EP4208882A1 - Bande de protection anti-effluves d'une machine électrique tournante à haute tension, son utilisation, et machine électrique - Google Patents

Bande de protection anti-effluves d'une machine électrique tournante à haute tension, son utilisation, et machine électrique

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Publication number
EP4208882A1
EP4208882A1 EP21805895.6A EP21805895A EP4208882A1 EP 4208882 A1 EP4208882 A1 EP 4208882A1 EP 21805895 A EP21805895 A EP 21805895A EP 4208882 A1 EP4208882 A1 EP 4208882A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
corona protection
tape
accelerator
corona
anhydride
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21805895.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Huber
Steffen Lang
Michael Nagel
Torsten Rossow
Dieter Schirm
Matthias ÜBLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innomotics GmbH
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP4208882A1 publication Critical patent/EP4208882A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/32—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation
    • H02K3/40—Windings characterised by the shape, form or construction of the insulation for high voltage, e.g. affording protection against corona discharges
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/36—Sulfur-, selenium-, or tellurium-containing compounds
    • C08K5/37—Thiols
    • C08K5/372—Sulfides, e.g. R-(S)x-R'
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
    • C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
    • C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
    • C09J11/06—Non-macromolecular additives organic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • C09J7/21—Paper; Textile fabrics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
    • C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/02—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances
    • H01B3/04—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of inorganic substances mica
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/30—Windings characterised by the insulating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
    • C08K2201/001—Conductive additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/18—Oxygen-containing compounds, e.g. metal carbonyls
    • C08K3/20—Oxides; Hydroxides
    • C08K3/22—Oxides; Hydroxides of metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2203/326—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for bonding electronic components such as wafers, chips or semiconductors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/408—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components additives as essential feature of the adhesive layer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/40—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components
    • C09J2301/414—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the presence of essential components presence of a copolymer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2429/00—Presence of polyvinyl alcohol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2463/00—Presence of epoxy resin

Definitions

  • Corona protection strip for rotating electrical high-voltage machine, use therefor and electrical machine
  • the invention relates to a corona protection band, in particular a reactive corona protection band, for a rotating electrical high-voltage machine with an insulation system that can be produced by vacuum pressure impregnation process (VPI process), the impregnation agent in the VPI process being used for concerns about the airway sensitizing effect of the Anhydrides de, preferably anhydride-free.
  • VPI process vacuum pressure impregnation process
  • the invention also relates to the use of such a corona protection strip and an electrical machine with an insulation system that can be produced using the corona protection strip.
  • an insulation system Depending on the rated voltage of the rotating electrical machine, different combinations of components of an insulation system are used when producing an insulation system .
  • the external corona protection AGS.
  • an AGS is usually reinforced at the ends by end corona protection EGS and from a rated voltage of approx . 12kV, the insulation system on the main insulation is reinforced by an IPS internal potential control.
  • anhydride-containing crosslinkers in the impregnating agents of the insulation system, in particular the insulation systems that can be produced by VPI, the anhydride is increasingly being replaced by anhydride-free impregnating agents.
  • This substitution entails a whole range of adjustment problems, since the winding tapes and/or corona protection tapes, which in turn contain organic binders such as the tape adhesive, polymer-based matrix materials and, in the case of reactive corona protective tapes also include curing catalysts, to which the newly used anhydride-free impregnating agents must be matched.
  • the conductive layers of the IPS and the AGS usually consist of a composite material containing carbon black and/or graphite and based on a polymer matrix. No component of the composite material, neither the carbon black/graphite nor the polymeric matrix are resistant to partial discharges. If a partial discharge hits the conductive layer, the soot reacts with the surrounding oxygen to form CO 2 . The same applies to the polymeric matrix.
  • Main insulation or AGS, EGS and IPS are usually formed by winding mica tape or corona protection tape, which is impregnated with an impregnating agent.
  • the mica tape of the main insulation usually includes a barrier material, such as mica for insulation, while the corona protection tape contains electrically conductive or partially conductive fillers, such as carbon black, etc. includes .
  • the corona protection tape contains electrically conductive or partially conductive fillers, such as carbon black, etc. includes .
  • the tertiary amines and/or organic zinc salts that have been customary up to now and are ideally suited for anhydride-containing impregnating agents can no longer be used as so-called belt accelerators for the new, anhydride-free impregnating agents because they can no longer be used under the conditions of the Inadequate networking of the VPI process.
  • a low glass transition temperature should also be avoided locally, since these areas have insufficient mechanical and electrical properties and lead to significantly premature degradation. During operation, these low-load areas are quickly thermally and electrically degraded or destroyed.
  • Corona protection tapes as part of the insulation system are used in rotating electrical high-voltage machines.
  • Rotating high-voltage machines are, for example, motors or generators in a power plant for generating electrical energy.
  • Such rotating high-voltage machines have, in particular, a stator winding which is subject to particularly high demands in terms of strength and reliability.
  • the insulation system of the stator winding at the interface between the main insulation and the laminated core, especially in rotating electrical machines from approx. 2 kV rated voltage, the stator winding is heavily loaded by high thermal, thermomechanical, dynamic and electromechanical operating stress, which means that the risk of damage to the insulation system of the stator winding due to partial discharge is high.
  • the stator winding has a conductor assembly that is electrically insulated from the main insulation and that is mounted in a slot that is arranged in the laminated core.
  • the stator is exposed to alternating thermal stress, as a result of which mechanical stresses are generated in the main insulation, caused by different thermal expansion rates and thermal conductivities of the conductor, the main insulation and the laminated core.
  • alternating thermal stress as a result of which mechanical stresses are generated in the main insulation, caused by different thermal expansion rates and thermal conductivities of the conductor, the main insulation and the laminated core.
  • localized detachment of the main insulation can occur, creating cavities between the main insulation and the sheet metal packets arise in which partial discharges can ignite.
  • the partial discharges can lead to damage to the main insulation, which in the worst case can lead to an earth fault between the laminated core and the conductor, which means that the machine can no longer be operated .
  • the conductor with its main insulation conventionally protrudes at the slot exits, where the interface between the conductor and the main insulation is arranged, which forms a sliding arrangement.
  • FIG. 1 of EP 2362399B1 in which the section of the turbogenerator stand shown there corresponds schematically to the slot exit point dealt with here.
  • the main insulation of the winding against the laminated core is an electrically highly stressed system.
  • high voltages arise, which must be dissipated in the insulating volume between the conductor bar and the laminated core, which is at ground potential.
  • Field increases occur at the edges of the sheets in the laminated core, which in turn cause partial discharges and ultimately lead to premature aging and, in the worst case, to destruction of the insulation.
  • the exit point of the stator bars/coil legs from the laminated core, the slot exit point, is characterized by the meeting of two insulating materials, the gaseous and the solid, and the AGS and/or IPS or the laminated core.
  • a boundary layer forms between the main insulation, which is solid in its aggregate state, and a gaseous medium, usually air or hydrogen .
  • the resulting dielectric interface between the main insulation and the air creates a classic slip arrangement which, in addition to a purely radial field component E rad , which is perpendicular to the conductor and which occurs in the area of the laminated core, also has a tangential field component E tan arising along the conductor after AGS end has .
  • a resistive-capacitive field control in the form of an end corona protection "EGS” is connected to the AGS in addition to the external corona protection "AGS" for electrical rotating machines from a rated voltage of 6kV.
  • GGS external corona protection
  • the highest electro-thermal load on the system does not occur at the operating voltage, but rather when the insulation system is checked with an increased test voltage .
  • the insulating material is destroyed in the long term by the formation of creeping discharges on the surface.
  • the end corona protection is a resistive coating directly on the surface of the main insulation.
  • the external corona protection which has a surface resistance of around 1000 - 10,000 ohms
  • the "EGS” the end corona protection
  • the relevant resistance range of the EGS can be specified as 2x10 8 ohms to 1x10 13 ohms.
  • heating, electrical erosion and chemical degradation can destroy the EGS and thus damage the insulation system and ultimately flashover as a result of the destruction of the end corona protection. It can be due to local heat development an operating point shift in addition to disrupting the functioning of the insulation system and increasing the dielectric losses.
  • the AGS has a certain square resistance, which must not fall below or exceed a specific lower and upper limit. If the limit value is not reached, high circulating currents induced, which close via the ends of the laminated core and the external corona protection, can lead to high-current arcs between two laminated cores in the laminated core, resulting in high electrical losses . If the resistance is too high, high-voltage spark erosion can occur, in which case the AGS no longer acts like a field equalization, but like an insulation. Ideally, external corona protection has a pronounced anisotropy in the resistance behavior; the resistance in the tangential, i.e. axial, direction should be high and in the radial direction low.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a corona protection strip for further processing in the VPI process, a carrier strip, at least one strip accelerator for the impregnating resin and at least one polymeric matrix material with an electrically conductive, optionally coated filler comprehensive, wherein the belt accelerator contained in the corona protection belt is suitable for curing-accelerating an anhydride-free impregnating agent, in particular based on epoxy resin, in the VPI process.
  • the subject of the present invention is a corona protection tape for further processing into an insulation system with winding and potential control through external corona protection and/or internal potential control and/or end corona protection, the insulation system by impregnating the winding with an anhydride-free and resin-based Impregnating agent at 45 ° C to 85 ° C and under vacuum, for example by means of VPI impregnation, can be produced, the corona protection tape at least one carrier tape an electrically conductive or partially conductive filler in a polymer matrix and at least one tape accelerator suitable for Hardening and/or gelling of the impregnating agent, characterized in that the polymer matrix contains at least one polyvinyl alcohol and/or a polyvinyl alcohol copolymer and that the at least one belt accelerator is selected from the group of super acid salts , using it to speed up a katio African homopolymerization of the resin-based anhydride-free impregnating agent is suitable.
  • the basis of the resin-based impregnating agent is preferably an epoxy resin, in particular also an epoxy resin mixture, for example an epoxy resin mixture comprising one or more cycloaliphatic epoxy resins.
  • This mixture can also contain siloxane, for example, so that when the impregnating agent cures, a duromer with a backbone comprising —O—SiR 2 —O— units is obtained.
  • the impregnating agent is in particular a phthalic anhydride or phthalic anhydride derivative-free resin or a resin mixture based on epoxy, preferably at least one cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and an epoxy resin based on bisphenol A and/or bisphenol F diglycidyl ether. and/or epoxy volak base comprehensive .
  • the polymer matrix includes the tape adhesive and - at least partially - the tape accelerator dissolved and/or finely distributed in it, also called "tape catalyst".
  • Tape catalyst also called "tape catalyst”.
  • -Pressure impregnation (VPI) acts on the corona protection strip and the main insulation of the stator winding.This usually happens at elevated temperatures, 45 °C to 85 °C.After impregnation, the stator windings in the stator core are thermally post-hardened.
  • the at least one belt accelerator is preferably present in the polymeric matrix with the fillers. During impregnation, this mixes at least partially with the impregnating agent and/or can at least partially migrate into the impregnating agent and thus serves to gel the impregnating agent before it hardens in the subsequent tempering step of the impregnating process.
  • the tape accelerator which is present for example and preferably in the form of a superacid salt, is present in the polymer matrix or the tape adhesive, ie comprising at least one polyvinyl alcohol, very finely distributed and/or dissolved.
  • the tape accelerator present in the corona protection tape in the form of a super acid and/or a super acid salt only reacts on contact with the impregnating agent and at elevated temperatures of 45° C. to 85° C .
  • a prior reaction with the polymeric matrix is undesirable because the belt accelerator is then “loaded”. would be needed” and the impregnating agent could no longer harden, gel or harden. Therefore, a critical point of the present invention is that the belt accelerator is in the form of the extremely reactive super acid and/or a derivative thereof, with the polymer matrix of the corona protection strip does not react or reacts to an insignificant extent under conditions of up to 70 °C.
  • the accelerator in the carrier tape is, for example, in an amount in the range from 0.1 g/m 2 to 15 g/m 2 , in particular from 0.25 g/m 2 to 10 g/m 2 , preferably in an amount of 0. 5 g/m 2 to 5 g/m 2 included.
  • the embedded belt accelerators and belt accelerator concentrations in the components of the insulation system can be the same or different.
  • the main insulation of winding bars/coils can be shielded against cavities and detachments with an inner and an outer conductive layer, precisely by means of internal potential control IPS and AGS, as explained above.
  • An EGS can then be applied to the AGS.
  • Corona protection tapes are known from EP 2362399 and DE 19839285 G1, in which a planar filler is bound in a polymeric matrix.
  • the planar filler described consists of a mica substrate with doped metal oxide, for example titanium oxide and/or tin oxide, is coated.
  • this filler is more resistant to partial discharges than the carbon-based fillers.
  • the electrical resistance in the direction of the strip in the polymer matrices filled with planar fillers is significantly lower than that perpendicular through the strip, which in turn reduces the electrical conductivity in the radial direction.
  • the radial resistance can be reduced by the addition of round fillers, in which quartz material or powdered quartz serves as the substrate, which in turn has also been coated with doped metal oxide.
  • the electrically conductive and/or partially conductive filler has at least one component selected from the group consisting of carbon black, graphite, carbon nanotubes—CNTs—, antimony-doped tin oxide, silicon carbide and/or aluminum-doped silicon carbide, with the respective component being doped or undoped, coated or uncoated, doped coated or undoped coated.
  • a capacitive-resistive field control is used to reduce the field strength increase in the area of the end of the external corona protection.
  • the capacitive control is realized through the main insulation, while the resistive control takes place through the end corona protection (EGS).
  • EGS end corona protection
  • These are conductive surface coatings that have a square resistance of approx. 10 8 to 10 10 ohms at a field strength of 100 V/mm.
  • the ohmic surface coatings can be applied either by painting from drying and/or hardenable resins, which are applied directly to the surface of the insulating material and/or together with the production of the wound main insulation, which is then applied before production or respectively Impregnation of the main insulation are wound up as tapes, either in the form of a prepreg or an already cured, porous tape.
  • the main insulation of the winding is then impregnated with an impregnating resin and, for example, by means of a vacuum pressure impregnation process (VPI process) carried out therewith.
  • VPI process vacuum pressure impregnation process
  • epoxy resins and/or epoxy resin mixtures with anhydrides in particular are used as hardeners.
  • anhydrides as hardeners, in particular phthalic anhydrides, or and/or phthalic anhydride derivatives, only anhydride-free, in particular phthalic anhydride or Phthalic anhydride derivative-free impregnating agent used.
  • WO2016/124387 discloses an insulation system based on an epoxy resin with an anhydride-free impregnating agent that can be homopolymerized.
  • a reactive corona protection band comprises an electrically conductive and/or semi- or partially conductive material applied to a flexible carrier such as film, fleece and/or fabric, which is referred to here as "carrier tape", which is connected to the carrier tape with one another and is optionally connected to a final cover layer and/or a further layer by means of a tape adhesive which represents the polymer matrix and/or comprises the polymer matrix.
  • an electrically conductive and / or semi- or partially conductive material z.
  • the mentioned electrically conductive and/or semi- or partially conductive materials such as doped titanium oxide and/or tin oxide and/or silicon carbide doped with and without aluminum can also be used without a substrate, such as mica Filler present.
  • the tape that is used to produce the external corona protection winding comprises at least one binder, usually a polymer and a mixture of planar and/or globular and/or tubular electrically conductive and/or partially conductive fillers, which optionally have a u. U. have doped coating.
  • the polymeric matrix comprises several polyvinyl alcohols.
  • polyvinyl alcohols according to the invention can be used as the polymer matrix or part of the polymer matrix of the corona shielding strip, but some particularly suitable polyvinyl alcohols, which can be used alone or in combination, are mentioned below, for example.
  • polyvinyl alcohol cannot be produced by simply polymerizing the corresponding monomer.
  • the necessary monomer ethenol only exists in its tautomeric form as acetaldehyde.
  • Polyvinyl alcohols are obtained by transesterification and/or alkaline saponification of polyvinyl acetate. The hydrolysis is easily controllable.
  • Suitable polyvinyl alcohols have, for example, a degree of hydrolysis of more than 70 mol%.
  • few or more hydroxyl groups are substituted by silicon-containing compounds.
  • the polymeric matrix in the strip comprises polyvinyl alcohol with cross-linked portions. To what degree?
  • the polymeric matrix in the tape comprises one or more polyvinyl alcohol(s) modified with an aldehyde and/or crosslinked with melamine.
  • the polymeric matrix comprises at least one polymeric binder which is a polyvinyl alcohol which has a degree of hydrolysis of at least 70 mol%, in particular at least 85 mol% and preferably at least 87 mol% or more.
  • the polymeric matrix comprises at least one polyvinyl alcohol in which the hydroxyl groups of the polyvinyl alcohol are at least partially substituted by siloxane and/or silanol groups.
  • Investigation methods such as IR, UV, and/or VIS spectroscopic methods and/or scanning electronic investigation methods, including X-ray spectroscopy, for example, are used to detect the components of a corona protective strip according to one embodiment of the invention, in particular also in a finished insulation system EDX, suitable .
  • the electrically conductive filler mainly comprises carbon Lenstoff-based components such as a carbon modification material - preferably carbon black, graphite and / or carbon nanotubes.
  • the electrically conductive filler comprises a silicon carbide, undoped and/or doped silicon carbide.
  • the electrically conductive filler comprises particles which are at least partly made of metal oxide, in particular a mixed oxide.
  • a compound between a metal and oxygen is referred to as a metal oxide
  • the oxygen in the compound formally, ie in simplified terms, having a 2-fold negative charge.
  • the oxygen in the compound is the electronegative partner. Hence the name "oxide”.
  • a mixed oxide - MOX for short - is accordingly a substance in which more than one metal cation is present in an oxidic compound, for example titanium-aluminum oxide or iron-nickel oxide or the like.
  • a filler which has a coating of a doped tin oxide and/or a doped titanium oxide and/or consists of a doped tin oxide and/or titanium oxide.
  • the filler particles can be in the form of hollow bodies, solid particles, coated particles and/or core-shell particles.
  • At least one fraction, preferably but not necessarily exclusively, of platelet-shaped particles is applied to the carrier tape, which are held together by a polymer matrix, i.e. the binder, and thus the glow form a protective band.
  • a polymer matrix i.e. the binder
  • the corona protection strip has a basis weight of ⁇ 150 g/m 2 , preferably less than 100 g/m 2 .
  • the carrier tape comprises reinforcing fibers, for example in the form of a fabric and/or a fiber composite, in and/or on which the polymeric matrix with the electrically conductive filler is introduced and/or with which it is connected through the binder is bonded.
  • the carrier tape preferably has a basis weight of 30-60 g/m 2 .
  • These reinforcing fibers are, for example, glass fibers and/or polyethylene terephthalate - PET fibers.
  • the carrier tape is coated with a primer. It is particularly advantageous if the carrier tape is coated with a primer of up to 5 g/m 2 .
  • the priming of the carrier tape comprises polyvinyl alcohol, epoxy and/or amine functionalities.
  • priming refers to a priming coating through which the cut resistance of the reinforcing fibers and/or the carrier tape or fabric is improved and prepared for wetting and bonding with the polymeric matrix.
  • the amount of coating of the carrier tape with the polymeric matrix, which contains the at least one fraction of electrically conductive filler and/or possibly also the at least one tape accelerator is in the range from 20 g/m 2 to 100 g/m 2 , in particular in the range from 20 g/m 2 to 60 g/m 2 , particularly preferably in the range from 30 g/m 2 to 45 g/m 2 .
  • the corona protection strip is used to produce an external corona protection system and/or an internal potential control system and/or an end corona protection system.
  • an external corona protection system produced by a corona protection strip according to the present invention and/or an internal potential control system is in the range from 0.01 kOhm to 100 kOhm, measured at a field strength of 1 V /mm lies .
  • the square and/or sheet resistance values of such an internal potential control are preferably in the range from 0.01 kOhm to 10 kOhm, preferably in the range from 0.01 to 5 kOhm and particularly preferably in the range from 0.05 to 1 kOhm and/or or the square resistance values of such external corona protection in the range from 0.1 to 100 kOhm, in particular from 0.1 kOhm to 50 kOhm and particularly preferably in the range from 1 kOhm to 10 kOhm, each measured at a field strength of 1 V/mm.
  • the invention relates to a corona protection strip for an electrical high-voltage machine with anhydride-free, in particular Epoxy resins free of phthalic anhydride derivatives.
  • the corona protection tape presented here for the first time is adjusted with its components, in particular the connecting polymeric matrix and the embedded cationic tape accelerator, to the new epoxy resin-based VPI impregnation resins, which are also free of alkyl phthalic anhydride derivatives, for example.
  • the belt accelerator is preferably an ionic compound composed of one or more sulfonium-containing cation(s) with one or more anions, in particular complex anions, such as hexafluoroantimonate anion(s), each suitable for use in a VPI Process for manufacturing an insulation system with an anhydride-free impregnating agent. .
  • the belt accelerator is a cationic belt accelerator and is therefore preferably constructed ionogenically.
  • the ribbon accelerator has a sulfonium-containing cation.
  • a suitable cationic belt accelerator is a chemical compound that falls under one of structural formulas I, II, or III:
  • Di-alkyl-aryl-sulfonium cation Di-alkyl-aryl-sulfonium cation
  • the sulfonium cations I, II and III shown here form with complex anions such as BF 4 -, PF 6 -, SbF 6 -, AsF 6 -, SbF 5 (OH)-, ASF 5 (OH)Al[OC(CF 3 ) 3 ] 4 - the corresponding superacid salts useful herein as line accelerators.
  • Superacids are acids that are stronger than concentrated 100% sulfuric acid with a pKa value of -3. Examples are fluorosulfonic acid, fluoroantimonic acid, per-halogenated carboranes, and others.
  • a “cationic belt accelerator” is a belt accelerator which is ionic and whose cation initiates the cationic polymerization, in particular the cationic homopolymerization, of an impregnating resin in a liquid impregnating agent.
  • “Ionogenic” compounds are heteropolar compounds whose chemical reactivity is characterized by the presence of a cation and an anion in the compound.
  • Classic "ionogenic” compounds are salts. ze .
  • complex structures with a cationic and anionic character are also referred to here as “ionogenic” compounds.
  • a “sulfonium-containing cation” is a cation which, in addition to the anion or anions, includes a unit in the molecule which can be described by the simply positively charged structures II or III or by the molecular formula [SR 3 ] + .
  • alkyl-aryl-sulfonium or “di-alkyl-aryl-sulfonium” in which one or two of the three radicals “R” on the sulfur atom in the sulfonium cation are alkyl groups
  • alkyl groups are parts of a molecule consisting of carbon and hydrogen atoms bonded to one another.
  • preferred alkyl radicals are those having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, which can be branched or linear thereby monovalently bonded to the central sulfur atom.
  • a di-alkyl-aryl-sulfonium cation can have one or two alkyl radicals, which in turn can be identical or different.
  • a sulfonium-containing cation in which one or two of the three radicals “R” on the sulfur atom in the sulfonium cation are aryl groups is referred to as “aryl-alkyl-sulfonium or di-aryl-alkyl-sulfonium”.
  • Aryl groups are parts of a molecule that are monovalent or are attached by a single bond to the carbon skeleton, or to the sulfur atom, and have at least one aromatic nucleus, which can be partially or fully substituted or unsubstituted.
  • an aryl-alkyl-sulfonium cation can have one or two aryl radicals, which in turn can be identical or different.
  • the third radical can be anything, ie also an alkyl group or an aryl group, fully or partially substituted or not.
  • aryl group is an organic chemical radical with an aromatic backbone. It is the designation for a monovalent atomic group derived from aromatic hydrocarbons by removing a hydrogen atom attached to the ring. Most aryl groups are derived from benzene, the simplest aryl group being the phenyl group.
  • At least one aryl group is present in the sulfonium cation.
  • At least one mononuclear aryl group for example an aryl group with an aryl structure derived from benzene, such as phenyl or benzyl, is present.
  • the functional group can be present with or without a heteroatom such as oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur or phosphorus.
  • An aryl group in which a hydrogen on the aromatic nucleus is replaced by an acetyloxy group is particularly preferred.
  • a sulfonium-containing cation combined with a hexafluoroantimonate anion is present as the belt accelerator.
  • the corona protection belt accelerator can be a mixture of at least two cationic belt accelerators, each of which has a different have res sulfonium cation, are present.
  • the anions can be the same or different, in particular as an anion hexafluoro-antimonate.
  • the corona protection strip accelerator regardless of whether it is present as an individual compound or as a mixture, preferably has a melting point in the range from 145.degree. C. to 165.degree. C., particularly preferably in the range from 150.degree. C. to 160.degree.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the reactive corona protection tape for producing an anhydride-free insulation system by impregnating the solid corona protection tape with an impregnation agent, the impregnation agent comprising an aromatic and/or cycloaliphatic impregnation resin, the anhydride - is free and contains epoxy groups.
  • Anions with a complex structure such as the hexafluoro-antimonate anion, are particularly suitable as the anions of the cationic belt accelerator, so that, for example, the 4-acetyloxyphenyldimethylsulphonium hexafluoroantimonate - CAS no. 135691-31-5 - Structure I .
  • this novel corona protection tape is suitable for curing conventional epoxy resin-phthalic anhydride mixtures as well as novel, i.e. anhydride-free, impregnating agents with epoxy resins, particularly in combination with cycloaliphatic epoxy resins.
  • sulphonium superacid derivative(s) bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, bisphenol F diglycidyl ether, glycidyl ester, aliphatic and/or cycloaliphatic epoxy resins can gel and cure alone, but also in any combination.
  • Successful tests have already been carried out with cycloaliphatic epoxy resins mixed with BADGE (bisphenol A diglycidyl ether) .
  • a shaping crosslinker can also be applied, but the tape also has sufficient stability for winding without a shaping crosslinker.
  • corona protection tape produced in this way via subsequent hot-air drying shows, with heat impregnation according to the invention at 70° C. and subsequent hot curing at 140° C. with anhydride-free epoxy resin or an advantageous mixture of approx. 80 wt. -% cycloaliphatic epoxy resin and approx. 20 wt.
  • This turquoise shimmering paint suspension was then applied to a 200 mm wide glass/polyester blended fabric with a basis weight of 44.7 g/m 2 (Krempel GmbH, Vaihingen/Enz) by means of dip application in a base coater belt impregnation system (COATEMA Coating Machinery GmbH, Dormagen) and dried at a strip surface temperature of around 120°C in a hot-air fan oven vertically with a strip running at 0.8 meters/minute over a length of 1.5 m.
  • a base coater belt impregnation system COATEMA Coating Machinery GmbH, Dormagen
  • the result on the belt was a total dry application of 27.48 g/m 2 , with 0.77 g/m 2 of 4-acetyloxyphenyl dimethyl sulfonium hexafluoroantimonate as an accelerator substance, 22.56 g/m 2 of Iriotec 7320 as a partially conductive material for field control and 4.16 g/m 2 PovalTM 25-98 R as a binder.
  • the tape had a specific total area weight of approx. 72 g/m 2 .
  • the glow strip strips were then placed in the center by weights under tension, transferred to a convection oven and immersed completely for four hours in a phthalic anhydride-free epoxy resin mixture at 70° C., consisting of 80% by weight of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin of the 3,4- Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (CelloxideTM C2021P, Daicel Corporation, Tokyo; CAS No. 2386-87-0) and 20% by weight distilled bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (EpikoteTM Resin 162 , Hexion GmbH, Iserlohn; CAS No. 1675-54-3) , immersed.
  • a phthalic anhydride-free epoxy resin mixture consisting of 80% by weight of cycloaliphatic epoxy resin of the 3,4- Epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate (CelloxideTM
  • the electrically contacted corona protective tape strips were lifted out of the resin, heat-cured in the oven at 145 °C for ten hours and then cooled to room temperature. During this time the electrical resistance was continuously recorded.
  • the ideal resistance characteristics of the novel corona protection tape in the range of 1-10 kOhm are retained in the full temperature range of 20-145 °C and is therefore ideally suited for deflecting electrical fields on windings in anhydride-free, VPI epoxy resin-impregnated electrical machines and generators.
  • a so-called resin infection test or accelerator availability test was also carried out to check how the accelerator was washed out of the new corona protection tape.
  • two corona protection tape strips measuring 2.5 cm x 4.8 cm (12 cm 2 ) were prepared and each 30 g of the abovementioned (alkyl) phthalic anhydride-free epoxy resin (80% by weight of 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl-3',4'-epoxycyclohexane carboxylate/ 20
  • the stability of the novel corona protection tape could be demonstrated using fairly constant reaction enthalpies (approx. 300-400 joules per gram of epoxy resin mixture).
  • the present invention discloses a corona protection strip for the first time, in which a well-suited strip accelerator that quickly initiates homopolymerization can be deposited.
  • the tape accelerator is in the form of a salt of a superacid and is storage-stable for up to 6 months at a temperature of +6 °C to 23 °C in a corona protection tape that at least partially contains polyvinyl alcohol as the polymer matrix.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Insulation, Fastening Of Motor, Generator Windings (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une bande de protection anti-effluves, en particulier une bande de protection anti-effluves réactive, d'une machine électrique tournante à haute tension, comprenant un système d'isolation qui peut être produit au moyen d'un processus d'imprégnation sous vide (VPI), où, du fait des préoccupations concernant l'effet sensibilisant des anhydrides sur les voies respiratoires, l'agent d'imprégnation permettant d'imprégner la bande de protection anti-effluves dans le procédé VPI est de préférence exempt d'anhydride. Sur la base de la nouvelle génération des systèmes d'isolation, qui peut être produit par imprégnation avec des agents d'imprégnation exempts d'anhydride, la présente invention divulgue pour la première fois une bande de protection anti-effluves dans laquelle un accélérateur de bande qui amorce une homopolymérisation peut être placé rapidement. L'accélérateur de bande se présente sous la forme de sel d'un superacide et est stable au stockage pendant jusqu'à 6 mois dans une bande de protection anti-effluves qui contient, au moins en partie, de l'alcool polyvinylique en tant que matrice polymère.
EP21805895.6A 2020-11-05 2021-11-02 Bande de protection anti-effluves d'une machine électrique tournante à haute tension, son utilisation, et machine électrique Pending EP4208882A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20205914.3A EP3996113A1 (fr) 2020-11-05 2020-11-05 Bande protectrice contre effluves pour machines électriques à haute tension rotatives, utilisation associée et machine électrique
PCT/EP2021/080326 WO2022096429A1 (fr) 2020-11-05 2021-11-02 Bande de protection anti-effluves d'une machine électrique tournante à haute tension, son utilisation, et machine électrique

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EP4208882A1 true EP4208882A1 (fr) 2023-07-12

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EP20205914.3A Withdrawn EP3996113A1 (fr) 2020-11-05 2020-11-05 Bande protectrice contre effluves pour machines électriques à haute tension rotatives, utilisation associée et machine électrique
EP21805895.6A Pending EP4208882A1 (fr) 2020-11-05 2021-11-02 Bande de protection anti-effluves d'une machine électrique tournante à haute tension, son utilisation, et machine électrique

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US (1) US20240006948A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3996113A1 (fr)
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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0995644A (ja) * 1994-12-12 1997-04-08 Kansai Paint Co Ltd 熱硬化型塗料組成物
DE19839285C1 (de) 1998-08-28 2000-04-27 Siemens Ag Glimmschutzband
DE102010009462A1 (de) 2010-02-26 2011-09-01 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Endenglimmschutzmaterials und ein Endenglimmschutz mit dem Endenglimmschutzmaterial
DE102015214872A1 (de) 2015-02-05 2016-08-11 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Isolierband für eine Spule und Wickelband-Isoliersystem für elektrische Maschinen
EP3389058A1 (fr) * 2017-04-10 2018-10-17 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Bande anti-effluves pour machine électrique haute tension
EP3716290A1 (fr) * 2019-03-28 2020-09-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Formulation pour un système d'isolation, système d'isolation correspondant et machine électrique avec système d'isolation

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EP3996113A1 (fr) 2022-05-11
CN116368183A (zh) 2023-06-30
US20240006948A1 (en) 2024-01-04

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