EP4279805A1 - Manual mechanism for air supply to the combustion chamber of a burner for solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

A combustion air intake mechanism (100) for the combustion chamber of a solid fuel burner such as a wood fireplace or wood stove is disclosed. The air intake mechanism is for manual use and does not require a power supply. It comprises a fixed part (110) comprising openings configured to allow the passage of grille, primary, secondary and tertiary air flows towards the combustion chamber of the burner, and a valve (120) movable relative to the part fixed (110) and configured to close more or less the openings of the fixed part when the relative position of the valve (120) relative to the fixed part (110) varies.

Description

Technical area

• une partie fixe configurée pour être couplée immobilement à la chambre de combustion, et comprenant des ouvertures de la partie fixe composées de :
  • une première ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre un flux d'air de grille,
  • une deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre un flux d'air primaire,
  • une troisième ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre un flux d'air secondaire,
  • une quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre un flux d'air tertiaire,
  une somme des flux d'air de grille, primaire, secondaire, et tertiaire traversant les ouvertures de la partie fixe constituant une totalité d'une alimentation en air de combustion de la chambre de combustion,
• un clapet comprenant au moins une ouverture du clapet, le clapet étant positionné contre la partie fixe, et mobile par rapport à la partie fixe sur un intervalle (A-E) de déplacement continue et comprenant des positions relatives α = A, B, C, D, E successives du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe.

The invention relates to an air intake mechanism without power supply and manually controllable, for the combustion chamber of a solid fuel burner and comprising:

• a fixed part configured to be immobile coupled to the combustion chamber, and comprising openings in the fixed part composed of:
  • a first opening of the fixed part to admit a flow of grille air,
  • a second opening in the fixed part to admit a primary air flow,
  • a third opening of the fixed part to admit a secondary air flow,
  • a fourth opening in the fixed part to admit a tertiary air flow,
  a sum of the grille, primary, secondary and tertiary air flows passing through the openings of the fixed part constituting a totality of a combustion air supply to the combustion chamber,
• a valve comprising at least one opening of the valve, the valve being positioned against the fixed part, and movable relative to the fixed part over an interval (AE) of continuous movement and comprising relative positions α = A, B, C, D , successive E of the valve relative to the fixed part.

State of the art

The document EP3674607A1 is a patent application which describes an electromechanical air intake device comprising openings allowing the passage of gate, primary, and secondary air flows to a combustion chamber. The electromechanical device comprises a valve and a fixed part relative to the combustion chamber. The document describes an evolution of the overlaps between the openings of the valve and the fixed part, depending on the position of the valve relative to the fixed part of the mechanism combustion air intake. The device described in the document EP3674607A1 requires electrical power to operate. Additionally, the document does not disclose separate openings to admit secondary and tertiary air flows.

The document US10677495B2 describes a heater comprising an air intake mechanism configured to modify the distribution of air to ducts supplying the combustion chamber with grate, secondary, and tertiary air. The secondary air inlet duct may include a valve. A common duct to which the grid and tertiary air inlet ducts are connected may also comprise a first valve configured to modify an opening of the common duct, and a second valve configured to modify a distribution between the air flows of grid and tertiary. The different flaps cannot be controlled manually by a user using a single joystick.

The document FR2945105B1 describes a device for controlling the air supply to a stove comprising means for varying the flow of air entering the stove. These means comprise at least one air inlet opening and first shutter means mounted movable in rotation relative to each other. These means also include means for distributing the combustion air between a primary air circuit and a secondary air circuit which comprise at least one primary opening connected to the primary air circuit and a secondary opening connected to the combustion circuit. secondary air, and second and third means of closing the primary and secondary openings respectively. The means make it possible to control the sum of the primary and secondary air flows, as well as the proportion between the primary and secondary air flows. The second and third shutter means are configured to be actuated simultaneously, but are decoupled from the first shutter means. The second and third shutter means and respectively the primary and secondary openings are movable in rotation relative to each other so that the sum of the flow rates of the primary opening and the secondary opening is constant. This document does not describe four distinct openings in the fixed part allowing the supply of different flow rates of grid, primary, secondary and tertiary air into the combustion chamber. Furthermore, the adjustment of the air inlets using the mechanism described is done through two degrees of freedom.

Summary of the invention

There is a need for an air intake mechanism for a high performance solid fuel burner which is robust and easy to use while allowing simultaneous adjustment of the different combustion air flows in the burner, which i.e. grid, primary, secondary, and tertiary airflows.

• ∘ faciliter un allumage rapide de la combustion tout en minimisant un encrassage d'une vitre du brûleur,
• ∘ modifier la puissance calorifique du brûleur tout en optimisant le rendement calorifique, en diminuant les émissions de particules polluantes dégagées par la combustion, et en minimisant l'encrassage de la vitre,
• ∘ empêcher une arrivée d'air de combustion froid depuis un environnement extérieur dans le brûleur lorsque le feu est éteint, afin d'éviter des déperditions calorifiques.

In addition, there is a need for such an air intake mechanism making it possible to vary the distribution of combustion air flows in the burner in order to:

• ∘ facilitate rapid ignition of combustion while minimizing clogging of a burner window,
• ∘ modify the heat output of the burner while optimizing the heat output, reducing emissions of polluting particles released by combustion, and minimizing clogging of the window,
• ∘ prevent cold combustion air from entering the burner from an external environment when the fire is extinguished, in order to avoid heat losses.

Finally, there is a need for such an air intake mechanism which does not require a power supply to operate.

An aim of the invention is to resolve this problem by providing a manually controllable air intake mechanism device in which the passage surfaces of the different air intakes vary simultaneously depending on the positioning of the mechanism chosen by a user. . The position of the air intake mechanism, and therefore the passage surfaces of the different air intakes, can for example be modified by means of a simple lever by a user. The evolution of the passage surfaces of the different air intakes depending on the position of the mechanism makes it possible to achieve air distributions favoring ignition, power adjustment, as well as stopping the burner depending on the conditions. described above.

The invention is defined by the independent claims. The dependent claims define preferred embodiments.

• une partie fixe configurée pour être fixée immobilement par rapport à la chambre de combustion du brûleur, et comprenant des ouvertures de la partie fixe composées de :
  • ∘ une première ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre le flux d'air de grille,
  • ∘ une deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre le flux d'air primaire,
  • ∘ une troisième ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre le flux d'air secondaire,
  • ∘ une quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe pour admettre le flux d'air tertiaire,
• un clapet comprenant au moins une ouverture du clapet, le clapet étant positionné contre la partie fixe et mobile par rapport à la partie fixe sur un intervalle (A-E) de déplacement continu et comprenant des positions relatives α = A, B, C, D, E successives du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe.

According to a first aspect, the invention provides an air intake mechanism without power supply and manually controllable, for a solid fuel burner comprising a combustion chamber and a window allowing a user located outside the burner to see into the combustion chamber of the burner, the air intake mechanism being configured to distribute an entire supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber of the burner, the entire supply of combustion air of the burner being consisting of a grid air flow, a primary air flow, a secondary air flow, and a tertiary air flow to sweep the burner window, the mechanism comprising:

• a fixed part configured to be fixed immovably relative to the combustion chamber of the burner, and comprising openings in the fixed part composed of:
  • ∘ a first opening of the fixed part to admit the flow of grille air,
  • ∘ a second opening in the fixed part to admit the primary air flow,
  • ∘ a third opening in the fixed part to admit the secondary air flow,
  • ∘ a fourth opening in the fixed part to admit the tertiary air flow,
• a valve comprising at least one opening of the valve, the valve being positioned against the fixed part and movable relative to the fixed part over an interval (AE) of continuous movement and comprising relative positions α = A, B, C, D, Successive E of the valve relative to the fixed part.

• le chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la première, deuxième, et troisième ouverture de la partie fixe est une première fonction F1, une deuxième fonction F2, et une troisième fonction F3 de la position relative α, respectivement, qui varie entre une première, deuxième, et troisième valeur de chevauchement maximal, respectivement, égales à M1, M2, et M3, respectivement, et une valeur nulle dans laquelle la première, deuxième, et troisième ouverture de la partie fixe est obturée par le clapet, respectivement,
• le chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe est une quatrième fonction F4 de la position relative α qui varie entre une quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal égale à M4 et une valeur égale à f4E*M4 dans laquelle la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe est au moins partiellement obturée par le clapet, f4E étant compris entre 0 et 0.2.

The mechanism according to the invention is characterized in that, on the interval (AE) of the relative position α:

• the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the first, second, and third opening of the fixed part is a first function F1, a second function F2, and a third function F3 of the position relative α, respectively, which varies between a first, second, and third maximum overlap value, respectively, equal to M1, M2, and M3, respectively, and a zero value in which the first, second, and third opening of the part fixed is closed by the valve, respectively,
• the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the fourth opening of the fixed part is a fourth function F4 of the relative position α which varies between a fourth maximum overlap value equal to M4 and a value equal to f4E*M4 in which the fourth opening of the fixed part is at least partially closed by the valve, f4E being between 0 and 0.2.

• la première fonction F1 passe de manière monotone de la première valeur de chevauchement maximal M1 en α=A à la valeur nulle en α=E, la première fonction F1 étant égale à f1 B*M1 en α=B, f1B étant compris entre 0 et 0.3,
• la deuxième fonction F2 passe de manière monotone de la deuxième valeur de chevauchement maximal M2 en α=A à la valeur nulle en α=E, la deuxième fonction F2 étant égale à f2B*M2 en α=B, égale à f2C*M2 en α=C, et égale à f2D*M2 en α=D, f2B étant compris entre 0.7 et 1, f2C étant compris entre 0.4 et 0.9, f2D étant compris entre 0.1 et 0.5,
• la troisième fonction F3 passe de manière monotone d'une valeur égale à f3A*M3 en α=A à une valeur égale à f3B*M3 en α=B, f3A étant compris entre 0 et 0.6, et f3B étant égal à 1,
• la troisième fonction F3 passe de manière monotone de la valeur égale à f3B*M3 α=B à la valeur nulle en α=E, la troisième fonction F3 étant égale à f3C*M3 en α=C et à f3D*M3 en α=D, f3C étant compris entre 0.5 et 0.8 et f3D étant compris entre 0.2 et 0.6,
• la quatrième fonction F4 passe de manière monotone de la quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal M4 en α=A à la valeur égale à f4E*M4 en α=E, la quatrième fonction F4 étant égale à f4B*M4 en α=B, à f4C*M4 en α=C, et à f4D*M4 en α=D, f4B étant compris entre 0.8 et 1, f4C étant compris entre 0.4 et 1, f4D étant compris entre 0.15 et 1.

The mechanism according to the invention is characterized in that the mechanism is configured so that, on the interval (AE) of the relative position α:

• the first function F1 goes monotonically from the first maximum overlap value M1 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1 B*M1 at α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3,
• the second function F2 goes monotonically from the second maximum overlap value M2 in α=A to the zero value in α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 in α=B, equal to f2C*M2 in α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 in α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5,
• the third function F3 goes monotonically from a value equal to f3A*M3 in α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 in α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1,
• the third function F3 goes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 α=B to the zero value at α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 at α=C and to f3D*M3 at α= D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6,
• the fourth function F4 goes monotonically from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 at α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 at α=B, to f4C *M4 in α=C, and at f4D*M4 in α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, f4D being between 0.15 and 1.

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, the valve is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part along an axis of rotation and over a continuous interval (A-E) of angular positions α of the valve relative to the fixed part comprising the successive angular positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism preferably comprising a lever attached to the valve and configured to allow a modification of the angular position α of the valve by a user.

In an advantageous and alternative embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, the valve is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part along an axis of translation and over a continuous interval (A-E) of linear positions α of the valve relative to the fixed part comprising the successive linear positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism preferably comprising a lever attached to the valve and configured to allow modification of the linear position α of the valve by the user.

• la première ouverture de la partie fixe comprend un ou plusieurs orifices de la première ouverture de la partie fixe,
• la deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe comprend un ou plusieurs orifices de la deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe,
• la troisième ouverture de la partie fixe comprend un ou plusieurs orifices de la troisième ouverture de la partie fixe,
• la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe comprend un ou plusieurs orifices de la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe.

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention,

• the first opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the first opening of the fixed part,
• the second opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the second opening of the fixed part,
• the third opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the third opening of the fixed part,
• the fourth opening of the fixed part comprises one or more orifices of the fourth opening of the fixed part.

• une angulation B-A comprise entre les positions angulaires α=A et α=B est comprise entre 1° et 25°, de préférence entre 2° et 10°, de préférence entre 2° et 5°, de préférence égale à 2°,
• des angulations C-B, D-C, et E-D respectivement comprises entre les positions angulaires α=B et α=C, α=C et α=D, α=D et α=E, sont chacune comprises entre 1° et 25°, de préférence entre 2° et 10°, de préférence entre 3° et 7°, et de préférence égales à 3°.

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention:

• an angulation BA between the angular positions α=A and α=B is between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 2° and 5°, preferably equal to 2°,
• angulations CB, DC, and ED respectively between the angular positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 3° and 7°, and preferably equal to 3°.

• une distance B-A comprise entre les positions linéaires α=A et α=B est comprise entre 2 mm et 100 mm, de préférence entre 5 mm et 50 mm, de préférence entre 10 mm et 30 mm, de préférence égale à 20 mm,
• des distances B-A, C-B, D-C, et E-D respectivement comprises entre les positions linéaires α=B et α=C, α=C et α=D, α=D et α=E, sont chacune comprises entre 2 mm et 100 mm, de préférence entre 5 mm et 70 mm, de préférence entre 10 mm et 50 mm, et de préférence égales à 40 mm.

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention:

• a distance BA between the linear positions α=A and α=B is between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably equal to 20 mm,
• distances BA, CB, DC, and ED respectively between the linear positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 50 mm, and preferably equal to 40 mm.

• la première valeur de chevauchement maximal M1 est comprise entre 50 mm² et 1000 mm², de préférence entre 100 mm² et 600 mm², de préférence entre 200 mm² et 400 mm²,
• la deuxième valeur de chevauchement maximal M2 est comprise entre 50 mm² et 1000 mm², de préférence entre 100 mm² et 600 mm², de préférence entre 200 mm² et 400 mm²,
• la troisième valeur de chevauchement maximal M3 est comprise entre 150 mm² et 2500 mm², de préférence entre 300 mm² et 1200 mm², de préférence entre 450 mm² et 750 mm²,
• la quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal M4 est comprise entre 100 mm² et 1600 mm², de préférence entre 200 mm² et 800 mm², de préférence entre 300 mm² et 500 mm².

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention:

• the first maximum overlap value M1 is between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² , preferably between 100 mm ² and 600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 400 mm ² ,
• the second maximum overlap value M2 is between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² , preferably between 100 mm ² and 600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 400 mm ² ,
• the third maximum overlap value M3 is between 150 mm ² and 2500 mm ² , preferably between 300 mm ² and 1200 mm ² , preferably between 450 mm ² and 750 mm ² ,
• the fourth maximum overlap value M4 is between 100 mm ² and 1600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 800 mm ² , preferably between 300 mm ² and 500 mm ² .

• un rapport F1/(F1+F2+F3+F4) est compris entre 17% et 27% en α=A, entre 0% et 5% en α=B, C, et D,
• un rapport F2/(F1+F2+F3+F4) est compris entre 14% et 24% en α=A, entre 15% et 25% en α=B, entre 21% et 31% en α=C, entre 19% et 29% en α=D,
• un rapport F3/(F1+F2+F3+F4) est compris entre 20% et 30% en α=A, entre 43% et 53% en α=B, entre 46% et 56% en α=C, entre 48% et 58% en α=D,
• un rapport F4/(F1+F2+F3+F4) est compris entre 28% et 38% en α=A, entre 27% et 37% en α=B, entre 18% et 28% en α=C, entre 18% et 28% en α=D.

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention:

• a ratio F1/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 17% and 27% in α=A, between 0% and 5% in α=B, C, and D,
• a ratio F2/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 14% and 24% in α=A, between 15% and 25% in α=B, between 21% and 31% in α=C, between 19 % and 29% in α=D,
• a ratio F3/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 20% and 30% in α=A, between 43% and 53% in α=B, between 46% and 56% in α=C, between 48 % and 58% in α=D,
• a ratio F4/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 28% and 38% in α=A, between 27% and 37% in α=B, between 18% and 28% in α=C, between 18 % and 28% in α=D.

• f1B est compris entre 0 et 0.2, de préférence entre 0 et 0.1, de préférence égal à 0,
• la première fonction F1 est une fonction sensiblement linéaire de la position relative α sur une sélection quelconque parmi les intervalles A-B, B-C, C-D, DE,
• f2B est supérieur à 0.8, de préférence supérieur à 0.9, de préférence égal à 1,
• f2C est compris entre 0.5 et 0.8, de préférence entre 0.6 et 0.7,
• f2D est compris entre 0.2 et 0.4, de préférence entre 0.3 et 0.4,
• la deuxième fonction F2 est une fonction sensiblement linéaire de la position relative α sur sélection quelconque parmi les intervalles A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E,
• f3A est compris entre 0.1 et 0.5, de préférence entre 0.2 et 0.4,
• f3C est compris entre 0.6 et 0.7,
• f3D est compris entre 0.3 et 0.5,
• la troisième fonction F3 est une fonction sensiblement linéaire de la position relative α sur une sélection quelconque parmi les intervalles A-B, B-C, C-D, DE,
• f4B est compris entre 0.9 et 1, de préférence égal à 1,
• f4C est compris entre 0.5 et 0.9, de préférence entre 0.6 et 0.8,
• f4D est compris entre 0.2 et 0.7, de préférence entre 0.2 et 0.4,
• f4E est compris entre 0.0 et 0.1, de préférence égal à 0.1,
• la quatrième fonction F4 est une fonction sensiblement linéaire de la position relative α sur une sélection quelconque parmi les intervalles A-B, B-C, C-D, DE.

In an advantageous embodiment of the air intake mechanism according to the invention, any selection among the following conditions is met:

• f1B is between 0 and 0.2, preferably between 0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0,
• the first function F1 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE,
• f2B is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.9, preferably equal to 1,
• f2C is between 0.5 and 0.8, preferably between 0.6 and 0.7,
• f2D is between 0.2 and 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4,
• the second function F2 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α upon any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE,
• f3A is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4,
• f3C is between 0.6 and 0.7,
• f3D is between 0.3 and 0.5,
• the third function F3 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE,
• f4B is between 0.9 and 1, preferably equal to 1,
• f4C is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8,
• f4D is between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4,
• f4E is between 0.0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0.1,
• the fourth function F4 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the air intake mechanism further comprises a positioning mechanism configured to impose preferential relative positions α of the valve, preferably at α = A, B, C, D, E , the positioning mechanism preferably comprising a spring, and the handle being preferably rigidly attached to the valve.

• une vitre configurée pour permettre à un utilisateur situé hors du brûleur de voir dans la chambre de combustion,
• une sole comprenant au moins un orifice d'admission d'air de grille en communication fluidique avec la première ouverture de la partie fixe et configuré pour permettre une entrée du flux d'air de grille dans la chambre de combustion au niveau du dessous du combustible solide entreposé sur la sole, l'au moins un orifice d'admission d'air de grille étant de préférence compris dans une grille configurée pour permettre un passage des cendres de la chambre de combustion vers un cendrier, par exemple par gravité.
• un orifice d'admission d'air primaire en communication fluidique avec la deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe et configuré pour permettre une entrée du flux d'air primaire dans la chambre de combustion au niveau d'une partie inférieure du combustible solide entreposé sur la sole,
• un orifice d'admission d'air secondaire en communication fluidique avec la troisième ouverture de la partie fixe et configuré pour permettre une entrée du flux d'air secondaire dans la chambre de combustion au niveau d'une partie supérieure du combustible solide entreposé sur la sole, l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire étant préférablement compris dans une paroi arrière de la chambre de combustion, ou entre la paroi arrière et une paroi supérieure de la chambre de combustion,
• un orifice d'admission d'air tertiaire dans la chambre de combustion en communication fluidique avec la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe et configuré pour admettre le flux d'air tertiaire ou air de balayage de vitre le long de et parallèlement à une surface de la vitre, l'orifice d'admission d'air tertiaire dans la chambre de combustion étant préférablement situé dans une partie supérieure de la chambre de combustion.

According to a second aspect, the invention provides a solid fuel burner comprising the air intake mechanism according to the invention, and the combustion chamber of which comprises:

• a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner to see into the combustion chamber,
• a hearth comprising at least one grate air intake port in fluid communication with the first opening of the fixed part and configured to allow entry of the grate air flow into the combustion chamber at the level of the underside of the fuel solid stored on the hearth, the at least one grate air intake orifice preferably being included in a grate configured to allow passage of ashes from the combustion chamber to an ashtray, for example by gravity.
• a primary air intake port in fluid communication with the second opening of the fixed part and configured to allow entry of the primary air flow into the combustion chamber at a lower part of the solid fuel stored on the sole,
• a secondary air intake port in fluid communication with the third opening of the fixed part and configured to allow entry of the secondary air flow into the combustion chamber at the level of an upper part of the solid fuel stored on the sole, the secondary air intake port being preferably included in a rear wall of the combustion chamber, or between the rear wall and an upper wall of the combustion chamber,
• a tertiary air intake port into the combustion chamber in fluid communication with the fourth opening of the fixed part and configured to admit the flow of tertiary air or window sweeping air along and parallel to a surface of the window, the tertiary air intake port into the combustion chamber being preferably located in an upper part of the combustion chamber.

Brief description of the drawings

• la Figure 1 est un graphique représentant des exemples d'évolution du chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la première ouverture de la partie fixe configurée pour admettre un flux d'air de grille dans la chambre de combustion, en fonction de la position relative du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe ;
• la Figure 2 est un graphique représentant des exemples d'évolution du chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe configurée pour admettre un flux d'air primaire dans la chambre de combustion, en fonction de la position relative du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe ;
• la Figure 3 est un graphique représentant des exemples d'évolution du chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la troisième ouverture de la partie fixe configurée pour admettre un flux d'air secondaire dans la chambre de combustion, en fonction de la position relative du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe ;
• la Figure 4 est un graphique représentant des exemples d'évolution du chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe configurée pour admettre un flux d'air tertiaire dans la chambre de combustion, en fonction de la position relative du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe ;
• la Figure 5 est un graphique représentant un exemple d'évolution du chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet et la première, deuxième, troisième, et quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe en fonction de la position relative du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe ;
• la Figure 6 représente un exemple de mécanisme d'admission d'air selon l'invention, dans lequel le clapet est mobile en rotation par rapport à la partie fixe ;
• les Figures 7a et 7b représentent des vues détaillées du clapet du mécanisme d'admission d'air de la Figure 6 et comprenant plusieurs ouvertures de clapet comprenant chacune plusieurs orifices permettant un passage de l'air de combustion ;
• les Figures 8a et 8b représentent des vues détaillées de la partie fixe du mécanisme d'admission d'air de la Figure 6 et comprenant plusieurs ouvertures de la partie fixe comprenant chacune plusieurs orifices permettant un passage de l'air de combustion ;
• les Figures 9a à 9e représentent différentes positions relatives du clapet par rapport à la partie fixe dans le mécanisme d'admission d'air de la Figure 6 ;
• la Figure 10 représente un autre exemple de mécanisme d'admission d'air selon l'invention, dans lequel le clapet est mobile en translation par rapport à la partie fixe.
• la Figure 11 représente une vue en perspective et en coupe d'un exemple de brûleur de combustible solide selon l'invention.
• la Figure 12 représente une vue en coupe d'un exemple de brûleur de combustible solide selon l'invention.
• la Figure 11 représente une vue en perspective et en coupe d'un autre exemple de brûleur de combustible solide selon l'invention.
• la Figure 12 représente une vue en coupe d'un autre exemple de brûleur de combustible solide selon l'invention.

These aspects and other aspects of the invention will be explained in more detail by means of the embodiments of the invention described below by way of example(s), with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

• there Figure 1 is a graph representing examples of the evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the first opening of the fixed part configured to admit a flow of grate air into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve relative to the fixed part;
• there Figure 2 is a graph representing examples of evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the second opening of the fixed part configured to admit a flow of primary air into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve relative to the fixed part;
• there Figure 3 is a graph representing examples of evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the third opening of the fixed part configured to admit a secondary air flow into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve relative to the fixed part;
• there Figure 4 is a graph representing examples of evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the fourth opening of the fixed part configured to admit a flow of tertiary air into the combustion chamber, as a function of the relative position of the valve relative to the fixed part;
• there Figure 5 is a graph representing an example of the evolution of the overlap between the at least one valve opening and the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part as a function of the relative position of the valve relative to the fixed part;
• there Figure 6 represents an example of an air intake mechanism according to the invention, in which the valve is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part;
• THE Figures 7a and 7b show detailed views of the valve of the air intake mechanism of the Figure 6 and comprising several valve openings each comprising several orifices allowing air to pass through combustion;
• THE Figures 8a and 8b represent detailed views of the fixed part of the air intake mechanism of the Figure 6 and comprising several openings of the fixed part each comprising several orifices allowing combustion air to pass through;
• THE Figures 9a to 9e represent different relative positions of the valve relative to the fixed part in the air intake mechanism of the Figure 6 ;
• there Figure 10 represents another example of an air intake mechanism according to the invention, in which the valve is movable in translation relative to the fixed part.
• there Figure 11 represents a perspective and sectional view of an example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention.
• there Figure 12 represents a sectional view of an example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention.
• there Figure 11 represents a perspective and sectional view of another example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention.
• there Figure 12 represents a sectional view of another example of a solid fuel burner according to the invention.

Detailed description of embodiments of the invention

There Figure 6 represents an example of an air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention configured to supply combustion air to a combustion chamber 200 of a solid fuel burner 300, for example the burner 300 shown in Figures 11 to 14 . For example, the burner 300 can be a fireplace, a stove or an insert for domestic use for heating a family home. The combustion chamber 200 includes a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner 300 to see inside the combustion chamber 200. As shown in Figures 11-14 , the window is preferably vertical, preferably included in a front wall of the combustion chamber, and preferably in a door configured to close an opening 240 in the front wall of the combustion chamber 200. The solid fuel can be wood and/or or coal. The mechanism 100 comprises a fixed part 110 relative to the combustion chamber 200, that is to say immobile and preferably attached to the combustion chamber 200, for example through a structure or a frame of the burner 300. The mechanism 100 also includes a movable part or valve 120 which is movable relative to the fixed part 110.

Fixed part

• ∘ une première ouverture de la partie fixe 111 pour admettre un débit ou flux d'air de grille dans la chambre de combustion 200,
• ∘ une deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe 112 pour admettre un débit ou flux d'air primaire dans la chambre de combustion 200,
• ∘ une troisième ouverture de la partie fixe 113 pour admettre un débit ou flux d'air secondaire dans la chambre de combustion 200,
• ∘ une quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe 114 pour admettre un débit ou flux d'air tertiaire dans la chambre de combustion 200.

Chacune des ouvertures de la partie fixe peut comprendre un ou plusieurs orifices.As shown in Figure 8a , the fixed part 110 comprises openings in the fixed part consisting of:

• ∘ a first opening of the fixed part 111 to admit a flow or flow of grid air into the combustion chamber 200,
• ∘ a second opening of the fixed part 112 to admit a flow or flow of primary air into the combustion chamber 200,
• ∘ a third opening of the fixed part 113 to admit a secondary air flow or flow into the combustion chamber 200,
• ∘ a fourth opening of the fixed part 114 to admit a flow or flow of tertiary air into the combustion chamber 200.

Each of the openings of the fixed part may include one or more orifices.

The openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 pass through the fixed part 110 and define a passage area or section of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114. As shown in Figure 8b , the openings of the fixed part can each comprise or be made up of one or more orifices passing through the fixed part 110. The passage section of the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part corresponds to the sum of the areas passage of the orifices of the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part, respectively. In an example of the fixed part 110 according to the invention shown in Figure 8b , the first opening of the fixed part 111 is made up of six orifices 111a, 111b, 111c, 111d, 111e, 111f, the second opening of the fixed part 112 is made up of two orifices 112a, 112b, the third opening of the fixed part 113 consists of three orifices 113a, 113b, 113c, and the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 consists of two orifices 114a, 114b.

The mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured to distribute an entire supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber 200 of the burner 300, that is to say that a sum of the grid air flows, primary, secondary, and tertiary passing through the openings of the fixed part constitute the entire supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber 200. The mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured to be in fluid communication with an environment or a external atmosphere from which the combustion air is extracted on the one hand, and with the combustion chamber 200 into which the combustion air is admitted on the other hand, for example via pipes, channels or conduits.

Depending on the desired combustion regime, the distribution or distribution of the air extracted from the external environment between the grille, primary, secondary and tertiary air flows can be modified by closing the first more or less, second, third, and fourth openings 111, 112, 113, 114 of the fixed part, respectively, by means of the valve 120.

Flapper

As shown in Figures 7a and 7b , the valve 120 of an example of mechanism 100 according to the invention may comprise one or more openings of the valve 121, 122, 123, 124, each comprising one or more orifices of the openings of the valve. In an example of valve 120 according to the invention as illustrated in Figure 7a and 7b , a first opening of the valve 121 is configured to overlap the first opening of the fixed part 111. The first valve opening 121 comprises several orifices 121a, 121b, 121c, 121d, 121e, 121f of the first valve opening 121, each being configured to overlap one of the orifices 111a, 111b, 111c, 111d, 111e, 111f of the first opening of the fixed part 111. Similarly, a second opening of the valve 122 is configured to overlap the second opening of the fixed part 112. The second valve opening 122 comprises several orifices 122a, 122b of the second valve opening 122, each being configured to overlap one of the orifices 112a, 112b of the second opening of the fixed part 112. A third opening of the valve 123 is configured to overlap the third opening of the fixed part 113. The third valve opening 123 comprises several orifices 123a, 123b, 123c of the third valve opening 123, each being configured to overlap one of the orifices 113a, 113b, 113c of the third opening of the fixed part 113. A fourth opening of the valve 124 is configured to overlap the fourth opening of the fixed part 114. The fourth valve opening 124 comprises several orifices 124a, 124b of the fourth valve opening 124, each being configured to overlap one of the orifices 114a, 114b of the fourth opening of the fixed part 114.

As illustrated in Figures 9a-9e , the valve 120 in the mounted position is positioned against the fixed part 110 and movable relative to the fixed part 120 over an interval AE of relative movement of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part which is between the relative positions α = A and α = E of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110. The relative displacement interval AE is continuous and includes the relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E, successively and in order, of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110.

Mechanism

• ∘ la première fonction F1 varie entre une première valeur de chevauchement maximal M1 correspondant à une aire de passage maximale du flux d'air de grille, et une valeur nulle dans laquelle la première ouverture 111 de la partie fixe est totalement obturée par le clapet 120 et le flux d'air de grille est nul,
• ∘ la deuxième fonction F2 varie entre une deuxième valeur de chevauchement maximal M2 correspondant à une aire de passage maximale du flux d'air primaire, et une valeur nulle dans laquelle la deuxième ouverture 112 de la partie fixe est totalement obturée par le clapet 120 et le flux d'air primaire est nul,
• ∘ la troisième fonction F3 varie entre une troisième valeur de chevauchement maximal M3 correspondant à une aire de passage maximale du flux d'air secondaire, et une valeur nulle dans laquelle la troisième ouverture 113 de la partie fixe est totalement obturée par le clapet 120 et le flux d'air secondaire est nul,
• ∘ la quatrième fonction F4 varie entre une quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal M4 correspondant à une aire de passage maximale du flux d'air tertiaire, et une valeur égale à f4E*M4 dans laquelle la quatrième ouverture 114 de la partie fixe est au moins partiellement obturée par le clapet 120 et le flux d'air tertiaire est proche de ou égal à zéro.

With reference to Figures 1 to 5 , the mechanism 100 according to the invention is characterized in that, over the interval AE of the relative position α, the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124 and the first, second, third , and fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 is a first function F1, a second function F2, a third function F3, and a fourth function F4 of the relative position α, respectively. The first function F1, second function F2, third function F3, and fourth function F4 therefore take as their value a passage area corresponding to a portion of the area or section of the first, second, third, or fourth opening of the fixed part 110, respectively, which is not closed by the valve 120. On the interval AE:

• ∘ the first function F1 varies between a first maximum overlap value M1 corresponding to a maximum passage area of the grille air flow, and a zero value in which the first opening 111 of the fixed part is completely closed by the valve 120 and the grille air flow is zero,
• ∘ the second function F2 varies between a second maximum overlap value M2 corresponding to a maximum passage area of the primary air flow, and a zero value in which the second opening 112 of the fixed part is completely closed by the valve 120 and the primary air flow is zero,
• ∘ the third function F3 varies between a third maximum overlap value M3 corresponding to a maximum passage area of the secondary air flow, and a zero value in which the third opening 113 of the fixed part is completely closed by the valve 120 and the secondary air flow is zero,
• ∘ the fourth function F4 varies between a fourth maximum overlap value M4 corresponding to a maximum passage area of the tertiary air flow, and a value equal to f4E*M4 in which the fourth opening 114 of the fixed part is at least partially closed by the valve 120 and the tertiary air flow is close to or equal to zero.

In an exemplary embodiment of the mechanism according to the invention, the fourth function F4 varies between the fourth maximum overlap value M4 corresponding to a maximum passage area of the tertiary air flow, and a zero value. Generally in the invention, a zero value of the fourth function F4 corresponds to the case where the fourth opening 114 of the fixed part is closed, that is to say completely closed, by the valve 120. In certain modes of embodiment of the invention, the mechanism makes it possible to reach the zero value of the fourth function F4, while in other embodiments of the invention, the mechanism according to the invention does not make it possible to reach the zero value of the fourth function F4.

A modification of the relative position α therefore induces a variation in the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124 and the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 and therefore determines an effective area or section of air passage through the first, second, third, and fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114, respectively, represented by the functions F1, F2, F3, and F4, respectively.

Preferably, the mechanism is configured so that the first maximum overlap value M1 is between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² , preferably between 100 mm ² and 600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 400 mm ² . Preferably, the second maximum overlap value M2 is between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² , preferably between 100 mm ² and 600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 400 mm ² . Preferably, the third maximum overlap value M3 is between 150 mm ² and 2500 mm ² , preferably between 300 mm ² and 1200 mm ² , preferably between 450 mm ² and 750 mm ² . Preferably, the fourth maximum overlap value M4 is between 100 mm ² and 1600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 800 mm ² , preferably between 300 mm ² and 500 mm ² .

In a preferred example of an intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, M1 is between 255 mm ² and 310 mm ² , M2 is between 219 mm ² and 267 mm ² , M3 is between 567 mm ² and 693 mm ² , and M4 is between 376 mm ² and 459 mm ² . Such a mechanism 100 makes it possible to supply combustion air to the combustion chamber of a burner whose calorific power transmitted to its environment is between 5 and 15 kW, preferably between 8 and 12 kW.

• ∘ la première fonction F1 passe de manière monotone de la première valeur de chevauchement maximal M1 en α=A à la valeur nulle en α=E, la première fonction F1 étant égale à f1B*M1 en α=B, f1B étant compris entre 0 et 0.3,
• ∘ la deuxième fonction F2 passe de manière monotone de la deuxième valeur de chevauchement maximal M2 en α=A à la valeur nulle en α=E, la deuxième fonction F2 étant égale à f2B*M2 en α=B, égale à f2C*M2 en α=C, et égale à f2D*M2 en α=D, f2B étant compris entre 0.7 et 1, f2C étant compris entre 0.4 et 0.9, f2D étant compris entre 0.1 et 0.5,
• ∘ la troisième fonction F3 passe de manière monotone d'une valeur égale à f3A*M3 en α=A à une valeur égale à f3B*M3 en α=B, f3A étant compris entre 0 et 0.6, et f3B étant égal à 1,
• ∘ la troisième fonction F3 passe de manière monotone de la valeur égale à f3B*M3 α=B à la valeur nulle en α=E, la troisième fonction F3 étant égale à f3C*M3 en α=C et à f3D*M3 en α=D, f3C étant compris entre 0.5 et 0.8 et f3D étant compris entre 0.2 et 0.6,
• ∘ la quatrième fonction F4 passe de manière monotone de la quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal M4 en α=A à la valeur égale à f4E*M4 en α=E, la quatrième fonction F4 étant égale à f4B*M4 en α=B, à f4C*M4 en α=C, et à f4D*M4 en α=D, f4B étant compris entre 0.8 et 1, f4C étant compris entre 0.4 et 1, et f4D étant compris entre 0.15 et 1.

As illustrated in Figures 1-5 , the mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured so that, on the interval AE of the relative position α:

• ∘ the first function F1 passes monotonically from the first maximum overlap value M1 in α=A to the zero value in α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 in α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3,
• ∘ the second function F2 goes monotonically from the second maximum overlap value M2 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 at α=B, equal to f2C*M2 in α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 in α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5,
• ∘ the third function F3 goes monotonically from a value equal to f3A*M3 in α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 in α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1,
• ∘ the third function F3 passes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 α=B to the zero value at α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 in α=C and f3D*M3 in α=D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6,
• ∘ the fourth function F4 passes monotonically from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 in α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 in α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 in α=B, at f4C*M4 in α=C, and f4D*M4 in α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, and f4D being between 0.15 and 1.

The valve 120 of the mechanism 100 according to the invention can be movable in rotation relative to the fixed part 110. In the example of mechanism 100 according to the invention shown in Figures 9a-9e , the valve 120 is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part 120 along an axis of rotation 120r and over a continuous interval AE of angular positions α of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110 comprising the successive angular positions α = A, B, C, D, E. In the mechanism 100 according to the invention, an angulation BA, that is to say a difference in angular position separating the angular positions α=A and α=B, is preferably between 1 ° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 2° and 5°, preferably equal to 2°. Preferably, angulations CB, DC, and ED separating the angular positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, respectively, are each between 1° and 25° , preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 3° and 7°, and preferably equal to 3°.

The valve 120 of the mechanism 100 according to the invention can also be movable in translation relative to the fixed part 110. In the example of air intake mechanism 100 partially represented in the Figure 10 , the valve 120 not shown comprises a single opening of the valve 121 consisting of a single orifice of rectangular shape having a width L measured in a direction X, and which extends in a direction Y across all the openings 111, 112, 113, 114 of the fixed part. The valve not shown extends around the valve opening 121 so that the parts of the openings of the fixed part 110 not overlapped by the valve opening 121 are closed by the valve. The valve 120 is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part 110 along a translation axis 120t and over a continuous interval AE of linear positions α of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110. The interval AE includes the successive linear positions α = A, B, C, D, E, which are separated by a distance measured in the direction X which is equal to L.

The evolution of the effective sections of passage of the grille, primary, secondary, and tertiary air flows through the openings 111, 112, 113, 114 of the fixed part in the example of mechanism 100 of the Figure 10 is represented at the Figure 5 . During the design process of the mechanism 100, the person skilled in the art can begin by deriving a graph such as that shown in Figure 5 . For this, the skilled person can choose the evolution of each of the functions F1, F2, F3, and F4 as a function of the relative position α, within the limits represented by the dotted lines in the Figure 1-4 . Preferably, the person skilled in the art will choose the functions F1, F2, F3, F4 in a manner adapted to the burner in which the mechanism 100 will be integrated, and in such a way as to favor one or more performances of the burner such as: maximizing the heat output of the combustion during operation of the burner at full speed, minimize burner ignition duration, minimize pollutant emissions from combustion, minimize dirt on the burner window. In a following step, the skilled person can design an air intake mechanism 100 making it possible to obtain the chosen functions F1, F2, F3, and F4. For this, it can choose the shape of a valve opening 121, and then determine the shape of each of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 which will be overlapped by the valve opening 121. The shape of each of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 can be determined independently of the other openings of the fixed part, which facilitates the design of the mechanism 100.

In a preferred example of the mechanism 100 according to the invention comprising a valve 120 movable in translation relative to the fixed part 110, a distance BA separating the linear positions α=A and α=B is between 2 mm and 100 mm, of preferably between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably equal to 20 mm. Preferably, distances BA, CB, DC, and ED respectively separating the linear positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 50 mm, and preferably equal to 40 mm.

• un rapport F1/F1+F2+F3+F4 est compris entre 17% et 27% en α=A, entre 0% et 5% en α=B, C, et D,
• un rapport F2/F1+F2+F3+F4 est compris entre 14% et 24% en α=A, entre 15% et 25% en α=B, entre 21% et 31% en α=C, entre 19% et 29% en α=D,
• un rapport F3/F1+F2+F3+F4 est compris entre 20% et 30% en α=A, entre 43% et 53% en α=B, entre 46% et 56% en α=C, entre 48% et 58% en α=D,
• un rapport F4/F1+F2+F3+F4 est compris entre 28% et 38% en α=A, entre 27% et 37% en α=B, entre 18% et 28% en α=C, entre 18% et 28% en α=D.

The ratios between the effective passage sections of the openings of the fixed part determine the distribution of the air coming from the external atmosphere between the different grille, primary, secondary and tertiary air flows. Preferably, the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured so that:

• a ratio F1/F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 17% and 27% in α=A, between 0% and 5% in α=B, C, and D,
• a ratio F2/F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 14% and 24% in α=A, between 15% and 25% in α=B, between 21% and 31% in α=C, between 19% and 29% in α=D,
• a ratio F3/F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 20% and 30% in α=A, between 43% and 53% in α=B, between 46% and 56% in α=C, between 48% and 58% in α=D,
• a ratio F4/F1+F2+F3+F4 is between 28% and 38% in α=A, between 27% and 37% in α=B, between 18% and 28% in α=C, between 18% and 28% in α=D.

As shown in Figures 6-8b , the portions of the surfaces of the fixed part 110 and the valve 120 which are or can be in contact following a relative movement of the valve in the mounted position relative to the fixed part are preferably planar. The orifices of the openings of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 are preferably included in a plate of the fixed part, or in a portion of the fixed part which is substantially flat. Preferably, the at least one opening of the valve 121, 122, 123, 124 is included in a plate of the valve in contact with the plate of the fixed part.

Controller

The mechanism 100 is manually controllable and does not require an energy supply, in particular electrical, to operate, that is to say to modify a relative position α of the valve relative to the fixed part. The mechanism 110 is configured to operate even in the event of a power outage for example, and preferably configured so that the relative position α does not change in the event of a power outage. For example, the mechanism 100 is not configured to change relative position α and automatically evolve towards a safety configuration or relative position in which a supply of combustion air is limited when it ceases to be supplied with electricity.

The mechanism 100 according to the invention preferably comprises a mechanism for modifying the position of the air intake mechanism by a user, for example a handle, a rotary knob, or a cursor. Preferably, the mechanism 100 comprises a lever 130 coupled to the valve 120 and configured to allow a user to modify a relative position α of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110. Preferably, when the valve 120 is movable in rotation by with respect to the fixed part 110, the lever 130 is rigidly attached to the valve 120 and configured to allow a modification of an angular position α of the valve 120 by a user. Preferably, when the valve 120 is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part 110, the lever 130 is coupled to the valve 120 through a connecting rod-crank system so that the lever can be rotated by a user to induce a translation movement of the valve relative to the fixed part.

Preferably, the mechanism 100 according to the invention is configured to allow adjustment of the relative position α by a user by modifying a position of a single mechanical part coupled to the valve, for example a single lever in order to simplify the adjustment of the burner . Adjusting the four air flows entering the combustion chamber of the burner is therefore easy for a user.

The air intake mechanism 100 preferably comprises a positioning mechanism configured to impose preferential relative positions α of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110, the preferential relative positions corresponding to α = A, B, D, E , preferably at α = A, B, C, D, E. In other words, the positioning mechanism is configured so that the valve stabilizes preferentially in positions α determined by the positioning mechanism when a user moves the joystick to modify the relative position α. Preferably, the positioning mechanism comprises a spring and is configured to generate a restoring force tending to position the valve 120 in each of the relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E with respect to the fixed part 110.

Burner

According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a solid fuel burner comprising the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention. The burner 300 includes the combustion chamber 200, to which combustion air, sometimes referred to as 'combustion air', is supplied from an atmosphere external to the burner and via the air intake mechanism 100. The chamber combustion chamber 200 comprises a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner 300 to see into the combustion chamber 200. Preferably, the burner comprises a door comprising the window and configured to close an opening 240 in the wall front of the burner 300 when the burner is lit, the door being closed when the burner is lit in order to prevent fumes from entering a room where the burner is installed. As shown in Figures 11-14 , the opening 240 of the front wall allows for example solid fuel such as wood to be stored on the hearth 210. In order to allow a user to see the flames inside the combustion chamber 200, the window should preferably remain clean when the burner is lit. For this, the combustion chamber 200 preferably comprises a tertiary air admission orifice into the combustion chamber 241 in fluid communication with the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 and configured to admit the flow of tertiary air or combustion air. window sweeping at the window level. Preferably, the tertiary air flow is admitted at an upper part of the window included in the door closing the opening 240 in the front wall of the combustion chamber. The tertiary air intake port in the combustion chamber 241 is preferably adjacent to the window, and configured so that the tertiary air flow circulates along the window and sweeps it. For example, in the device shown in Figures 11-14 , the tertiary air flow is brought from the admission mechanism according to the invention via pipes to the upper level of the vertical window and is admitted in a vertical direction and downwards in order to sweep an entire height of the window. This tertiary air flow is admitted into the combustion chamber over the entire width of the window. The tertiary air flow sweeping across the window forms a barrier preventing fumes from combustion within the combustion chamber from coming into contact with the window, and preventing soot or tar particles carried in the fumes from entering. deposit and to dirty the window. The tertiary air intake port into the combustion chamber is preferably located at the upper level of the window and preferably included in an upper part of the combustion chamber. After sweeping the window, the tertiary air flow comes into contact and mixes at least partially with the gases resulting from the combustion of the solid fuel which rises above the solid fuel stored on the floor. The tertiary air flow thus contributes to supplying the post-combustion within the combustion chamber, the post-combustion or second combustion consisting of burning the solid fuel more completely by supplying oxygen to the combustion of the gases resulting from a first combustion of the solid fuel. Post-combustion generates a gain in heat output from combustion and a reduction in polluting emissions by promoting the more complete combustion of particles and gases resulting from the first combustion of the solid fuel.

As shown in Figures 11-14 , the combustion chamber 200 of the burner comprises a sole 210 located in a lower part of the combustion chamber 200 and configured to store the solid fuel. The hearth 210 comprises at least one grille air intake port 211 in fluid communication with the first opening of the fixed part 111 and configured to allow entry of the grille air flow into the combustion chamber 200 from below solid fuel stored on the hearth 210. The at least one grid air intake orifice is configured to allow evacuation of ashes from the combustion chamber towards an ashtray, for example by the effect of gravity. The at least one grille air intake orifice is preferably included in a grille closing an opening in the hearth and configured to allow evacuation of ashes from the combustion chamber towards the ashtray. For example, the grid can be made of metal bars, or a metal plate pierced with circular or elongated openings. The flow of grate air admitted into the combustion chamber comes into direct contact with the fuel stored on the grate and supplies oxygen to the first combustion of the fuel. The grate air is essential during the ignition phase of the burner 300. When combustion is initiated, the heat output released by the combustion is low, and therefore the draft as well, which generates low heat flow. grid air, primary, secondary, and tertiary. The quantity of fresh air entering the combustion chamber 200 is therefore low during ignition. Ignition is therefore facilitated by maximizing the grate air flow relative to other combustion air flows because the grate air flow penetrates directly into the fuel. On the other hand, during ignition, the first combustion releases few incompletely burned particles and gases which constitute the fuels of the second combustion. Therefore, the heat released by the post-combustion is negligible and the supply of fresh air to the post-combustion or second combustion can be reduced.

As shown in Figures 11-14 , the combustion chamber 200 of the burner comprises at least one primary air intake orifice 221 in fluid communication with the second opening of the fixed part 112, for example by means of pipes or channels passing through the burner 300. at least one primary air intake port 221 is preferably located in the lower part of the combustion chamber 200. The at least one primary air intake port is configured to admit the primary air flow into the combustion chamber 200 at the level of a lower part or the base of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210. Preferably, the at least one primary air intake orifice 221 is included in the hearth 210 and/or in a part of a wall of the combustion chamber adjacent to the hearth 210, for example a metal plate, so that the primary air flow entering the combustion chamber is directed towards the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210 , and feeds a first combustion of the solid fuel. Preferably, a distance measured in the vertical direction between the at least one primary air intake orifice 221 and the sole 210 is between 0 and 10 cm, preferably between 0 and 5 cm, preferably between 0 and 3 cm.

As shown in Figures 11-14 , the combustion chamber 200 of the burner comprises at least one secondary air intake orifice 231 in fluid communication with the third opening of the fixed part 113, preferably through channels or pipes attached to the burner. The secondary air intake port 231 is preferably located above an upper part of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210. The secondary air intake port 231 is configured to admit the flow of secondary air in the combustion chamber 200 towards the upper part of the fuel solid stored on the hearth 210. The secondary air intake orifice 231 is preferably included in a rear wall 230 of the combustion chamber 200, or between the rear wall 230 and an upper wall 250 of the combustion chamber 200 overhanging the hearth 210. The secondary air flow admitted into the combustion chamber via the secondary air intake port mixes with the gases and particles rising above the solid fuel and constitutes a supply of fresh combustion air for post-combustion within the combustion chamber 200, in the same way as the tertiary air flow.

In the present context, the use of the terms 'front', 'rear', 'lower', 'upper', 'below', 'above' to characterize the burner 300 refers to the point of view of a user located outside the burner 300 and facing the window, and looking towards the burner installed in the operating position. For example, the front or rear wall is a wall of the combustion chamber that is closest to or farthest from the user in the horizontal direction, respectively. For example, an upper or lower part of an element can be defined as being a part of this element located above or below a horizontal plane located halfway up this element in a vertical direction, the vertical direction being aligned with the force of gravity where the burner is installed. The use of the terms under and over refers to the position of an element according to the vertical position when the burner is installed in the operating position.

In the Figures 11-14 , the dotted arrows represent the gate, primary, secondary, and tertiary air flows entering the combustion chamber.

• une chambre de combustion 200 comprenant :
  • une vitre configurée pour permettre à un utilisateur situé hors du brûleur 300 de voir dans la chambre de combustion 200 ;
  • une sole 210 comprenant au moins un orifice d'admission d'air de grille 211 configuré pour permettre une entrée d'un flux d'air de grille dans la chambre de combustion 200 au niveau du dessous d'un combustible solide entreposé sur la sole 210 ;
  • un orifice d'admission d'air primaire 221 configuré pour permettre une entrée d'un flux d'air primaire dans la chambre de combustion 200 au niveau d'une partie inférieure du combustible solide entreposé sur la sole 210 ;
  • un orifice d'admission d'air secondaire 231 configuré pour permettre une entrée d'un flux d'air secondaire dans la chambre de combustion 200 au niveau d'une partie supérieure du combustible solide entreposé sur la sole 210 ;
  • un orifice d'admission d'air tertiaire 241 configuré pour admettre un flux d'air tertiaire pour balayer la vitre le long de et parallèlement à une surface de la vitre ;
• un mécanisme 100 d'admission d'air sans alimentation en énergie et commandable manuellement, pour distribuer une totalité d'une alimentation en air de combustion de la chambre de combustion 200, le mécanisme 100 comprenant :
  • une partie fixe 110 immobilement couplée à la chambre de combustion 200 et comprenant des ouvertures de la partie fixe composées de :
    • ∘ une première ouverture de la partie fixe 111 pour admettre le flux d'air de grille, la première ouverture de la partie fixe 111 étant en communication fluidique avec l'au moins un orifice d'admission d'air de grille 211 ;
    • ∘ une deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe 112 pour admettre le flux d'air primaire, la deuxième ouverture de la partie fixe 112 étant en communication fluidique avec l'orifice d'admission d'air primaire 221 ;
    • ∘ une troisième ouverture de la partie fixe 113 pour admettre le flux d'air secondaire, la troisième ouverture de la partie fixe 113 étant en communication fluidique avec l'orifice d'admission d'air secondaire 231 ;
    • ∘ une quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe 114 pour admettre le flux d'air tertiaire pour balayer la vitre, la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe 114 étant en communication fluidique avec l'orifice d'admission d'air tertiaire 241 ;
    une somme des flux d'air de grille, primaire, secondaire, et tertiaire traversant les ouvertures de la partie fixe constituant la totalité de l'alimentation en air de combustion de la chambre de combustion 200,
  • un clapet 120 comprenant au moins une ouverture du clapet 121, 122, 123, 124, le clapet 120 étant positionné contre la partie fixe 110 et mobile par rapport à la partie fixe 120 sur un intervalle A-E de déplacement continu et comprenant des positions relatives α = A, B, C, D, E successives du clapet 120 par rapport à la partie fixe 110 ;

le brûleur 300 étant caractérisé en ce que, sur l'intervalle A-E de la position relative α :

• le chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet 121, 122, 123 et la première, deuxième, et troisième ouverture de la partie fixe 111, 112, 113, est une première fonction F1, une deuxième fonction F2, et une troisième fonction F3, de la position relative α, respectivement, qui varie entre une première, deuxième, et troisième valeur de chevauchement maximal, respectivement, égales à M1, M2, et M3, respectivement, et une valeur nulle dans laquelle la première, deuxième, et troisième ouverture de la partie fixe 111, 112, 113 est obturée par le clapet 120, respectivement,
• le chevauchement entre l'au moins une ouverture de clapet 121, 122, 123, 124 et la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe 114 est une quatrième fonction F4 de la position relative α qui varie entre une quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal égale à M4 et une valeur égale à f4E*M4 en α=E dans laquelle la quatrième ouverture de la partie fixe 114 est au moins partiellement obturée par le clapet 120, f4E étant compris entre 0.0 et 0.2,

et en ce que, le mécanisme 100 est configuré pour que sur l'intervalle A-E de la position relative α :

• la première fonction F1 passe de manière monotone de la première valeur de chevauchement maximal M1 en α=A à la valeur nulle en α=E, la première fonction F1 étant égale à f1B*M1 en α=B, f1B étant compris entre 0 et 0.3 ;
• la deuxième fonction F2 passe de manière monotone de la deuxième valeur de chevauchement maximal M2 en α=A à la valeur nulle en α=E, la deuxième fonction F2 étant égale à f2B*M2 en α=B, égale à f2C*M2 en α=C, et égale à f2D*M2 en α=D, f2B étant compris entre 0.7 et 1, f2C étant compris entre 0.4 et 0.9, f2D étant compris entre 0.1 et 0.5 ;
• la troisième fonction F3 passe de manière monotone d'une valeur égale à f3A*M3 en α=A à une valeur égale à f3B*M3 en α=B, f3A étant compris entre 0 et 0.6, et f3B étant égal à 1 ;
• la troisième fonction F3 passe de manière monotone de la valeur égale à f3B*M3 α=B à la valeur nulle en α=E, la troisième fonction F3 étant égale à f3C*M3 en α=C et à f3D*M3 en α=D, f3C étant compris entre 0.5 et 0.8 et f3D étant compris entre 0.2 et 0.6 ;
• la quatrième fonction F4 passe de manière monotone de la quatrième valeur de chevauchement maximal M4 en α=A à la valeur égale à f4E*M4 en α=E, la quatrième fonction F4 étant égale à f4B*M4 en α=B, à f4C*M4 en α=C, et à f4D*M4 en α=D, f4B étant compris entre 0.8 et 1, f4C étant compris entre 0.4 et 1, et f4D étant compris entre 0.15 et 1.

In summary, the burner according to the invention can be described as a solid fuel burner 300 comprising:

• a combustion chamber 200 comprising:
  • a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner 300 to see into the combustion chamber 200;
  • a hearth 210 comprising at least one grate air intake port 211 configured to allow entry of a flow of grate air into the combustion chamber 200 at the level below a solid fuel stored on the hearth 210;
  • a primary air intake port 221 configured to allow entry of a flow of primary air into the combustion chamber 200 at a lower part of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210;
  • a secondary air intake port 231 configured to allow entry of a secondary air flow into the combustion chamber 200 at the level of an upper part of the solid fuel stored on the hearth 210;
  • a tertiary air intake port 241 configured to admit a flow of tertiary air to sweep the window along and parallel to a surface of the window;
• an air intake mechanism 100 without energy supply and manually controllable, to distribute an entire supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber 200, the mechanism 100 comprising:
  • a fixed part 110 immovably coupled to the combustion chamber 200 and comprising openings in the fixed part composed of:
    • ∘ a first opening of the fixed part 111 to admit the flow of grille air, the first opening of the fixed part 111 being in fluid communication with the at least one grille air intake orifice 211;
    • ∘ a second opening of the fixed part 112 to admit the primary air flow, the second opening of the fixed part 112 being in fluid communication with the primary air intake port 221;
    • ∘ a third opening of the fixed part 113 to admit the secondary air flow, the third opening of the fixed part 113 being in fluid communication with the secondary air intake port 231;
    • ∘ a fourth opening of the fixed part 114 to admit the tertiary air flow to sweep the window, the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 being in fluid communication with the tertiary air intake port 241;
    a sum of the gate, primary, secondary and tertiary air flows passing through the openings of the fixed part constituting the entire combustion air supply to the combustion chamber 200,
  • a valve 120 comprising at least one opening of the valve 121, 122, 123, 124, the valve 120 being positioned against the fixed part 110 and movable relative to the fixed part 120 over an interval AE of continuous movement and comprising relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E successively of the valve 120 relative to the fixed part 110;

the burner 300 being characterized in that, on the interval AE of the relative position α:

• the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123 and the first, second, and third opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, is a first function F1, a second function F2, and a third function F3, of the relative position α, respectively, which varies between a first, second, and third maximum overlap value, respectively, equal to M1, M2, and M3, respectively, and a zero value in which the first, second, and third opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113 is closed by the valve 120, respectively,
• the overlap between the at least one valve opening 121, 122, 123, 124 and the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 is a fourth function F4 of the relative position α which varies between a fourth maximum overlap value equal to M4 and a value equal to f4E*M4 in α=E in which the fourth opening of the fixed part 114 is at least partially closed by the valve 120, f4E being between 0.0 and 0.2,

and in that, the mechanism 100 is configured so that on the interval AE of the relative position α:

• the first function F1 goes monotonically from the first maximum overlap value M1 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 at α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3;
• the second function F2 goes monotonically from the second maximum overlap value M2 in α=A to the zero value in α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 in α=B, equal to f2C*M2 in α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 in α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5;
• the third function F3 goes monotonically from a value equal to f3A*M3 at α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 at α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1;
• the third function F3 goes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 α=B to the zero value at α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 at α=C and to f3D*M3 at α= D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6;
• the fourth function F4 goes monotonically from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 at α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 at α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 at α=B, to f4C *M4 in α=C, and at f4D*M4 in α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, and f4D being between 0.15 and 1.

In this document, the use of the terms 'solid fuel stored on the hearth' means the solid fuel stored on the hearth of the burner in operation, in a position and quantity suitable for normal use of the burner by a person skilled in the art.

Distribution of combustion air flows

An opening degree of the first, second, third, or fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 is defined as the ratio F1/M1, F2/M2, F3/M3, or F4/M4, respectively . Examples of changes in the degree of opening of the first, second, third, or fourth opening of the fixed part 111, 112, 113, 114 are shown in solid lines at Figures 1, 2 , 3, 4 , respectively, in which the dotted curves designate the maximum and minimum limits allowed for F1/M1, F2/M2, F3/M3, F4/M4, respectively.

In the relative position α=A, the mechanism 100 is configured to facilitate the start of combustion, that is to say the ignition of the burner. In α=A, F1/M1 and F2/M2 take a maximum value while F3/M3 is less than 0.6, in order to favor an air supply at the base rather than at the top of the solid fuel, and to facilitate the initiation of the first combustion. The initiation of combustion in the burner generally generates a greater quantity of smoke including incompletely burned particles and tars than during operation at burner speed. In α=A, F4/M4 is therefore maximum to ensure correct scanning of the window and avoid dirtying it.

In the relative position α=B, the mechanism 100 is configured to maximize the heat output of the burner while minimizing pollutant emissions. This is achieved by favoring secondary and tertiary air flows over grille air flows which is associated with high pollutant emission. F3/M3 and F4/M4 are therefore maximum and greater than 80%, respectively, in order to promote complete combustion of gases and particles resulting from the first combustion of the solid fuel. F2/M2 is also maintained at a high value and greater than 70% in order to provide a sufficient quantity of air to maintain the first combustion of the solid fuel at a high power level.

The mechanism 100 is configured to allow the calorific power of the burner 300 to be adjusted between a maximum power reached at α=B and a minimum power reached at α=E where the arrival of combustion air in the combustion chamber 200 is completely interrupted or almost completely interrupted. As illustrated in Figures 1-4 , the air intake mechanism 100 can be positioned in intermediate relative positions α=C and α=D. The grille air flow is kept low and F1/M1 is less than 30% between α=B and α=E in order to minimize pollutant emissions, while the primary, secondary, and tertiary are gradually reduced between α=B and α=E in order to progressively reduce the flow rate of combustion air admitted into the combustion chamber 200. Between α=B and α=E, F2/M2, F3/M3, and F4/M4 therefore decrease, as well as the heat output released by the combustion within the combustion chamber 200.

At α=E, the mechanism 100 is configured to completely or almost completely interrupt a supply of combustion air into the combustion chamber 200, so that the burner goes out. The possibility of completely closing the combustion air inlets (corresponding to the case f4E=0) also makes it possible to avoid heat loss linked to communication fluidic allowing air to enter the combustion chamber from an external atmosphere where the temperature is lower than in the room in which the burner is installed, even when the burner is turned off.

The possibility of interrupting almost completely, but not completely, the supply of combustion air into the combustion chamber (corresponding to the case f4E≠0), makes it possible to improve the safety of combustion. Preferably, the mechanism is configured so that, when positioned in the position corresponding to α=E, the air supply into the combustion chamber is sufficiently low so as to interrupt combustion in the combustion chamber. Preferably, the mechanism is configured so that, when positioned in the position corresponding to α=E, the supply of window sweeping air into the combustion chamber allows combustion of unburned gases in the combustion chamber. , such as gases resulting from the combustion of incandescent embers without a live flame, for example. Such an air intake mechanism improves the safety of burner users.

Favorite variations

In the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, a value of f1B is preferably between 0 and 0.2, preferably between 0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0. Preferably, a value of f2B is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.9, preferably equal to 1. Preferably, a value of f2C is between 0.5 and 0.8, preferably between 0.6 and 0.7. Preferably, a value of f2D is between 0.2 and 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4. Preferably, a value of f3A is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4. Preferably, a value of f3C is between 0.6 and 0.7. Preferably, a value of f3D is between 0.3 and 0.5. Preferably, a value of f4B is between 0.9 and 1, preferably equal to 1. Preferably, a value of f4C is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8. Preferably, a value of f4D is between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4. Preferably, a value of f4E is between 0.0 and 0.2, preferably between 0.0 and 0.1.

In the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, the first function F1 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, preferably over each of the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E. The second function F2 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, preferably over each of the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E. The third function F3 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, preferably over each of the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E. The fourth function F4 is preferably a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E, preferably over each of the intervals A-B, B-C, C-D, D-E.

• préférablement inférieure à 1000 mm²/degré, préférablement inférieure à 500 mm²/degré, préférablement inférieure à 200 mm²/degré si le clapet est mobile en rotation selon un angle α par rapport à la partie fixe,
• préférablement inférieure à 1000 mm²/mm, préférablement inférieure à 500 mm²/mm, préférablement inférieure à 200 mm²/mm si le clapet est mobile en translation rectiligne selon une position linéaire α par rapport à la partie fixe.

In the air intake mechanism 100 according to the invention, an absolute value of the derivative of each of the functions F1, F2, F3, F4 as a function of the relative position α on the interval AE is:

• preferably less than 1000 mm ² /degree, preferably less than 500 mm ² /degree, preferably less than 200 mm ² /degree if the valve is movable in rotation at an angle α relative to the fixed part,
• preferably less than 1000 mm ² /mm, preferably less than 500 mm ² /mm, preferably less than 200 mm ² /mm if the valve is movable in rectilinear translation in a linear position α relative to the fixed part.

Thanks to the air intake mechanism according to the invention, the inventor was able to design a wood-burning stove and fireplace meeting the European Ecodesign 2022 standard and the requirements concerning pollutant and dust emissions in Belgium and the Region Walloon dated May 18, 2022.

Claims (11)

Mechanism (100) for air intake without power supply and manually controllable, for a solid fuel burner (300) comprising a combustion chamber (200) and a window allowing a user located outside the burner (300) to see into the combustion chamber (200) of the burner (300), the air intake mechanism being configured to distribute an entire supply of combustion air to the combustion chamber (200) of the burner (300) , the entire combustion air supply to the burner consisting of a grate air flow, a primary air flow, a secondary air flow, and a tertiary air flow to sweep the glass of the burner, the mechanism (100) comprising: • a fixed part (110) configured to be fixed immovably relative to the combustion chamber (200) of the burner (300), and comprising openings in the fixed part composed of: ∘ a first opening of the fixed part (111) to admit the flow of grille air, ∘ a second opening in the fixed part (112) to admit the primary air flow, ∘ a third opening in the fixed part (113) to admit the secondary air flow, ∘ a fourth opening in the fixed part (114) to admit the tertiary air flow, • a valve (120) comprising at least one opening of the valve (121, 122, 123, 124), the valve (120) being positioned against the fixed part (110) and movable relative to the fixed part (120) on a interval (AE) of continuous movement and comprising successive relative positions α = A, B, C, D, E of the valve (120) relative to the fixed part (110), characterized in that, on the interval (AE) of the relative position α: • the overlap between the at least one valve opening (121, 122, 123) and the first, second, and third opening of the fixed part (111, 112, 113) is a first function F1, a second function F2, and a third function F3 of the relative position α, respectively, which varies between a first, second, and third maximum overlap value, respectively, equal to M1, M2, and M3, respectively, and a zero value in which the first, second, and third opening of the fixed part (111, 112, 113) is closed by the valve (120), respectively, • the overlap between the at least one valve opening (124) and the fourth opening of the fixed part (114) is a fourth function F4 of the relative position α which varies between a fourth maximum overlap value equal to M4 and a value equal to f4E*M4 in which the fourth opening of the fixed part (114) is at least partially closed by the valve (120), f4E being between 0 and 0.2, and in that, the mechanism (100) is configured so that on the interval (AE) of the relative position α: - the first function F1 passes monotonically from the first maximum overlap value M1 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the first function F1 being equal to f1B*M1 at α=B, f1B being between 0 and 0.3, - the second function F2 goes monotonically from the second maximum overlap value M2 at α=A to the zero value at α=E, the second function F2 being equal to f2B*M2 at α=B, equal to f2C*M2 in α=C, and equal to f2D*M2 in α=D, f2B being between 0.7 and 1, f2C being between 0.4 and 0.9, f2D being between 0.1 and 0.5, - the third function F3 goes monotonically from a value equal to f3A*M3 in α=A to a value equal to f3B*M3 in α=B, f3A being between 0 and 0.6, and f3B being equal to 1, - the third function F3 goes monotonically from the value equal to f3B*M3 in α=B to the zero value in α=E, the third function F3 being equal to f3C*M3 in α=C and to f3D*M3 in α=D, f3C being between 0.5 and 0.8 and f3D being between 0.2 and 0.6, - the fourth function F4 passes monotonically from the fourth maximum overlap value M4 in α=A to the value equal to f4E*M4 in α=E, the fourth function F4 being equal to f4B*M4 in α=B, at f4C*M4 in α=C, and f4D*M4 in α=D, f4B being between 0.8 and 1, f4C being between 0.4 and 1, f4D being between 0.15 and 1. Air intake mechanism (100) according to claim 1, in which the valve (120) is movable in rotation relative to the fixed part (120) along an axis of rotation (120r) and over an interval (A-E) continuous angular positions α of the valve (120) relative to the fixed part (110) comprising the successive angular positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism (100) preferably comprising a lever (130) attached to the valve (120) and configured to allow a modification of the angular position α of the valve (120) by a user. Air intake mechanism (100) according to claim 1, in which the valve (120) is movable in rectilinear translation relative to the fixed part (120) along a translation axis (120t) and over an interval (A-E ) continuous linear positions α of the valve (120) relative to the fixed part (110) comprising the successive linear positions α = A, B, C, D, E, the mechanism (100) preferably comprising a lever (130) attached to the valve (120) and configured to allow modification of the linear position α of the valve (120) by the user. Air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which: - the first opening of the fixed part (111) comprises one or more orifices (111a, 111b, 111c, 111d, 111e, 111f) of the first opening of the fixed part, - the second opening of the fixed part (112) comprises one or more orifices (112a, 112b) of the second opening of the fixed part, - the third opening of the fixed part (113) comprises one or more orifices (113a, 113b, 113c) of the third opening of the fixed part, - the fourth opening of the fixed part (114) comprises one or more orifices (114a, 114b) of the fourth opening of the fixed part. Air intake mechanism (100) according to claim 2, in which: - an angulation BA between the angular positions α=A and α=B is between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 2° and 5°, preferably equal to 2°, - angulations CB, DC, and ED respectively between the angular positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 1° and 25°, preferably between 2° and 10°, preferably between 3° and 7°, and preferably equal to 3°. Air intake mechanism (100) according to claim 3, in which: - a distance BA between the linear positions α=A and α=B is between 2 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 5 mm and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 30 mm, preferably equal to 20 mm, - distances BA, CB, DC, and ED respectively between the linear positions α=B and α=C, α=C and α=D, α=D and α=E, are each between 2 mm and 100 mm , preferably between 5 mm and 70 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 50 mm, and preferably equal to 40 mm. Air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which: - the first maximum overlap value M1 is between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² , preferably between 100 mm ² and 600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 400 mm ² , - the second maximum overlap value M2 is between 50 mm ² and 1000 mm ² , preferably between 100 mm ² and 600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 400 mm ² , - the third maximum overlap value M3 is between 150 mm ² and 2500 mm ² , preferably between 300 mm ² and 1200 mm ² , preferably between 450 mm ² and 750 mm ² , - the fourth maximum overlap value M4 is between 100 mm ² and 1600 mm ² , preferably between 200 mm ² and 800 mm ² , preferably between 300 mm ² and 500 mm ² . Air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which: - a ratio F1/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 17% and 27% in α=A, between 0% and 5% in α=B, C, and D, - a ratio F2/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 14% and 24% in α=A, between 15% and 25% in α=B, between 21% and 31% in α=C, between 19% and 29% in α=D, - a ratio F3/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 20% and 30% in α=A, between 43% and 53% in α=B, between 46% and 56% in α=C, between 48% and 58% in α=D, - a ratio F4/(F1+F2+F3+F4) is between 28% and 38% in α=A, between 27% and 37% in α=B, between 18% and 28% in α=C, between 18% and 28% in α=D. Air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, in which any selection among the following conditions is met: - f1B is between 0 and 0.2, preferably between 0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0, - the first function F1 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α over any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, - f2B is greater than 0.8, preferably greater than 0.9, preferably equal to 1, - f2C is between 0.5 and 0.8, preferably between 0.6 and 0.7, - f2D is between 0.2 and 0.4, preferably between 0.3 and 0.4, - the second function F2 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, - f3A is between 0.1 and 0.5, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4, - f3C is between 0.6 and 0.7, - f3D is between 0.3 and 0.5, - the third function F3 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE, - f4B is between 0.9 and 1, preferably equal to 1, - f4C is between 0.5 and 0.9, preferably between 0.6 and 0.8, - f4D is between 0.2 and 0.7, preferably between 0.2 and 0.4, - f4E is between 0.0 and 0.1, preferably equal to 0.1, - the fourth function F4 is a substantially linear function of the relative position α on any selection among the intervals AB, BC, CD, DE. Air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, further comprising a positioning mechanism configured to impose preferential relative positions α of the valve (120), preferably in α = A, B, C, D , E, the positioning mechanism preferably comprising a spring, and the lever (130) being preferably rigidly attached to the valve (120). Solid fuel burner (300) comprising the air intake mechanism (100) according to one of the preceding claims, and the combustion chamber (200) of which comprises: - a window configured to allow a user located outside the burner (300) to see into the combustion chamber (200), - a hearth (210) comprising at least one grid air intake port (211) configured to allow passage of ashes from the combustion chamber to an ashtray, the at least one air intake port grille (211) being in fluid communication with the first opening of the fixed part (111) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to allow entry of the grille air flow into the combustion chamber ( 200) at the bottom of the solid fuel stored on the base (210), - a primary air intake port (221) in fluid communication with the second opening of the fixed part (112) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to allow entry of the primary air flow in the combustion chamber (200) at a lower part of the solid fuel stored on the hearth (210), - a secondary air intake port (231) in fluid communication with the third opening of the fixed part (113) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to allow entry of the secondary air flow in the combustion chamber (200) at an upper part of the solid fuel stored on the hearth (210), the secondary air intake port (231) being preferably included in a rear wall (230) of the combustion chamber (200), or between the rear wall (230) and an upper wall (250) of the combustion chamber (200), - a tertiary air intake port in the combustion chamber (241) in fluid communication with the fourth opening of the fixed part (114) of the air intake mechanism (100) and configured to admit the flow of tertiary air or window sweeping air along and parallel to a surface of the window, the tertiary air intake port into the combustion chamber (241) being preferably located in an upper part of the combustion chamber combustion (200).

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