EP4248504A1 - Matériau actif de cathode, et batterie au lithium-ion comprenant ledit matériau actif de cathode - Google Patents
Matériau actif de cathode, et batterie au lithium-ion comprenant ledit matériau actif de cathodeInfo
- Publication number
- EP4248504A1 EP4248504A1 EP21806705.6A EP21806705A EP4248504A1 EP 4248504 A1 EP4248504 A1 EP 4248504A1 EP 21806705 A EP21806705 A EP 21806705A EP 4248504 A1 EP4248504 A1 EP 4248504A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- active material
- cathode active
- lithium
- particles
- ion battery
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000006182 cathode active material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 14
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 14
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 11
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 10
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000006183 anode active material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011883 electrode binding agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium;iron(2+);manganese(2+);phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Mn+2].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O DVATZODUVBMYHN-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one Chemical compound FC1COC(=O)O1 SBLRHMKNNHXPHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000676 Si alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001128 Sn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000002482 conductive additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium manganese(2+) nickel(2+) oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mn+2].[Ni+2].[Li+] FRMOHNDAXZZWQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trifluoro-n-(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)methanesulfonamide Chemical compound FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ZXMGHDIOOHOAAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxolane Chemical compound C1COCO1 WNXJIVFYUVYPPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyltetrahydrofuran Chemical compound CC1CCCO1 JWUJQDFVADABEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N C60 fullerene Chemical compound C12=C3C(C4=C56)=C7C8=C5C5=C9C%10=C6C6=C4C1=C1C4=C6C6=C%10C%10=C9C9=C%11C5=C8C5=C8C7=C3C3=C7C2=C1C1=C2C4=C6C4=C%10C6=C9C9=C%11C5=C5C8=C3C3=C7C1=C1C2=C4C6=C2C9=C5C3=C12 XMWRBQBLMFGWIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Imidazolium Chemical compound C1=C[NH+]=CN1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910000846 In alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010689 LiFePC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O Piperidinium(1+) Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]CC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004697 Polyetherimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O Pyrrolidinium ion Chemical compound C1CC[NH2+]C1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229920001872 Spider silk Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F DTQVDTLACAAQTR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] Chemical compound [Li].[Mn].[Co].[Ni] SOXUFMZTHZXOGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004760 aramid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCCC[N+]1(C)CCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F HSLXOARVFIWOQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;1-methyl-1-propylpiperidin-1-ium Chemical compound CCC[N+]1(C)CCCCC1.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F IEFUHGXOQSVRDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUFQNPMBKMKEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;diethyl-(2-methoxyethyl)-methylazanium Chemical compound CC[N+](C)(CC)CCOC.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F WUFQNPMBKMKEHN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLODSRKENWXTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)azanide;triethylsulfanium Chemical compound CC[S+](CC)CC.FC(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F BLODSRKENWXTLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008199 coating composition Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl methyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC JBTWLSYIZRCDFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003472 fullerene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O guanidinium Chemical compound NC(N)=[NH2+] ZRALSGWEFCBTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910021385 hard carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002102 lithium manganese oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001496 lithium tetrafluoroborate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxido-oxo-(oxomanganiooxy)manganese Chemical compound [Li+].[O-][Mn](=O)O[Mn]=O VLXXBCXTUVRROQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;oxonickel Chemical compound [Li].[Ni]=O URIIGZKXFBNRAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-O morpholinium Chemical compound [H+].C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 229910021382 natural graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium pentoxide Inorganic materials O=[Nb](=O)O[Nb](=O)=O ZKATWMILCYLAPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium(5+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Nb+5].[Nb+5] URLJKFSTXLNXLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920001643 poly(ether ketone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000131 polyvinylidene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O pyridinium Chemical compound C1=CC=[NH+]C=C1 JUJWROOIHBZHMG-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002153 silicon-carbon composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021384 soft carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007784 solid electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical compound NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000005500 uronium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/64—Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to a cathode active material for a lithium ion battery and a lithium ion battery with such a cathode active material.
- lithium ion battery is used synonymously for all terms commonly used in the prior art for lithium-containing galvanic elements and cells, such as lithium battery cell, lithium battery, lithium cell, lithium ion cell, lithium Polymer cell, lithium polymer battery and lithium ion accumulator.
- rechargeable batteries secondary batteries
- the lithium-ion battery can also be a solid-state battery, for example a ceramic or polymer-based solid-state battery.
- a lithium ion battery has at least two distinct electrodes, a positive electrode (cathode) and a negative electrode (anode). Each of these electrodes includes at least one active material, optionally together with additives such as electrode binders and electrical conductivity additives.
- cathode active material In lithium-ion batteries, both the cathode active material and the anode active material must be able to reversibly absorb or release lithium ions.
- Suitable cathode active materials are known, for example, from EP 0 017 400 B1 and DE 3319939 A1.
- lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt layered oxide (NMC for short) is often used as the cathode active material, since NMC is characterized in particular by its high energy density.
- the nickel content can be increased to increase the energy density of NMC, for example compositions such as Li(Nio,6Mno,2Coo,2)C>2 (short: NMC622) or Li(Nio,8Mno,iCoo,i)02 (short NMC811) can be used.
- the high energy density of these materials is also associated with high costs, increased reactivity and high safety requirements for the design of the battery cell.
- a problem to be solved according to one aspect of the invention is to provide an improved cathode active material for a lithium ion battery characterized in particular by the highest possible energy density with reduced costs and/or improved safety at the same time. Furthermore, a lithium-ion battery with such a cathode active material is to be specified.
- the cathode active material comprises a multiplicity of first particles which have or consist of a cobalt-free layered lithium oxide.
- the cobalt-free layered lithium oxide is preferably a lithium nickel manganese oxide.
- the cathode active material comprises a multiplicity of second particles which have or consist of a phospho-olivine.
- the phospho-olivine is in particular lithium iron phosphate (LFP) or lithium iron manganese phosphate (LFMP).
- LFP lithium iron phosphate
- LFMP lithium iron manganese phosphate
- the cathode active material proposed here which has both the first particles and the second particles, is characterized by lower costs and increased intrinsic safety compared to pure NMC.
- the admixture of the second particles from the phosho-olivine makes it possible to dispense with the element cobalt in the layered oxide without significantly impairing the stability of the cathode active material.
- the cathode active material thus enables the cathode to be manufactured in a comparatively environmentally friendly and sustainable manner.
- the energy density of the mixed cathode active material is increased compared to a pure phospho-olivine.
- the first particles have Li y (Nii.xMn x )O 2 with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, in particular with 0.1 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.9 and 0.9 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.3.
- the cobalt-free lithium layer oxide is a lithium nickel oxide, a lithium nickel manganese oxide or a lithium manganese oxide.
- the layered oxide is a lithium-rich layered oxide (OLO, over lithiated layered oxide).
- the manganese content is x>0.5.
- the layered lithium oxide is a manganese-rich lithium layered oxide.
- the layered lithium oxide contains more manganese than nickel. Due to the high proportion of manganese, the layered oxide can be produced particularly cost-effectively.
- the second particles have LiFePC or LiFei. y Mn y PO4 and 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1, ie the phospho-olivine is lithium iron phosphate or a lithium iron manganese phosphate.
- the second particles particularly preferably have LiFei. y Mn y PO4 with 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9.
- Such a manganese-rich lithium-iron-manganese phosphate is characterized by a high energy density compared to lithium-iron phosphate.
- the proportion of the first particles in the total of the first and second particles is between 10% by weight and 90% by weight inclusive, preferably between 20% by weight and 80% by weight inclusive.
- the proportion of the first particles in the total of the first and second particles is at least 70% by weight, in particular between 70% by weight and 90% by weight inclusive, particularly preferably at least 80% by weight, in particular between 80% by weight and 90% by weight inclusive.
- the proportion of the first particles can be 85% by weight and the proportion of the second particles can be 15% by weight.
- the proportion of the first particles in the total of the first and second particles is no more than 50% by weight, in particular between 10% by weight and 50% by weight inclusive, particularly preferably no more than 40% by weight %, in particular between 10% by weight and 40% by weight inclusive.
- the proportion of the first particles can be 30% by weight and the proportion of the second particles can be 70% by weight.
- the energy density is higher than that of a lithium-ion battery that has a pure phospho-olivine such as LFP as the cathode active material.
- the improved thermal stability of the cathode active material in this configuration makes it possible in particular to produce the lithium ion battery in a so-called “cell-to-pack” approach, i.e. a lithium ion battery cell can be produced with the cathode active material proposed here, which can be placed directly in a battery pack is inserted.
- the lithium-ion battery cells are not first installed in modules that together form a lithium-ion battery, but are directly assembled to form a battery pack.
- the cathode active material can be formed into a cathode (positive electrode) comprising, for example, the cathode active material, an electrode binder and an electrically conductive additive such as e.g. B. includes conductive carbon black processed.
- a cathode positive electrode
- an electrically conductive additive such as e.g. B. includes conductive carbon black processed.
- a lithium-ion battery which has a cathode with the cathode active material described above.
- the cathode can be produced, for example, from a coating composition which contains the cathode active material with the first particles and the second particles, an electrode binder and an electrically conductive additive such as e.g. B. includes conductive carbon black.
- the lithium-ion battery can, for example, only include a single battery cell or alternatively include one or more modules with multiple battery cells, it being possible for the battery cells to be connected in series and/or in parallel.
- the lithium ion battery includes at least one cathode having the cathode active material and an anode having at least one anode active material.
- the lithium-ion battery can have the other components of a lithium-ion battery known per se, in particular current collectors, a separator and an electrolyte.
- the lithium-ion battery according to the invention can be provided in particular in a motor vehicle or in a portable device.
- the portable device can in particular be a smartphone, an electric tool or power tool, a tablet or a wearable.
- the lithium-ion battery can also be used in a stationary energy store.
- FIG. 1 shows the structure of a lithium-ion battery according to an embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows the cathode active material applied to a current collector in the exemplary embodiment.
- the lithium-ion battery 10 shown purely schematically in FIG. 1 has a cathode 2 and an anode 5 .
- the cathode 2 and the anode 5 each have a current collector 1, 6, it being possible for the current collectors to be in the form of metal foils.
- the current collector 1 of the cathode 2 has, for example, aluminum and the current collector 6 of the anode 5 has copper.
- the cathode 2 and the anode 5 are separated from one another by a separator 4 which is permeable to lithium ions but impermeable to electrons.
- Polymers can be used as separators, in particular a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyesters, in particular polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefins, in particular polyethylene and/or polypropylene, polyacrylonitriles, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinylidene hexafluoropropylene, polyetherimide, polyimide, aramid, polyether, polyetherketone, synthetic spider silk or mixtures thereof.
- the separator can optionally also be coated with ceramic material and a binder, for example based on Al2O3.
- the lithium ion battery has an electrolyte 3 which is conductive for lithium ions and which can be a solid electrolyte or a liquid which includes a solvent and at least one lithium conducting salt, for example lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), dissolved therein.
- the solvent is preferably inert.
- suitable solvents are organic solvents such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), sulpholane, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile and 1,3-dioxolane.
- Ionic liquids can also be used as solvents.
- Such ionic liquids contain only ions.
- Preferred cations which can be alkylated in particular, are imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, guanidinium, uronium, Thiuronium, piperidinium, morpholinium, sulfonium, ammonium and phosphonium cations.
- Examples of anions that can be used are halide, tetrafluoroborate, trifluoroacetate, triflate, hexafluorophosphate, phosphinate and tosylate anions.
- ionic liquids which may be mentioned are: N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-methyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, N-butyl-N-trimethyl -ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, triethylsulfonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and N,N-diethyl-N-methyl-N-(2-methoxyethyl)ammonium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.
- Preferred conductive salts are lithium salts which have inert anions and which are preferably non-toxic. Suitable lithium salts are, in particular, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), lithium tetrafluoroborate (UBF4) and mixtures of these salts.
- the separator 4 can be impregnated or wetted with the lithium salt electrolyte if it is liquid.
- the anode 5 has an anode active material.
- the anode active material may be selected from the group consisting of carbonaceous materials, silicon, silicon suboxide, silicon alloys, aluminum alloys, indium, indium alloys, tin, tin alloys, cobalt alloys, and mixtures thereof.
- the anode active material is preferably selected from the group consisting of synthetic graphite, natural graphite, graphene, mesocarbon, doped carbon, hard carbon, soft carbon, fullerene, silicon-carbon composite, silicon, surface-coated silicon, silicon suboxide, silicon alloys, lithium, aluminum alloys, indium , tin alloys, cobalt alloys and mixtures thereof.
- anode active materials known from the prior art are also suitable, for example niobium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, titanates such as lithium titanate (Li4TisOi2), tin dioxide, lithium, lithium alloys and/or mixtures thereof.
- niobium pentoxide titanium dioxide
- titanates such as lithium titanate (Li4TisOi2)
- tin dioxide lithium, lithium alloys and/or mixtures thereof.
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of the cathode 2 on the current collector 1, which can in particular be an aluminum foil.
- the cathode 2 has a cathode active material.
- the cathode active material has a multiplicity of first particles 11 and second particles 12 .
- the particles 11, 12 can be bound into an electrode binder 13, possibly with an additive that increases the conductivity, such as a conductive carbon black.
- the first particles 11 have a cobalt-free layered oxide, in particular Li(Nii-xMn x )O2 with 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.
- x>0.5 preferably applies, particularly preferably x>0.6.
- the second particles 12 have a phospho-olivine, in particular LiFel. y Mn y PO4 with 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.
- a particularly good ratio of costs and energy density is achieved when the first particles 11 are a manganese-rich layer oxide, in particular Li( Ni.xMnx )O2 with x >0.5, preferably x>0.6, and the second particles 12 a manganese-rich lithium-iron-manganese phosphate, in particular LiFei. y Mn y PO4 with 0.5 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.9.
- the proportion of the first particles 11 in the totality of the particles 11 , 12 can be between 10% and 90% inclusive, in particular between 20% and 80% inclusive. In an embodiment in which the highest possible energy density is to be achieved at still moderate costs, the proportion of the first particles 11 is between 70% and 90% inclusive, for example approximately 85%. In this case, the proportion of the second particles 12 is between 10% and 30% inclusive, for example approximately 15%.
- the proportion of the first particles 11 is between 10% and 50% inclusive, for example approximately 30%.
- the proportion of the second particles 12 is between 50% and 90% inclusive, for example approximately 70%.
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Abstract
L'invention concerne un matériau actif de cathode pour une batterie au lithium-ion (10), comprenant une multitude de premières particules (11) qui contiennent un oxyde stratifié de lithium exempt de cobalt, et une multitude de secondes particules (12) qui contiennent une phospho-olivine. L'invention concerne également une batterie au lithium-ion (10) comprenant une cathode (2) contenant ladite matière active de cathode.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102020130687.3A DE102020130687A1 (de) | 2020-11-20 | 2020-11-20 | Kathodenaktivmaterial und Lithiumionen-Batterie mit dem Kathodenaktivmaterial |
PCT/EP2021/080771 WO2022106221A1 (fr) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-11-05 | Matériau actif de cathode, et batterie au lithium-ion comprenant ledit matériau actif de cathode |
Publications (1)
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EP4248504A1 true EP4248504A1 (fr) | 2023-09-27 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP21806705.6A Pending EP4248504A1 (fr) | 2020-11-20 | 2021-11-05 | Matériau actif de cathode, et batterie au lithium-ion comprenant ledit matériau actif de cathode |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20230402583A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP4248504A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2023551438A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20230073277A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN116420250A (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102020130687A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2022106221A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0017400B1 (fr) | 1979-04-05 | 1984-05-30 | United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority | Pile et procédé de fabrication de conducteurs ioniques utilisés dans cette pile |
US4507371A (en) | 1982-06-02 | 1985-03-26 | South African Inventions Development Corporation | Solid state cell wherein an anode, solid electrolyte and cathode each comprise a cubic-close-packed framework structure |
JP3982165B2 (ja) * | 2000-10-05 | 2007-09-26 | ソニー株式会社 | 固体電解質電池 |
JP3632686B2 (ja) | 2002-08-27 | 2005-03-23 | ソニー株式会社 | 正極活物質及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP4959145B2 (ja) | 2005-03-30 | 2012-06-20 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用正極及び非水電解質二次電池 |
JP2013062082A (ja) * | 2011-09-12 | 2013-04-04 | Nec Corp | 二次電池 |
WO2014004789A2 (fr) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-03 | Precursor Energetics, Inc. | Précurseurs moléculaires pour la synthèse de matériaux de cathode contenant du lithium- fer |
JP5983679B2 (ja) | 2014-05-30 | 2016-09-06 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 |
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2020
- 2020-11-20 DE DE102020130687.3A patent/DE102020130687A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-11-05 US US18/033,469 patent/US20230402583A1/en active Pending
- 2021-11-05 JP JP2023530547A patent/JP2023551438A/ja active Pending
- 2021-11-05 KR KR1020237013390A patent/KR20230073277A/ko unknown
- 2021-11-05 EP EP21806705.6A patent/EP4248504A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-11-05 CN CN202180070094.8A patent/CN116420250A/zh active Pending
- 2021-11-05 WO PCT/EP2021/080771 patent/WO2022106221A1/fr active Application Filing
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2022106221A1 (fr) | 2022-05-27 |
CN116420250A (zh) | 2023-07-11 |
US20230402583A1 (en) | 2023-12-14 |
KR20230073277A (ko) | 2023-05-25 |
JP2023551438A (ja) | 2023-12-08 |
DE102020130687A1 (de) | 2022-05-25 |
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