EP4263905A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur elektrolyse - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur elektrolyseInfo
- Publication number
- EP4263905A1 EP4263905A1 EP21836145.9A EP21836145A EP4263905A1 EP 4263905 A1 EP4263905 A1 EP 4263905A1 EP 21836145 A EP21836145 A EP 21836145A EP 4263905 A1 EP4263905 A1 EP 4263905A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cathode
- anode
- electrolytic cell
- reduced
- auxiliary
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 28
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-benzoquinone Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)C=C1 AZQWKYJCGOJGHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012080 ambient air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001423 beryllium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005594 diketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000004336 hydroxyquinones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006479 redox reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B11/00—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for
- C25B11/04—Electrodes; Manufacture thereof not otherwise provided for characterised by the material
- C25B11/051—Electrodes formed of electrocatalysts on a substrate or carrier
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/023—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production
- C25B15/025—Measuring, analysing or testing during electrolytic production of electrolyte parameters
- C25B15/029—Concentration
- C25B15/031—Concentration pH
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/081—Supplying products to non-electrochemical reactors that are combined with the electrochemical cell, e.g. Sabatier reactor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
- C25B15/083—Separating products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/70—Assemblies comprising two or more cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and a device for electrolysis, in particular for the production of hydrogen.
- Hydrogen is usually stored and transported under high pressure. For example, a pressure of 700 bar can be used for mobile applications. Therefore, when hydrogen is produced by electrolysis, compression is often required. However, mechanical compression is complex, expensive and inefficient. Methods are therefore known from the prior art with which hydrogen can be produced during electrolysis under a pressure of, for example, 50 bar. The effort for a subsequent compression of the hydrogen is reduced as a result. The construction of the electrolysis apparatus becomes more expensive as the pressure increases. In addition, gas cross-permeation through the membrane of the electrolytic cell increases with increasing pressure, which reduces efficiency.
- the gases generated during electrolysis such as oxygen and hydrogen, are separated from the electrolyte in gas separators.
- the electrolyte can then be reused.
- the object of the present invention is to produce hydrogen in a simple and efficient manner under high pressure.
- a method for electrolysis in which H 2 O is brought into contact with an anode and a catholyte is brought into contact with a cathode, the catholyte being a reversibly reducible and oxidizable auxiliary contains, wherein an electrical voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode, so that oxygen is formed at the anode and the auxiliary substance is reduced at the cathode, and wherein protons and the reduced auxiliary substance are stored outside the electrochemical cells in a reactor with a catalyst in be brought into contact, so that the reduced auxiliary is oxidized and hydrogen is formed from the protons under pressure.
- the hydrogen obtained can be used as an energy carrier, for example to drive motor vehicles.
- the process can be understood as a process for producing hydrogen under pressure.
- Oxygen is produced as a by-product.
- the hydrogen is not produced directly by electrolysis. Instead, electrolysis is performed using an adjuvant that is reduced during electrolysis.
- the hydrogen is then obtained through a chemical reaction in which the auxiliary also participates.
- the hydrogen is only obtained indirectly through electrolysis. This takes place in a reactor which is preferably designed as a high-pressure reactor.
- the reactor is preferably designed to be able to withstand at least 20 bar.
- the reactor preferably represents a catalytic gas separator.
- the electrolysis is carried out with H 2 O and a catholyte.
- the H 2 O can be in the form of liquid water and/or water vapor.
- a catholyte is one To understand substance that is brought into contact with the cathode during electrolysis.
- the catholyte is preferably a liquid.
- the catholyte contains an excipient.
- the auxiliary can be ions.
- the catholyte can be water containing the adjuvant ions.
- the excipient is present as an aqueous solution.
- the adjuvant can be formed by molecules.
- the excipient is part of a redox couple that can be reversibly oxidized and reduced.
- the term reduction refers - as is common practice - to a chemical reaction in which one or more electrons are accepted by an atom, ion or molecule.
- the reduced excipient is obtained from the excipient by reduction.
- the auxiliary substance is formed by atoms or ions, the oxidation state of the auxiliary substance changes as a result of the reduction.
- the reduction does not have to be accompanied by a change in the oxidation state. Nevertheless, in the case of molecules, it is also said that the reduced auxiliary substance is obtained from the auxiliary substance by reduction - i.e. by taking up electrons.
- oxidation is defined as a chemical reaction in which one or more electrons are lost from an atom, ion, or molecule.
- the H 2 O can be oxidized by contacting an anode as liquid water and/or gaseous water vapor.
- the catholyte is contacted with a cathode. This preferably takes place in that the water is flushed along the anode or that the catholyte is flushed along the cathode.
- the anode and the cathode are preferably part of an electrolytic cell. This means that the anode and the cathode belong to the same electrolytic cell.
- the electrolytic cell preferably has IrO 2 as an anodic catalyst.
- an electrical voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode.
- the magnitude of the electrical voltage is selected in such a way that oxygen is formed at the anode and the auxiliary substance is reduced at the cathode.
- protons and the auxiliary substance reduced during electrolysis at the cathode are brought into contact with a catalyst.
- the catalyst is preferably formed from platinum.
- the catalyst is preferably arranged in a gas separator. The catalyst in the gas separator should not be confused with the anodic catalyst.
- the protons can also have been created during the electrolysis and/or come from the catholyte.
- the protons can be contained in the catholyte from the outset. The reduction of the excipient can increase the number of protons.
- the protons and the reduced auxiliary are preferably brought into contact with the catalyst arranged in the gas separator by conducting the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary and the protons into a container (which can be designed in particular as a catalytic gas separator) which is equipped with a catalyst is.
- a container which can be designed in particular as a catalytic gas separator
- the ions of the reduced auxiliary and the protons can be present in aqueous solution and as such can be brought into contact with the catalyst.
- the catalyst also serves as an anode for the oxidation of the reduced auxiliary and as a cathode for the reduction of the protons.
- the fact that the reduced auxiliary is oxidized means that the auxiliary is obtained again from the reduced auxiliary.
- the previously reduced auxiliary is oxidized again.
- the auxiliary substance oxidized by the chemical reaction on the catalyst can be reused and reduced again by electrolysis.
- the auxiliary is preferably used in a circuit, the auxiliary being alternately reduced by electrolysis and recovered by oxidation on the catalyst in the gas separator. With the electrons released by the oxidation of the reduced auxiliary, the protons can be converted to hydrogen.
- the auxiliary and the material of the catalyst are preferably chosen so that the reaction on the catalyst proceeds spontaneously.
- the catalyst in the gas separator is preferably applied to a catalyst bed, which can be formed, for example, from porous ceramics, a carbon fleece or a metal grid, for example from silver.
- the catalyst bed is preferably arranged in such a way that, during operation, it is filled with the liquid catholyte in contact is established. Gaseous hydrogen can be formed on the catalyst. This can rise as gas bubbles in the liquid catholyte. This allows the catholyte to be thoroughly mixed, so that fresh catholyte continuously reaches the catalyst. This can be reinforced by the fact that the catalyst is mounted in such a way that the catalyst is moved, in particular rotated, by the rising gas bubbles.
- the auxiliary and the reduced auxiliary form a redox couple with a negative electrochemical standard potential. This is particularly preferred when the catholyte has a pH of 2 or less.
- the adjuvant can be referred to as less noble than hydrogen.
- the redox reaction with the reduced auxiliary and the auxiliary on the one hand and the protons and the hydrogen on the other hand can therefore take place so that the auxiliary and the hydrogen are formed.
- the excipient is V 3+ and the reduced excipient is V 2+ .
- the auxiliary is formed by ions.
- V 3+ are triple positive ions of vanadium. These can be reduced to V 2+ , i.e. to doubly positive vandium ions.
- the redox couple y 3+ /y 2+ has a standard electrochemical potential of -0.25 V.
- the reaction according to equation (1) takes place at the anode, as a result of which H 2 O is converted into oxygen and protons, with the protons migrating to the cathode.
- the oxygen can be formed in a gaseous state.
- the reaction according to equation (2) runs off at the cathode, reducing V 3+ as an adjuvant to V 2+ . This results in the following overall reaction for the electrolysis:
- the reaction according to equation (5) takes place at the catalyst, preferably in the gas separator.
- the reaction according to equation (4) can also take place on the catalyst, but this is not necessarily the case; it can also take place on an electrically conductive material that is in contact with the catalyst, for example a carbon support.
- hydrogen is obtained from the protons and from the change in oxidation state of the auxiliary substance.
- the auxiliary is suitable for reversible hydrogen uptake and hydrogen release. This is the case in particular in the preferred case in which the auxiliary is formed by quinones.
- the group of quinones includes organic compounds of crossed cyclically conjugated diketones.
- the auxiliary is preferably formed by hydroxyquinones.
- any substance comprising quinone molecules with which a reaction according to equation (7) is possible is particularly suitable as an auxiliary substance. According to Equation (7), these do not change their oxidation state as would be the case with ions. Nevertheless, the auxiliary with the absorbed hydrogen C,auxiliary-H 2 ") is referred to as a "reduced auxiliary" because this has emerged from the auxiliary by the reduction according to equation (7).
- the anode is arranged in an anode space of an electrolytic cell
- the cathode is arranged in a cathode space of the electrolytic cell
- the catalyst is arranged in a gas separator connected to the cathode space.
- the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary and the protons is preferably present in the liquid state in the cathode space. If the reduced auxiliary is ions, for example V 2+ , these ions can be present together with the protons as an aqueous solution.
- the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary and the protons can therefore be a liquid which can be conducted from the cathode space into the gas separator.
- the hydrogen can be formed as described on the catalyst in the gas separator, in particular in the gaseous state. The hydrogen formed in this way can be separated in the gas separator.
- the gaseous hydrogen can be discharged via a gas outlet on the upper side of the gas separator, while the liquid catholyte with the recovered auxiliary can be removed from a liquid outlet arranged on the lower side of the gas separator, for example in order to be fed back to the cathode space.
- the gas separator preferably has an inlet for the catholyte. The inlet can be arranged at any point of the gas separator.
- the achievable hydrogen pressure can be higher when the temperature in the gas separator is low. It is therefore preferred that the gas separator has cooling.
- the cooling can use ambient air and/or cooling water for cooling, for example.
- the anode compartment and the cathode compartment are separated from one another by a membrane permeable to protons, protons also being formed at the anode by applying the electrical voltage between the anode and the cathode.
- protons can be formed from the H 2 O at the anode. These can pass through the membrane from the anode compartment into the cathode compartment and, for example, be conducted from there with the catholyte into the gas separator.
- the protons and the reduced auxiliary are introduced continuously into the gas separator and gaseous hydrogen is continuously removed from the gas separator.
- the gas separator preferably has a pressure regulator at the gas outlet, via which the hydrogen can be removed at a predetermined pressure.
- the predetermined pressure is preferably in the range between 300 and 600 bar.
- the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary and the protons can be pumped into the gas separator using a pump, for example. This makes it possible for the electrolysis to be operated at low pressure and for the hydrogen to be produced at high pressure. This avoids the problems of high-pressure electrolysis known from the prior art.
- the protons and the reduced auxiliary are introduced into the gas separator discontinuously and gaseous hydrogen is withdrawn discontinuously from the gas separator.
- Step a) can be carried out under the pressure that is present in the cathode compartment of the electrolytic cell. This pressure is preferably in the range from 0.5 to 5 bar.
- the gas separator is preferably completely closed, so that the pressure in the gas separator increases due to the gaseous hydrogen formed on the catalyst.
- a connection between the gas separator and the cathode chamber and the gas outlet and the liquid outlet of the gas separator are preferably closed, for example by a respective valve.
- the hydrogen on the one hand and the catholyte with the recovered auxiliary on the other hand can be removed simultaneously or in any order one after the other.
- Steps a) to c) are preferably carried out cyclically.
- the protons and the reduced auxiliary are introduced into the gas separator partly continuously and partly discontinuously and gaseous hydrogen is removed partly continuously and partly discontinuously from the gas separator.
- This embodiment is a mixture of the two previously described embodiments.
- This can be realized, for example, by the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary and the protons being introduced into the gas separator with alternating pressure and the hydrogen produced being removed from the gas separator with alternating pressure.
- the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary substance and the protons is partially continuously introduced into the gas separator to the extent that a basic flow is permanently present.
- the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary substance and the protons is fed into the gas separator discontinuously to the extent that the flow is temporarily greater than the basic flow, i.e. it can be interpreted as the sum of the basic flow and an additional flow.
- the introduction of the catholyte with the reduced auxiliary and the protons and the removal of the hydrogen formed are preferably synchronized with one another.
- the catholyte has a pH of less than 2, in particular less than 0.5.
- a low pH means that protons are present in the catholyte. These can contribute to the formation of hydrogen on the catalyst in the gas separator. It is particularly preferred that the catholyte has a pH of 0 or less.
- the specification of the pH value of the catholyte refers to how the catholyte is present before the start of the electrolysis.
- a method for electrolysis in which H 2 O is brought into contact with an anode of a first electrolytic cell and a first catholyte is brought into contact with a cathode of the first electrolytic cell, the first catholyte containing a first adjuvant , wherein an electrical voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode of the first electrolytic cell, so that oxygen is formed at the anode of the first electrolytic cell and the first auxiliary substance is reduced at the cathode of the first electrolytic cell, the first catholyte being reduced with the first auxiliary substance is brought into contact with an anode of a second electrolytic cell and a second catholyte is brought into contact with a cathode of the second electrolytic cell, the second catholyte containing a second adjuvant, an electrical voltage being applied between the anode and the cathode of the second electrolytic cell, so there ss the reduced first auxiliary substance is
- the method described here is based on the same principle as the method previously described.
- H 2 O is brought into contact with an anode (here the first electrolytic cell) and a catholyte (here the second catholyte) is brought into contact with a cathode (here the second electrolytic cell).
- the (second) catholyte contains an auxiliary (here the second auxiliary).
- Protons and the reduced (second) auxiliary are reacted with one another, so that the reduced (second) auxiliary is oxidized and hydrogen is formed from the protons.
- This reaction is preferably carried out using a catalyst. It is therefore preferred that protons and the reduced auxiliary are brought into contact with a catalyst so that the reduced auxiliary is oxidized and hydrogen is formed from the protons.
- the difference between the method described here and the method described above is that the hydrogen is produced not only using one auxiliary substance, but using two auxiliary substances.
- a further pair of cathode and anode is connected between the process of the method described above.
- a respective electric voltage is applied between the anode and the cathode of the first electrolytic cell and between the anode and the cathode of the second electrolytic cell. This can be done by connecting the anode of the first electrolytic cell and the cathode of the second electrolytic cell to a voltage source and by connecting the cathode of the first electrolytic cell and the anode of the second electrolytic cell to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
- the first excipient is preferably the second excipient in doubly oxidized form. This is described below for the case of vanadium as an example.
- V 5+ can be used as the first excipient and V 3+ as the second excipient.
- the following chemical reactions take place in the first electrolytic cell:
- the reaction according to Equation (8) takes place at the anode of the first electrolytic cell, as a result of which H 2 O is converted into oxygen and protons (identical to Equation (1) described above).
- the oxygen can be formed in a gaseous state.
- the reaction according to equation (9) takes place at the cathode of the first electrolytic cell from, whereby V 5+ is reduced as the first excipient to V 4+ .
- the overall reaction for the electrolysis in the first electrolysis cell is as follows:
- the reaction according to equation (11) takes place at the anode of the second electrolytic cell. This reaction oxidizes the reduced first excipient V 4+ , resulting in the recovery of the first excipient V 5+ .
- the recovered first excipient V 5+ can be brought back into contact with the cathode of the first electrolytic cell.
- the first catholyte can be flushed alternately along the cathode of the first electrolytic cell and along the anode of the second electrolytic cell in a circuit.
- the reaction according to equation (12) takes place at the cathode of the second electrolytic cell, as a result of which V 3+ as the second auxiliary is reduced to V 2+ (identical to equation (2) described above).
- the overall reaction for the electrolysis in the second electrolysis cell is: y4+ + y3+ ⁇ y5+ + y2+ (13)
- the method described here has the practical advantage that signs of aging on the electrolytic cells are particularly low. This is particularly the case when the first electrolytic cell has IrO 2 as the anodic catalyst (not to be confused with the catalyst used for hydrogen production).
- the iridium can dissolve over the operating time of the electrolytic cell and pass through the membrane of the electrolytic cell in the form of ions. This allows the iridium to deposit on the cathode. With increasing iridium deposition on the cathode, hydrogen evolution is favored over reduction of the excipient. The hydrogen would thus already be formed at the cathode, whereby the described advantages of the separation of electrolysis and hydrogen production could no longer be achieved. This type of aging of the electrolytic cell can be prevented with the method described here.
- the iridium is mainly deposited on the cathode of the first electrolytic cell. Because of the standard electrochemical potential of the first auxiliary, no hydrogen can be formed at the cathode of the first electrolytic cell.
- the first excipient is preferably selected accordingly. It is particularly preferred that the first auxiliary and the reduced first auxiliary form a redox couple with a standard electrochemical potential of more than 0 V. For example, the redox couple y 5+ /y 4+ has a standard electrochemical potential of 1 V.
- a device for electrolysis with one of the methods described comprises an electrolytic cell with an anode compartment and an anode arranged therein, a cathode compartment and a cathode arranged therein, and a gas separator which is connected to the cathode compartment.
- the described advantages and features of the two described methods can be applied and transferred to the device, and vice versa. Both methods described are preferably carried out using the device described. If the device is to be used for the last-described method, the device has two electrolytic cells, each of which has an anode compartment and an anode arranged therein and a cathode compartment and a cathode arranged therein. The gas separator is connected to the cathode compartment of the second electrolytic cell.
- 1 a first embodiment of a device according to the invention for electrolysis
- 2 a second embodiment of a device according to the invention for electrolysis
- Fig. 3 a third embodiment of a device according to the invention for
- the device 1 shows a first embodiment of a device 1 for electrolysis.
- the device 1 has an electrolytic cell 7 .
- the electrolytic cell 7 has an anode compartment 5 with an anode 2 arranged therein and a cathode compartment 6 with a cathode 3 arranged therein.
- the anode compartment 5 and the cathode compartment 6 are separated from one another by a membrane 9 .
- the anode 2 and the cathode 3 are each connected to a voltage source.
- the device 1 has a gas separator 8 for the anode 2 and the cathode 3 .
- a catalyst 4 made of platinum is arranged in the cathodic gas separator 8 .
- the device 1 can be used to produce oxygen and hydrogen.
- H 2 O is brought into contact with the anode 2 by introducing water into the anode space 5 .
- a catholyte is brought into contact with the cathode 3 by introducing the catholyte into the cathode compartment 6 .
- the catholyte contains V 3+ as an auxiliary.
- An electrical voltage is applied between the anode 2 and the cathode 3 via the voltage source. As a result, gaseous oxygen and protons are formed at the anode 2; the excipient is reduced to V 2+ at the cathode 3.
- the protons formed at the anode 2 can pass through the membrane 9 into the cathode space 6 .
- the catholyte has a pH of less than 2.
- protons and the reduced auxiliary V 2+ can thus be brought into contact with the catalyst 4.
- the reduced excipient V 2+ is oxidized to V 3+ ; hydrogen is formed from the protons.
- the catholyte with the protons and the reduced auxiliary substance V 2+ can be introduced continuously into the cathodic gas separator 8 .
- gaseous hydrogen can be continuously removed from the gas separator 8 .
- 2 shows a second embodiment of a device 1 for electrolysis. This device 1 is only described to the extent that it differs from the embodiment according to FIG.
- the device 1 according to FIG. 2 also has a buffer container 10 . It is thus possible to introduce the protons and the reduced auxiliary substance V 2+ into the gas separator 8 discontinuously and to remove the gaseous hydrogen from the gas separator 8 discontinuously
- the device 1 has a first electrolytic cell 11 and a second electrolytic cell 14 .
- the first electrolytic cell 11 and the second electrolytic cell 14 each have an anode compartment 5 with an anode 12, 15 arranged therein and a cathode compartment 6 with a cathode 13,16 arranged therein.
- the anode compartment 5 and the cathode compartment 6 are each separated from one another by a membrane 9 .
- the anode 12 of the first electrolytic cell 11 and the cathode 16 of the second electrolytic cell 14 are each connected to a voltage source.
- the cathode 13 of the first electrolytic cell 11 and the anode 15 of the second electrolytic cell 14 are electrically connected to one another.
- the device 1 has a gas separator 8 for the anode 12 of the first electrolytic cell 11 and the cathode 16 of the second electrolytic cell 14 .
- a catalyst 4 made of platinum is arranged in the cathodic gas separator 8 .
- a buffer container 10 could also be connected between the second electrolysis cell 14 and the cathodic gas separator 8.
- the device 1 according to FIG. 3 can also be used to produce oxygen and hydrogen.
- H 2 O is brought into contact with the anode 12 of the first electrolytic cell 11 by introducing water into the anode space 5 of the first electrolytic cell 11 .
- a first catholyte is brought into contact with the cathode 13 of the first electrolytic cell 11 by introducing the first catholyte into the cathode compartment 6 of the first electrolytic cell 11 .
- the first catholyte contains V 5+ as the first adjuvant.
- an electrical voltage between the anode 12 of the first electrolytic cell 11 and the cathode 16 of the second electrolytic cell 14 can be created.
- the first catholyte with the first reduced excipient is contacted with the anode 15 of the second electrolytic cell 14; a second catholyte is brought into contact with the cathode 16 of the second electrolytic cell 14 .
- the second catholyte contains V 3+ as a second adjuvant.
- the electrical voltage applied by the voltage source also results in an electrical voltage between the anode 15 and the cathode 16 of the second electrolytic cell 14 .
- the reduced first auxiliary is oxidized at the anode 15 of the second electrolytic cell 14 and the second auxiliary at the cathode 16 of the second electrolytic cell 14 is reduced.
- the rest of the procedure is the same as in the embodiments according to FIG. 1 or 2.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020133773.6A DE102020133773A1 (de) | 2020-12-16 | 2020-12-16 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Elektrolyse |
PCT/EP2021/085382 WO2022128855A1 (de) | 2020-12-16 | 2021-12-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur elektrolyse |
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EP4263905A1 true EP4263905A1 (de) | 2023-10-25 |
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ID=79230639
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP21836145.9A Withdrawn EP4263905A1 (de) | 2020-12-16 | 2021-12-13 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur elektrolyse |
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US (1) | US20230332301A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4263905A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2023553327A (de) |
DE (1) | DE102020133773A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2022128855A1 (de) |
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GB201416062D0 (en) * | 2014-09-11 | 2014-10-29 | Univ The Glasgow | Hydrogen generation |
US20180023199A1 (en) * | 2016-07-19 | 2018-01-25 | Utah State University | Electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution and biomass upgrading |
GB201801170D0 (en) | 2018-01-24 | 2018-03-07 | Univ Court Univ Of Glasgow | Use of polyoxometalate mediators |
DE102019104401A1 (de) | 2019-01-22 | 2020-07-23 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Elektrolyseur und Verfahren zum Aufspalten von Wasser |
US11203812B2 (en) * | 2019-02-22 | 2021-12-21 | New York University | Methods and electrochemical cells for redox mediated hydrogen production |
-
2020
- 2020-12-16 DE DE102020133773.6A patent/DE102020133773A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2021
- 2021-12-13 EP EP21836145.9A patent/EP4263905A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2021-12-13 JP JP2023531605A patent/JP2023553327A/ja active Pending
- 2021-12-13 WO PCT/EP2021/085382 patent/WO2022128855A1/de active Application Filing
- 2021-12-13 US US18/028,881 patent/US20230332301A1/en active Pending
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US20230332301A1 (en) | 2023-10-19 |
JP2023553327A (ja) | 2023-12-21 |
DE102020133773A1 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
WO2022128855A1 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
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