EP4182385A1 - Photopolymerisierbare zusammensetzung für die additive fertigung - Google Patents
Photopolymerisierbare zusammensetzung für die additive fertigungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4182385A1 EP4182385A1 EP21742049.6A EP21742049A EP4182385A1 EP 4182385 A1 EP4182385 A1 EP 4182385A1 EP 21742049 A EP21742049 A EP 21742049A EP 4182385 A1 EP4182385 A1 EP 4182385A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- additive manufacturing
- metal fluoride
- photopolymerizable
- fluoride
- shaped body
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
- B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
- B22C1/20—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents
- B22C1/22—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins
- B22C1/2206—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents of organic agents of resins or rosins obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- B22C1/222—Polyacrylates
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
- B22C9/061—Materials which make up the mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/53—Phosphorus bound to oxygen bound to oxygen and to carbon only
- C08K5/5397—Phosphine oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/162—Calcium, strontium or barium halides, e.g. calcium, strontium or barium chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/16—Halogen-containing compounds
- C08K2003/166—Magnesium halide, e.g. magnesium chloride
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K2201/00—Specific properties of additives
- C08K2201/002—Physical properties
- C08K2201/005—Additives being defined by their particle size in general
Definitions
- Photopolymerizable Composition for Additive Manufacturing The present invention relates to the use of a photopolymerizable, filler-containing composition in additive manufacturing.
- photopolymerizable compositions for the additive manufacturing of moldings.
- additive manufacturing processes are divided into different categories.
- One of these additive manufacturing processes is vat photopolymerization, in which a liquid building material in a container or vat is cured in layers in predefined areas by photopolymerization using a suitable radiation source.
- Another additive manufacturing process that uses photopolymerizable compositions is the material jetting process. In this case, the photopolymerizable composition is applied in the form of droplets in layers in predefined areas via nozzles and cured.
- DLP method digital light processing method
- CLIP method continuous liquid interface production method
- 2PP process Two-photon polymerization process
- Photopolymerizable compounds are monomers and/or oligomers that polymerize upon exposure to a suitable radiation source.
- Known photopolymerizable compounds are, in particular, acrylates, methacrylates, epoxides, oxetanes, vinyl ethers, propenyl ethers or photopolymerizable mixtures of thiols and alkenes (“thiol-ene photopolymerization”).
- thiol-ene photopolymerization thiol-ene photopolymerization
- At least some of the photopolymerizable compounds used can have a functionality F>3.
- fillers can be added to the photopolymerizable composition used for additive manufacturing in order to reduce shrinkage during curing and to influence the mechanical, thermal or electrical properties of the additively manufactured molding. It may be necessary for this to add the filler to the photopolymerizable composition in a fairly high concentration.
- a particular problem is that the filler particles can interact with the incident light through absorption and scattering. This limits the penetration depth of the light. This can result in areas in which the dose of incident light is no longer sufficient to fully cure the photopolymerizable composition. This leads to a significant reduction in the curable layer thickness. It is known that the interaction between the incident light and the filler can be reduced and thus the transparency of the photopolymerizable composition can be increased if the refractive indices of the filler and the composition surrounding the filler particles are matched to one another and/or the filler is in the form of nanoparticles . See eg G. Taormina et al.
- Moldings may be exposed to certain thermal loads, such as thermal cycling loads. These thermal stresses, especially when temperatures vary greatly, lead to mechanical stresses that can damage the molded body (e.g. through cracking, etc.).
- Casting molds e.g. molds for injection molding
- an injection mold should have high mechanical strength and high dimensional stability over as long a period as possible.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a photopolymerizable composition capable of efficiently producing a molded article by additive manufacturing.
- the photopolymerizable composition should be curable well even at high filler concentration and lead to a molded body that is suitable for applications under high or frequent thermal cycling.
- the object is achieved by a method for producing a shaped body, the shaped body being produced by additive manufacturing from a composition which contains a photopolymerizable compound and a particulate metal fluoride, the metal fluoride being an alkaline earth metal fluoride or an aluminum fluoride.
- the particulate alkaline earth metal fluoride or aluminum fluoride is present in the composition in a relatively high concentration and has particle sizes in the ⁇ m range.
- the moldings produced using the method according to the invention have high thermal shock resistance and are therefore suitable for use in areas in which the moldings are exposed to high or frequent thermal cycling stresses.
- additive manufacturing is a process in which the shaped body (i.e. the component) is built up layer by layer on the basis of digital 3D design data.
- additive manufacturing processes in which the shaped body is obtained by photopolymerization of a photopolymerizable composition are known to those skilled in the art.
- the additive manufacturing process is a tub
- the photopolymerizable composition is placed in a tank and is cured in layers in predefined areas by exposure to a light source.
- the photopolymerizable composition is applied in layers in the form of droplets in predefined areas and cured by exposure to a light source.
- the tub photopolymerization is, for example, stereolithography, a digital light processing method (DLP method), a “continuous liquid interface production” method (CLIP method), a two- photon polymerization process (2PP process) or an LCD resin print.
- a laser beam traces the contour of the respective cross section on the surface of a bath containing a photopolymerizable compound. Polymerization takes place in the irradiated areas and thus the formation of a solid.
- DLP digital light processing
- stereolithography in which the construction area surface is exposed point-by-point or line-by-line with a laser beam, the construction area is exposed over a large area at once. The exposure takes place through a large number of electronically controlled micromirrors.
- An oxygen-permeable membrane is used in the "Continuous Liquid Interface Production” (CLIP) process. This generates a so-called “dead zone” in which the photopolymerizable compound does not polymerize.
- CLIP Continuous Liquid Interface Production
- the CLIP process can be carried out continuously and thus enables a very high production speed.
- composition used in the method of the invention contains one or more photopolymerizable compounds.
- photopolymerizable compounds are monomers and/or oligomers which polymerize and cure when irradiated with a suitable radiation source (eg UV light).
- suitable photopolymerizable compounds are known to those skilled in the art and are commercially available.
- the photopolymerizable compound is an acrylic acid ester ("acrylate"), a methacrylic acid ester ("methacrylate”), an acrylic acid amide, a methacrylic acid amide, a urethane, an epoxide, a siloxane, an oxetane, a vinyl ether, a propenyl ether or a photopolymerizable mixture of one or more thiols and one or more alkenes.
- the photopolymerizable compound may be present as a monomer or in the form of an oligomer.
- At least some of the photopolymerizable compounds used can have a functionality F>3.
- the molecules of a compound with a functionality F>3 each have a number of functional groups through which covalent bonds to at least three other molecules (of the same compound or a different compound) can be formed.
- the shaped body can be subjected to a post-treatment (e.g. a thermal post-treatment and/or a post-treatment by a light source, in particular a UV light source) in order to bring about as complete a curing of the shaped body as possible.
- a post-treatment e.g. a thermal post-treatment and/or a post-treatment by a light source, in particular a UV light source
- the photopolymerizable composition used in the method according to the invention contains a particulate alkaline earth metal fluoride or a particulate aluminum fluoride or a mixture of these metal fluorides.
- the alkaline earth metal fluoride is preferably a calcium fluoride (e.g. CaF2), a magnesium fluoride (e.g. MgF2) or a mixture of these fluorides.
- the median value dso of the volume-weighted particle size distribution of the metal fluoride can be varied over a wide range.
- the median value dso is 20 nm to 200 pm.
- the median value dso of the metal fluoride is 0.5 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the volume-weighted particle size distribution and thus the median value dso is determined by laser diffraction. The evaluation is carried out using the Mie theory.
- the composition contains the particulate metal fluoride, for example, in a concentration of 1% to 80% by weight, more preferably 10% to 60% by weight.
- Alkaline earth metal fluorides and aluminum fluoride are commercially available.
- a specific mean particle size can be set using known standard methods, for example by grinding and/or separating off specific particle size fractions (e.g. by sieving).
- the particulate metal fluoride can be dispersed in the polymerizable composition by known methods. The dispersing should preferably be carried out in such a way that the particulate metal fluoride is distributed as homogeneously as possible in the composition.
- the composition can optionally contain a photoinitiator. Suitable photoinitiators for the photopolymerization are known to those skilled in the art.
- the photoinitiator is, for example, a radical photoinitiator (i.e., a photoinitiator for radical polymerization), a cationic photoinitiator (i.e., a photoinitiator for cationic polymerization), or an anionic photoinitiator (i.e., a photoinitiator for anionic polymerization).
- a radical photoinitiator i.e., a photoinitiator for radical polymerization
- a cationic photoinitiator i.e., a photoinitiator for cationic polymerization
- an anionic photoinitiator i.e., a photoinitiator for anionic polymerization
- the moldings produced using the method according to the invention have high thermal shock resistance and are therefore suitable for use in areas in which they are exposed to high or frequent thermal shock loads. This hits for example towards moldings that are used as a mold in a casting process.
- the present invention therefore also relates to a shaped body which can be obtained by the process described above and has at least one cavity.
- the present invention relates to the use of this shaped body as a casting mold, for example as an injection mold.
- the shaped body containing metal fluoride is used as a casting mold for metal casting of low-melting metals and alloys, for wax injection molding, for the production of fiber-reinforced plastics, for reaction injection molding (RIM) or reinforced reaction injection molding (RRIM). used.
- RIM reaction injection molding
- RRIM reinforced reaction injection molding
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a workpiece, in which a melt (e.g. a polymer-containing melt or a melt of a low-melting metal) is poured into the cavity of the molded body described above and solidified by cooling.
- a melt e.g. a polymer-containing melt or a melt of a low-melting metal
- Example EB1 according to the invention and comparative example VB1 are identical to Example EB1 according to the invention and comparative example VB1
- Identical photopolymerizable starting compositions containing an acrylate resin and diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)phosphine oxide (TPO) as photoinitiator were used in EB1 and VB1.
- compositions used in EB1 and VB1 had the viscosities given in Table 1. TABLE 1 Viscosities of the photopolymerizable compositions used in EB1 and VB1
- the photopolymerizable composition used in EB1 had a high filler content (44% by weight), it had a viscosity that subsequently enabled problem-free additive manufacturing of a molded article by stereolithography.
- a molding was produced additively from the acrylate resin formulations of examples EB1 and VB1 in each case by stereolithography under identical process conditions.
- the moldings each had a cavity, so that they could in principle be used as a casting mold.
- the following 3D printer was used: "Form 2" Stereolithography (SLA) 3D printer from Formlabs GmbH.
- SLA Stereolithography
- the printer works with a laser diode with a wavelength of 405 nm.
- a photopolymerizable acrylate resin was used for the additive manufacturing of a molded body.
- the acrylate resin contained an inorganic filler which, however, was not a metal fluoride.
- the filler content was 2% by weight.
- the acrylate resin contained no filler.
- a molding was produced additively from the acrylate resin formulations of examples VB2 and VB3 in each case by stereolithography under identical process conditions as in EB1.
- the moldings each had a cavity, so that in principle they could be used as a casting mold.
- the 3D printer that was also used in EB1 was used. After the additive manufacturing of the moldings, they were first cleaned with 2-propanol and then post-treated with UV light for a total of 120 minutes (60 minutes at room temperature and 60 minutes at 60°C) to fully cure them.
- CTE linear thermal expansion coefficients
- Table 2 Properties of the moldings produced in EB1, VB2 and VB3
- the additively manufactured metal fluoride-containing molding (example EB1 according to the invention) has very advantageous mechanical properties (high modulus of elasticity) and very advantageous thermal properties (high thermal conductivity and relatively low thermal expansion coefficients).
- the photopolymerizable composition used in EB1 has a very high content of CaF2 filler (44% by weight), a shaped body with a high modulus of elasticity is obtained after additive manufacturing by stereolithography.
- the additively manufactured molded body containing metal fluoride is very well suited as a mold in a casting process, as evidenced by the high number of injection molding cycles performed.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102020118845.5A DE102020118845A1 (de) | 2020-07-16 | 2020-07-16 | Photopolymerisierbare Zusammensetzung für die additive Fertigung |
| PCT/EP2021/067763 WO2022012915A1 (de) | 2020-07-16 | 2021-06-29 | Photopolymerisierbare zusammensetzung für die additive fertigung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP4182385A1 true EP4182385A1 (de) | 2023-05-24 |
Family
ID=76920742
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP21742049.6A Pending EP4182385A1 (de) | 2020-07-16 | 2021-06-29 | Photopolymerisierbare zusammensetzung für die additive fertigung |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4182385A1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102020118845A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2022012915A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3001616A1 (de) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-07-23 | ESPE Fabrik pharmazeutischer Präparate GmbH, 8031 Seefeld | Verfahren zur herstellung von zahnersatzteilen durch photopolymerisieren einer verformbaren masse |
| US10588725B2 (en) | 2014-11-04 | 2020-03-17 | Dws S.R.L. | Stereolithographic method and composition |
| US10329428B2 (en) | 2014-11-12 | 2019-06-25 | Nippon Electric Glass Co., Ltd. | Resin composition for three-dimensional modeling, method for manufacturing three-dimensional modeled object, and inorganic filler particles |
| CN109232776A (zh) * | 2017-07-10 | 2019-01-18 | 四川大学 | 基于上转换材料的光引发剂复合物及其制备方法和应用 |
| US11827796B2 (en) | 2018-04-16 | 2023-11-28 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Curable resin composition for three-dimensional shaping and method of manufacturing three-dimensionally shaped product |
| WO2020046687A1 (en) | 2018-08-31 | 2020-03-05 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Additive manufacturing method for making non-oxide ceramic articles, and aerogels, xerogels, and porous ceramic articles |
-
2020
- 2020-07-16 DE DE102020118845.5A patent/DE102020118845A1/de active Pending
-
2021
- 2021-06-29 WO PCT/EP2021/067763 patent/WO2022012915A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2021-06-29 EP EP21742049.6A patent/EP4182385A1/de active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102020118845A1 (de) | 2022-01-20 |
| WO2022012915A1 (de) | 2022-01-20 |
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