EP4271881A1 - Procédé de production de produits à base de biomasse non ligneuse comme matière première - Google Patents

Procédé de production de produits à base de biomasse non ligneuse comme matière première

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Publication number
EP4271881A1
EP4271881A1 EP21840069.5A EP21840069A EP4271881A1 EP 4271881 A1 EP4271881 A1 EP 4271881A1 EP 21840069 A EP21840069 A EP 21840069A EP 4271881 A1 EP4271881 A1 EP 4271881A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
particles
extraction
content
wood
fatty acids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21840069.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Anton Friedl
Maximilian LEHR
Martin MILTNER
Walter WUKOVITS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technische Universitaet Wien
Original Assignee
Technische Universitaet Wien
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Technische Universitaet Wien filed Critical Technische Universitaet Wien
Publication of EP4271881A1 publication Critical patent/EP4271881A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/20—Pulping cellulose-containing materials with organic solvents or in solvent environment
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
    • A23K10/32—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from hydrolysates of wood or straw
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C3/00—Pulping cellulose-containing materials
    • D21C3/22—Other features of pulping processes
    • D21C3/26—Multistage processes
    • D21C3/266—Multistage processes the same pulping agent being used in all stages
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/02—Washing ; Displacing cooking or pulp-treating liquors contained in the pulp by fluids, e.g. wash water or other pulp-treating agents
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/08—Removal of fats, resins, pitch or waxes; Chemical or physical purification, i.e. refining, of crude cellulose by removing non-cellulosic contaminants, optionally combined with bleaching
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • D21C9/00—After-treatment of cellulose pulp, e.g. of wood pulp, or cotton linters ; Treatment of dilute or dewatered pulp or process improvement taking place after obtaining the raw cellulosic material and not provided for elsewhere
    • D21C9/08—Removal of fats, resins, pitch or waxes; Chemical or physical purification, i.e. refining, of crude cellulose by removing non-cellulosic contaminants, optionally combined with bleaching
    • D21C9/086—Removal of fats, resins, pitch or waxes; Chemical or physical purification, i.e. refining, of crude cellulose by removing non-cellulosic contaminants, optionally combined with bleaching with organic compounds or compositions comprising organic compounds

Definitions

  • the invention relates to processes for the production of products based on non-woody biomass, in particular processes for the pre-treatment of non-woody biomass.
  • Non-woody biomass as a raw material for industrial processing into products contains - in addition to the main components cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin - many different low and high molecular weight substances such as fatty acids, phenols, alcohols, aldehydes, pinenes, terpenoids and terpenes .
  • extractives or extractives because they can be extracted from non-woody biomass using hot water and/or organic solvents (Boutekedj iret et al., in: Alternative Solvents for Natural Products Extraction (2014) , Chemat et al (Eds), 205-219 Martins et al (2017) J Mol Liq 241, 996-1002 Hippenstiel et al (2011) Arch , Food Rev. 12 (1996), 303-350).
  • extractive substances are "organoleptically relevant substances” since they can lead to odor and taste interactions and impairments in products based on non-woody biomass with the environment relevant to the respective end use (e.g.
  • aldehydes are primarily responsible for this, which are produced by autocatalytic oxidation of the fatty acids naturally occurring in the non-woody biomass, in particular linoleic acid , to be formed (Hatanaka, 1996) .
  • particles from non-lignifying biomass can coagulate into sticky particles during processing, which is intensified by the fats and waxes that also occur naturally in non-lignifying biomass.
  • These aggregates can also lead to disruptive effects on the surface of the manufactured products (such as cardboard or special papers), which subsequently cause problems in the further processing of the products (e.g. printing). be able.
  • These substances can also have a disruptive effect on the production process by causing deposits on machine parts, rollers and clothing parts, etc. cause.
  • fatty acids are not removed from particles for particle-based products such as paperboard or fiberboard. Instead, the auto-oxidation of these fatty acids is inhibited or delayed by the addition of complexing agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to bind the heavy metal ions, which act as a catalyst, in the products made from particles of non-woody biomass will.
  • complexing agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) to bind the heavy metal ions, which act as a catalyst, in the products made from particles of non-woody biomass will.
  • EDTA and its metal complexes are only poorly and slowly degradable in waste water treatment and are therefore considered ecologically questionable today, which entails ever greater problems, especially for waste water from production plants for products based on non-woody biomass.
  • Bleaching, delignifying, oxidizing or reducing chemicals can be used in other processes that have been described for improving the organoleptic properties.
  • WO/0061858 A1 relates to a method for separating lignocellulose-containing biomass into lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose.
  • US Pat. No. 5,698,667 A discloses a pretreatment of a lignocellulosic material by extraction with an organic solvent (eg acetone).
  • DE 10 2014 114 921 A1 relates to a method for producing a "reduced-emission” solid wood product or a “reduced-emission” wood-containing starting material, which is treated with a "buffer solution” with a pH of >6 in order to reduce the emission (essentially of VOCs) to "reduce”, however cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin are apparently not substantially preserved and it is not disclosed to what extent the content of fatty acids can be reduced with this method.
  • solid wood or wood particles are treated in such a way that the fatty acid esters contained therein are "inhibited, split or oxidized", but not extracted.
  • WO 93/20279 A1 discloses the treatment of cellulose pulp (i.e. no wood particles) with organic solvents , which are separated again after this treatment must .
  • WO 2020/000008 A1 discloses the production of lignin particles.
  • WO 00/34568 A1 relates to a method for producing chemical pulp from wood chips, with hemicellulose and lignin being separated off.
  • EP 2 138 528 A1 relates to a method for producing a cellulosic material with a reduced wood extractive content.
  • DE 10 2016 219 719 B3 discloses a method for producing cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin.
  • EP 2 356 977 A1 relates to the use of Gliditsche wood extracts for the treatment of cellulite.
  • a further object of the present invention is a significant improvement in the organoleptic properties of the particles based on non-verhol collapsing biomass and aged particles that are produced by this method, so that the products produced with it have little or no odor even without the Have the use or addition of bleaching, delignifying, oxidizing or reducing chemicals.
  • the method according to the invention after aging of the particles from non-wooden biomass (up to 6 months), an undesirable odor and taste changes occurring in the course of this aging in the foodstuffs coming into contact with them are to be prevented.
  • a preferred object of the present invention is to remove further ingredients from particles based on non-woody biomass that are undesirable in the planned product, for example terpenes.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the production of products based on non-woody biomass as a raw material, in which non-woody biomass containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin in the form of particles is subjected to an extraction treatment with an extraction agent, which comprises one or more organic solvents in an organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent or solvents with water, the content of fatty acids in the particles being reduced by the extraction treatment of the particles with the extractant is reduced by at least 70%, measured as hexanal content in wt.% after accelerated aging for 72 h at 90°C, but the content of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin is substantially preserved in this extraction treatment.
  • an extraction agent which comprises one or more organic solvents in an organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent or solvents with water
  • the inventive extraction of the organoleptically questionable substances from the raw materials can significantly improve the organoleptic properties of the particles based on non-woody biomass without the addition of complexing agents, but by removing potential aldehyde sources, especially fatty acids , be achieved.
  • potential aldehyde sources especially fatty acids
  • the hexanal content of the particles after aging was therefore used to assess the success of the extraction.
  • the method according to the invention a large part of the fatty acids and other disruptive substances (pinenes, terpenoids and terpenes, etc.) can be extracted without the substance of non-woody biomass (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) being significantly affected is affected. While any improvement in the removal of fatty acids from the non-woody biomass based raw material has benefits, a significant reduction of at least 70% for suitable large scale commercial use is readily possible with the present process.
  • the treatment according to the invention is preferably selected such that the desired reduction is achieved in any case, and a reduction of at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, in particular at least 95%, is achieved.
  • the conditions to be used according to the invention can then be selected, for example on the basis of the nature of the non-woody biomass or of the extractant, so that the hexanal reduction according to the invention in any case results in .
  • particles with a hexanal content of 2 mg/kg dry matter (DM) can also be used for certain applications, absolute values of less than 1 mg/kgDM are preferred.
  • a hexanal content of 0.5 mg/kgTM hexanal (based on dry non-woody biomass) was marked as an empirically determined value below which organoleptic impairments experience has shown that they are no longer perceptible to the senses.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention relates to an extraction of the particles based on non-woody biomass to a hexanal content of 0.5 mg/kg DM or below. For particles with a hexanal content of >0.5 mg/kgTM it was found that the risk of organoleptic impairment of the particles also increased with increasing hexanal content.
  • HS-GC headspace gas chromatography
  • TSG dry matter content
  • the non-woody biomass particles must then be sealed and aged at room temperature (approx. 20 °C) for six months in order to oxidize the fatty acids to hexanal.
  • the hexanal content is determined according to the present invention via accelerated aging based on DIN ISO 5630-2. This was used to determine the hexanal content in the experiments in the example section (unless explicitly stated otherwise); this method is also decisive in case of doubt for determining the hexanal content for the purposes of the present invention.
  • the non-woody biomass particles are sealed in HS-GC vials, aged for 72 h at 90 °C and then the hexanal content is determined using HS-GC.
  • the particles are preferably less than 2 mm in size, preferably in the form of fibers, chips or mixtures thereof.
  • This particle characteristic (as "particle size") is defined according to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) Laboratory Analytical Procedure (LAP) NREL/TP-510-42620 "Preparation of Samples for Compositional Analysis", to which the NREL LAP NREL/TP-510-42619 “Determination of Extractives in Biomass” also refers.
  • the particle characteristic of the particle size is accordingly formulated on the sieve mesh size (2 mm) of the cutting mill for sample preparation.
  • the particles based on non-woody biomass used according to the invention are preferably present in the form of fibers, chips or mixtures thereof.
  • the particles are non-woody biomass, in particular non-woody biomass fibers with average fiber lengths between 0.5 and 2 mm and average fiber diameters between 10 and 50 ⁇ m, that have been broken down into fibers by mechanical and/or thermal and/or chemical digestion.
  • Average fiber length and average fiber diameter relate to the average length, determined by optical measurement of the suspended fibers.
  • organic compounds that can be extracted using the method according to the invention will vary depending on the type of non-lignifying biomass and component of the plants from which the particles are obtained.
  • Such organic compounds in bark often vary in the range of 20 to 40%, in olive tree bush cuttings often from 15 and 20 in grapevine bush cuttings often from 5 to 10%; for example, proportions of 16% and 10% were reported for switchgrass, 25% and 16% for fescue, 17% and 5% for maize straw and 21 and 13% for red maple bark (Royer et al., J Food Res 1 (2012) 8-45 Routa et al Nat Res Bioecon Stud 73 (2017) Nat Res Institute (FI) ; Cavalaglio et al., Sustainability 12 (2020), 6678; Thammasouk et al., J.
  • the extractive substance content can range from a single-digit percentage range to several 10%, i.e. usually from 1 to 50%, mostly from 5 to 40% (this information also refers to based on % by weight ) .
  • non-woody biomasses containing cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and containing organoleptic substances to be removed can be used.
  • Preferred particles according to the present invention are straw and straw-like substances.
  • straw is defined as "dry stalks, stalks and leaves of the threshed cereal species, Defined legumes, oil and fiber plants and also marketed as fuel, among other things.
  • “Straw-like substances” are grass species, whole-plant cereals, miscanthus, Jerusalem artichokes, etc., i.e. the entire above-ground biomass growth of non-woody plants. B. reeds, shrub cuttings, leaves of trees and shrubs, bark, elephant grass, hay, and corn cobs”.
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • aliphatic and aromatic aldehydes in particular hexanal and furfural
  • wood being treated with at least one compound for adjustment a neutral to basic pH (such as NaOH) and at least one complexing agent (such as EDTA or DTPA)
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • EDTA EDTA
  • DTPA complexing agent
  • the present invention thus brings decisive advantages over a mere chemical-thermo-mechanical digestion (CTMP), which is known per se, in which wood chips are mixed with sodium sulfite and EDTA, both with regard to environmental aspects and with regard to the effect according to the invention in the ef fi cient depletion of fatty acids from the raw material.
  • CMP chemical-thermo-mechanical digestion
  • US Pat. No. 5,698,667 A discloses a pretreatment of a lignocellulosic material by extraction with an organic solvent (e.g. acetone) in order to remove wood extractives, such as volatile organic compounds (VOC) and higher-molecular pitch components. without significantly affecting the integrity of the lignocellulosic components of the material.
  • organic solvent e.g. acetone
  • the hexanal content has proven itself as an indicator for the auto-oxidation of the fatty acids naturally occurring in the non-woody biomass, especially if it is determined after accelerated aging of the particles (72 h at 90° C.).
  • this hexanal content is reduced by at least 70%, based on the potential of the starting raw material (and--in absolute contents), preferably down to below 0.5 mg/kg DM reduced .
  • odor and taste interactions of products based on non-woody biomass with the environment relevant to the respective end use e.g. food in the case of packaging board or room air in the case of fiberboard
  • the present invention can be greatly reduced with the present invention.
  • the composition of the particles is not significantly changed by the pretreatment, i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin in the non-woody biomass are not significantly reduced (at least by no more than 10%, preferably by no more than 6%, in particular reduced by no more than 4%) extracted and/or degraded, this reduction preferably being determined as an extracted solid mass, based on the starting material, the biomass particles.
  • the present invention results in further important product and process advantages, particularly for the production of paper, fibreboard and cardboard:
  • Insoluble sticky residues based on the organic compounds contained in the non-woody material are removed from the process (or their formation in the production process is prevented) and thus cannot have a disruptive effect on the production process, so that there are no or reduced deposits on machine parts , rollers and clothing parts etc. . comes .
  • the extractive pre-treatment according to the present invention also greatly reduces the COD loads of the waste water from the process, as a result of which larger production capacities are made possible with the same COD load in the waste water.
  • the release of odor- and taste-active aldehydes in products based on non-woody biomass, such as cardboard or fibreboards, by auto-oxidation of fatty acids naturally occurring in the non-woody biomass can also be achieved according to the present invention without the addition of complexing agents.
  • a complexing agent such as EDTA or DTPA in the manufacture of products based on non-woody biomass to reduce the odor and taste of these products becomes superfluous, which eliminates the EDTA/DTPA contamination of the waste water and thus the ( reason) water-related environmental impacts of the production of these products are reduced, as well as the EDTA / DTPA contamination of the products themselves is avoided.
  • extractives are also significantly reduced and thus removed from the process, which reduces the extractive loading of the process water in the production of the particles and thus results in lower demands on the wastewater cleaning/treatment.
  • the reduced extractive substance load in the process water also has the advantage that problems in the manufacturing process of the products made from the particles treated according to the invention can be reduced and the quality of the products can be increased. This variant is therefore a particularly environmentally friendly embodiment of the present invention.
  • the necessary specific process conditions can be determined directly and without further inventive step on the basis of the teaching disclosed herein, in particular taking into account the results presented in the example section, especially considering the (usually known) amounts of organic matter (such as fatty acids, pinenes, phenol
  • the present invention can be integrated relatively easily into existing production plants or operated with existing plants.
  • the choice of the liquid phase of the extract according to the invention also depends on the relevant non-woody biomass type (and its natural content of extractives).
  • the solvent or solvent mixture in the extraction agent must also be selected in such a way that there is no significant loss of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin and the treatment time is not excessively long.
  • examples of other organic solvents that can be used instead of (or for certain purposes together with) ethanol or acetone in the extractant on an industrial scale are methanol, n-propanol and isopropanol.
  • preferred ratios of extractant to solid/dry substance are 5:1-25:1 (w/w), preferably 8:1-17:1 (w/w).
  • 100% extractant always means the total amount of extractant present after extraction, namely the extractant, including the materials extracted from the particles and that in the non-lignifying biomass -The raw material (in the particles) contained water.
  • non-woody biomass dry matter the amounts of non-woody biomass feedstock are usually given herein as "non-woody biomass dry matter" and the substances extracted from the non-woody biomass are usually less than 1% of the total mass of the extractant
  • the ratios before the Extraction essentially (just +/- 1%) also the conditions after the extraction (the possibly existing water content in the non-lignifying biomass starting material, which is usually given in the case of economic utilization, is accordingly always already included in the extraction agent).
  • acetone concentration of the extraction agent at 1:10 solid: extraction agent
  • the organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent(s) preferably contains at least 10% water, preferably at least 7.5% water, in particular at least 5% water, preferably at least in a process with a single extraction step or (e.g in a method with at least two extraction steps) in the first extraction step.
  • the extraction temperatures can also be determined on the basis of the other non-woody biomass and process parameters, in particular taking into account the energy consumption that higher temperatures require.
  • the treatment preferably takes place at an extraction temperature of 20-150.degree. C., preferably 40-120.degree. C., in particular 50-110.degree.
  • the process according to the invention is operated at normal pressure; in certain cases extraction under pressure can be advantageous (despite the additional energy expenditure of the pressure application). Therefore, according to a preferred embodiment, the treatment according to the invention takes place at an absolute extraction pressure of 1-5 bar, preferably 1-1.49 bar.
  • the duration of the extraction process according to the invention can also be determined on the basis of the other process parameters, which duration is necessary for the depletion of fatty acids to be achieved.
  • the treatment according to the invention preferably takes place during an extraction time of 10 minutes to 8 hours, preferably 30 minutes to 7 hours, in particular 1 to 5 hours.
  • the present method is suitable for all non-woody biomass-based products in which organoleptic properties play a role.
  • the method according to the invention is particularly suitable for products that are in use for a long time, for packaging foodstuffs or are used indoors.
  • the method according to the invention is therefore particularly suitable for the (large-scale) production of cardboard, paper, in particular special paper, fibreboard, chipboard, insulating materials, commodities (for example (or in case of doubt) according to the definition of the Austrian Food Safety and Consumer Protection Act (LMSV, BGBl. I No. 13/2006, idFv 01.10.2020) ), medical devices (e.g. (or in case of doubt) according to the definition of the Austrian Medical Devices Act (MPG, Federal Law Gazette No. 657/1996, idFv 01.10.2020) ), food additives, pharmaceutical additives , such as excipients.
  • LMSV Austrian Food Safety and Consumer Protection Act
  • MPG Federal Law Gazette No. 657/1996, i
  • the dry substance content of the particles used is reduced by less than 10%, preferably by less than 5%, in particular by less than 4%, in the treatment according to the invention, this reduction preferably being expressed as the extracted solid mass , based on the starting material , namely the particles based on non - woody biomass , is determined .
  • the particles used according to the invention can preferably be selected from the industrially relevant non-verhol collapsing plant species, ie z.
  • the particles are mixed with the extraction agent during the treatment.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention is that the particles be pressed after treatment with the extractant to remove the extractant.
  • the particles can preferably be cleaned one or more times with an extractant, even more preferably with an organic-aqueous solvent with a concentration similar to or the same as that of the extractant.
  • the extractant used in the extraction and/or washing can be removed from the particles by repeated washing with water and/or steam stripping and/or drying, with steam stripping and/or drying being particularly preferred. Both the extraction agent and the washing water are preferably regenerated for reuse after the process according to the invention.
  • the extractives especially fatty acids and terpenes, can be separated from the extractant and used as by-products.
  • the content of fatty acids in the particles is preferably reduced by at least 75%, preferably by at least 80%, in particular by at least 90%, measured as the hexanal content in wt. -% of the particles in the starting material compared to the extracted particles each after accelerated aging for 72 h at 90 °C.
  • the particles obtained in this way preferably have a fatty acid content in the particles of less than 2 mg/kg dry matter, preferably less than 1 mg/kg dry matter, in particular less than 0.5 mg/kg dry matter, measured as hexanal content as mass fraction of the extracted particles after accelerated aging for 72 h at 90 °C.
  • the method according to the invention In addition to reducing the hexanal content, it is also possible with the method according to the invention to reduce the mechanical strength of the extracted particles, measured as Tensile Index of test sheets in Nm/g, by at least 10%, preferably by at least 15%, in particular by at least 25%. , to increase, whereby the freeness, measured in ° SR, changes by less than 10%. It has been shown according to the invention that, in addition to the extraction of fatty acids, terpenes and pinenes (along with other VOCs) can also be extracted using the method according to the invention.
  • the fatty acids, terpenes, pinenes and/or other extractives extracted into the extraction agent are subjected to a further purification process and can then be made available as by-products of the production in an extracted and optionally further purified form.
  • This can be done in particular by mechanical separation technology after the thermal separation of the organic solvent from the organic-aqueous extraction agent in order to separate the precipitated lipophilic extractives (such as fatty acids and resin acids) and an aqueous phase enriched with hydrophilic extractives (such as lignans). win, whereby the hydrophilic extractive substances can be further concentrated by subsequent treatment with thermal separation technology (e.g.
  • the use of the lipophilic extractive fraction obtained by this method is suitable as a feed supplement (WO 2015/071534 A1, US Pat. No. 10,092,610 B2), since the resin acids contained in the lipophilic extractive fraction inhibit the growth of harmful bacteria in the animal's digestive tract and thus prevent digestive disorders , which has already been shown in various studies, especially for poultry (Kettunen et al., Natural resin acid-enriched composition as a modulator of intestinal microbiota and performance enhancer in broiler chicken (2015) , Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition Vol.3; Kettunen et al., Dietary resin acid composition as a performance enhancer for broiler chickens (2017), Journal of Applied Animal Nutrition Vol 5, pp 349-355, Vienola et al., Tall oil fatty acid inclusion in the diet improves performance and increases ileal density of lactobacilli in broiler chickens (2016) British Poultry Science Vol. 59 no. 3 ) .
  • the particles are not given any complexing agents, in particular complexing agents selected from polybasic and polyfunctional carboxylic acids, aminomethylcarboxylic acids, aminomethylphosphonic acids and their compounds, EDTA, DTPA EGTA, EDDS and their salts, polyphenols, tannins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, polycarboxylates , phosphates, polyphosphates, phosphonic acids, polyphosphonates, phosphated, phosphonylated, sulfated and sulfonated polymers, added during the extraction process, especially during the entire manufacturing process for the products made from the particles.
  • the method according to the invention represents an extremely advantageous and practice-relevant variant, if only for ecological reasons.
  • the present invention relates to a method according to the invention for the production of products based on wood as a raw material, in which - instead of the cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin-containing, non-woody biomass in the form of particles - wood in The form of wood particles is used as the starting material and the extractives extracted with the extraction agent, i.e.
  • fatty acids, terpenes, pinenes and/or optionally other extractives are fed to a further purification process, namely by mechanical separation technology after thermal separation of the organic Solvent from the organic-aqueous extractant, with lipophilic extract substances, in particular fatty acids and resin acids, being precipitated and separated, and an aqueous phase enriched with hydrophilic extract substances, in particular lignans, is obtained, with preferably the hydrophilic extract substance fe be further concentrated by subsequent treatment with thermal separation technology, in particular by means of membrane separation processes and / or adsorption.
  • a membrane filtration of the extractant is preferably carried out beforehand during the enrichment of the extract substance.
  • the wood particles are made of coniferous wood particles, preferably spruce wood particles, fir wood particles, pine wood particles, or larch wood particles. particles; Deciduous wood particles, in particular beech wood particles, poplar wood particles, birch wood particles, or eucalyptus wood particles; or mixtures thereof.
  • the lipophilic extractive substance fraction obtained according to the invention is preferably used as a feed supplement.
  • the x-axis shows the extraction time in h; the y-axis the hexanal content of the extracted wood pulp in mg/kgTM;
  • the x-axis shows the extraction time in h; the y-axis the hexanal content of the extracted wood pulp in mg/kgTM;
  • FIG. 3 shows the hexanal content at an extraction temperature of 110°C.
  • the x-axis shows the extraction time in h; the y-axis the hexanal content of the extracted wood pulp in mg/kgDM;
  • the x-axis shows the extraction time in h; the y-axis the reduction of the hexanal content in % based on dry starting material;
  • Fig. 5 the hexanal content reduction at 90°C extraction temperature temperature .
  • the x-axis shows the extraction time in h; the y-axis the reduction of the hexanal content in % based on dry starting material;
  • Fig. 6 the hexanal content reduction at 110 °C extraction temperature.
  • the x-axis shows the extraction time in h; the y-axis the reduction of the hexanal content in % based on dry starting material.
  • the aim of the process developed in this patent is a significant improvement in the organoleptic properties of the particles of non-woody biomass and aged particles of this biomass produced by this process.
  • the unwanted odor that occurs, especially after the particles from non-woody biomass have aged (up to 6 months), and the taste of the food that comes into contact with them, is mainly caused by aldehydes (especially hexanal), which are produced by autocatalytic oxidation of naturally occurring fatty acids (especially linoleic acid) in the non-lignified biomass.
  • this autocatalytic oxidation is currently prevented industrially - in the processing of wood biomass - by complexing the metal ions present in the wood particles, which act as a catalyst, by adding complexing agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). . severely slowed down.
  • the method according to the present invention achieves a significant improvement in the organoleptic properties of the particles from non-woody biomass, also without the addition of complexing agents, but by removing potential aldehyde sources, above all fatty acids.
  • Hexanal relative to dry wood
  • hexanal contents in wood particles and particles from non-woody biomass > 0.5 mg/kgTM: The higher the hexanal content, the greater the organoleptic impairment of the wood particles or particles from non-woody biomass.
  • the hexanal content can be determined using headspace gas chromatography (HS-GC) by filling a headspace vial with approx. 0.2 g of air-dried wood particles (90-95 wt% TSG). In these vials, the sealed wood particles must then be aged for six months at room temperature (approx. 20 °C) in order to oxidize the fatty acids to hexanal. Since this takes a lot of time and therefore does not allow a timely assessment of the extraction success, accelerated aging according to DIN ISO 5630-2 was carried out for the present experiments (unless explicitly stated otherwise). The wood particles were sealed in HS-GC vials, aged for 72 h at 90° C. and then the hexanal content was determined using HS-GC.
  • HS-GC headspace gas chromatography
  • the hexanal content was used for the extraction success of all experiments according to the present invention, since experience has shown that this is the main factor influencing the organoleptic impairment of wood particles but also of particles from non-woody biomass.
  • the extractive substance content using Soxhlet extraction according to the TAPPI standard T204 is too imprecise for this, as Table 2 shows.
  • the TAPPI standard T204 was not used to determine the extractive content of the wood particles in all the tests in this patent, but the NREL method NREL/TP-510-42619, which is very similar to T204, and wood z -Grinding or . 2 mm large wood particles were used as the starting material instead of wood flour.
  • Table 2 As can be seen in Table 2, the Soxhlet extractions with ethanol differ significantly from those with acetone in terms of the hexanal content, but not significantly in terms of the extractive content. This means that, for example, two differently extracted wood particles can have different organoleptic properties despite not significantly different extractive content. The hexanal content of the wood particles after aging is therefore a much stronger and more accurate indicator of the organoleptic impairment than the extractive content, and was therefore used for the extraction success according to the present invention. In addition, the hexanal content of the starting material and the resulting reduction in the hexanal content were specified for all experiments, since the starting materials are snapshots and the hexanal content can therefore vary greatly from time to time.
  • the extracted extractive mass (determined as the evaporation residue of the extract) is an important indicator for the solid mass loss of the extraction, since it - apart from a few very volatile compounds - includes almost the entire extractively removed solid mass.
  • the evaporation residue of the extract together with the hexanal content of the extracted wood particles is an important measure for assessing the selectivity of the extraction.
  • Table 3 shows that even with higher hexanal contents in the starting material, ethanol extracts best, followed by acetone. Cyclohexane extracts by far the worst, which means that completely non-polar solvents are unsuitable for the extraction of fatty acids.
  • Reichardt and Welton Reichardt and Welton, Solvents and Solvent Effects in Organic Chemistry 4 (2011), Weinheim: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, pp 550-552
  • the empirically determined polarity of cyclohexane is 0 (very non-polar) compared to 0.355 from acetone and 0.654 from ethanol. Nevertheless, extraction with cyclohexane was also able to reduce the hexanal content by 79%.
  • Figures 1 to 3 show that the extraction success with 70 or 90 wt% ethanol is significantly improved compared to enem at 50 wt% - especially at lower temperatures.
  • Ethanol concentrations of 70 or 90 wt% ethanol reduce the hexanal content to a comparable level. With the extraction temperatures, it is apparent that the hexanal content is approximately the same at 90 and 110°C decrease, while at 70°C it is not reduced as much. With 90 wt% ethanol, the hexanal content can even drop below the 0.5 mg/kgTM mark from 90°C, which means that the groundwood extracted under these conditions no longer has any organoleptic impairments, according to experience.
  • Table 4 shows that despite the high hexanal content reductions achieved in this test series, the extracted solids mass is max. 7 wt% (based on the starting material) - but usually significantly lower. With a determined extractive content of the starting material of approx. 3 wt%, this means that neither hemicelluloses nor lignin are extracted to any significant extent.
  • Experiment 2 Extraction of wet wood pulp with ethanol under different conditions The extraction of moist groundwood represents real conditions much better, especially in cardboard production, than the extraction of dry groundwood, as in test 1. In addition, significantly more sample mass was taken for these tests (factor 225) than for test 1 in order to get a more meaningful to get result.
  • Approx. 450 gTM of mechanically dewatered groundwood (approx. 25 wt% TSG; approx. 95% spruce and 5% pine) were dissolved in an ethanol-water mixture with a solids:solvent ratio of 1:10 w/w and ethanol concentrations of 60 wt% at temperatures of 70 and 90 °C for 2 and 4 hours in an autoclave. After extraction, the groundwood was pressed, washed with ethanol, pressed again and washed again with deionized water before it was dried, aged and analyzed. Table 5 shows the results of these extractions.
  • Experiment 3 was carried out to test three different technically relevant solvents under real extraction conditions testing.
  • Approx. 450 gTM of mechanically dewatered groundwood (approx. 25 wt% TSG; approx. 95% spruce and 5% pine) were dissolved in a solvent-water mixture with a solids:extractant ratio of 1:10 w/w and a solvent concentration of 70 wt% at a temperature of 70 °C for 4 hours in an autoclave.
  • the groundwood was pressed, washed with extraction agent, pressed again and washed again with deionized water before it was dried, aged and analyzed. Table 6 shows the results of these extractions.
  • the evaporation residue of the extract is only between 2.2 and 2.4 wt% based on the starting material dry mass, which means that with a determined extractive content of 3.6 wt%, the main wood components are cellulose, hemicelluloses and In fact, lignin was not attacked and the extractions were therefore very selective.
  • the abietic acid content of the extractions in this experiment was reduced by 41-55%, based on the starting material. Since abietic acid was chosen here as the key substance for the content of resin acids, a reduction in the content by around 50% is an indication of the clear reduction in resin through the process of this patent.
  • the hexanal content is reduced by over 80% in all extractions (except for the solid:extractant ratio of 1:10 (w/w) at a starting material hexanal content of 14.07 mg/kgDM). reduced.
  • extraction agent-solids ratios of more than 10:1 (w/w)
  • the evaporation residue of the extract is less than 3%, which, given the extractive substance content of the starting material of 3.4 - 3.7 wt%, is proof of the quantitative preservation of the lignocellulose components in this process.
  • the hexanal content is already reduced by more than 80% after the first stage in all extractions, However, it is still well above 0.50 mg/kgDM, especially in the case of a starting material with a higher hexanal content.
  • stage three the hexanal content in all of the ground wood samples extracted from this test was below 0.50 mg/kgDM, in some cases even below the limit of quantification of 0.20 mg/kgDM.
  • the evaporation residue of the extract is less than 3.5%, which, given the extractive substance content of the starting material of 2.5 - 3.7 wt%, is proof of the quantitative preservation of the lignocellulose components in this process.
  • the multi-stage extractions were carried out analogously to experiment 5 by pressing off the wood particles after each extraction stage and mixing them with fresh, unloaded extraction agent.
  • the extraction parameters were 50 °C, extraction times of 1 h per extraction stage and acetone concentrations of 70 wt% in the extractant (extraction parameter 1) and 21 °C, extraction times of 30 min per extraction stage and pure acetone as the added extractant resulting in acetone Concentrations of 70 - 99 wt% depending on the extraction stage and particle size results (extraction parameter 2).
  • the solids: extractant ratios were chosen so that the wood particles were just covered with extractant (1:6 for wood chips and ground wood chips and 1:10 for ground wood). After extraction, the wood particles were pressed (and washed with extractant at extraction parameter 1) and pressed again before being dried, aged and analyzed. The results of this Extractions are listed in Table 9.
  • the hexanal content of wood chips can only be reduced by about 20-30% using the process according to the invention.
  • the wood chips are ground to a particle size of 2 mm, as also specified by the NREL method NREL/TP-510-42620, the hexanal content can be reduced to approx. 1 mg/kgTM using the process according to the invention, which is hexanal content of 21.36 mg/kgTM a reduction of approx. 95% is equivalent to.
  • the reduction in the hexanal content is even higher at approx. 97 1.
  • the remaining residue was centrifuged at 7197 g for 10 min and then the sediment was separated from the supernatant.
  • the supernatant was weighed and its dry matter content determined by gentle drying at room temperature, which essentially corresponds to the content of extracted extractives.
  • the sediment was also weighed and dissolved in a defined mass of pure acetone. From this, the dry matter content was determined analogously to the supernatant.
  • the deposits that had already formed during the distillation were also dissolved in pure acetone. From this, the dry matter content was determined analogously to the sediment.
  • the content of free fatty acids (linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid and stearic acid, each expressed in linoleic acid equivalents), resin acids (isopimaric acid, palustric acid, dehydroabietic acid and abietic acid, each expressed in abietic acid equivalents) and lignans (isolariciresinol, secoisolariciresinol, conidendric acid, hydroxymatairesinol and matairesinol, each expressed in hydroxymatairesinol equivalents).
  • the results of Trial 1 and Trial 2 (replicates with the same parameters) are listed in Tables 11 and 12.
  • the bulk of the extractive substance accumulates as centrifuged sediment.
  • the dry matter content (which here essentially corresponds to the mass of extractive substance) in the supernatant is only at a similarly low level as in the extract ( ⁇ 1 wt%) due to the selected separation process.
  • the proportion of free fatty acids and resin acids in the supernatant could be reduced to a very low level, while the lignans were enriched.
  • the sediment and the deposits contain little or no lignans, but a high content of free fatty acids and resin acids.
  • TSG dry matter content
  • a process for the manufacture of products based on non-woody biomass as a raw material characterized in that cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin-containing non-woody biomass in the form of particles is subjected to an extraction treatment with an extractant that contains one or comprises several organic solvents in an organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent(s) with water, the content of fatty acids in the particles being reduced by at least 70% by the extraction treatment of the particles with the extraction agent, measured as hexanal content in % by weight after accelerated aging for 72 h at 90°C, but the content of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin is essentially preserved in this extraction treatment.
  • NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
  • LAP Laboratory Analytical Procedure
  • Method according to embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that the particles are in the form of fibers, chips or mixtures thereof.
  • the proportion of solvent in the organic-aqueous solvent mixture in the extractant determined as the concentration of the liquid phase of the extract, consists of 0-95% by weight ethanol, preferably 50-90% by weight ethanol, 0-99% by weight acetone, preferably 30-90% by weight acetone, 0-70% by weight n-propanol, 0-85% by weight iso-propanol and/or 0-99% by weight of methanol.
  • the particles are selected from grain particles, legume fruit particles, oil plant particles, fibrous plant particles, grass particles, in particular miscanthus particles, Jerusalem artichoke particles, reed particles, shrub cuttings particles, leaf particles from trees and Shrubs, bark particles, elephant grass particles, hay particles, corncob particles, or mixtures thereof.
  • a further purification process preferably by mechanical separation technology after the thermal separation of the organic solvent from the organic-aqueous extraction agent, with lipophilic extractives, in particular fatty acids and resin acids, being precipitated and separated, and an aqueous phase enriched with hydrophilic extractives, in particular lignans, being obtained, with the hydrophilic extractives preferably being separated by subsequent
  • complexing agents selected from polybasic and polyfunctional carboxylic acids, aminomethylcarboxylic acids, aminomethylphosphonic acids and their compounds, EDTA, DTPA EGTA, EDDS and their salts, polyphenols, tannins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, polycarboxylates, phosphates, polyphosphates, phospho
  • organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent or solvents contains at least 10% water, preferably at least 7.5% water, in particular at least 5% water.
  • wood particles are selected from softwood particles, preferably spruce wood particles, fir wood particles, pine wood particles, or larch wood particles; Deciduous wood particles, in particular beech wood particles, poplar wood particles, birch wood particles, or eucalyptus wood particles; or mixtures thereof.
  • a process for the production of products based on non-woody biomass as a raw material characterized in that cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin-containing, non-woody biomass in the form of particles is subjected to an extraction treatment with an extractant containing one or more organic solvents or a organic-aqueous mixture of the solvent(s) with water, wherein the content of fatty acids in the particles is reduced by at least 70% by the extraction treatment of the particles with the extraction agent, measured as hexanal content in % by weight after accelerated aging for 72 h at 90°C, but the content of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin is essentially retained in this extraction treatment.
  • Method according to embodiment 1 or 2 characterized in that the particles in the form of fibers, chips, strands, Wood chips or mixtures thereof are present.
  • the solvent content of the organic-aqueous solvent mixture in the extractant determined as the concentration of the liquid phase of the extract, consists of 0-95% by weight ethanol, preferably 50-90% by weight ethanol, 0-99% by weight acetone, preferably 30-90% by weight acetone, 0-70% by weight n-propanol, 0-85% by weight iso-propanol and/or 0-99% by weight of methanol.
  • the particles are selected from grain particles, legume fruit particles, oil plant particles, fibrous plant particles, grass particles, in particular miscanthus particles, Jerusalem artichoke particles, reed particles, shrub cuttings particles, leaf particles from trees and shrubs, den particles, elephant grass particles, hay particles, corn cob particles, or mixtures thereof.
  • complexing agents selected from polybasic and polyfunctional carboxylic acids, aminomethyl carboxylic acids, aminomethyl-phosphonic acids and their compounds, EDTA, DTPA EGTA, EDDS and their Salts, polyphenols, tannins, amino acids, peptides, proteins, polycarboxylates, phosphates, polyphosphates

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production de produits à base de biomasse non ligneuse comme matière première, caractérisé en ce que la biomasse non ligneuse qui contient de la cellulose, des hémicelluloses et de la lignine et se présente sous la forme de particules, est soumise à un traitement d'extraction avec un agent d'extraction qui comprend un ou plusieurs solvants organiques dans un mélange aqueux organique du ou des solvants avec de l'eau, la teneur en acides gras dans les particules étant réduite par le traitement d'extraction des particules avec le solvant d'au moins 70 %, mesurée sous la forme d'une teneur en hexanal en % en poids après un vieillissement accéléré pendant 72 heures à 90 °C, mais la teneur en cellulose, hémicelluloses et lignine est sensiblement préservée dans ce traitement d'extraction.
EP21840069.5A 2020-12-29 2021-12-29 Procédé de production de produits à base de biomasse non ligneuse comme matière première Pending EP4271881A1 (fr)

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EP0635080B1 (fr) * 1992-04-06 1997-03-12 A. Ahlstrom Corporation Procede de production de pate
US5698667A (en) 1995-12-27 1997-12-16 Weyerhaeuser Company Pretreatment of wood particulates for removal of wood extractives
DE19856582C1 (de) * 1998-12-08 2001-03-15 Rhodia Acetow Ag Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Chemiezellstoff aus Hackschnitzeln
DE19916347C1 (de) * 1999-04-12 2000-11-09 Rhodia Acetow Ag Verfahren zum Auftrennen lignocellulosehaltiger Biomasse
EP1793972A1 (fr) * 2004-09-21 2007-06-13 Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gGmbH Bois ou materiau en bois et procede de fabrication associe
ES2524254T3 (es) * 2008-06-23 2014-12-04 Fritz Egger Gmbh & Co. Og Procedimiento para la producción de madera y/o una materia derivada de la madera con un contenido reducido de materia de extracto de madera y/o VOC
FI123498B (fi) * 2008-07-01 2013-05-31 Upm Kymmene Oyj Menetelmä oksapuu-uutteen fraktioimiseksi ja neste-nesteuuton käyttö oksapuu-uutteen puhdistamiseksi
DE102009046127A1 (de) 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Institut Für Holztechnologie Dresden Gemeinnützige Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Holzfaserwerkstoffen sowie Holzfaserwerkstoffe mit verringerter Emission an flüchtigen VOC
EP2356977B1 (fr) * 2011-02-02 2017-12-27 Symrise AG Préparations dotées d'extraits de bois de Gleditsia
NL2011164C2 (en) * 2013-07-15 2015-01-21 Stichting Energie Improved process for the organosolv treatment of lignocellulosic biomass.
FI124918B (fi) * 2013-05-14 2015-03-31 Hankkija Maatalous Oy Mäntyöljyrasvahappo
DE102014114921A1 (de) * 2013-10-14 2015-04-16 Hochschule für Nachhaltige Entwicklung Eberswalde Verfahren zur Herstellung eines emissionsreduzierten Massivholzproduktes oder eines emissionsreduzierten, holzhaltigen Ausgangsstoffes sowie emissionsreduzierte Massivholzprodukte oder emissionsreduzierte, holzhaltige Ausgangsstoffe
PT3068413T (pt) 2013-11-13 2020-11-16 Hankkija Oy Suplemento alimentar contendo ácido resínico
DE102016219719B3 (de) * 2016-10-11 2018-01-25 Clariant International Ltd. Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Cellulose, Hemicellulose und Lignin aus Lignocellulose aus pflanzlicher Biomasse
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