EP4180602B1 - Door hinge with fire protection element - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a door hinge with a first and a second fastening part and with at least one joint bracket which connects the fastening parts to one another in a pivotable manner, with at least one of the fastening parts having upper and lower receiving elements which form a receiving space and on which the at least one joint bow is rotatably mounted.

It is known from practice to design doors to be fireproof. Such fire protection relates, on the one hand, to the door leaf, which is either made of a heat-resistant material or contains materials that have a self-extinguishing effect and, in the event of heat, cooling materials such as. B. release water to prevent the fire from spreading over a longer period of time. Particularly well-known in this context is plaster, which can be placed inside the door leaf, for example.

In addition, it is of particular interest to prevent gases from passing between the door joints. These gases can be atmospheric oxygen on the one hand and smoke gases on the other. While the entry of atmospheric oxygen would fuel the fire, the development of smoke gas can prevent any escape routes from being passed through. Against this background, it is known to provide so-called fire protection elements in the form of fire protection strips on the narrow sides of the door leaf or in the rebate of the door frame, which foam in the event of heat development and thereby seal the door gap between the door leaf and the door frame. In the course of foaming, a so-called expansion pressure develops, which is usually between one and 1.5 N/mm ² in the joint closed.

However, such an effective closure between the door leaf and the door frame requires that the door leaf is held mechanically over a long period of time, even in the event of heat development, so that the door hinges are also particularly important.

For example, nowadays a large number of door hinges are made from so-called die-cast zinc, which can be designed in a simple manner, but whose melting point can easily be exceeded at 650 °C in the event of a fire. As a result, the door hinge at least partially melts, so that the required mechanical stability can no longer be guaranteed under certain circumstances.

Due to the large number of components and in particular due to the pivotable design, the door hinge also forms a large number of joints, which cannot completely prevent the passage of gases. Against this background, it is therefore advisable to also provide fire protection measures for the door hinges.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of providing a door hinge which is characterized by improved fire protection compared to previous solutions. In addition, the fire protection of doors with such door hinges should also be improved.

This object is achieved by a door hinge according to claim 1. Accordingly, at least one of the receiving elements has a receiving formation that is open in the direction of the receiving space, in which a material formed from a material that foams under the influence of heat Fire protection element is arranged.

The invention is based on the knowledge that the receiving elements are usually formed or arranged in the fastening parts in such a way that the introduction of an exceptional shape is easily possible. This space can then be used for a fire protection element, which is held by the exception formation and at the same time ensures that the at least one hinge bracket can easily pivot over the formation and thus also over the fire protection material.

At the same time, by forming a special area, it can be ensured that a sufficient amount of the foaming material can be introduced into the receiving elements or into the corresponding receiving element, which then foams in the event of heat and in particular foams the receiving areas of the joint brackets. The gaps are then sealed tightly, which on the one hand prevents the passage of gases and at the same time, even in the event of the door hinges melting in some areas, the hinge brackets are held in such a way that the door leaf remains within the door frame for as long as possible. In addition to fire protection elements between the door leaf and door frame, a door can be created that can withstand one-sided heat exposure for as long as possible and at the same time allows access to escape routes.

Such a design is of course particularly advantageous if the door leaf is also made of a fire-retardant material. But even in the case of a wooden door, a higher fire protection class can be achieved. It should be noted that the fire protection classification is not based on individual components but rather aimed at the overall door system. The longer the period in which the door withstands fire, the higher the fire protection classification. Nevertheless, individual components can of course contribute to a higher fire protection classification. Due to the improved fire protection of the door hinge, a higher fire protection classification of the entire door system is also possible.

The form-fitting formation can fundamentally be designed in different ways. For example, it is sufficient if ribs are provided in the surface of the corresponding receiving element facing the hinge bracket, which then form a lateral boundary for the fire protection element. The embossing of such ribs is particularly advantageous when the receiving elements are essentially formed as formed parts made of sheet metal and thus have a correspondingly small wall thickness.

Alternatively, however, according to a preferred embodiment, it is provided that the exception formation is designed as a recess. In the context of the invention, such a recess means a recess in the receiving element starting from a surface facing the joint brackets. Such a configuration is particularly useful if the receiving element is not a formed part but, for example, a die-cast part, e.g. B. zinc die-cast part is formed. As a result, additional material savings can be achieved through the depression.

The height of this depression depends in particular on the available total height of the receiving element and, according to a preferred embodiment, is between 2 and 10 mm, preferably between 3 and 8 mm. The base area of the depression can be between 20 and 80%, preferably between 30 and 70%, particularly preferably between 40 and 60%, of the surface of the respective receiving element, referring to a projected surface of the receiving element without including bevels or openings. Furthermore, it is of course within the scope of the invention that different receiving elements also have recesses of different sizes.

In contrast to the design with ribs, such a design has the advantage that the receiving elements have a substantially smooth surface, whereby the movement of the joint brackets can be controlled in a simple manner and grinding on the surface of the receiving element can be prevented.

According to a preferred development of the invention, it is provided that the fire protection element, in a non-foamed state, borders flush with a surface of the receiving element adjacent to the recess. It is understood that the adjacent surface is the surface of the receiving element, which delimits the receiving space. The flush design ensures that the available space in the recess is utilized in the best possible way, while at the same time the flush design ensures that the joint brackets can be guided along the surface without interference. Since such designs are usually subject to a certain manufacturing tolerance, in the context of the invention a flush design means that at least a tolerance of +/- 5%, based on the height of the recess, is still understood as a flush design.

Although it is sufficient within the scope of the invention if only one of the receiving elements has such a receiving formation and one therein arranged fire protection element is formed, then according to a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that a receiving formation and a fire protection element arranged in the receiving formation are provided in the upper and lower receiving elements.

In the event of a fire, all fire protection elements foam up and stabilize the joint brackets on all mounts, ensuring the greatest possible mechanical stabilization. At the same time, due to the multiple arrangement of fire protection elements, complete foam filling of the cavities within the door hinge can be realized much more easily than in a design in which only individual receiving elements are equipped with a receiving formation and a fire protection element arranged therein.

In particular, all common materials known from practice can be considered as fire protection elements, with it preferably being provided that the fire protection element arranged in the receiving mold starts at a temperature of more than 130 ° C, particularly preferably at a temperature of more than 150 ° C to foam up.

The fastening parts are preferably at least partially formed from a zinc die-cast. This applies in particular to the base bodies of the fastening parts, in which the receiving elements are then preferably arranged as a separate component. Of course, it is also due to the invention that the receiving elements are designed in one piece with the base bodies, whereby in the case of a separate design the receiving elements can also be manufactured as a zinc die-cast part.

As already explained above, the particular advantage of zinc die-cast parts is The reason is that the shape can be specified in a simple manner, so that a variety of design forms are conceivable. However, such zinc die-cast parts have a low melting point compared to stainless steel or aluminum components, so that such door hinges can only be described as heat-resistant to a limited extent. In combination with the fire protection elements according to the invention, a door hinge can still be created which is characterized on the one hand by a high-quality visual appearance and a high level of functionality and at the same time by increased fire protection resistance, since the foaming fire protection elements continue to provide a certain mechanical stability and sufficient despite melting fasteners Gas sealing is made possible.

This advantage is particularly effective with door hinges that are concealed between the door leaf and the door frame. For this purpose, the fastening parts can then be inserted into recesses in the narrow side of the door leaf and in the reveal side of the door frame.

According to such an embodiment, it can be provided that at least a first and a second joint bracket are provided, which are rotatably connected to one another about a vertical axis of rotation. Furthermore, the first hinge bracket can be slidably mounted in the upper and lower receiving elements of the first fastening part. This applies equally to the second joint bracket in the second fastening part. Such a design then usually provides receiving elements in both fastening parts, although it is generally sufficient if only the receiving elements of one fastening part are designed with recesses and fire protection elements. However, all receiving elements or the upper and lower elements of both fastening parts preferably have a corresponding receiving shape, so that at least four fire protection elements are then provided in the door hinge. The design of the recess can differ between the fastening parts.

Based on an embodiment for a concealed arrangement of the door hinge, the hinge brackets are arranged in a closed state in the receiving spaces of the individual fastening parts and are therefore not visible from the outside. Such a configuration can be achieved using different kinematics, with the first joint bracket preferably being displaceably mounted in the upper and lower receiving elements of the first fastening part. For this purpose, the first joint bracket is rotatably guided via a link guide in the upper and lower receiving elements of the first fastening part, the link guide each being formed from a groove formed in the fastening parts and a guide carriage which is displaceably arranged in the groove and which is connected to the first one via a hinge pin Joint bracket is connected.

A purely rotatable arrangement of the first joint bracket then results in the second fastening part. The second joint bracket can basically be arranged in the fastening parts in a similar way to the first joint bow, which is then mounted in the second fastening part in a displaceable and rotatable manner. According to a preferred embodiment, however, it is provided that the second joint bracket is connected from two joint bracket parts which are connected one behind the other in a rotationally movable manner, the first joint bracket part being rotatably mounted in the first and the second fastening part in the second fastening part and not being mounted in a longitudinally displaceable manner.

According to a further development of the invention, the receiving elements are at least partially detachably fastened in one of the fastening parts. This is It is particularly possible to first attach the joint brackets to the receiving elements, with the joint brackets then being fastened to the receiving elements in the base bodies of the fastening parts. At the same time, adjustment mechanisms can also be provided on the receiving elements or on the connection between the receiving elements and the base body, which enable the fastening parts to be adjusted relative to one another in different spatial directions. Even with such an adjustable design, the arrangement of the fire protection elements in the receiving spaces is particularly advantageous, since even in the event of adjustment there is no relative movement between the fire protection elements and the joint brackets and thus the movement of the joint brackets is not affected.

According to a further development of the invention, the door hinge has an opening angle of at least 135°, preferably of at least 160°, starting from a closed position until a maximum opening position is reached.

In addition, it is preferably provided that during an opening movement from the closed position to the open position, the joint brackets rotate in a first direction of rotation relative to the first fastening part and the second fastening part also rotates in the first direction of rotation relative to the joint brackets.

The invention furthermore relates to a door with a door leaf, a door frame and at least one door hinge according to the invention, the door leaf being pivotably attached to the door frame via the door hinge, the first fastening part in a recess in a narrow side of the door leaf and the second fastening part in one Recess is inserted in the reveal side of the door frame.

It is preferably provided that the door frame has a fold on which the door leaf rests in a closed position and a fire protection strip made of a material that foams under the influence of heat and running in a vertical direction is arranged on a side of the fold facing the door leaf. The fire protection strip can be the same material that is also provided for the fire protection element within the door hinges. In the event of a fire, both the material in the door hinge and the material in the rebate foam and seal the cavities between the door leaf and the door frame, which in particular prevents the passage of smoke gas and/or atmospheric oxygen. In addition, the material arranged in the fold also contributes to mechanical stabilization of the door leaf in the door frame.

Although in principle different materials can be considered for both the door leaf and the door frame depending on the desired visual appearance or fire resistance, the door leaf and/or the door frame are at least partially made of wood.

In addition, according to a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that two identically designed door hinges are arranged one above the other in the vertical direction. If it is a particularly heavy door leaf, it may also make sense to provide more than two door hinges arranged one above the other, for example three door hinges, as this allows the weight to be transferred more evenly to the door frame.

Fig. 1

eine Tür mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Türband,

Fig. 2

das erfindungsgemäße Türband in einer Schnittdarstellung und

Fig. 3a, 3b

Aufnahmeelemente des erfindungsgemäßen Türbandes mit und ohne Brandschutzelement.

The invention is explained in more detail below using exemplary embodiments. Show it:

Fig. 1

a door with a door hinge according to the invention,

Fig. 2

the door hinge according to the invention in a sectional view and

Fig. 3a, 3b

Receiving elements of the door hinge according to the invention with and without fire protection element.

The Fig. 1 shows a door consisting of a door leaf 1, a door frame 2 and a door hinge 3, which connects the door leaf 1 with the door frame 2 in a pivotable manner. The door frame 2 also has a fold 4, which extends in the vertical direction Z and the door leaf 1 adjoins this fold 4 in a closed position. A fire protection strip 5 is also arranged on the fold 4, which extends in the vertical direction Z and is therefore arranged in a closed state in a space between the fold 4 and the door leaf 2. The fire protection strip 5 is formed from a material that foams under the influence of heat, so that in the event of heat development, the fire protection strip 5 foams and closes the space between the fold 4 and the door leaf 1.

The door hinge 3 has a wing-side, first fastening part 6 and a frame-side, second fastening part 7, which are inserted into recesses 8 in the narrow side of the door leaf 1 and in the door frame 2.

The door hinge 3 also has a first hinge bracket 9 and a second hinge bracket 10, which are rotatably connected to one another about a vertical axis of rotation D. This rotatable connection is shown in particular from a comparative view with the Fig. 2 clearly. It is clear that the second joint bracket 10 is formed from a first joint bracket element 10a and a second joint bracket element 10b, which are also are rotatably connected to each other via a vertical axis of rotation.

Both the first fastening part 6 and the second fastening part 7 each have an upper receiving element 11a, 11b and a lower receiving element 12a, 12b, the upper receiving element 11a and the lower receiving element 12a having a first receiving space 13a of the first fastening part 6 and the upper receiving element 11b and the lower receiving element 12b define a second receiving space 13b of the second fastening part 7, in which the joint brackets 9, 10 are arranged in a closed position.

The receiving elements 11a, 11b, 12a, 12b are intended in particular to mount the joint brackets 9, 10 on the fastening parts 6, 7 so that they can rotate. For this purpose, the receiving elements 11a, 12a of the first fastening part and the receiving elements 11b, 12b of the second fastening part 7 are designed to be mirror-symmetrical to one another, with the individual joint brackets 9, 10 being supported in different ways. This is particularly clear from the Fig. 2 , which shows a cross section through the door hinge 3 according to the invention in an isolated representation and with a view of the lower receiving elements 12a, 12b.

It is clear from this that the receiving elements 12a, 12b are designed as separate components and are releasably attached to a corresponding base body 14a, 14b of the corresponding fastening part 6, 7. The attachment can also be provided with an adjustment mechanism which enables movement of the second fastening part 7 relative to the first fastening part 6 and accordingly moves the door leaf 2 within the frame 1 in a vertical direction or in a horizontal direction.

The joint brackets 9, 10 are mounted on the receiving elements 11b, 12b of the second fastening part 7 in an exclusively rotatable manner, while the receiving elements 11a, 12a of the first fastening part 6 provide for longitudinal displaceability of the first joint bracket 9. For this purpose, a link guide consisting of a groove 15 and a guide carriage 16 arranged displaceably in the groove is provided, the first joint bracket 9 being rotatably attached to the guide carriage 16.

Since a certain vertical extension of the receiving elements 11a, 12a is already required for the groove 15, this also makes it possible to provide a further recess 17a. A corresponding recess 17a is then also provided in the upper receiving element 11a. This depression is a receiving formation, the functionality of which will be explained in more detail at a later date.

The Fig. 3a, 3b show an example of the lower receiving element 12a of the first fastening part, from which on the one hand the groove 15 with the guide carriage 16 and on the other hand the receiving formation in the form of the recess 17a is shown in more detail. According to the invention, the recess serves to accommodate a fire protection element 18, which is formed from a material that foams under the influence of heat and is preferably flush with a surface 19 adjacent to the receiving space 13a.

All recesses 17a, 17b are designed in such a way that they are open relative to the receiving spaces 13a, 13b, so that in the event of a fire, the fire protection element 18 can foam up, enter the recesses 17a, 17b into the receiving spaces 13a, 13b and fill them. This ensures that even if the mechanical stability of the individual fastening parts 6, 7, which are made from die-cast zinc, is lost Articulated brackets 9, 10 can be held for as long as possible, so that in interaction with the fire protection strip 5, on the one hand, sufficient sealing is ensured and, on the other hand, the door leaf 1 can be held within the door frame 2 for a long period of time. Typically, both the fire protection strip 5 and the fire protection element 18 are made of a material that begins to foam at a temperature of approximately 130 ° C, so that the desired effect can occur at an early stage.

Claims (15)

1. A door hinge (3) comprising a first and a second fastening part (6, 7) as well as comprising at least one joint bracket (9, 10), which connects the fastening parts to one another in a pivotably movable manner, wherein at least one of the fastening parts (6, 7) has an upper and lower receiving element (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), which forms a receiving space (13a, 13b) and on which the at least one joint bracket (9, 10) is mounted in a rotatably movable manner,
   characterized in that
   at least one of the receiving elements (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) has a receiving molding, which is open in the direction of the receiving space (13a, 13b) and in which a fire protection element (18) is arranged, which is made of a material, which foams under the effect of heat.
2. The door hinge (3) according to claim 1, characterized in that the receiving molding is formed as depression (17a, 17b).
3. The door hinge (3) according to claim 2, characterized in that in a non-foamed state, the fire protection element (18) adjoins flush on an area (19) of the receiving element (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), which adjoins the depression (17a, 17b).
4. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a receiving molding and a fire protection element (18) arranged in the receiving molding is in each case provided in the upper and the lower receiving element (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b).
5. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the fire protection element (18) arranged in the receiving molding foams at a temperature of more than 130°C, preferably more than 150°C.
6. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the fastening parts (6, 7) are at least partially made of a zinc die casting.
7. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the fastening parts (6, 7) can be inserted in recesses (8) in the narrow side of a door leaf (1), and in the soffit side of a door frame (2).
8. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at least a first and a second joint bracket (9, 10) are provided, which are connected to one another in a rotationally movable manner about a vertical axis of rotation (D).
9. The door hinge (3) according to claim 8, characterized in that the first joint bracket (9) is displaceably mounted in the upper and the lower receiving element (11a, 12a) of the first fastening part (6).
10. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the receiving elements (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) are at least partially releasably fastened to a base body (14a, 14b) of the fastening parts (6, 7).
11. The door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in a closed position, the joint brackets (9, 10) are arranged essentially in receiving spaces (13a, 13b) of the fastening parts (6, 7).
12. A door comprising a door leaf (1), a door frame (2) and at least one door hinge (3) according to one of claims 1 to 11, via which door hinge the door leaf (2) is fastened to the door frame (1) in a pivotably movable manner, wherein the first fastening part (6) is inserted in a recess (8) in a narrow side of the door leaf (1), and the second fastening part (7) in a recess (8) in a soffit side of the door frame (2).
13. The door according to claim 12, characterized in that the door frame (2) has a rabbet (4), against which the door leaf (1) abuts in a closed position and wherein a fire protection strip (5), which runs in the vertical direction (Z), of a material, which foams under the effect of heat, is arranged on a side of the rabbet (4) facing the door leaf (1).
14. The door according to claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the door leaf (1) and/or the door frame (2) are at least partially made of wood.
15. The door according to one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that at least two identically formed door hinges (3) are arranged one on top of the other in the vertical direction (Z).

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