antenna on a board perpendicular to the second 5G LTE GSM antenna and parallel to the first 5G LTE GSM antenna with capacitive excitation.
  • the GNSS antenna essentially has the shape of a parabola which opens downwards, the downward direction here being opposite to the first direction.
  • increased radiation can be achieved in the first direction.
  • the GNSS antenna designed in this way extends significantly higher in the first direction, as a result of which the described shielding effect of the first top capacitance can be reduced.
  • V-to-X antenna can also be arranged on the first side of the main printed circuit board.
  • a V-to-X antenna also known as a Car-to-X antenna, is used for communication between the vehicle and another vehicle or any other device capable of communication, for example in accordance with the WLANp standard. Due to their typical bandwidth, there is not a great risk of coupling to the other antennas. It is particularly efficient when such a V-to-X antenna is arranged, for example, on the same second circuit board as the first phone LTE-5G antenna and/or the same third circuit board as the second phone LTE-5G antenna.
  • V-to-X antennas can also be provided, one on the second circuit board and one on the third circuit board.
  • the front V-to-X antenna which is closer to the front of the vehicle, for example, can also be arranged laterally with respect to the second direction next to the second telephone LTE 5G antenna instead of on the third circuit board.
  • the V-to-X antennas emit or receive in a frequency range of around 5 gigahertz and can therefore be made very small.
  • two further telephone LTE 5G antennas are arranged on the first side of the main circuit board. These can be arranged in an area between the antenna unit and the second telephone LTE 5G antenna in relation to the second direction, and for example in the third direction next to the GNSS antenna, in particular on both sides next to it.
  • These third and fourth LTE 5G telephone antennas are preferably only designed for higher frequencies greater than 1 gigahertz, so that they can be arranged significantly closer to one another and to the first or second LTE 5G telephone antenna. In the case of an e-call, it can generally be issued via any phone LTE 5G antenna.
  • the e-call antenna which is also arranged on the inside and thus on the second side of the main circuit board, serves only as a well-protected backup antenna, which can be used, for example, in the event of an accident and in the event of a defect in the other LTE 5G telephone antennas for the E-call can be used.
  • the antenna module has a main circuit board, the first telephone LTE 5G antenna and the antenna unit being arranged on a first side of the main circuit board, the antenna module having at least one antenna which is on one of the first Side opposite second side of the main circuit board is arranged, in particular wherein the at least one antenna is an e-call antenna and / or a UWB antenna and / or WLAN antenna and/or another telephone LTE 5G antenna.
  • numerous further antennas can be arranged underneath the main printed circuit board, so to speak, and thus in an interior of the motor vehicle or facing the interior of the motor vehicle.
  • the internal antennas and components, such as the backup antenna mentioned for e-call or the WLAN antennas and other antennas for other services such as 5G, can be arranged under the vehicle roof within a box.
  • antennas for numerous different functions can be provided in a compact antenna module in the smallest of spaces.
  • further electrical and/or electronic components such as tuners, transceivers, receivers, control units or the like can also be provided and integrated in such an antenna module, in particular on the second side of the main circuit board.
  • the antenna module can include an integrated tuner and/or transceiver and/or receiver and/or a bus system.
  • the antenna module has no integrated tuner or transceiver or receiver or a bus system.
  • the antenna module has a matching network and/or an amplifier for at least one antenna comprised by the antenna module, with a coaxial cable for coupling to a module-external tuner or transceiver or receiver being connected to the matching network and/or an amplifier .
  • the antenna module can also be coupled to a vehicle roof in a wide variety of ways. It is preferred that the antenna module has a good galvanic connection to the roof, which can be achieved without screws or with the help of one or more screws. This galvanic connection can be used to create a ground connection to the roof.
  • the roof antenna module can also be made in one piece or in two pieces, as will be explained later in more detail with reference to the figures. In all cases, however, the antennas have at least one electrical contact with the main circuit board to allow connection to the receivers and transceivers. These can likewise be integrated into the antenna module or else be arranged remotely.
  • a motor vehicle with an antenna module according to the invention or one of its configurations should also be regarded as belonging to the invention.
  • the antenna module is then preferably arranged on a roof of the vehicle, in particular below a flap or flap fin, as already described.
  • the invention also includes the combinations of features of the described embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an antenna module for a motor vehicle for arrangement on a vehicle roof without receiver and tuner integration according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a first side of the first circuit board of the antenna unit, on which the helical antenna windings of the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna are applied, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a plan view of a second side of the first circuit board of the antenna unit with the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the efficiency of the AM-FM antenna and the DAB antenna according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna in a plan view of a first side according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna in a plan view of a second side opposite the first side, according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic illustration of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna in a sectional view according to an embodiment of the invention
  • 8 shows a schematic representation of an antenna module for a motor vehicle for mounting on a vehicle roof according to a one-piece mounting concept with integrated transceivers and tuners, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of an antenna module according to a two-part assembly concept according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the exemplary embodiment explained below is a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the described components of the embodiment each represent individual features of the invention to be considered independently of one another, which also develop the invention independently of one another and are therefore also to be regarded as part of the invention individually or in a combination other than the one shown.
  • the embodiment described can also be supplemented by further features of the invention already described.
  • the antenna module 1 shows a schematic representation of an antenna module 1 for a motor vehicle 2, of which the vehicle roof 3 and the outer hood 4 mounted on the vehicle roof 3, which is also referred to as a Flaifischfin, are shown merely as an example.
  • the antenna module 1 is designed as a multifunctional and multiband antenna module 1 in the smallest of spaces.
  • the antenna module 1 includes an antenna unit 5 which can also be referred to as an AM-FM-DAB antenna 5 since it includes both a DAB antenna 6 and a combined AM-FM antenna 7 .
  • the antenna module 1 has at least one first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 which is arranged very close to the antenna unit 5 .
  • the antenna module 1 also includes a second LTE 5G telephone antenna 9, a third and fourth LTE 5G telephone antenna 10, 11, a GNSS antenna 12, and two V-to-X Antennas 13, 14. These antenna module components are also arranged on a main printed circuit board 15, which in turn is arranged on a carrier 16, which can also be referred to as a chassis. Furthermore, a protective hood 17 is arranged at least over most of these antenna module components. Except for one of the antenna unit 5 assigned Roof capacity 18 all other antennas are arranged under this protective hood 17. Furthermore, this antenna module 1 can be mounted on the roof 3 of the motor vehicle 2 via a screw connection 20 . In this example, no tuner or transceiver is integrated into the antenna module 1, but the required amplifiers and matching networks with connected coaxial cables are integrated. Other examples with integrated receivers and tuners will be explained in more detail later.
  • the invention and its embodiments advantageously make it possible to provide an extremely compact antenna module 1, in which, for example, the highest antenna, which is provided by the antenna unit 5 in the present case, is smaller than 10 in the first direction, which corresponds to the z-direction shown here Centimeters, in particular only about 7 centimeters in the first direction.
  • the z-direction corresponds to the vertical direction of the vehicle, the x-direction shown here to the longitudinal direction of the vehicle, with the x-direction pointing in particular in the direction of the front of the vehicle, and the y-direction to the vehicle transverse direction.
  • the z-direction is also referred to, among other things, as the first direction, the y-direction as the third direction and the x-direction as the second direction.
  • the main difficulty in providing such a compact antenna module 1 is that not only can the individual antennas themselves be made as small and compact as possible, but above all that they have to be sufficiently decoupled from one another in order to avoid mutual interference or interference. This applies in particular to the arrangement of the antenna unit 5 in relation to the first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8.
  • the antenna module has four as many telephone LTE 5G antennas 8, 9, 10, 11.
  • Communication according to the 4G standard can be provided by two such antennas 8, 9, 10, 11 if four such antennas 8, 9, 10, 11 are provided for communication according to the 5G standard.
  • the term LTE 5G telephone antenna 8, 9, 10, 11 should therefore be understood in the present case to mean that these 5G telephone LTE antennas 8, 9, 10, 11 can be used for communication in accordance with the 5G standard , but not that a single such antenna 8, 9, 10, 11 would already be sufficient for this.
  • Mobile radio communication with lower data transmission rates than according to the 5G standard can, however, already be provided with a single telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 of this type.
  • Both the first and the second telephone LTE 5G antenna 8, 9 can transmit or receive data in a frequency range of less than 1 gigahertz and greater than 1 gigahertz.
  • the challenge here is again to ensure sufficient decoupling between this first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 and the antenna unit 5, and on the other hand also to ensure sufficient decoupling of the antennas integrated in the antenna unit 5, namely the DAB Antenna 6 and the AM-FM antenna 7 to provide. How this can be accomplished will now be explained in more detail below.
  • this AM-FM-DAB antenna 5 is placed in the highest area of the roof module 1 and the AM-FM-DAB antenna is also realized in two parts.
  • a first part 5a is located below the protective cap 17 and the second part 5b represents the already mentioned top capacitance 18.
  • the top capacitance 18 of the AM-FM-DAB antenna 5 can, as shown, be arranged on the protective cap 17 or also in the outer hood 4, ie the shark fin, be integrated.
  • the top capacitance contacts the first part 5a of the AM-FM-DAB antenna 5 by means of a contact element 21, which is preferably a spring or an electrically conductive foam material.
  • the contact, ie the contact element 21, of the first part 5a of the AM-FM -DAB antenna 5 can also be done differently, for example by clamping.
  • this roof capacity 18 can be realized as a mounted, for example stamped or deep-drawn, sheet metal or bonded foil. It can also be printed on the protective cap 14. If the top capacitance 18 is a film, it can have a conductor track structure or be designed as a resonant conductor track structure.
  • the first part 5a is implemented as a vertically standing PCB (Printed Circuit Board) antenna.
  • the first part 5a of this AM-FM-DAB antenna 5 is shown again in detail in FIG. 2 and FIG.
  • Various other variants of this arrangement, ie of the antenna module 1 shown, can exist, for example in that the V-to-X antennas are not present.
  • a major advantage of the invention is the provision and presence of the AM-FM-DAB antenna unit, in particular in its described implementation.
  • Both the DAB antenna 6 and the AM-FM antenna Antenna 7 include a part 6a, 7a, which is designed as a planar Flelix antenna. These parts 6a, 7a are therefore designed in the form of planar Flelix windings 6a, 7a, which are arranged on a circuit board, in the present example a common first circuit board 24.
  • the thickness of this circuit board in the y-direction can be between 0.5 millimeters and 2 millimeters and is 1 millimeter in the present example.
  • the individual Flelix antenna windings 6a, 7a can be applied as conductor tracks on this circuit board 24, with the individual front and rear conductor track sections being connected to one another by corresponding vias 25, of which, for reasons of clarity, only one is provided with a reference number.
  • These planar helix antennas 6a, 7a are thus provided in the form of a flattened coil with a plurality of turns arranged one above the other in the z-direction.
  • the helical antenna windings 7a of the AM-FM antenna 7 are galvanically connected to the first roof capacitance 18 via the coupling element 21, this galvanic connection being designated by 26 in the present case.
  • the DAB antenna 6 has its own top capacitance 27, which is also arranged on the circuit board 24, in particular on an edge of the circuit board, preferably an upper edge of the circuit board 24.
  • the DAB antenna 6 therefore preferably has no galvanic contact with the first top capacitance 18, but can be capacitively coupled to the first top capacitance 18 via its own capacitive load, which is designed as a second top capacitance 27 on the board edge.
  • This enables better decoupling between the DAB antenna 6 and the AM-FM antenna 7.
  • the AM antenna and the FM antenna which are provided as a combined AM-FM antenna 7 in the present case, accordingly have a common antenna base 29 .
  • the DAB antenna 6 has its own base point 30 . These base points 29, 30 are electrically connected to the main printed circuit board 15.
  • the DAB antenna 6 and the AM/FM antenna 7 are provided on separate circuit boards, but the arrangement on a common circuit board 24 has enormous component advantages.
  • the DAB antenna 6 and the AM-FM antenna 7 as a combined antenna, nevertheless with two base points 29, 30, but with commonly used windings 6a, 7a, in that these respective antenna parts 6a, 7a are not as shown here, are arranged next to one another in the x-direction but, for example, one above the other in the z-direction.
  • the antenna windings 6a of the DAB antenna 6 can also be arranged in the z-direction above the antenna windings 7a of the AM/FM antenna 7 and also be galvanically connected to them.
  • the individual windings 6a, 7a can then extend over almost the entire width in the x-direction of the circuit board 24, which increases its efficiency.
  • the base point 30 assigned to the DAB antenna 6 can be realized via a tap. Such a tap can be realized by a conductor running in the z-direction.
  • a tap can be realized by a conductor running in the z-direction.
  • maximum decoupling can advantageously be provided from the adjacent telephone LTE 5G antenna 8, which, as will be explained in more detail later, is arranged on a circuit board whose height is in the z-direction and whose width is in y-direction and is thus aligned perpendicular to the first circuit board 24 of the first part 5a of the antenna unit 5 . Due to the design of the antenna parts 6a, 7a as planar helical windings 6a, 7a, these windings 6a, 7a also have hardly any expansion in the y-direction. Correspondingly, maximum decoupling from the telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 can also be provided in this direction.
  • the individual windings 6a, 7a are preferably aligned as horizontally as possible, ie parallel to the xy plane.
  • this is realized in that the windings 6a, 7a are designed to run horizontally on the first side 22 of the circuit board 24, and on the second side 23 with the smallest possible gradient compared to the horizontal, which is preferably no greater than 5 degrees, particularly preferably less than 3 degrees, for example 2.2 degrees.
  • these have different efficiencies in different frequency ranges, which can also be referred to as antenna gain, as illustrated in FIG is.
  • the FM antenna 7 preferably has a significantly higher efficiency E in a first frequency range F1 than, on the one hand, the DAB antenna 6 and, on the other hand, than the FM antenna 7 in a second frequency range F2, in which its efficiency E is preferably significantly lower than that of the DAB antenna 6.
  • the first frequency range F1 corresponds to the FM frequency range and is limited, for example, by the lower limit frequency f1 and the upper limit frequency f2.
  • f1 can be 87.5 megahertz and f2 can be 108 megahertz, for example.
  • the second frequency range F2 represents the DAB frequency range and extends from a third frequency f3 to a fourth frequency f4.
  • the third frequency f3 can be 174 megahertz, for example, and the fourth frequency f4 can be 240 megahertz, for example.
  • the corresponding antennas 6, 7 can be suitably designed with regard to their geometry.
  • the series and parallel resonance of the corresponding antenna can be influenced by the geometric properties of an antenna.
  • the DAB antenna 6 is preferably designed in such a way that it has a series and parallel resonance within the DAB frequency band F2.
  • the parallel resonance of the AM-FM antenna 7 is preferably placed near the beginning of the DAB band F2. Thereby a natural decoupling can be provided.
  • the fact that the DAB antenna 6 has a lower efficiency in the FM band F1 is provided by geometric properties such as its length on the one hand and on the other hand additionally by the provision of slots, such as that already described for FIGS. 2 and 3 slot 28
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 in a plan view of a first side 31 and FIG 12 is a schematic representation of this antenna 8 in a plan view of a second side 32 opposite the first side 31.
  • This antenna 8 is also implemented as a PCB antenna 8.
  • FIG. 7 also shows a schematic illustration of this first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 in a side view or sectional view in a section perpendicular to the y-axis.
  • This telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 has two antenna arms 34, 35 which are arranged on different board sides 31, 32 of the board 33.
  • the first antenna arm 34 is for high frequencies, in particular greater than 1 gigahertz, and the second arm 35 for low frequencies, in particular less than one gigahertz. These two antenna arms 34, 35 are now advantageously not galvanically connected to one another, but only capacitively coupled to one another.
  • This provides a capacitive excitation for the first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 in that the first arm 34 capacitively excites the second arm 35 or its extension 36 for the lower frequencies for the higher frequencies.
  • This extension 36 can in turn be arranged on the second side 32 of the circuit board 33 on which the first arm 34 is also located, this extension 36 being galvanically connected to the second arm 35 via a via 37 through the circuit board 33 .
  • the arm 34 for the higher frequencies there is a capacitance between the arm 34 for the higher frequencies and the arm 35 for the lower frequencies.
  • the capacitive coupling surface is to determine the efficiency and the impedance of the antenna 8.
  • the arm 35 for the lower frequencies has its own capacitive load 36, the said extension 36, on the antenna circuit board 33.
  • This design can advantageously provide a particularly good decoupling from the AM antenna 7.
  • the first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 has a high-impedance connection in the form of a coil 38 to ground 39 or to the ground contact connection 39 provided on the circuit board 33 for the purpose of detection. High frequencies are advantageously conducted into the antenna 8 by this high-impedance coil 39 .
  • a voltage tap on this coil 38 can be used to detect when the antenna 8 fails, for example due to a defect or an accident in the vehicle 2 . Then, for example, the backup antenna, which will be explained in more detail later, can be used to send out an e-call. Furthermore, the arm 35 also has an inductive extension 41 for the low frequencies.
  • This configuration of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna 8 also advantageously makes it possible to arrange it extremely close to the antenna unit 5, as is also illustrated in FIG. 1 or also in FIGS. 8 and 9, for example.
  • this antenna module 1 shows an antenna module 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention. Otherwise, this antenna module 1 can be designed as described above, apart from the differences explained below. In particular, this antenna module 1 can also have the antennas explained in relation to FIG. 1, although the third and fourth telephone LTE 5G antennas 10, 11 are not shown here by way of example. Neither are the two V-to-X antennas 13, 14 shown here, which can nevertheless be part of this antenna module 1.
  • the antennas already mentioned for FIG. 1 are arranged on a first side 15a of the main printed circuit board 15, with components that will also be explained in more detail later also being arranged on the opposite side 15b of this main printed circuit board 15.
  • the antenna module 1 is designed according to a one-piece assembly concept, according to which this assembled antenna module 1 can be inserted as a whole from below through a hole or a through-opening 42 in the vehicle roof 3 and assembled.
  • the roof antenna module 1 can only be mounted from inside the vehicle.
  • only the external part of the module 1 is inserted through the cutout 42, ie those components which are located on the first side 15a of the main printed circuit board 15 and are above the chassis.
  • the individual antennas and components of the antenna module 1 on the first side 15a of the main circuit board 15 can be mounted again via a separate carrier element 16a, a chassis which is firmly connected to the inner part of the antenna module 1.
  • This carrier element 16a has a corresponding opening 43 for each antenna, through which the base or bases 29, 30, 39, 40 and those of the other antennas pass in order to ensure the electrical contact of each antenna with the main printed circuit board 15.
  • 44 designates the base of the GNSS antenna 12 and 45 the base of the second telephone LTE 5G antenna 9.
  • This antenna module 1 can be connected to the roof 3 of the vehicle 2 via a metalized foam 46. This in turn can provide tolerance compensation in the z-direction at the same time.
  • At least the antennas located on the first side 15a of the main circuit board 15 are all, in particular the GNSS antennas 12 in this example, aligned perpendicularly to the main circuit board 15 and are designed as respective PCB antennas. It is also particularly advantageous that the first circuit board 24 of the antenna unit 5 is formed perpendicularly to the second circuit board 33 of the first telephone LTE 5G antenna.
  • the attachment of the main printed circuit board 15 to the carrier element 16a can in turn be effected via corresponding screw connections 20.
  • the second telephone LTE-5G antenna 9 is preferably in turn aligned perpendicularly to the first telephone LTE-5G antenna 8 in order to provide maximum decoupling for this.
  • additional telephone LTE 5G antennas 10 are additional telephone LTE 5G antennas 10,
  • the GNSS antenna 12 is designed as a patch antenna. It is therefore very flat in relation to the z-direction and has a circular radiation characteristic, which is mostly directed vertically upwards, i.e. in the z-direction.
  • this GNSS antenna 12 can also be designed as a PCB antenna instead, that is to say with a circuit board which in turn is preferably aligned perpendicularly to the main circuit board 15.
  • the GNSS antenna 12 can be installed as a dipole-like antenna on a board perpendicular to the second 5G LTE GSM antenna and parallel to the first 5G LTE GSM antenna, for example in the form of a downwardly open arc or a downward-opening parabola, be designed with a capacitive feed.
  • the maximum height available in the z-direction below the protective cap 17 can be used to implement this GNSS antenna 12 .
  • Such a dipole-like antenna solution can advantageously also provide a main emission direction in the z-direction, or a corresponding reception characteristic. In contrast to the patch antenna 12 shown here, such a dipole-like antenna solution is only designed for the transmission of linearly polarized signals.
  • Such a dipole-type antenna solution with capacitive feed on a circuit board perpendicular to the second 5G LTE GSM antenna and parallel to the first 5G LTE GSM antenna can decouple this antenna in the GNSS band and function AM .
  • the antenna module 1 also has a receiver or transceiver 47 and a tuner 48 . Furthermore it can Antenna module also include a control unit 49 and a power supply 50. These components can be arranged directly on the main printed circuit board 15, in particular on its second side 15b, but also partly on the first side 15a. Furthermore, further antennas are provided on the second side 15b of the main circuit board 15, such as a WLAN antenna 51 and a backup e-call antenna 52. Although only one receiver 47 is shown here as an example, several of these can be found the main circuit board 15 may be arranged.
  • the following components are particularly advantageous: a telephone LTE 5G transceiver, a radio tuner, a GNSS receiver, a WLAN transceiver and a V-to-X receiver, in particular per V-to-X antenna 13, 14 if present. All of these receivers and transceivers are preferably integrated into the lower box 53 on the main circuit board 15. Also, all antennas have at least one electrical contact with the main circuit board 15 to ensure connection to the receivers and transceivers.
  • the antenna module can also have at least one or more digital interfaces or at least one connector 54, via which the antenna module 1 can be coupled to a vehicle bus, for example a CAN bus, Ethernet, a flex bus and so on.
  • the antenna module 1 can also be designed according to a two-part concept, as is illustrated by way of example in FIG. 9 .
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of the antenna module 1 according to a further exemplary embodiment of the invention.
  • the antenna module 1 can in turn be designed as previously described and also have the corresponding components and antennas as described or illustrated in relation to FIG. 1 and/or FIG. 8 .
  • the only difference in FIG. 9 is the manner in which the antenna module 1 is mounted on the roof 3 of the motor vehicle 2 .
  • the antenna module 1 is designed according to a two-part concept and has two main printed circuit boards 15, 55 in this example.
  • a first main printed circuit board 15 is assigned to the antennas arranged above the roof 3 and a second printed circuit board 55 to the antenna components arranged below the roof 3 .
  • the two main printed circuit boards 15, 55 can be connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner by a corresponding connector 56 through the roof 3 of the motor vehicle.
  • a two-part antenna module 1 With such a two-part antenna module 1, its external part to be assembled from the outside and the internal part to be assembled from the inside.
  • the example shows how the invention can provide a multifunctional and multiband intelligent roof antenna module with an integrated electric very small AM-FM-DAB antenna, which allows numerous antennas, in particular a first
  • an AM, FM, DAB antenna, a GNSS antenna and at least a second telephone LTE 5G antenna outside the vehicle in a very small space The number of external antennas can be increased up to 12 by integrating two V-to-X antennas, two more phone LTE 5G antennas and two UWB antennas in the same volume. This volume is the same as that for today's roof antennas with significantly fewer antennas housed therein.
  • E-call back-up antenna and a WLAN antenna to be mounted inside the vehicle.
  • the number of internal antennas can be increased up to six by adding two UWB antennas, another WiFi antenna and another phone LTE 5G antenna.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un module d'antenne (10) pour un véhicule automobile (2), ledit module d'antenne (10) comprenant au moins une petite antenne AM-FM (7) électrique et une antenne DAB. Selon l'invention, le module d'antenne (10) comprend une unité d'antenne (5) qui a une antenne AM-FM combinée (7) et l'antenne DAB (6), ladite unité d'antenne (5) comprenant au moins une première carte de circuit imprimé (24) ayant une première hauteur dans une première direction (z) et une première largeur dans une seconde direction (x) perpendiculaire à la première direction (z), des enroulements d'antenne hélicoïdaux (7a, 6a) de l'antenne AM-FM (7) et/ou une antenne DAB (6), qui est au moins en partie réalisée sous la forme d'une antenne hélicoïdale plane, sont disposés sur l'au moins une première carte de circuit imprimé (24), et les enroulements d'antenne hélicoïdaux (7a, 6a) s'étendent au moins en grande partie dans la deuxième direction (x). Ladite au moins une première antenne de téléphonie LTE 5G (8) est disposée sur une seconde carte de circuit imprimé (33) avec une seconde hauteur dans la première direction (z) et une seconde largeur dans une troisième direction (y) qui diffère de la première et de la deuxième direction (x). En outre, des syntoniseurs, des émetteurs-récepteurs, des récepteurs et des systèmes de bus ainsi que des réseaux d'ajustement et des amplificateurs pour les antennes peuvent être intégrés.
EP22709174.1A 2021-04-19 2022-02-16 Module d'antenne pour véhicule automobile Pending EP4327406A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021203836.0A DE102021203836B4 (de) 2021-04-19 2021-04-19 Antennenmodul für ein Kraftfahrzeug
PCT/DE2022/200021 WO2022223078A1 (fr) 2021-04-19 2022-02-16 Module d'antenne pour véhicule automobile

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EP4327406A1 true EP4327406A1 (fr) 2024-02-28

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EP22709174.1A Pending EP4327406A1 (fr) 2021-04-19 2022-02-16 Module d'antenne pour véhicule automobile

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US (1) US20240213661A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4327406A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN117223170A (fr)
DE (1) DE102021203836B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022223078A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160064807A1 (en) 2014-08-29 2016-03-03 Laird Technologies, Inc. Multiband Vehicular Antenna Assemblies
KR101633844B1 (ko) 2014-10-14 2016-06-28 위너콤 주식회사 차량용 다중대역안테나
KR20170003986U (ko) * 2016-05-17 2017-11-27 주식회사 에이스테크놀로지 차랑용 샤크 안테나
KR102304850B1 (ko) * 2017-03-16 2021-09-27 현대자동차주식회사 통합안테나 모듈 및 그를 이용한 차량용 루프 안테나
JP6992052B2 (ja) * 2017-03-31 2022-01-13 株式会社ヨコオ アンテナ装置
KR102466861B1 (ko) * 2018-01-29 2022-11-14 현대자동차주식회사 안테나 장치 및 안테나 장치를 포함하는 차량
CN209948036U (zh) 2019-07-04 2020-01-14 常州柯特瓦电子有限公司 一种组合式车载鲨鱼鳍天线
KR102192766B1 (ko) * 2019-08-19 2020-12-18 인팩일렉스 주식회사 차량용 샤크핀 안테나

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US20240213661A1 (en) 2024-06-27
DE102021203836A1 (de) 2022-10-20
DE102021203836B4 (de) 2022-10-27
CN117223170A (zh) 2023-12-12
WO2022223078A1 (fr) 2022-10-27

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