EP4301975A1 - Vorrichtung zur regelbaren dosierung von wasserstoff und verfahren zur herstellung derselben - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur regelbaren dosierung von wasserstoff und verfahren zur herstellung derselbenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4301975A1 EP4301975A1 EP22709710.2A EP22709710A EP4301975A1 EP 4301975 A1 EP4301975 A1 EP 4301975A1 EP 22709710 A EP22709710 A EP 22709710A EP 4301975 A1 EP4301975 A1 EP 4301975A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- pole core
- armature
- sealing element
- cone angle
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
- F02M21/0239—Pressure or flow regulators therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
- F02D19/02—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with gaseous fuels
- F02D19/021—Control of components of the fuel supply system
- F02D19/023—Control of components of the fuel supply system to adjust the fuel mass or volume flow
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0203—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels characterised by the type of gaseous fuel
- F02M21/0206—Non-hydrocarbon fuels, e.g. hydrogen, ammonia or carbon monoxide
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M21/00—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form
- F02M21/02—Apparatus for supplying engines with non-liquid fuels, e.g. gaseous fuels stored in liquid form for gaseous fuels
- F02M21/0218—Details on the gaseous fuel supply system, e.g. tanks, valves, pipes, pumps, rails, injectors or mixers
- F02M21/023—Valves; Pressure or flow regulators in the fuel supply or return system
- F02M21/0233—Details of actuators therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M59/00—Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
- F02M59/20—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing
- F02M59/36—Varying fuel delivery in quantity or timing by variably-timed valves controlling fuel passages to pumping elements or overflow passages
- F02M59/366—Valves being actuated electrically
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0644—One-way valve
- F16K31/0655—Lift valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16K—VALVES; TAPS; COCKS; ACTUATING-FLOATS; DEVICES FOR VENTING OR AERATING
- F16K31/00—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices
- F16K31/02—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic
- F16K31/06—Actuating devices; Operating means; Releasing devices electric; magnetic using a magnet, e.g. diaphragm valves, cutting off by means of a liquid
- F16K31/0675—Electromagnet aspects, e.g. electric supply therefor
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
- G05D16/00—Control of fluid pressure
- G05D16/20—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means
- G05D16/2006—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means
- G05D16/2013—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means
- G05D16/2022—Control of fluid pressure characterised by the use of electric means with direct action of electric energy on controlling means using throttling means as controlling means actuated by a proportional solenoid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
- H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the technical field of using hydrogen and fuel cells in connection with vehicle engines.
- the present invention relates in particular to a device for the controllable metering of hydrogen, for example in a
- Hydrogen internal combustion engine (hereinafter referred to as “hydrogen engine”) or to a fuel cell, especially in an electric vehicle.
- the present invention also relates to a method for manufacturing such a device.
- the present invention is generally based on the task of providing a precise, efficient and safe control of hydrogen supply in hydrogen engines or fuel cells and in particular to achieve a large control range for a targeted, precise hydrogen metering with a simultaneously high low-quantity quality.
- a device for the controllable metering of hydrogen is described.
- it is a device for the controllable metering of hydrogen to a fuel cell, in particular in a vehicle with an electric drive.
- Another embodiment is a device for the controllable metering of hydrogen into a hydrogen engine, in particular for blowing hydrogen into an intake manifold or a combustion chamber of the hydrogen engine.
- the hydrogen engine is a motor vehicle hydrogen engine.
- the device described has the following: (a) a valve seat, (b) a sealing element and (c) an electromagnetic actuator with a pole core, a magnetic coil and an armature coupled to the sealing element, the actuator being used to move the sealing element along an axis in Is configured as a function of an electric current in the magnet coil, with a surface of the pole core and a surface of the armature together forming a double cone.
- double cone is to be understood in such a way that both the surface of the pole core and the surface of the armature each have a cone shape.
- the two conical surfaces are designed in such a way that the conical surface of the pole core fits into the conical surface of the armature.
- the surface of the pole core has at least a first pole core surface area with a first pole core cone angle and a second pole core surface area with a second pole core cone angle
- the surface of the armature has at least a first armature surface area with a first armature cone angle and a second anchor surface area with a second anchor cone angle
- cone angle is to be understood in particular as the angle between the axis and the cone surface.
- both the pole core cone and the armature cone each have two surface areas with different cone angles.
- the magnetic field lines are deflected differently for the linearization depending on the flux of the magnet.
- the characteristic ie the relationship between mass flow and electrical coil current
- the control accuracy slope of the characteristic curve
- a corresponding segmentation of the characteristic curve can be achieved with a gradation of the cone surfaces.
- the first pole core surface area and the first armature surface area are each closer to the sealing element than the second pole core surface area and the second armature surface area, and the first pole core cone angle and the first armature cone angle are each smaller than the second pole core cone angle and the second anchor cone angle.
- first pole core surface area and the first armature surface area are steeper than the second pole core surface area and the second armature surface area.
- this leads to a flatter characteristic curve at smaller valve openings than at larger valve openings and consequently enables more precise control of the hydrogen supply during opening and shortly after opening of the valve.
- the first pole core cone angle is equal to the first armature cone angle
- the second pole core cone angle is equal to the second armature cone angle
- the cone shape of the pole core largely corresponds to the cone shape of the armature.
- the device also has a pin fitted in the armature for centering a compression spring and/or anti-adhesive disc fitted between the armature and the pole core.
- the pin attached to the anchor can fulfill several functions.
- the pin can center a compression spring and/or an anti-adhesive disk and provide a secure position definition (so that no undercuts are required, since both components lie flat).
- magnetic or non-magnetic properties can specifically influence the characteristic curve of the device.
- the manufacturability is given by the arrangement in the anchor.
- the armature In the area of magnetic force generation, the armature is drawn into the opposite pole core with a cone. A non-magnetic anti-adhesive disc can be inserted in the area of magnetic force generation to define the final force of the control range.
- the initial force of the magnet is achieved by setting the particularly large armature stroke in the area where the magnetic force is generated.
- the apparatus further includes circuitry for energizing the solenoid, the circuitry including a variable frequency pulse width modulator configured to vary the frequency as a function of voltage, duty cycle of the pulse width modulator, and the coil current.
- Varying the frequency serves in particular to adjust the movement of the magnet and thus the pin so that the movement of the magnet is smaller than the flux of the valve. This can prevent chattering that may occur in the opening portion because the pneumatic stroke may be small and the movement of the armature may be larger than the pneumatic stroke.
- the sealing element has a surface which tapers axially in the direction of the valve seat and has at least two sections, each with a different angle of inclination relative to the axis.
- the design of the sealing element with at least two surface sections with an individual angle of inclination enables precise and needs-based regulation of the hydrogen volume flow.
- the angle of inclination directly determines the relationship between change in effective valve opening and change in armature lift. The larger the tilt angle, the smaller it is Change in effective valve opening for a given change in armature lift.
- the sealing element formed in this way thus enables, in particular, different relationships between the effective valve opening and armature movement in different operating states, such as for example when the valve is opening/closing and when the valve is open.
- the first section is closer to the valve seat than the second section and has a smaller angle of inclination than the second section.
- the angle of inclination of the second section determines the effective valve opening at or shortly after opening of the valve, while the angle of inclination determines the effective valve opening when the valve is open.
- the tapered surface has a third section with a third angle of inclination relative to the axis.
- the device has a characteristic curve which represents a relationship between the mass flow and the coil current and which has at least two linear sections, each with a different slope.
- the two linear sections of the characteristic correspond in particular to the first and second section of the surface of the sealing element. If there are more than two surface sections with individual angles of inclination, the characteristic curve will have correspondingly more linear sections with individual gradients.
- the electromagnetic actuator is arranged on a high-pressure side of the device.
- This arrangement ensures that the actuator is in the dry hydrogen area and is therefore well protected against ice formation that can occur on the low-pressure side.
- a method for producing a device for controllably metering hydrogen is described, in particular for producing a device for controllably metering hydrogen to a fuel cell or a device for controllably metering hydrogen into a hydrogen engine.
- the method described includes: (a) providing a valve seat, (b) providing a sealing element, and (c) providing an electromagnetic actuator having a pole core, a magnetic coil, and an armature coupled to the sealing element, the actuator being used to move the sealing element along an axis in response to an electric current in the magnetic coil, wherein a surface of the pole core and a surface of the armature together form a double cone.
- the method described is essentially based on the same idea as the device described above and in particular provides a method for producing such a device.
- FIG. 1 shows a system for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic diagram of a valve.
- FIG. 3 shows a characteristic curve of a valve.
- FIG. 4 shows a device according to the invention for the controllable metering of hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of an area for generating magnetic force of a device according to the invention with the associated characteristic curve.
- FIG. 6 shows a detailed view of a pneumatic area of a device according to the invention with the associated characteristic curve.
- FIG. 1 shows a system 100 for supplying hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- fuel cells 114 hydrogen from the hydrogen tank 102 provided in gaseous form with a pressure of about 350 bar to 700 bar for the application.
- a shut-off valve 104 is arranged immediately after the tank 102 .
- the high pressure from the tank 102 is reduced by means of a pressure reducer 106 to a lower pressure level, the medium pressure range, with approximately 10 bar to 30 bar.
- the hydrogen is fed in lines 108 to the area of hydrogen metering to the anode A of the fuel cell 114 .
- the hydrogen is metered in in a targeted manner through the valve 110 for the hydrogen metering.
- the pressure (low pressure) inside the anode A is in the range of approx. 0.8 bar to 4 bar.
- a hydrogen mass flow is set in valve 110 with the pressure drop from medium pressure to low pressure.
- the pressure in the anode A a closed volume, is initially regulated in such a way that this volume is filled with a defined mass flow of hydrogen.
- a defined pressure is set in the volume of the anode A area.
- the hydrogen reacts in the fuel cell 114 with the oxygen from the cathode side K.
- the oxygen in the cathode side K is supplied via the separate supply unit 116, which ensures that sufficient oxygen with a defined pressure in the area of the cathode K is available in this area . An excess of oxygen can escape or be discharged via the outlet 118 .
- the recirculation increases the proportion of nitrogen and water in the hydrogen path. Water can be separated by a water separator 120 in the recirculation. Nitrogen is purged by actuating purge valve 122 . By dosing new hydrogen, the valve 110 keeps the pressure difference between the anode side and the cathode side constant during the flushing process.
- the pressure on the anode and cathode side is measured by sensors.
- the electronic control adjusts the hydrogen metering valve 110 in such a targeted manner that the pressure in the anode A is regulated in the defined range and the required pressure difference between the anode A and the cathode K is present for the reaction of the two gases.
- valve 110 should be closed
- Volume flow control valves or rather for fuel cell technology mass flow control valves for supplying the anode A and controlling the anode pressure, are valves in which a cross-section is closed or released via a directly controlled magnet.
- An optimal design for such a valve is derived below.
- the aim for the function is the first three requirements mentioned above (large control range, high control quality in the main operating areas and for very small quantities).
- the main element for dimensioning is the pneumatics with valve seat and sealing element.
- the geometric relationships of a pneumatic area are shown in FIG.
- the force F on the sealing element DE is calculated using the pressure area formed by the seat diameter dS and the pressure difference on both sides of the sealing element.
- the cross-section through which flow occurs increases with a value x, approximately the line perpendicular to the valve seat surface up to the point of the seat diameter dS.
- the value x corresponds to the length of the lateral surface of a truncated cone. The direction of flow results from the pressure difference across the sealing element DE.
- This cross-section of the truncated cone with the lateral surface length x is effective as long as this surface is smaller than the cross-section of the hole dB. With larger valve lifts s, the cross-section of the bore dB is effective.
- the bore diameter dB defines the maximum possible mass flow. Then the minimum required lift is defined, at which the cross-sectional area between the sealing element DE and the valve seat VS is just not yet effective. With the valve seat angle a, the cross-sectional area in the stroke can be adjusted according to the requirements, while at the same time the condition of the effectiveness of the area of the bore diameter dB must be observed.
- Selection parameters for the actuator are the required force of the sealing element DE in the closed state and the required valve lift s, which corresponds to the magnet lift in a directly controlled valve.
- the aim of the pneumatics is to have a large effective valve lift for the most precise control possible in the largest possible range, with the largest possible mass flow-defining orifice with a diameter dB and a large resulting pneumatic force in the closed state.
- the aim of the pneumatics is in direct conflict with the choice of the actuator with the smallest possible installation space, in which the stroke must be as small as possible in order to obtain sufficient force as a function of the actuator stroke.
- the magnetic force is weakened compared to a switching magnet for small magnet strokes and increased for larger magnet strokes.
- the total stroke of a magnet can be increased, the magnetic force can be adapted to the pneumatics and the usable work can be increased.
- the linearization becomes difficult if the magnet has to be pressure-balanced in the interior and external tightness has to be ensured, and the design of the magnet has to be small.
- Control is usually via a "direct current". Since the vehicle only has voltage from a battery, this voltage is converted into direct current using pulse width modulation.
- a characteristic map can be generated for the actuator in which the magnetic force only depends on an applied current level. If such a linearized magnet works against a compression spring and the pneumatic forces, a magnet system can be set up with such a characteristic, in which the path is directly dependent on the set current level is.
- the frequency for the pulse width modulation then determines the ripple of this direct current. Since the magnetic force is directly dependent on the current, an oscillating movement is generated by the current ripple.
- the armature is moved towards the counter bearing by the vibration in a state with sliding friction. As a result, the friction in the system and thus the hysteresis of the functional characteristic can be kept low.
- the proportional magnet is also advantageous from a thermal point of view.
- the boundary condition is that the magnet is not thermally overloaded in a large ambient temperature range.
- the aim is that the pneumatics can be kept permanently open with a defined direct current without being thermally overloaded.
- Coil resistance is low at low temperatures and increases at higher temperatures. Based on the ambient temperature, the electrical power introduced further heats the coil resistance.
- the coil wire temperature must not exceed a certain value (e.g. 200°C), otherwise the insulation of the coil wire could be damaged.
- a maximum control range of the characteristic can be defined up to a current Imax, at which the full mass flow can be set and on the other hand the coil is not thermally damaged.
- the actuator must be in the area of the dry hydrogen in the inlet.
- water vapor and deionized water on the low-pressure side. If these media were to be present in the area of the actuator, frozen water in the area of the moving parts could severely limit controllability in the cold start area, or even not exist at all. Since water expands when it freezes, if water freezes in the area of the magnet, the volume expansion could damage the magnet.
- the medium is fed in in the area of the magnet. This protects the magnet from freezing.
- the pressure difference prevents the medium from reaching the anode in the event of a fault.
- the electrical power can be limited and the aperture can be opened permanently.
- the magnet can be operated almost silently, with almost no mechanical stress on the valve element.
- the functional characteristic (relationship between mass flow m' and coil current) of such a valve is shown in FIG. If there is a pressure difference between the inlet and outlet and no electrical current is applied, the valve element is closed with the pneumatic force. At this point there is no mass flow.
- the goal for precise control is the lowest possible opening current lopen and the flattest possible characteristic curve to point Imax, with the characteristic curve of the valve also being adapted to the requirements of the fuel cell.
- This goal requires the largest possible effective stroke in the field of pneumatics, a magnet with the largest possible stroke and the greatest possible existing magnetic force and also options for shaping the characteristic curve in a force balance between pneumatic forces, magnetic forces and mechanical forces that depend of a way (hub) are.
- the aim on which the present invention is based is to achieve a large control range for targeted, precise hydrogen metering while at the same time having a high quality in small quantities.
- the gradient is increasing.
- the inlet orifice cross-section should not be effective in the characteristic curve of the control range, only in the case of the maximum control current. This means that the characteristic curve should not be approximately horizontal above the control range.
- FIG. 4 shows a device according to the invention for the controllable metering of hydrogen to a fuel cell.
- the device for controllable Metering of hydrogen can be provided in a hydrogen engine, for example for blowing into an intake manifold of the hydrogen engine.
- the device shown has in particular a pneumatic area with sealing element 17 and valve seat 7 as well as an electromagnetic actuator with pole core 11 , armature 16 and coil 2 .
- the pole core 11 together with the armature 16 forms a double cone, i.e. both the pole core 11 and the armature 16 have surfaces which are oblique or inclined by a cone angle relative to the axis.
- the armature 16 is coupled to the sealing element 17 via a centering pin 15 and a pin 5, so that an axial movement of the armature leads to a corresponding axial movement of the sealing element 17.
- Electrical current is applied to the coil 2 via a connection 1 and is separated from the pole core 11 and armature 16 by a sleeve 3 in the interior of the area 12 generating the magnetic force.
- the sleeve 3 serves as a seal against the environment.
- the device also has a housing 4 in which a lateral inlet 6 and a bottom outlet 8 are provided for the hydrogen.
- a yoke 9 and a tube 10 are also provided in the upper area of the device.
- FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of an area 12 for generating magnetic force of a device according to the invention with the associated characteristic curve.
- the surface of the pole core 11 has a first pole core surface area 111 with a first pole core cone angle and a second pole core surface area 112 with a second pole core cone angle.
- the surface of anchor 16 similarly includes a first anchor surface area 161 having a first anchor cone angle and a second anchor surface area 162 having a second anchor cone angle.
- the magnetic field lines are deflected differently for the linearization, depending on the stroke of the magnet. This leads to the characteristic curve shown in the left-hand part of FIG.
- the characteristic can also be shaped in such a way that the control accuracy (slope of the characteristic) on the needs of the fuel cell is taken care of.
- the stepping in armature 16 results in a segmentation of the characteristic curve. In the range between lopen and 11, the control accuracy is higher (flatter characteristic curve K2) than in the range between 11 and Imax (steeper characteristic curve K1).
- a similar or further gradation of the characteristic can be achieved with the design of the sealing element 17 shown in FIG. 6 in the pneumatic area of the device.
- the sealing element 17 has a surface which tapers axially towards the valve seat 7 and which has a first section 171 with a first angle of inclination relative to the axis A and a second section 172 with a second angle of inclination relative to the axis A.
- first section 171 is located in the lower end area of the sealing element 5 and is therefore closer to the valve seat 7 than the second section 172.
- the first angle of inclination is smaller than the second angle of inclination.
- the sealing element 17 When the valve is closed, the sealing element 17 is so deep in the valve seat that the surfaces are tight against each other.
- the change in size of the opening between the valve seat 7 and the sealing element 17 is first determined by the section 172 with increasing axial movement of the sealing element 17 upwards.
- the change in size is determined by section 171 in the further course. This corresponds to a steeper course of the characteristic curve due to the smaller angle of inclination.
- the mass flow is equal to the minimum required mass flow.
- the gradation in the shape of the sealing element 17 thus leads to a corresponding gradation in the shape of the characteristic curve and in particular ensures that precise control is possible at both low and high mass flows.
- an additional gradation of the characteristic curve can thus be achieved.
- the characteristic curve shown in the left-hand part of FIG. 6 this is the three characteristic curve sections K1, K2, K3 with different inclinations has to recognize.
- a desired control accuracy slope of the characteristic curve
- the hydrogen metering valve is preferably controlled with a pulse width modulated voltage, which results in a direct current with a superimposed ripple.
- the ripple is defined by the so-called chopper frequency, i.e. the frequency with which the pulse width modulation is carried out.
- the armature 16 can be held in a defined movement in order to keep it in sliding friction.
- the control preferably consists of a square-wave pulsed voltage with an adjustable duty cycle, which energizes a coil with a resistor and an inductor. The resistance depends on the coil temperature.
- Sealing element 17 lead to bouncing, since the pneumatic flow is small and the movement of the armature 16 can be greater than the pneumatic stroke.
- the chopper frequency is specifically increased in the opening area.
- the basis for this is the electrical current, which is determined by the electrical control at a known electrical voltage and duty cycle.
- the coil temperature is determined in the electrical control using this variable, with the following formula:
- R20 resistance of coil 2 at 20°C
- a temperature coefficient of copper
- Dq temperature difference at 20°C.
- the chopper frequency is determined via a map in the electrical control and the valve is controlled via these parameters. This adjusts the movement of the magnet and thus the pin so that the movement of the magnet is less than the stroke of the valve. This can prevent bouncing.
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- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102021202117.4A DE102021202117B4 (de) | 2021-03-04 | 2021-03-04 | Vorrichtung zur regelbaren Dosierung von Wasserstoff und Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
| PCT/EP2022/055142 WO2022184707A1 (de) | 2021-03-04 | 2022-03-01 | Vorrichtung zur regelbaren dosierung von wasserstoff und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4301975A1 true EP4301975A1 (de) | 2024-01-10 |
Family
ID=80736138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP22709710.2A Pending EP4301975A1 (de) | 2021-03-04 | 2022-03-01 | Vorrichtung zur regelbaren dosierung von wasserstoff und verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12486820B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4301975A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN116981842A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102021202117B4 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022184707A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN121127672A (zh) * | 2023-05-16 | 2025-12-12 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | 用于内燃机的氢气供应系统 |
| WO2025212634A1 (en) * | 2024-04-01 | 2025-10-09 | Brightspec, Inc. | Pulsed valve for molecular resonance rotational (mrr) spectroscopy |
Family Cites Families (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2407603A (en) * | 1940-04-23 | 1946-09-10 | Derungs Ernest Alphonse | Electromagnet |
| US3168242A (en) * | 1962-11-05 | 1965-02-02 | Eldima A G | Electromagnetically operated temperature regulating system |
| US3381250A (en) * | 1966-06-27 | 1968-04-30 | Sperry Rand Corp | Electromagnetic device |
| US3791408A (en) * | 1972-05-31 | 1974-02-12 | Yuken Kogyo Co Ltd | Electromagnetic pressure-telecontrolling valve |
| JPS60241586A (ja) | 1984-05-15 | 1985-11-30 | Saginomiya Seisakusho Inc | 冷凍装置における電動式コントロ−ルバルブ |
| DE4217871A1 (de) * | 1992-05-29 | 1993-12-02 | Thomas Magnete Gmbh | Elektromagnet mit mit einer Stange versehenem Anker |
| US5252939A (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1993-10-12 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Low friction solenoid actuator and valve |
| DE4309739C2 (de) * | 1993-03-25 | 1998-07-02 | Freudenberg Carl Fa | Elektromagnetisch betätigbares Ventil |
| JP3245035B2 (ja) * | 1996-01-19 | 2002-01-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 空気制御バルブ |
| US6994406B1 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2006-02-07 | Kelsey-Hayes Company | EHB proportional solenoid valve with stepped gap armature |
| EP1161635A4 (de) * | 1999-02-19 | 2004-09-08 | Automatic Switch Co | Proportional ventil mit erweiterten schaltbereich |
| US6189519B1 (en) * | 1999-08-23 | 2001-02-20 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Short stroke solenoid actuated EGR valve |
| US20050046531A1 (en) * | 2002-10-09 | 2005-03-03 | David Moyer | Electromagnetic valve system |
| US7209020B2 (en) | 2003-06-09 | 2007-04-24 | Borgwarner Inc. | Variable force solenoid |
| DE102004002528A1 (de) * | 2004-01-12 | 2005-08-04 | Siemens Ag | Elektromagnetischer Linearantrieb |
| US7808134B2 (en) * | 2006-06-16 | 2010-10-05 | Continental Automotive Canada, Inc. | Active control mount magnetic optimization for an engine |
| US7766037B2 (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2010-08-03 | Honeywell International, Inc. | Adjustable shutoff valve |
| DE102008011573B4 (de) | 2008-02-28 | 2013-02-14 | Danfoss A/S | Elektromagnetischer Aktuator und Ventil |
| DE102008030453A1 (de) * | 2008-06-26 | 2010-01-14 | Hydac Electronic Gmbh | Betätigungsvorrichtung |
| DE102008035332A1 (de) * | 2008-07-29 | 2010-02-04 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Hubmagnetanordnung und Ventilanordnung |
| DE102013213712A1 (de) * | 2013-07-12 | 2015-01-15 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Elektromagnetischer Aktor sowie Fluidventil mit einem solchen Aktor |
| DE102016224273A1 (de) * | 2016-12-06 | 2018-06-07 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ventilvorrichtung |
| DE102017119941A1 (de) * | 2017-08-30 | 2019-02-28 | Eto Magnetic Gmbh | Mediengetrenntes Niederenergie-Ventil |
-
2021
- 2021-03-04 DE DE102021202117.4A patent/DE102021202117B4/de active Active
-
2022
- 2022-03-01 CN CN202280019022.5A patent/CN116981842A/zh active Pending
- 2022-03-01 US US18/548,919 patent/US12486820B2/en active Active
- 2022-03-01 WO PCT/EP2022/055142 patent/WO2022184707A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2022-03-01 EP EP22709710.2A patent/EP4301975A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102021202117B4 (de) | 2023-10-26 |
| US20240141853A1 (en) | 2024-05-02 |
| CN116981842A (zh) | 2023-10-31 |
| WO2022184707A1 (de) | 2022-09-09 |
| US12486820B2 (en) | 2025-12-02 |
| DE102021202117A1 (de) | 2022-09-08 |
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