EP4276864A1 - Ampoule à vide - Google Patents

Ampoule à vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4276864A1
EP4276864A1 EP22172209.3A EP22172209A EP4276864A1 EP 4276864 A1 EP4276864 A1 EP 4276864A1 EP 22172209 A EP22172209 A EP 22172209A EP 4276864 A1 EP4276864 A1 EP 4276864A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carrier
contact
contact part
cucr
wcu
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22172209.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Reuber
Dietmar Gentsch
Kai Gorlt
Thomas Schmoelzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Schweiz AG
Original Assignee
ABB Schweiz AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Schweiz AG filed Critical ABB Schweiz AG
Priority to EP22172209.3A priority Critical patent/EP4276864A1/fr
Priority to CN202310503500.6A priority patent/CN117038384A/zh
Publication of EP4276864A1 publication Critical patent/EP4276864A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/664—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings
    • H01H33/6643—Contacts; Arc-extinguishing means, e.g. arcing rings having disc-shaped contacts subdivided in petal-like segments, e.g. by helical grooves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/0203—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches
    • H01H1/0206—Contacts characterised by the material thereof specially adapted for vacuum switches containing as major components Cu and Cr
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material
    • H01H1/0233—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material and containing carbides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/027—Composite material containing carbon particles or fibres
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/04—Co-operating contacts of different material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates vacuum interrupters and contact pieces for vacuum interrupters.
  • Vacuum interrupters are required to have contacts that can operate with a high short circuit switching performance and resist becoming welded together.
  • the material for the contact pieces of vacuum interrupters have to fulfil several requirements such as a low resistance in closed position, the ability to interrupt a certain current, the avoidance of welding, and a low chopping current.
  • the actual value of a chopping current can vary with each interruption; it is a kind of statistical distribution. Higher values occur with decreasing probability.
  • the overvoltages can be damped with surge arrestors, which has the drawback of having a separate component (space, costs).
  • the mean level of current chopping depends on the contact material of the VI, and therefore the material of the contacts can be appropriately chosen.
  • WCAg has a lower level of chopping current compared to CuCr.
  • CuCr is widely used for Circuit Breakers for its low resistance, its high interrupting capability, and its moderate chopping current.
  • the typical chopping current level of CuCr is still relatively high for some applications like small inductive loads, and additional means like the above described surge arrestors have to be provided to eliminate the risk of damaging the load due to chopping current induced overvoltages.
  • CuCr has a certain tendency to weld, but this can be managed with suitable contact pressures and strong drives.
  • WCAg is widely used for contactors for its low resistance, its sufficient interrupting capability, its low tendency to weld and especially for its very low chopping current.
  • the disadvantage is that this material is not well suited for the market-required extension of the short circuit interrupting capability, and the disadvantage that the Ag in the contacts is expensive.
  • a vacuum interrupter comprising:
  • the first carrier comprises a stem and a contact piece.
  • the second carrier comprises a stem and a contact piece.
  • the contact piece of the first carrier comprises a first contact part and a second contact part surrounding the first contact part.
  • the contact piece of the second carrier comprises a first contact part and a second contact part surrounding the first contact part.
  • a material of at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is different to a material of the second contact part of the first carrier, and/or a material of at least a portion of first contact part of the second carrier is different to a material of the second contact part of the second carrier.
  • the vacuum interrupter in a deactivated state is configured to hold the contact piece of the first carrier spaced from the contact piece of the second carrier and in an activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to bring the contact piece of the first carrier and the contact piece of the second carrier into contact with one another.
  • the vacuum interrupter in a deactivated state is configured to hold the contact piece of the first carrier in contact with the contact piece of the second carrier and in an activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to separate the contact piece of the first carrier from the contact piece of the second carrier.
  • the first carrier is a fixed contact carrier and the second carrier is a movable contact carrier, and in the activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to move the second carrier.
  • the first carrier is a movable contact carrier and the second carrier is a fixed contact carrier, and in the activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to move the first carrier.
  • the material of all of the first contact part of the first carrier is different to the material of the second contact part of the first carrier, and/or the material of all of the first contact part of the first carrier is different to the material of the second contact part of the first carrier
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the first carrier defines a plane.
  • the first contact part comprises a portion with a surface below the plane and the at least a portion of the first contact part is the remaining portion of the first contact part other than the portion with the surface below the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the second carrier defines a plane.
  • the first contact part comprises a portion with a surface below the plane and the at least a portion of the first contact part is the remaining portion of the first contact part other than the portion with the surface below the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the first carrier defines a plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part comprises a portion with a surface above the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the second carrier defines a plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part comprises a portion with a surface above the plane.
  • the material of the second contact part of the first carrier is WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu/C or MoCu/C or Cu or WCu or WCCu or WCCu/C or MoCCu/C or Ag/C or Cu.
  • the material of the second contact part of the second carrier is WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu/C or MoCu/C or Cu or WCu or WCCu or WCCu/C or MoCCu/C or Ag/C or Cu.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is Ag/C or Cu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Sn/C or C.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the second carrier is Ag/C or Cu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Sn/C or C.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the first carrier defines a plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part is a conical pin that projects outwards from the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the second carrier defines a plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part is a conical pin that projects outwards from the plane.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is carbon.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is carbon.
  • the second contact part of the first carrier comprises one or more slits.
  • the second contact part of the second carrier comprises one or more slits.
  • the first contact part of the first carrier comprises one or more slits.
  • the first contact part of the second carrier comprises one or more slits.
  • the one or more slits in the first contact part of the first carrier are a continuation of the one or more slits in the second contact part of the first carrier.
  • the one or more slits in the first contact part of the second carrier are a continuation of the one or more slits in the second contact part of the first carrier.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is the same as the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the second carrier.
  • the material of the second contact part of the first carrier is the same as the material of the second contact part of the second carrier.
  • a shape of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is the same as a shape of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the second carrier.
  • a shape of the second contact part of the first carrier is the same as a shape of the second contact part of the second carrier.
  • a vacuum interrupter comprising:
  • the first carrier comprises a stem and a contact piece.
  • the second carrier comprises a stem and a contact piece.
  • the contact piece of the first carrier is made from a first material.
  • the contact piece of the second carrier is made from a second material. The following can apply:
  • a contact piece for a vacuum interrupter comprising:
  • the second contact part surrounds the first contact part.
  • a material of at least a portion of the first contact part is different to a material of the second contact part.
  • a contact piece for a vacuum interrupter is provided.
  • a material of the contact piece is Ag/C or WCAg/C or WCAg/C or Cu/C or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu or WCCu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or WCCu/C or MoCu/C or WCMo/C or MoCCu/C.
  • Figs. 1-7 relate to a vacuum interrupter and contact pieces.
  • a vacuum interrupter comprises, a first carrier 101 and a second carrier 102.
  • the first carrier comprises a stem 10 and a contact piece (1).
  • the second carrier comprises a stem 10 and a contact piece 1.
  • a carrier can be termed a contact piece with its stem.
  • the contact piece of the first carrier comprises a first contact part 30 and a second contact part 20 surrounding the first contact part.
  • the contact piece of the second carrier comprises a first contact part 30 and a second contact part 20 surrounding the first contact part.
  • the contact pieces having a part 30 surrounded by part 20 is clearly shown in Figs. 1-7 . Here it can be seen that the parts of the contacts facing each other have a central part 30 and a part 20 outside of the central part, surrounding it.
  • the part 20 can be underneath part 30, or just around the outside, with the central part 30 going all the way through the contact piece to the stem 10. This is what is meant by "surrounding".
  • a material of at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is different to a material of the second contact part of the first carrier. Additionally or alternatively a material of at least a portion of first contact part of the second carrier is different to a material of the second contact part of the second carrier.
  • a material of the first contact part 30 of the second carrier is the same as a material of the second contact part 20 of the second carrier.
  • the material of the first contact part 30 of the second carrier is WCAg and the material of the second contact part 20 of the second carrier is WCAg.
  • the material of the first contact part 30 of the second carrier is WCAg/C and the material of the second contact part 20 of the second carrier is WCAg/C.
  • the material of the first contact part 30 of the second carrier is Cu/C and the material of the second contact part 20 of the second carrier is Cu/C.
  • the material of the first contact part 30 of the second carrier is CuCr/C and the material of the second contact part 20 of the second carrier is CuCr/C.
  • the material of the first contact part 30 of the second carrier is WCu/C and the material of the second contact part 20 of the second carrier is WCu/C.
  • the vacuum interrupter in a deactivated state is configured hold the contact piece of the first carrier spaced from the contact piece of the second carrier and in an activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to bring the contact piece of the first carrier and the contact piece of the second carrier into contact with one another.
  • the vacuum interrupter in a deactivated state is configured hold the contact piece of the first carrier in contact with the contact piece of the second carrier and in an activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to separate the contact piece of the first carrier from the contact piece of the second carrier.
  • the first carrier is a fixed contact carrier and the second carrier is a movable contact carrier, and in the activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to move the second carrier.
  • the first carrier is a movable contact carrier and the second carrier is a fixed contact carrier, and in the activated state the vacuum interrupter is configured to move the first carrier.
  • the material of all of the first contact part of the first carrier is different to the material of the second contact part of the first carrier. Additionally or alternatively the material of all of the first contact part of the first carrier is different to the material of the second contact part of the first carrier.
  • a junction between the first contact part 30 and the second contact part 20 of the contact of the first carrier defines a plane.
  • the first part 30 is an insert into the second part 20.
  • the upper edge of the hole in part 20 is a circle, that forms a junction with part 30 (the upper edge of part 20 does not need to touch part 30, and it is the upper edge of part 20 that forms a hole or recess, within which part 30 is located, that forms a plane).
  • this junction (the upper edge of part 20) in the form of a circle forms the plane.
  • the upper edges of the hole/recess of part 20 is again a circle and forms a plane and the upper surface of part 30 is flat and is in the plane, whilst for example in Fig. 3 the upper edges of the hole/recess of part 20 is again a circle and forms a plane, but now the upper surface of part 30 is below the plane, whilst in Fig. 4 the upper part of part 30 is above the plane.
  • the first contact part comprises a portion 35, 50 with a surface below the plane and the at least a portion of the first contact part is the remaining portion of the first contact part other than the portion with the surface below the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the second carrier defines a plane, and the first contact part comprises a portion 35 with a surface below the plane and the at least a portion of the first contact part is the remaining portion of the first contact part other than the portion with the surface below the plane. Additionally or alternatively a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the first carrier defines a plane, and the at least a portion of the first contact part comprises a portion 36 with a surface above the plane. Additionally or alternatively a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the second carrier defines a plane, and the at least a portion of the first contact part comprises a portion 36 with a surface above the plane.
  • the material of the second contact part of the first carrier is WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu/C or MoCu/C or Cu or WCu or WCCu or WCCu/C or MoCCu/C or Ag/C or Cu. Additionally or alternatively the material of the second contact part of the second carrier is WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu/C or MoCu/C or Cu or WCu or WCCu or WCCu/C or MoCCu/C or Ag/C or Cu.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is Ag/C or Cu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Sn/C or C.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the second carrier is Ag/C or Cu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Sn/C or C.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the first carrier defines a plane, and the at least a portion of the first contact part is a conical pin 31 that projects outwards from the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part of the contact of the second carrier defines a plane, and the at least a portion of the first contact part is a conical pin 31 that projects outwards from the plane.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is carbon. Additionally or alternatively the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is carbon.
  • the second contact part of the first carrier comprises one or more slits 40. Additionally or alternatively the second contact part of the second carrier comprises one or more slits 40.
  • the first contact part of the first carrier comprises one or more slits. Additionally or alternatively the first contact part of the second carrier comprises one or more slits.
  • the one or more slits in the first contact part of the first carrier are a continuation of the one or more slits in the second contact part of the first carrier. Additionally or alternatively the one or more slits in the first contact part of the second carrier are a continuation of the one or more slits in the second contact part of the first carrier.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is the same as the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the second carrier. Additionally or alternatively the material of the second contact part of the first carrier is the same as the material of the second contact part of the second carrier.
  • a shape of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is the same as a shape of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the second carrier. Additionally or alternatively a shape of the second contact part of the first carrier is the same as a shape of the second contact part of the second carrier.
  • a vacuum interrupter comprises a first carrier 101, and a second carrier 102.
  • the first carrier comprises a stem 10 and a contact piece 1.
  • the second carrier comprises a stem 10 and a contact piece 1.
  • the contact piece of the first carrier is made from a first material.
  • the contact piece of the second carrier is made from a second material.
  • an exemplar new contact piece for a vacuum interrupter comprises a first contact part 30, and a second contact part 20.
  • the second contact part surrounds the first contact part.
  • a material of at least a portion of the first contact part is different to a material of the second contact part.
  • the material of all of the first contact part is different to the material of the second contact part.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part defines a plane.
  • the first contact part comprises a portion 35, 50 with a surface below the plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part is the remaining portion of the first contact part other than the portion with the surface below the plane.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part defines a plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part comprises a portion 36 with a surface above the plane.
  • the material of the second contact part is WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu/C or MoCu/C or Cu or WCu or WCCu or WCCu/C or MoCCu/C or Ag/C or Cu.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is Ag/C or Cu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Sn/C or C.
  • a junction between the first contact part and the second contact part defines a plane.
  • the at least a portion of the first contact part is a conical pin 31 that projects outwards from the plane.
  • the material of the at least a portion of the first contact part of the first carrier is carbon.
  • the second contact part comprises one or more slits 40.
  • the first contact part comprises one or more slits.
  • the one or more slits in the first contact part are a continuation of the one or more slits in the second contact part.
  • an exemplar new contact piece for a vacuum interrupter is defined as follows: a material of the contact piece is Ag/C or WCAg/C or WCAg/C or Cu/C or CuCr/C or WCu/C or Cu or WCCu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or WCCu/C or MoCu/C or WCMo/C or MoCCu/C.
  • the new development described here relates to centric inserts into the vacuum interrupter (VI) contact pieces.
  • the inserts consist of a second contact material. Different contact materials can then be used for 1) carrying the current in the closed position and for 2) interrupting the current in the opened position of the contactor.
  • the new development also relates to the use of carbide or graphite (graphene / fullerene or diamond) as a contact material for Medium voltage (MV) vacuum interrupters for their low chopping current behaviour. Designs are shown to overcome the known limitations of normal contact materials regarding the general requirements for MV VI contacts.
  • Fig. 1 shows a contact piece 1 on its stem, which can also be termed a carrier 101, 102.
  • the stem 10 is a state-of the art stem, usually made of copper.
  • the main part 20 of the contact piece is for example made of WCAg, as it is state of the art for contactors.
  • the insert 30 in the contact piece is made of a different material than the main part 20, for example CuCr or WCCu.
  • An insert 30 of a contact piece 1 is also termed a first contact part 30.
  • the main part 20 of a contact piece 1 is also termed a second contact part 20.
  • Fig. 2 shows a VI 100 in an open position, having fixed and movable stems with contact pieces 101, 102 with inserts. Further, the main components of the VI according to the state of the art are shown: Upper and lower lids 110, 130, ceramic insulator 120, and bellows 140.
  • the materials of 20 and 30 are chosen in a way that the arc voltage of the material of the insert 30 is generally higher than the arc voltage of the material of the main part 20.
  • the result will be that the arc 201 will commute to the region between the main parts 20 of the contact pieces like the arc 202, as shown on the right hand side drawing of Fig. 2 .
  • the arc will deteriorate the main part 20 so that its resistance will increase.
  • WCAg the Ag will locally evaporate at the footpoints of the arc so that the component with the low electrical resistance will be depleted in the contact piece; the WC will remain as a supporting structure.
  • a low chopping current is important.
  • the chopping current is determined by the material that is in contact with the arc. So, in the case of WCAg being the material of the main part 20, the low chopping current can be maintained. Further, it is important that the material of the insert 30 fulfils the other requirements for a contact material according to the application of the VI.
  • CuCr has a typically higher arc voltage than WCAg, but for a contactor application its tendency to moderate welding might be too strong for the relatively weak drives of contactors.
  • a suitable material for the inserts 30 has been found to be WCCu or WCCuAg, as these materials have a higher arc voltage than WCAg, but they do not have the same tendency to weld as CuCr.
  • Fig. 3 shows two features for the contact piece 1.
  • slits 40 are introduced in the contact piece with inserts to make the arc move around the radial ends of the contact pieces, so that local overheating of the surfaces of the contact pieces is limited.
  • the slits may also be in the region of the insert 30, as shown in Fig. 3 , or the slits may be only in the main part 20 (not shown).
  • the other feature shown in Fig. 3 is a hole or a recess 50 in the centre, first contact part, of the contact piece to support the commutation of the arc away from the centre of the contact pieces towards the main part 20.
  • Fig. 4 shows an elevation 31 of the insert 30 compared to the main part 20 to make sure that the contacts touch always with the insert 30 and not with the main part 20.
  • the commutation of the arc mainly depends on the material and not strongly on the length of the arc, the commutation of the arc 201 to the arc 202 will not be affected by the elevation 31.
  • Fig. 5 shows a contact piece on its stem.
  • the stem 10 is a state-of-the-art stem, usually made of copper.
  • main part 20 also called second contact part 20
  • part 30, also called insert or first contact part 30, of the contact piece are discussed below.
  • Carbon can be present in the main part 20 and/or the insert 30 as carbide or graphite (graphene, fullerene or diamond).
  • the lowering 35 of the insert is an option to ensure that the normal load current is conducted by the material of the main part 20 of the outer area. So, the selection of the material of the insert or pin 30 is not constricted by its ohmic resistance in these cases.
  • the pin or insert 30 can have an extension 36 above the surface of 20, as shown in Fig. 7 .
  • the material of the pin or insert 30 must fulfil the requirements of a low resistance in the closed condition and a low tendency to micro weld.
  • slits 40 may be added to all contact pieces for increasing the ability to handle arcs of high currents.
  • Fig. 6 shows a VI 100 in the open position, having fixed and movable stems with contact pieces 101, 102 with pins. Further, the main components of a VI according to the state-of-the-art are shown: Upper and lower lids 110, 130, ceramic insulator 120, bellows 140.
  • the contact pieces When the VI is closed, the contact pieces will only touch with their main parts 20.
  • an arc 201 When the VI opens while current is flowing, an arc 201 will establish between the main parts 20.
  • the behaviour of the arc is now different depending on the magnitude of the current: For low currents, the arc 201 will travel towards the centre of the contact piece, represented as arc 202 in Fig. 6 , as the arc voltage of the material of the pin or insert 30 of the inner area is lower than the arc voltage of the material of the main part 20 of the outer area. So, when the current approaches the zero-crossing, the low chopping current of material of the pin or insert 30 will apply.
  • the arc will be driven away from the centre by the Lorentz force of its current and supported by the pinch effect. So, the high short circuit interruption capability of material of the main part 20 will be applied.
  • FIG 7 shows several geometrical arrangements of the main part 20 (also termed second contact part) and the insert 30 (also termed pin or first contact part):
  • the main part 20 of the contact piece is e.g. made of WCAg, as it is state-of-the-art for contactors.
  • the pin 30 is made of a different material than the main part 20.
  • the material of the pin 30 can mainly be selected for its low chopping current. Suitable materials for the pin 30 are carbide or graphite (graphene / fullerene or diamond)
  • Vacuum interrupter for circuit breaker application
  • the main part 20 of the contact piece is for example made of CuCr, as it is state-of-the-art for circuit breakers.
  • the pin 30 is made of a different material than the main part 20.
  • the material of the pin 30 can mainly be selected for its low chopping current.
  • the application of carbon in a certain manner allows the reduction of the chopping current significantly.
  • Suitable materials for the pin 30 are carbide or graphite (graphene, fullerene or diamond).
  • Arrangement 310 - two contact pieces with increased pins; the two contact pieces may be identical or different:
  • Pin 30 is made from Cu/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or MoCu/ or Cu.
  • Pin 30 is made from Cu/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Cu.
  • Pin 30 is made from MoCu/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Cu.
  • Pin 30 is made from MoCu/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Cu.
  • pin 30 and main part 20 are identical in the second contact piece, so in these cases there will be no assembly of part 20 and part 30 but only a common part main 20 and pin 30 with the combined shape:
  • Pin 30 is made from Cu/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu/C or MoCu/C or Cu.
  • Second contact piece Pin 30 and main part 20 are both made from Cu/C.
  • Pin 30 is made from Ag/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C.
  • Second contact piece is made from WCAg or WCAg/C
  • Pin 30 is made from Ag/C
  • main part 20 is made from CuCr/C or WCu/C
  • Second contact piece made from WCAg or WCAg/C.
  • Pin 30 is made from Cu/C
  • main part 20 is made from WCAg or WCAg/C.
  • Second contact piece made from CuCr/C or WCu/C.
  • Pin 30 is made from Cu/C
  • main part 20 is made from CuCr/C or WCu/C.
  • Second contact piece made from CuCr/C or WCu/C.
  • the low chopping current of Ag/C or Cu/C or Sn/C applies. Also the combinations where the pin is made of CuCr/C or WCu/C will show the low chopping current due to the content of C.
  • the combinations with pins made of WCAg, CuCr or WCu will also have a low chopping current due to the content of C of the opposing contact.
  • the possible short circuit current in case of Ag or Ag/C or Cu or Cu/C or Sn/C can be lower than known from for example WCAg, but still being sufficient for certain applications where the other advantages are more important, for example for load current switching of small motors.
  • the arc Independently from its starting point, the arc will in short time be driven away from the centre of the contact pieces by the Lorentz force and pinch effect, so it will burn in the area of the main parts 20 of the contact pieces where the materials WCAg or WCAg/C or CuCr or CuCr/C or WCu or WCu/C or WCCu or WCCu/C or MoCu/C or MoCCu/C are resistant against arcing.
  • the chopping current will be low anyhow due to the high temperatures of 20 in case of short circuit currents. Furthermore, the pin 30 will not be deteriorated by the high short circuit current.
  • the pin 30 is the part that carries the normal load current of the contacts.
  • the typical effect from prior arcing on Ag/C, Cu/C, Sn/C, CuCr/C or WCu/C is that C is depleted in the surface of the pin 30, so that pure metal remains at the surface of the pin 30 and therefore the ohmic resistance is low.
  • WCAg is state-of-the-art for contactors, so it can also be used here.
  • the main parts 20 of the contact pieces carry the normal load current of the contacts as it is the state of the art.
  • the material of 20 contains C
  • the C will also be depleted at the surface due to the arcing, so that the ohmic resistance remains low.
  • Ag/C is well known for negligible micro welding. This behaviour is also valid for Cu/C, CuCr/C, WCu/C, Mo/C, WCCu/C, MoCCu/C and Sn/C due to the content of C.
  • the main parts 20 are characteristic for the welding behaviour. Even Cu, Cu/C und Ag/C provide a certain resistance against arcing, which can be sufficient depending on the application.
  • Vls can utilize the connection of the VI components by brazing.
  • Ag/C is more difficult here, as the C in the surface has the tendency to reject the solder.
  • This can be overcome by a preceding heat treatment of the surface of the Ag/C, so that the surface consists of pure silver, or by an extrusion process where the Ag/C is surrounded by a tube made of pure silver, or by centric embedding of the Ag/C powder into the powder of the main part of the contact piece, for example WCAg, prior to the sintering of the contact piece.
  • a deep-drawn foil of Ni can be inserted between the CuCr and the Ag/C to avoid that too large quantities of brazing solder evolve from the mixture of Cu and Ag at soldering temperatures above 780°C.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
EP22172209.3A 2022-05-08 2022-05-08 Ampoule à vide Pending EP4276864A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22172209.3A EP4276864A1 (fr) 2022-05-08 2022-05-08 Ampoule à vide
CN202310503500.6A CN117038384A (zh) 2022-05-08 2023-05-06 真空断续器

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP22172209.3A EP4276864A1 (fr) 2022-05-08 2022-05-08 Ampoule à vide

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4276864A1 true EP4276864A1 (fr) 2023-11-15

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Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP4276864A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN117038384A (fr)

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182156A (en) * 1961-09-19 1965-05-04 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter
GB1388283A (en) * 1972-05-18 1975-03-26 English Electric Co Ltd Vacuum type electric circuit interrupting devices
JPH01100837A (ja) * 1987-10-12 1989-04-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 真空スイツチ管
EP0354997A2 (fr) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Matériau de contact pour interrupteur à vide
JPH04242029A (ja) * 1991-01-10 1992-08-28 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブ
JP2009289652A (ja) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Toshiba Corp ＡｇＷＣ−Ａｇ複合接点およびその製造方法
EP2849185A1 (fr) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-18 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Matériaux de contact pour utilisation dans des systèmes de haute tension et courant continue embarqués
US10804044B2 (en) * 2016-12-13 2020-10-13 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electrical contact alloy for vacuum contactors
CN112620640A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-09 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 基于AgC废边角料再利用的AgNi电接触材料的制备方法

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3182156A (en) * 1961-09-19 1965-05-04 Gen Electric Vacuum-type circuit interrupter
GB1388283A (en) * 1972-05-18 1975-03-26 English Electric Co Ltd Vacuum type electric circuit interrupting devices
JPH01100837A (ja) * 1987-10-12 1989-04-19 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 真空スイツチ管
EP0354997A2 (fr) * 1988-08-19 1990-02-21 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Matériau de contact pour interrupteur à vide
JPH04242029A (ja) * 1991-01-10 1992-08-28 Toshiba Corp 真空バルブ
JP2009289652A (ja) * 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 Toshiba Corp ＡｇＷＣ−Ａｇ複合接点およびその製造方法
EP2849185A1 (fr) * 2013-09-11 2015-03-18 Airbus Defence and Space GmbH Matériaux de contact pour utilisation dans des systèmes de haute tension et courant continue embarqués
US10804044B2 (en) * 2016-12-13 2020-10-13 Eaton Intelligent Power Limited Electrical contact alloy for vacuum contactors
CN112620640A (zh) * 2020-12-09 2021-04-09 温州宏丰电工合金股份有限公司 基于AgC废边角料再利用的AgNi电接触材料的制备方法

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