EP4245940B1 - Deckenaufbau und verfahren zur herstellung eines deckenaufbaus - Google Patents

Deckenaufbau und verfahren zur herstellung eines deckenaufbaus

Info

Publication number
EP4245940B1
EP4245940B1 EP23161936.2A EP23161936A EP4245940B1 EP 4245940 B1 EP4245940 B1 EP 4245940B1 EP 23161936 A EP23161936 A EP 23161936A EP 4245940 B1 EP4245940 B1 EP 4245940B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solid wood
layers
layer
pair
ceiling structure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP23161936.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4245940C0 (de
EP4245940A1 (de
Inventor
Andreas Reßle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HRW Vollholzwandsystem Obb GmbH
Original Assignee
HRW Vollholzwandsystem Obb GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HRW Vollholzwandsystem Obb GmbH filed Critical HRW Vollholzwandsystem Obb GmbH
Priority to SI202330055T priority Critical patent/SI4245940T1/sl
Priority to HRP20251559TT priority patent/HRP20251559T1/hr
Publication of EP4245940A1 publication Critical patent/EP4245940A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4245940C0 publication Critical patent/EP4245940C0/de
Publication of EP4245940B1 publication Critical patent/EP4245940B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/12—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with wooden beams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/12—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of wood, e.g. with reinforcements, with tensioning members
    • E04C3/122—Laminated

Definitions

  • Known ceiling structures for forming a ceiling in particular a room ceiling or room floor of a building can, for example, be provided in particular on the basis of concrete or wood, whereby the use of concrete is preferred with increasing building height in order to ensure that a predetermined load is carried.
  • Ceiling structures that include wood or whose essentially load-bearing elements are made of wood are generally rather rare.
  • ceiling structures are generally used which, if they contain wood at all, also include concrete or steel as classic load-bearing structures.
  • DE 20 2006 013553 U1 describes a building board for use as a prefabricated building element in the construction of houses, wherein the building board is designed in the manner of a cross-laminated timber element, wherein the cross-laminated timber element has at least three interconnected layers of single-layer boards, and wherein the single-layer boards are made of solid wood boards.
  • US 2017/145639 A1 describes a crane mat comprising a plurality of wooden panels arranged in alternating transverse directions to each other, the upper and lower panels being parallel to the direction of vehicle traffic are aligned.
  • the top and bottom plates may include a plurality of spaced-apart grooves extending longitudinally from a first longitudinal end of the crane mat to a second longitudinal end of the crane mat to improve the traction of a vehicle when traversing the crane mat by transporting rain or moisture from the mat or for picking up mud or other debris.
  • the crane mat may include a plurality of edge protectors positioned on respective sides of the crane mat to protect the crane mat from handling damage.
  • the crane mat may be constructed from either softwood, hardwood, or any combination of softwood and hardwood.
  • AT 13 709 U1 describes a wooden tile with a base body made of upright arranged, glued-together wooden strips extending over the length of the wooden tile and groove-shaped connecting profiles extending in the height direction of the wooden tile or the base body on at least its opposite circumferential sides, wherein the base body is formed from a closed ring of glued-together wooden strips and that in the interior of the base body at least two air chambers are formed which extend over the height of the base body and are separated from one another by a wooden plate.
  • the present ceiling structure which is suitable, for example, for forming a ceiling, in particular a room ceiling and/or a room floor and/or a section of a roof truss of a building, advantageously provides an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure.
  • the present ceiling structure is advantageously structurally reinforced, in particular, by the substantially aligned wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the top layers of the pair of top layers. Due to its construction, the present ceiling structure is advantageously suited to absorbing or supporting vertical loads acting on a building.
  • the ceiling structure for a ceiling as a room ceiling or room floor can in particular have a substantially horizontal extension, and In particular, they can extend in a range of approximately 2 meters to approximately 11 meters in a width direction and a length direction of the ceiling structure. Furthermore, the ceiling structure can also be suitable for sloping ceilings that are inclined relative to a horizontal orientation and, in particular, extend essentially flat. In exemplary embodiments, the ceiling structure can extend in a range of approximately 2 meters to approximately 9 meters, in a width direction and a length direction of the ceiling structure.
  • the ceiling structure for a ceiling as a roof truss section can, for example, be arranged substantially horizontally or diagonally, in particular along the rafters.
  • the ceiling structure can, in particular, form a pressure element of a collar beam roof to relieve the load on the rafters, and alternatively or additionally, for example, can be arranged on the rafters or at least in sections between two rafters.
  • the ceiling structure can, in particular, form a collar beam or a hip beam of a roof.
  • the ceiling structure is connected in a form-fitting manner, in particular to one or more rafters.
  • at least one of the ceiling structure and the one or more rafters can have a recess for a form-fitting connection with the other.
  • the ceiling structure for a ceiling as a roof truss section can have an extension corresponding to the roof truss or the roof and can extend in the longitudinal and width directions, for example, in the range from approximately 50 cm to several meters, although different extensions are also possible depending on the design of the roof.
  • Wood exhibits greater stiffness and strength in the direction of the grain than across the grain.
  • the cover layers together with the middle layer mutually benefit each other in terms of stiffness and/or strength, so that in the design, in particular the static design of a ceiling, such as a room ceiling, a room floor or a roof truss section of a building which is particularly configured to comprise wood, the respective essentially identical stiffnesses and/or strengths in the wood fiber direction and transverse to the wood fiber direction can be taken into account, i.e. in particular the respectively increased stiffnesses in the wood fiber direction of the cover layers and the middle layer can be taken into account together.
  • the ceiling structure of the present aspect particularly due to the substantially corresponding wood fiber directions of the top layers and the middle layer, allows different woods or wood species to be structurally considered and installed together to form a ceiling structure.
  • the present ceiling structure can advantageously accommodate a changing forest structure over time, which may temporarily have a larger proportion of softwoods or a larger proportion of hardwoods. Depending on the situation, the use of a larger quantity of softwood or hardwood may be ecologically and/or economically necessary.
  • the existing ceiling structure can be configured to suit the specific building by configuring both the thickness of the ceiling structure and the stiffness and/or strength to suit the specific building by using specific woods or wood species in a thickness that can be selected for the respective layers.
  • the core layer may, in particular, comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements.
  • the solid wood elements of the core layer may have a substantial wood grain direction, which, in particular, forms the wood grain direction of the core layer.
  • a top layer of the pair of top layers can each comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements.
  • the solid wood elements of the top layer(s) can have a substantial wood grain direction, which in particular forms the wood grain direction of the top layer(s).
  • the intermediate layers are configured to connect the respective cover layers to the middle layer in a material-to-material manner. Additionally or alternatively, the intermediate layers can be configured to connect the middle layer and/or the respective cover layers in a form-fitting manner.
  • An intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can in particular comprise or consist of a plurality of solid wood elements, or alternatively comprise or consist of another material. If the intermediate layer comprises solid wood elements, the solid wood elements of the intermediate layer can have a substantial wood fiber direction, which in particular forms a wood fiber direction of the intermediate layer or intermediate layers.
  • An intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can connect the middle layer to a respective cover layer in a materially bonded manner, in particular such that the intermediate layer is materially bonded to the middle layer on a side facing the middle layer, and is materially bonded to the cover layer on a side facing away from the middle layer, i.e., a side facing the respective cover layer.
  • the ceiling structure has several intermediate layers arranged between the middle layer and one of the cover layers, in particular the intermediate layer facing the middle layer can be materially bonded to the middle layer, and an intermediate layer facing the cover layer can be materially bonded to the cover layer.
  • the middle layer and the cover layers can be connected to each other in a force-fitting manner, in particular using intermediate layers, such as by screws, rivets, pins or the like, whereby one or more intermediate layers can be arranged between one of the cover layers and the middle layer.
  • the middle layer and the cover layers can be connected by means of any combination of frictional connection, positive connection and material connection, in particular by means of at least one intermediate layer.
  • the structural improvement of the ceiling structure advantageously enables the ceiling structure to be configured with a comparatively small thickness or wall thickness in the vertical direction of the ceiling structure. This is particularly advantageous because the core layer and the top layers, which have essentially parallel wood fiber directions, can be considered as complementary structurally.
  • only the core layer, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers are structurally effective in the ceiling structure.
  • preferably only the core layer, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers contribute to providing a statically relevant load-bearing capacity through the ceiling structure.
  • the ceiling structure does not have any additional structural elements in addition to the middle layer, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers.
  • the present ceiling structure may not have any cavities provided with structural elements, and may not have any other fills, which are introduced in particular into cavities of one of the middle layers, the cover layers, and the intermediate layers.
  • the ceiling structure may not have any Metal supports, especially steel supports.
  • the core layer can in particular comprise or consist of softwood, in particular comprise or consist of solid softwood.
  • the core layer can, for example, comprise or consist of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir, in particular comprise or consist of solid wood made of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir.
  • the core layer, in particular the solid wood of the core layer can in particular comprise or consist of spruce. Solid wood made of or with spruce is advantageously easier to process in ceiling construction due to its comparatively low resin content compared to larch, pine and fir.
  • the middle layer in particular the solid wood of the middle layer, may alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular beech, oak, birch and/or ash.
  • one or each cover layer of the pair of cover layers can, in particular, comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular comprise or consist of solid hardwood.
  • the cover layer(s) can, for example, comprise or consist of beech, oak, birch, and/or ash, in particular comprise or consist of solid beech, oak, and/or ash.
  • the cover layer(s) or the solid wood of the cover layer(s) can, in particular, comprise or consist of beech.
  • the cover layer(s), in particular the solid wood of the cover layer(s), may alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of softwood.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers may each comprise, in particular, softwood or be made from consist, in particular comprise or consist of solid wood made of softwood.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise or consist of, for example, spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir, in particular comprise or consist of solid wood made of spruce, pine, larch, Douglas fir and/or fir.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, in particular the solid wood of one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise or consist of, in particular, spruce and/or pine.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers in particular the solid wood of one intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers, can alternatively or additionally comprise or consist of hardwood, in particular beech, oak, birch, and/or ash. Further alternatively or additionally, an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a material other than wood, for example, a metal.
  • the middle layer can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood
  • the intermediate layers can comprise or consist of a softwood or hardwood
  • the cover layers can comprise or consist of a hardwood
  • the middle layer may in particular comprise or consist of a hardwood
  • the intermediate layers may comprise or consist of a softwood or hardwood
  • the cover layers may comprise or consist of a softwood.
  • the essentially parallel alignment of the wood fibre directions of the middle layer and the cover layers advantageously enables the middle layer and the cover layers to complement each other structurally, i.e. in terms of stiffness and/or strength, whereby a predetermined stiffness and/or strength of the Ceiling structure can be provided while at the same time maintaining a thin construction of the ceiling structure.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers comprises glue.
  • An intermediate layer can comprise glue, in particular, on a side or surface facing the middle layer and/or on a side or surface facing a respective cover layer.
  • the middle layer can advantageously be connected, in particular materially connected, to at least one pair of intermediate layers by means of the intermediate layers containing glue, and then to a pair of cover layers to form the ceiling structure, wherein the middle layer and the cover layers can be aligned to one another in a freely selectable manner in order to advantageously interact structurally.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can comprise wood, in particular solid wood, wherein a wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can differ from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the cover layer.
  • the wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can differ from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the cover layer in a range of approximately 20° to approximately 90°, preferably in a range of approximately 40° to approximately 90°, more preferably in a range of approximately 60° to approximately 90°, and particularly preferably by approximately 90°.
  • the wood fiber direction of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can particularly preferably be approximately perpendicular to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the cover layers.
  • the difference in the wood fiber direction of an intermediate layer refers in particular to a direction which is rotated in a plane parallel to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the top layer(s) compared to the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the top layer(s).
  • An orientation of an intermediate layer that differs from the wood fiber direction of the middle layer and/or the cover layers advantageously enables a coherent connection of the middle layer with the at least one pair of intermediate layers and with the pair of cover layers to form the ceiling structure, in preferred embodiments in particular a form-fitting connection combined with a material-fit connection to form the ceiling structure.
  • the different orientation of an intermediate layer compared to the middle layer and/or the top layer advantageously enables the force not only to be transferred between the middle layer and the top layers, but in particular to be advantageously distributed between the middle layer and the top layers.
  • Solid wood refers to wood that is unlayered. Solid wood, therefore, does not include layered or compressed wood, such as compressed wood, chipboard, veneer, or similar. Solid wood, as used here, refers to solid wood. In other words, the term solid wood refers specifically to wood whose cross-section has been carved from a single tree trunk. Solid wood or a solid wood element, as used here, can be, in particular, a squared timber, a beam, a board, etc.
  • Thickness or height direction essentially represents a direction in which the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers are layered to one another.
  • the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure represents a direction which is essentially perpendicular to the ceiling structure, and in particular essentially perpendicular to the middle layer, the intermediate layers and/or the cover layers.
  • the thickness direction or height direction represents a direction in which, for the construction industry, a wall thickness or Thickness of the ceiling structure is measured, which corresponds in particular to the direction in which different floors of a typical building are arranged relative to each other.
  • the pair of cover layers which are arranged in a sandwich-like manner around the middle layer, can be arranged, in other words, encompassing the middle layer, particularly in the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure.
  • an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be arranged, in particular in the thickness direction or height direction of the ceiling structure, between the middle layer and a cover layer of the pair of cover layers.
  • the thickness direction of the ceiling structure does not necessarily correspond to the direction in which the thickness of a solid wood element is measured. However, depending on the arrangement of a solid wood element in a particular layer, the thickness of a solid wood element can also be measured essentially in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure. In other words, the thickness direction, as used here, refers in particular to the ceiling structure.
  • the longitudinal direction essentially represents a direction that can correspond, in particular, to the grain direction or the wood fiber direction of a solid wood element. Contrary to the thickness direction, the longitudinal direction therefore does not refer to the ceiling structure, but rather to the respective solid wood element itself.
  • the longitudinal direction represents, in particular, the direction of the greatest extent of the solid wood element.
  • the width direction essentially represents a direction that is essentially perpendicular to the grain direction or wood fiber direction of a solid wood element, and thus in particular a direction that is essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the solid wood element.
  • the width direction is therefore particularly related to the solid wood element itself. Assuming a typical elongated solid wood element, which has a length greater than a width and a width greater than the thickness of the solid wood element, the width direction represents the direction of the second largest extension of the solid wood element.
  • the longitudinal direction and the width direction together with the thickness direction of a solid wood element can in particular form a right-hand system.
  • Fire protection class represents, in particular, a fire resistance class measured according to DIN 4102-2, in particular with the building material class classification according to DIN 4102-1, whereby the numerical value reflects, in particular, the value according to REI.
  • An example fire protection class F 30 B represents the fire resistance class F 30 for a fundamentally combustible building material B that retains its thermal insulation function for 30 minutes in the event of a fire.
  • a ceiling structure with fire protection class F 30 B represents, in particular, a fundamentally combustible building material due to its material properties, which retains its thermal insulation function for at least 30 minutes in a defined fire situation. If a minimum fire protection class is mentioned below, this means the stated fire protection class or fire resistance class, whereby at least the specified numerical value in minutes, or higher, is achieved.
  • glue is generally understood to mean an adhesive which is particularly suitable for bonding two adjacent layers together.
  • the glue can be configured to bond adjacent layers together in such a way that they are connected in a non-destructively detachable manner.
  • the glue can be configured to enable non-destructive detachment of bonded, adjacent layers.
  • the glue can be a water-soluble glue, in alternative
  • the glue may also be at least non-water-soluble.
  • the glue may be a polyurethane-based glue, a melamine resin-based glue, or a similar glue.
  • the setting time or setting duration describes the dwell time of the glue, in particular of a resin and hardener system, on a solid wood element, wherein the solid wood element comprises a predetermined wood, and wherein, upon expiration of the setting time or setting duration, the glue reaches a preferred predetermined tackiness. Due to the respective different combinations of wood of a solid wood element plus, if applicable, resin and hardener, as well as other environmental conditions, such as temperature and/or humidity, a predetermined glue, at least with respect to a predetermined solid wood element, has a different setting time or setting duration, essentially related to the respective wood.
  • the ceiling structure may comprise a first cover layer and a second cover layer, which cover the pair of cover layers form, have a first intermediate layer which is arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer, and have a second intermediate layer which is arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer.
  • the first intermediate layer and the second intermediate layer can in particular form at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • a wood fiber direction of the middle layer can preferably substantially correspond to a wood fiber direction of the first and second cover layers of the pair of cover layers, so that the middle layer and the first and second cover layers of the pair of cover layers interact in a structurally similar direction.
  • a plurality of first intermediate layers may be arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer and/or a plurality of second intermediate layers may be arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer.
  • first and second intermediate layer and as first and second cover layer is only exemplary, so that it is also possible that the first intermediate layer is arranged between the middle layer and the second cover layer, and the second intermediate layer is arranged between the middle layer and the first cover layer.
  • the configuration of at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers with greater rigidity enables the middle layer and thus the ceiling structure to be advantageously reinforced or stiffened by means of the cover layers.
  • the advantageous reinforcement or stiffening of the middle layer and thus of the ceiling structure further enables the ceiling structure to be used as a ceiling, in particular as a room ceiling, as the floor of a room and/or as a roof truss section of a multi-story building, which can in particular be considered to be subject to bending loads, wherein an increase in the thickness or wall thickness of the ceiling structure is prevented with increasing building height in order to ensure a certain rigidity and/or strength.
  • the at least one cover layer which is stiffer than the middle layer, enables the ceiling structure to be configured in a particularly economical manner with sufficient stiffness and/or strength, wherein compared to a single layer, for example corresponding to the middle layer made of solid wood, a smaller construction volume is required in order to provide the ceiling structure with a predetermined stiffness and/or strength.
  • the present ceiling structure is particularly suitable for forming a ceiling, in particular a room ceiling, a floor of a room and/or a section of a roof truss of a multi-story building, in particular a wooden house or wooden building.
  • both cover layers of the pair of cover layers may have a greater stiffness than the middle layer.
  • one cover layer or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can have greater rigidity than the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • one cover layer or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers can comprise a solid wood with greater rigidity than a wood or solid wood that the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers have.
  • the middle layer may be thicker than at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers.
  • the formation of the middle layer thicker than at least one cover layer of the pair of cover layers makes it possible to advantageously stiffen and/or strengthen the ceiling structure by means of the at least one possibly particularly stiff and/or strong cover layer, so that in the case of a ceiling structure that is essentially subjected to bending loads, an overall height of the ceiling structure can be advantageously reduced, which in turn ensures and/or will ensure economical production of a sufficiently stiff and/or strong ceiling structure with an overall low thickness.
  • the middle layer may be thicker than one or more, in particular all, of the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • one or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers may each be thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • the middle layer and/or the at least one cover layer which is thicker than an intermediate layer, additionally promotes the aligned structural interaction of the middle layer with the cover layers, which each have essentially the same wood fiber direction, while the at least one intermediate layer ensures the connection as well as force transmission and force distribution between the middle layer and the cover layers.
  • the middle layer can be approximately 2.0 to approximately 50 times thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • a ratio of approximately 50 increases the structural influence of the middle layer on the ceiling structure.
  • a ratio of approximately 2.0 allows the middle layer to provide a comparatively large structural influence on the ceiling structure, while the intermediate layer ensures a favorable force distribution between the middle layer and the top layer.
  • the middle layer can be, in particular, approximately 1.5 to approximately 20 times thicker than a cover layer of the pair of cover layers.
  • the preferred thickness ratio between the cover layer and the middle layer can, in particular, be oriented towards a predetermined stiffness and/or strength to be provided by the cover structure, and can also take economic and/or ecological aspects into account.
  • a large thickness ratio of the middle layer to the cover layer i.e., up to approximately 20, enables the cover layer, on the one hand, to have a comparatively low volume, and thus contributes to the ceiling structure at a low cost, and only a small amount of solid wood needs to be felled for it, and that the top layer, on the other hand, has a major influence on the stiffness and/or strength of the ceiling structure due to the large distance of the top layer from a central axis around which the ceiling structure bends as a ceiling or floor.
  • a low thickness ratio of the middle layer to the top layer i.e., down to around 1.5, means that the top layer has a comparatively large volume and therefore contributes to the ceiling structure at a high cost, a correspondingly high proportion of solid wood needs to be felled for it, and that the top layer is configured from the outset to have a major influence on the stiffness and/or strength of the ceiling structure.
  • a cover layer can be approximately 1.2 to approximately 25 times thicker than an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • a ratio of approximately 25 increases the structural influence of the cover layer on the ceiling structure.
  • a ratio of approximately 1.2 allows the cover layer to provide a comparatively large structural influence on the ceiling structure, while the intermediate layer ensures a favorable force distribution between the middle layer and the cover layer.
  • the cover layers of the pair of cover layers are approximately the same thickness.
  • the intermediate layers of a pair of intermediate layers of the at least one pair, wherein the one pair of intermediate layers can be determined in particular by a predetermined distance from the central layer can be approximately the same thickness.
  • the ceiling structure can be constructed approximately symmetrically in the thickness direction or in the height direction, in particular symmetrically with respect to a layering of the layers and/or symmetrically with respect to the thickness of the layered layers.
  • the middle layer Relief grooves wherein the relief grooves preferably comprise a plurality of relief grooves which are arranged spaced apart from one another in a thickness direction of the ceiling structure.
  • the relief grooves in the core layer advantageously reduce or even prevent crack formation and crack propagation in the core layer when a bending load is applied to the core layer, which leads to different strains on opposite sides in the thickness direction of the core layer, without significantly reducing the strength of the core layer.
  • This also advantageously enables the core layer to be made thicker than the other layers, making the ceiling structure particularly economical to manufacture. Consequently, the inclusion of relief grooves ensures, in particular, a beneficial longevity of the core layer itself and the ceiling structure as a whole.
  • the middle layer comprises a plurality of solid wood members or solid wood elements, such as solid wood boards, which are arranged next to one another, in particular arranged next to one another in a plane that is substantially perpendicular to the thickness direction of the middle layer or the ceiling structure.
  • the relief grooves can in particular be introduced or arranged on a side of a solid wood element that faces another solid wood element, in particular a laterally adjacent solid wood element of the middle layer.
  • the relief grooves introduced or arranged on one side of the solid wood element can be spaced from one another in the height or thickness direction of the ceiling structure.
  • the relief grooves advantageously promote a thermally insulating effect of the ceiling structure through the air pockets created or through the air ducts created at least in sections, as well as a vapor-permeable construction of the ceiling structure, thereby improving moisture removal. Better moisture removal also enables the ceiling structure to create an indoor climate that reduces or prevents permanently damp ceilings and the formation of condensation on the ceiling.
  • the relief grooves can extend continuously along one side of a solid wood element of the core layer.
  • the relief grooves can each extend continuously across the ceiling structure, in particular, at a certain height of the core layer, they can extend continuously through the core layer essentially perpendicular to the thickness or height direction.
  • the relief grooves may have a sectionally interrupted course and, in other words, in particular, may not extend continuously through the central layer.
  • the relief grooves have a cross-section that is essentially flat and wider than it is high.
  • the relief grooves have a substantially flat cross-section transverse to their respective extension direction, with the cross-section of the relief groove being wider than it is high with respect to the height or thickness direction of the ceiling structure.
  • the relief grooves preferably have a substantially flat cross-section, which provides an enlarged circumference for improved diffusion openness with a comparatively equal structural removal from the solid wood element of the middle layer.
  • the relief grooves may have a width-to-thickness or height ratio in the range of about 1.5 to about 12.0, preferably in the range of about 3.0 to 7.0.
  • a respective relief groove may have a relief groove width of about 8 mm to about 1.6 cm and a relief groove thickness of about 1.5 mm to about 4 mm.
  • the middle layer, the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the pair of cover layers can be glued to the layers adjacent in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure.
  • a material-to-material bond is advantageously provided between the layers of the ceiling structure.
  • the material-to-material bond can particularly advantageously be provided in addition to a positive and/or non-positive connection of the adjacent layers in order to enable advantageous load transfer and load distribution between the layers, in particular between the middle layer and the cover layers.
  • the adhesive comprises a melamine resin, in particular a melamine resin and hardener system.
  • the adhesive can consist of a melamine resin and hardener system.
  • the adhesive comprising a melamine resin or a melamine resin and hardener system advantageously promotes moisture transport during and after curing.
  • a melamine resin or a melamine resin and hardener system as an adhesive advantageously improves the permeability of the ceiling structure, i.e., moisture transport through the ceiling structure.
  • the glue may comprise additional or other adhesives, which may be, for example, resin-and-hardener systems, but are not limited to, such as a polyurethane (PU) resin or a polyurethane resin and hardener system.
  • PU polyurethane
  • a polyurethane resin and hardener system is generally less permeable to diffusion than a melamine resin and hardener system, but allows for lower-energy curing.
  • solid wood elements of the middle layer can be glued laterally to one another and glued on opposite sides in the thickness direction to an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers.
  • the solid wood elements of the middle layer can be glued to an intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers only on the sides of the solid wood elements of the middle layer that are opposite in the thickness direction.
  • the middle layer can have a plurality of solid wood elements layered next to one another.
  • the majority of the solid wood elements of the middle layer can in particular be layered next to one another without being connected, i.e., without any glue applied between them.
  • solid wood elements of the plurality of solid wood elements of the middle layer can each be connected to adjacent intermediate layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing.
  • only the intermediate layers can be provided with glue, in particular on a side facing the middle layer.
  • the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be or become connected to a respective adjacent cover layer of the pair of cover layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing. If the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers comprise wood, in particular solid wood, they can in particular be layered next to one another and optionally glued laterally adjacent or laterally be layered unconnected next to each other.
  • the cover layers of the pair of cover layers can comprise a plurality of solid wood elements layered next to one another.
  • the majority of solid wood elements of the respective cover layer can, in particular, be layered next to one another, either connected or unconnected.
  • solid wood elements of the plurality of solid wood elements of the cover layer can each be connected to adjacent intermediate layers in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure by means of glue or by means of gluing.
  • a solid wood element of one of the layers of the ceiling structure can be coated with a resin, particularly in sections, preferably selectively, by passing the solid wood element through a glue or resin shower, or by guiding or moving it through a resin shower.
  • the resin can advantageously be applied to and/or adhere to the solid wood element in a distributed manner.
  • a solid wood element can be guided and/or moved through the resin shower, in particular at an angle or incline or at an angle, so that the resin shower is configured to provide a plurality of sides of the solid wood element, in particular a gluing side and a narrow side, with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at specific points, by means of a single passage and/or movement of the solid wood element through the resin shower.
  • a solid wood element of a cover layer of the pair of cover layers can be provided with glue by being guided and/or brought through the resin shower once, i.e. preferably in particular once only.
  • a top and bottom side of the solid wood element in other words a gluing side, as well as only one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element, in other words a narrow side, is provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably selectively. provided.
  • a solid wood element of the intermediate layer of the at least one pair of intermediate layers can be provided with glue by being guided and/or moved through the resin shower at least once, i.e. preferably at least once only.
  • glue side preferably at least one side of a top and bottom side of the solid wood element (gluing side) and at least one side of one of two lateral sides of the solid wood element (narrow side) are provided with resin, in particular in sections, preferably at specific points.
  • a solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be provided with glue exactly once.
  • a solid wood element of the intermediate layer can be provided with glue several times, i.e. guided and/or moved several times through the resin shower, in particular provided with glue twice.
  • the two-time application of glue to a solid wood element of the intermediate layer allows for a particularly secure connection between the top layer and the middle layer by means of the intermediate layer.
  • the solid wood element when applying glue to the solid wood element of the intermediate layer twice, the solid wood element can be applied with glue rotated by 180° each time.
  • the solid wood element of the intermediate layer when applying glue twice, can be rotated, in particular, about its longitudinal direction or its wood fiber direction, in particular by 180°, between the respective times of applying glue.
  • the provision of the Solid wood element with glue in particular the solid wood element of the intermediate layer with glue, in particular an inclination of the solid wood element relative to a direction of application of glue, in particular an inclination of a width direction of the solid wood element relative to the direction of application of glue, in particular without being perpendicular to the direction of application.
  • providing the solid wood element with glue can in particular comprise providing glue to an inclined solid wood element, in particular a solid wood element inclined relative to the direction of application.
  • providing the solid wood element with glue can in particular comprise inclining the solid wood element during the application of glue.
  • the gluing side of the solid wood element is the side of the solid wood element that extends essentially in the width and length directions of the solid wood element.
  • the narrow side of the solid wood element is the side of the solid wood element that extends essentially in the thickness and length directions of the solid wood element.
  • the thickness direction of the solid wood element is the smaller or shorter side of the solid wood element compared to the width direction—in other words, the narrower side.
  • Tilting the solid wood element when applying glue to a solid wood element, particularly to a solid wood element in the intermediate layer allows for the advantageous, economical application of glue to only one side of the top and bottom sides of the solid wood element (gluing side) and only one side of one of the two lateral sides of the solid wood element (narrow side) in the case of a single application of glue.
  • tilting the solid wood element relative to the direction of glue application allows all four circumferential sides of the solid wood element to be glued when applying glue twice, thus ensuring a secure bond between the core layer and the top layer.
  • the aforementioned application of glue can be performed more than once, twice, three, or four times.
  • a solid wood element of the middle layer can be or has been provided with glue.
  • the middle layer can be draped or laid out on the first intermediate layer.
  • the middle layer can have a bottom side, which in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure faces the first intermediate layer, and a top side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces a second intermediate layer, or faces the second intermediate layer still to be draped or laid out.
  • the middle layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements that face each other laterally.
  • the solid wood elements of the middle layer can be aligned edgewise on the first intermediate layer in their width direction. In other words, the solid wood elements of the middle layer with their respective width directions parallel to the thickness direction of the ceiling structure.
  • the solid wood elements of the middle layer are draped or laid on the first intermediate layer without glue, in particular without glue.
  • a second intermediate layer can be draped or laid over the middle layer, wherein the second intermediate layer can have a bottom side facing the middle layer in the thickness direction and a top side opposite in the thickness direction, which in other words faces a second cover layer or faces the second cover layer yet to be draped or laid out.
  • the second intermediate layer can in particular comprise solid wood elements that face each other in the width direction and are or will be provided with glue on the bottom side, additionally or alternatively on the top side.
  • the ceiling structure can comprise a number other than five layers.
  • the ceiling structure can comprise 6, 7, 8, or 9 layers, without being limited thereto.
  • the ceiling structure can comprise, preferably in the thickness direction in this order from bottom to top, a first cover layer, a first intermediate layer, one or more further first intermediate layers, a middle layer, a second intermediate layer, one or more further second intermediate layers, and a second cover layer.
  • the string method for applying or applying hardener ensures a favorable distribution of hardener on or around the solid wood element. This further ensures the adhesive adheres to the respective solid wood element, especially when the adhesive comprises a resin-and-hardener system.
  • An example fire protection class that is higher than F 30 B for the existing ceiling structure can be F 60 B, F 90 B or F 120 B.
  • the ceiling structure By having the ceiling structure at least in fire protection class F 30 B, it is advantageously possible for the ceiling structure to be able to contain combustible material, especially wood, but on the other hand the ceiling structure retains its thermal insulation function for 30 minutes or longer in the event of a fire.
  • the ceiling structure provides advantageous fire protection by means of the at least one cover layer with closed pores.
  • Sanding at least one of the two facing layers advantageously enhances the fire protection properties of the ceiling structure. Sanding the facing layer reduces the surface area available to the fire in the event of a fire, making it relatively difficult for the facing layer and thus the ceiling structure to catch fire.
  • Drying the top layer and/or ceiling structure advantageously allows proteins in the wood to denature, making them unavailable as food for potential pests.
  • drying the top layers and/or ceiling structure advantageously increases the longevity of the ceiling structure.
  • the middle layer, one or more intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers and/or one or both cover layers of the pair of cover layers have or have a Moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably a moisture content in the range of about 6% to about 9%, The moisture content is preferably present before the layers of the ceiling structure are glued together.
  • the gluing is further advantageously improved, whereby in particular the curing time can be adjusted comparatively precisely and, moreover, shortened.
  • the solid wood elements are air-dried for several weeks to reduce a moisture content in the wood and in particular to achieve a moisture content in the range specified above or close to the range specified above, for example from about 20% to about 15%.
  • the solid wood elements may be stored in a conditioning chamber for a predetermined time to achieve the moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably in the range of about 6% to about 9%.
  • the solid wood elements can be conditioned by means of conditioning, in particular in a conditioning chamber, such that they reach a temperature of at least 58 °C and a moisture content in the range of about 4% to about 12%, preferably in the range of about 6% to about 9%.
  • the conditioning of the solid wood elements can be carried out especially before the solid wood elements are glued together.
  • the pores can advantageously be reduced or dried out, whereby moisture absorption of the respective layers and in particular of the cover layers during use is advantageously made more difficult.
  • the present method for producing a ceiling structure which is suitable, for example, for forming a ceiling, in particular a roof truss section, a room ceiling, or a room floor of a building, advantageously provides a method for cost-effective production of an improved ceiling structure, in particular a structurally improved wood-based ceiling structure.
  • the substantially aligned wood fiber directions of the middle layer and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers provide an advantageously structurally reinforced ceiling structure.
  • the gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of an adhesive, in particular in the thickness direction particularly relates to gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers such that the respective layers are glued together on mutually facing sides, in particular sides facing in the thickness direction.
  • the gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of an adhesive, in particular in the thickness direction particularly relates to gluing the middle layer, the at least one pair of intermediate layers, and the pair of cover layers to one another, in particular in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, i.e., in particular on sides facing one another in the thickness direction of the ceiling structure, using an adhesive.
  • the gluing of the solid wood elements forming the respective layers by means of a glue can in particular involve gluing the Intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers with the middle layer, and gluing the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers with a cover layer adjacent to the respective intermediate layer, so that the middle layer, the intermediate layers of the at least one pair of intermediate layers and the cover layers of the pair of cover layers are glued to one another, in particular in the thickness direction.
  • the pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers comprises in particular a hot pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers.
  • Hot pressing advantageously enables the pressing of the respective solid wood elements and a parallel curing of the glue by means of heat, so that a advantageously rapid setting and curing of the glue is possible.
  • Hot pressing is particularly suitable for pressing solid wood elements, which is achieved using a melamine resin-based glue.
  • hot pressing enables a particularly environmentally friendly pressing process, with comparatively low emissions during curing.
  • the pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers can in particular be a high-frequency pressing of the solid wood elements forming the middle layer, the intermediate layers and the cover layers.
  • a step of gluing or a step of applying the glue may in particular comprise a drop-by-drop application of resin, in particular melamine resin, and/or a line-by-line application of hardener, in particular melamine resin hardener.
  • the line-by-line application of hardener can in particular comprise the line-by-line application of hardener to a resin-coated solid wood element.
  • the application of hardener in cords may in particular comprise the application of spaced-apart cords or cord-shaped sections of hardener.
  • Fig. 1 shows an oblique view of a sketched section of a ceiling structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the section of the ceiling structure 10 as in Fig. 1 shown can advantageously serve as a ceiling, in particular as a roof truss section, as a room ceiling or a room floor of a building, in particular a multi-story building.
  • the ceiling structure 10 as a whole can have any extension according to the building in which it is to be installed.
  • the ceiling structure 10 can have an extension in a width direction B and in a longitudinal direction L, in particular in the range of approximately 3 meters to approximately 7 meters or more.
  • the present ceiling structure is also suitable for smaller ceilings as well as for larger ceilings, and, for example, for use as a roof truss section, can be shorter than approximately 3 meters in at least the longitudinal direction L or the width direction B.
  • the thickness of the ceiling structure 10 in the thickness direction D can be in a range from approximately 8 cm to approximately 80 cm. in particular, in the range from approximately 15 cm to approximately 40 cm, but not limited thereto.
  • the thickness of the ceiling structure 10 in the thickness direction D can be predetermined, in particular, based on a desired strength and/or rigidity in combination with a predetermined distribution of cover layers 30 and middle layer 20 of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the Fig. 1 reproduced directions of the thickness direction D, the width direction B and the longitudinal direction L essentially initially relate to the ceiling structure 10, so that the ceiling structure 10 extends essentially in the longitudinal direction L and the width direction B, for example between four walls of a building, and extends in the thickness direction D with its thickness, which can be divided in particular into different layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42.
  • the extension directions of the wood fibers in other words the fiber directions FRd1, FRd2, FRm, FRz1, FRz2 of the respective layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42 and solid wood elements 25, 35, 45, are shown by means of a double arrow.
  • the middle layer 20 and in particular the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 have the fiber direction FRm, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 25.
  • the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the first cover layer 30, 31 and in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 30, 31 have or have the fiber direction FRd1, which in particular can correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 35.
  • Fig. 1 The fiber direction FRd1 of the first cover layer 30, 31 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be approximately parallel to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20.
  • the second cover layer 30, 32 and in particular the solid wood elements 35 of the second cover layer 30, 32 have or have the fiber direction FRd2, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 35.
  • the grain direction FRd2 of the second cover layer 30, 32 is, for example, approximately parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be, in particular, approximately parallel to the grain direction FRm of the middle layer 20.
  • the first intermediate layer 40, 41 and, in particular, the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 40, 41 have or have the grain direction FRz1, which can, in particular, correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 45.
  • the fiber direction FRz1 of the first intermediate layer 40, 41 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be in particular approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 and/or approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRd1 of the first cover layer 30, 31.
  • the second intermediate layer 40, 42 and in particular the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 40, 42 have or have the fiber direction FRz2, which can in particular correspond approximately to a longitudinal direction or a direction of a longitudinal extension of the individual solid wood elements 45.
  • the fiber direction FRz2 of the second intermediate layer 40, 42 shown is, for example, approximately parallel to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10, and can furthermore be in particular approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 and/or approximately perpendicular to the fiber direction FRd2 of the second cover layer 30, 32.
  • the layers 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42 which form the ceiling structure 10 can in particular each comprise solid wood or solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 which, when arranged one after the other or next to one another, span a respective layer 20, 30, 31, 32, 40, 41, 42.
  • the ceiling structure 10 can have a cover layer 30, in particular a first cover layer 31, as the lowest layer in the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the cover layer 30 and in particular the first cover layer 31 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, in other words, by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 35.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, preferably both the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32, can in particular have approximately the same thickness.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30, in particular of the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32 can have, relative to a solid wood element 35, an extension in the longitudinal direction which is greater than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is greater than an extension in the thickness direction.
  • the thickness direction of the solid wood element 35 can in particular correspond approximately to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 35 can, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately correspond to the Fig. 1
  • the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown may correspond to or be parallel to it.
  • the width direction of the solid wood element 35 may correspond, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately to the width direction shown in Fig. 1 correspond to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel to it.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the top layer 30 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular be arranged next to one another, i.e. be arranged facing one another in the width direction of the solid wood elements 35.
  • the cover layer 30 can be or become formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 35.
  • the cover layer 30 can also be or become formed in the thickness direction D by several solid wood elements 35.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can be or become glued together in the direction in which they face each other.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can be or become glued together, in particular on the side facing each other.
  • the first and second cover layers 31, 32 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, especially form or represent outer or outermost layers with respect to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure. Furthermore, the first cover layer 31 and the second cover layer 32 can in particular be arranged substantially symmetrically to one another in the ceiling structure 10, in particular substantially symmetrical with respect to their thickness in the thickness direction D and/or substantially symmetrical with respect to the orientation of their wood fiber direction.
  • the symmetry of the first and second cover layers 31, 32 can in particular relate to a plane of symmetry which forms the middle layer 20, in particular relate to an imaginary plane of symmetry which forms a middle plane in the thickness direction D in the middle layer 20.
  • the ceiling structure 10 can have an intermediate layer 40, in particular a first intermediate layer 41, following the first cover layer 35 in the thickness direction D.
  • the intermediate layer 40 and in particular the first intermediate layer 41 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, in other words, by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 45.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can in particular have approximately the same thickness. As shown in Fig. 1 As indicated, the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, in particular of the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42, can have, relative to a solid wood element 45, an extension in the longitudinal direction which is greater than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is greater than an extension in the thickness direction.
  • the thickness direction of the solid wood element 45 can in particular correspond approximately to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the longitudinal direction of the solid wood element 45 can, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately correspond to the Fig. 1
  • the width direction of the solid wood element 45 may correspond to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10 shown or be parallel thereto.
  • the width direction of the solid wood element 45 may correspond, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately to the Fig. 1 correspond to or be parallel to the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular with respect to the wood fiber direction FRd1 or the longitudinal direction.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned rotated relative to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular in a plane parallel to a plane spanned by the Fig.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned rotated or differently aligned with respect to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, in particular in a range from approximately 20° to approximately 90°, preferably from approximately 40° to approximately 90°, more preferably from approximately 60° to approximately 90°, and particularly preferably from approximately 70° to approximately 90°.
  • the intermediate layer 40 By means of the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40, which are arranged or aligned in a twisted manner relative to the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31, a positive connection can be provided, wherein the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41, enables an advantageous force distribution between the middle layer 20 and the cover layer 30, in particular between the middle layer 20 and the first cover layer 31.
  • the solid wood elements 45 can be glued in the direction in which they face one another.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can be provided with glue 50, in particular on the side facing one another, and can be or be glued to one another on the side facing one another.
  • the first intermediate layer 41 and/or the second intermediate layer 42 can have glue 50 at least on a side facing towards the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D.
  • the first intermediate layer 41 and/or the second intermediate layer 42 can have glue 50 at least on a side facing away from the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D, i.e. on the side facing the cover layers 30.
  • the first and second intermediate layers 41, 42 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular with regard to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure, form or represent layers lying between a respective cover layer 31, 32 and the middle layer 20. Furthermore, the first intermediate layer 41 and the second intermediate layer 42 can in particular be arranged substantially symmetrically to one another in the ceiling structure 10, in particular be substantially symmetrical with regard to their thickness in the thickness direction D and/or be aligned substantially symmetrically with regard to their wood fiber direction.
  • the symmetry of the first and second intermediate layers 41, 42 can in particular relate to a plane of symmetry which forms the middle layer 20, in particular relate to an imaginary plane of symmetry which forms a middle plane in the thickness direction D in the middle layer 20.
  • the ceiling structure 10 can have the middle layer 20 following the first intermediate layer 41 in the thickness direction D.
  • the middle layer 20 is preferably formed by a plurality of solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, in other words, by a plurality of individual solid wood elements 25.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular have approximately the same extension in the thickness direction D.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 in each case relative to themselves, can have an extension in the longitudinal direction which is greater than an extension in the width direction, which in turn is greater than an extension in the thickness direction.
  • the thickness direction of the solid wood element 25 can in particular correspond approximately to the longitudinal direction L of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the longitudinal direction and in particular the Fig. 1 shown grain direction FRm of the solid wood element 25 can, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately correspond to the direction shown in Fig. 1
  • the width direction B of the ceiling structure 10 shown may correspond to or be parallel to it.
  • the width direction of the solid wood element 25 may correspond, without being limited thereto, in particular approximately to the width direction shown in Fig. 1 correspond to or be parallel to the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10 shown.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned substantially perpendicular to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, in particular with respect to the wood fiber direction FRm or the longitudinal direction.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be arranged or aligned in a manner that is rotated or differently aligned to the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41, in particular in a plane spanned parallel to a plane by the Fig.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be arranged or aligned in a range of approximately 20° to approximately 90°, preferably from approximately 40° to approximately 90°, more preferably from approximately 60° to approximately 90°, and particularly preferably from approximately 70° to approximately 90°, rotated or differently aligned to the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20.
  • the intermediate layer 40 Due to the 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 is twisted or differently arranged or aligned solid wood elements 25, a positive connection can be provided, wherein the intermediate layer 40, in particular the first intermediate layer 41, enables an advantageous force distribution between the middle layer 20 and the cover layer 30, in particular between the middle layer 20 and the first cover layer 31.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can, as in Fig. 1 shown, in particular be arranged adjacent to one another in their thickness direction, i.e. be arranged facing one another in the thickness direction of the solid wood elements 25.
  • the middle layer 20 can be and/or become formed in the thickness direction D in particular by means of a single solid wood element 25.
  • the middle layer 20 can also be or become formed in the thickness direction D by several solid wood elements 25.
  • the solid wood elements 25 can be or become glued together in the direction in which they face each other.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be or become glued together, particularly on the side facing each other.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can be stacked or layered in the direction in which they face each other, in particular dry, i.e., without any glue between them.
  • the middle layer 20 can have glue on at least one side facing the intermediate layers 40 in the thickness direction D.
  • the wood fiber direction FRm of the middle layer 20 can be substantially perpendicular to the wood fiber direction FRz1, FRz2 of the first and/or second intermediate layer 41, 42, or at least rotated relative to the wood fiber direction FRz1, FRz2 of the first and/or second intermediate layer 41, 42.
  • the middle layer 20 is followed from bottom to top by, in particular, the second intermediate layer 42, and this in turn by the second cover layer 32.
  • the solid wood elements 45 and 35 of the respective intermediate layer 42 and cover layer 32 can preferably be aligned substantially in accordance with those of the first intermediate layer 41 and in particular the first cover layer 31.
  • the ceiling structure 10 thus sketched by way of example comprises, in particular, five layers, which are aligned such that the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 and the solid wood elements 35 of the cover layers 30, 31, 32 are essentially aligned in the same direction and thus support each other structurally in the same direction.
  • the intermediate layers 40, 41, 42 of the at least one pair of intermediate layers 40 advantageously support and connect the cover layers 30, 31, 32 to the middle layer 20 in a form-fitting and/or cohesive manner and, due to their preferably twisted alignment, enable, in particular, a particularly advantageous force distribution and force transmission between the cover layers 30, 31, 32 and the middle layer 20.
  • the middle layer 20 can have one or more relief grooves 24.
  • the middle layer 20 can have several relief grooves 24 spaced apart in the thickness direction D of the ceiling structure 10.
  • the middle layer 20 can have one or at least two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen or more relief grooves 24.
  • each solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20 may have one or more relief grooves 24.
  • only individual solid wood elements 25 of the plurality of solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 may have one or more relief grooves 24.
  • the relief grooves 24 can, for example, extend continuously along the longitudinal direction of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20, or can extend interrupted or in sections along the longitudinal direction of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20.
  • the relief grooves 24 advantageously increase the flexibility, serve as crack stoppers and also improve the diffusion openness of the ceiling structure 10.
  • one or more solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layer 40 can also have at least one relief groove, and/or one or more solid wood elements 35 of the cover layer 30 can have at least one relief groove.
  • the Fig. 1 The relief grooves 24 shown are each arranged on a side of a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20, which faces another solid wood element 25.
  • a solid wood element 25 of the middle layer 20 can have the relief grooves 24 facing other solid wood elements 25 on both sides, or only on one of the sides facing the other two solid wood elements 25.
  • the respective solid wood elements 25, 35; 45 can be connected in their respective longitudinal direction with one or both sides with two further respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45.
  • several solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 can be galvanized together in the longitudinal direction of a respective solid wood element 25, 35, 45. be.
  • Fig. 2 shows a sketch for applying glue 50 to a solid wood element, using as an example a solid wood element 35, 45 of a cover layer 30 and/or an intermediate layer 40 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solid wood elements 35, 45 on the as in Fig. 2 shown glue 50 is applied can be used especially as solid wood elements for the Fig. 1 shown layers.
  • the solid wood elements 35, 45 do not have to be the same size to be in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • glue 50 can be applied or applied in particular in spots or sections to a solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the Fig. 2 The solid wood elements 35, 45 shown can be moved and/or driven for applying or applying glue 50, in particular by means of a glue shower or resin shower, in order to apply or apply glue 50 in a point-like manner or in sections on at least one side of the solid wood element 35, 35.
  • the movement and/or driving can in particular take place in a direction perpendicular to the sheet on which the Fig. 2 is depicted, i.e. into the sheet or into the figure or out of the sheet or out of the figure.
  • the application direction A of the glue 50 shown essentially corresponds to a top-bottom direction and can be determined in particular by the weight of the glue 50, which is dispensed or applied, for example, from a nozzle, a valve, or the like.
  • the solid wood element 35, 45 which is provided with glue 50, can be inclined relative to the application direction A of the glue 50.
  • the solid wood element 35, 45, which is provided with glue 50 can be inclined relative to the application direction A of the glue 50 without being arranged perpendicular to the application direction of the glue 50.
  • the solid wood element 35, 45 can be inclined with an upper or lower side (gluing side), in other words with a side which is formed substantially perpendicular to the thickness or thickness direction of the solid wood element 35, 45, relative to the application direction A, preferably in a range of approximately 20° to approximately 80°, particularly preferably by approximately 60°.
  • the inclination of the solid wood element 35, 45 relative to the application direction A allows at least two of the four sides of the solid wood element 35, 45 to be provided with glue 50 at the same time, in particular that a gluing side and a narrow side of the solid wood element 35, 45 can be provided with glue 50 at the same time.
  • the shorter side facing the glue 50 represents the narrow side, and the longer side facing the glue 50 represents the gluing side.
  • the end faces of a solid wood element 35, 45 do not necessarily have to be provided with glue 50 and should not be encompassed by the aforementioned two or four sides of the solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the glue 50 can advantageously be applied or applied in only two passes or passes through the solid wood element 35, 45 through the glue spray. Tilting the solid wood elements 35, 45 when applying or applying glue 50 therefore advantageously increases the process efficiency of the manufacturing method and, when applying or applying glue 50, allows the glue 50 to be distributed integrally, at least in sections, on the solid wood element 35, 45 due to gravity, which in turn improves the process efficiency of the manufacturing method of the ceiling structure 10, particularly in terms of time.
  • Fig. 2 essentially refers to solid wood elements 35, 45 of the top layer 30 and the intermediate layer 40, it can equally refer to solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, provided that these are glued to are provided.
  • Fig. 3 shows a sketch for applying hardener 60 to an exemplary solid wood element 35, 45, according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the solid wood element 35, 45 is in particular a solid wood element for forming the ceiling structure 10, as in Fig. 1 Furthermore, the Fig. 3 The solid wood element 35, 45 shown must have been provided with resin or glue 50, in particular before applying or applying hardener 60, in particular according to Fig. 2 .
  • the hardener 60 as an exemplary part of a resin-and-hardener system of a glue 50, can be applied or applied in strings to or onto a solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the hardener 60 can be applied or applied along lines or imaginary lines or strings, in particular along lines or strings spaced apart from one another, to or onto the solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the lines or strings of hardener 60 can each have a hardener spacing 62 from one another, in particular in one direction, such as a width direction or a length direction of the solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the application of hardener 60 in strings while maintaining a hardener spacing 62 between the respective strings of hardener 60 advantageously enables economical application of hardener 60 to the solid wood element 35, 45, while ensuring advantageously distributed adhesion of glue 50 to the solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the hardener spacing 62 can depend in particular on the resin-and-hardener system of the glue 50, and, for example, additionally on the particular wood comprising the solid wood element 35, 45.
  • the Fig. 2 The application of glue 50 shown in FIG. 1 may in particular comprise the application of melamine resin 50.
  • the Fig. 3 The illustrated application of hardener 60 may in particular comprise the application of melamine resin hardener 60.
  • the melamine resin and hardener system advantageously provides a diffusion-open resin and hardener system, which Diffusing of moisture through the ceiling structure 10 is made possible, or at least comparatively slightly hindered.
  • Fig. 3 essentially refers to solid wood elements 35, 45 of the top layer 30 and the intermediate layer 40, it can equally refer to solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, provided that these are to be provided with hardener 60.
  • Fig. 4 shows a flow chart illustrating a method for producing a ceiling structure 10 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the steps described can be, in particular, as in Fig. 1 shown, ceiling structure 10 can be produced.
  • the method for producing a ceiling structure 10 according to Fig. 4 includes in particular the steps: S11: - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 25 to form a Middle position 20; - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 45 to form at least one pair of intermediate layers 40; - Providing a plurality of solid wood elements 35 to form a pair of cover layers 30; S12: - Gluing the solid wood elements forming the respective layers 20, 30, 40 25, 35, 45 by means of a glue 50, in particular in the thickness direction D, -- wherein the solid wood elements 35 are arranged to form a pair of Top layers 30 essentially in the same wood grain direction FRd1, FRd2 are aligned, like a wood fiber direction FRm of the Solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20, - -- wherein the solid wood elements 35 are arranged to form a pair of Cover layers 30 sandwiched around the solid wood elements 25 to form the Middle layer 20 are arranged; and -- wherein the solid wood elements 45 are arranged to form at least one Intermediate layer 40
  • step S13 may in particular comprise the pressing of the solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 forming the middle layer 20, the intermediate layers 40 and the cover layers 30 by means of a hot press or a high-frequency press.
  • the hot press or the high-frequency press can be configured, in particular, to press the respective solid wood elements 25, 35, 45 together and to cure the applied glue 50.
  • the hot press or the high-frequency press can be configured, in particular, to perform steps S13 and S14 simultaneously, i.e., to perform them in parallel.
  • the step S12 may in particular comprise the provision or application of glue 50 according to Fig. 2 and/or the application of Hardener 60 according to Fig. 3 include.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can be sprayed once through the glue shower according to Fig. 2 driven and/or moved.
  • the solid wood elements 35 can be configured to be provided with glue 50 once.
  • the solid wood element 35 can be inclined in particular with respect to the application direction A, without being perpendicular thereto.
  • one solid wood element 35 of a plurality of solid wood elements 35 can advantageously be provided with glue 50 on both sides to form the first cover layer 31.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the first cover layer 31 can thereby be connected to one another in a materially bonded manner and facing the first intermediate layer 41 in the thickness direction D. glue 50 in order to be firmly bonded to the first intermediate layer 41.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can be sprayed once or twice through the glue shower according to Fig. 2 driven and/or moved.
  • the solid wood elements 45 can in particular be configured to be provided with glue 50 once or twice.
  • the solid wood element 45 can in particular be inclined with respect to the application direction A, without being perpendicular thereto.
  • a solid wood element 45 of a plurality of solid wood elements 45 can advantageously be provided with glue 50 on at least two sides or up to four sides to form the first intermediate layer 41.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the first intermediate layer 41 can thus be connected to one another in a material-to-material manner while lying next to one another and can have glue 50 facing the first cover layer 31 in the thickness direction D and/or facing the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D in order to be material-to-materially connected to the first cover layer 31 and/or the middle layer 20.
  • glue 50 facing the first cover layer 31 in the thickness direction D and/or facing the middle layer 20 in the thickness direction D in order to be material-to-materially connected to the first cover layer 31 and/or the middle layer 20.
  • the solid wood elements 25 of the middle layer 20 can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood, in particular spruce or pine.
  • the solid wood elements 45 of the intermediate layers 40, 41, 42 can in particular comprise or consist of a softwood, in particular spruce or pine.
  • the solid wood elements 35 of the intermediate layers 30, 31, 32 can in particular comprise or consist of a hardwood, in particular beech.
  • the glue 50 can in particular comprise a resin-and-hardener system or a resin of a resin-and-hardener system, for example a melamine resin, which in turn can in particular be configured to form a melamine resin-and-hardener system with a melamine resin hardener.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
EP23161936.2A 2022-03-15 2023-03-15 Deckenaufbau und verfahren zur herstellung eines deckenaufbaus Active EP4245940B1 (de)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI202330055T SI4245940T1 (sl) 2022-03-15 2023-03-15 Stropna konstrukcija in postopek za izdelavo stropne konstrukcije
HRP20251559TT HRP20251559T1 (hr) 2022-03-15 2023-03-15 Stropna konstrukcija i postupak za proizvodnju stropne konstrukcije

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102022202572.5A DE102022202572A1 (de) 2022-03-15 2022-03-15 Deckenaufbau und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Deckenaufbaus

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4245940A1 EP4245940A1 (de) 2023-09-20
EP4245940C0 EP4245940C0 (de) 2025-10-15
EP4245940B1 true EP4245940B1 (de) 2025-10-15

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EP23161936.2A Active EP4245940B1 (de) 2022-03-15 2023-03-15 Deckenaufbau und verfahren zur herstellung eines deckenaufbaus

Country Status (5)

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EP (1) EP4245940B1 (pl)
DE (2) DE102022202572A1 (pl)
HR (1) HRP20251559T1 (pl)
PL (1) PL4245940T3 (pl)
SI (1) SI4245940T1 (pl)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH681441A5 (pl) 1991-02-12 1993-03-31 Willy Haering
DE59811188D1 (de) 1997-12-05 2004-05-19 Johannes Santner Holzbauelement
DE10030457A1 (de) 2000-06-21 2002-01-03 Karl Moser Biegefeste Schichtholzplatte
DE202006013553U1 (de) * 2006-09-01 2006-12-14 Müller, Bernhard Bauplatte
AT13709U1 (de) * 2013-02-01 2014-07-15 Lapinski Piotr Dipl Ing Holzbaustein als Vollholzhausbausystem
US10577753B2 (en) * 2015-08-03 2020-03-03 Sterling Site Access Solutions, Llc Crane mat and method of manufacture
DE102017111975A1 (de) 2017-05-31 2018-12-06 Andreas Sadwornych Modulares Holzbauelement geeignet zum Ausbilden von Wandelementen für Gebäude, Wandelement mit zumindest einem solchen modularen Holzbauelement sowie Gebäude umfassend derartige Wandelemente

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Publication number Publication date
PL4245940T3 (pl) 2026-05-04
DE102022202572A1 (de) 2023-09-21
HRP20251559T1 (hr) 2026-01-16
SI4245940T1 (sl) 2026-01-30
EP4245940C0 (de) 2025-10-15
EP4245940A1 (de) 2023-09-20
DE202023002774U1 (de) 2024-06-26

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