EP4170265A1 - Kältekreislaufvorrichtung - Google Patents

Kältekreislaufvorrichtung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4170265A1
EP4170265A1 EP20940660.2A EP20940660A EP4170265A1 EP 4170265 A1 EP4170265 A1 EP 4170265A1 EP 20940660 A EP20940660 A EP 20940660A EP 4170265 A1 EP4170265 A1 EP 4170265A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
expansion valve
opening degree
downstream
upstream
refrigerant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20940660.2A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4170265A4 (de
Inventor
Yuki Mori
Masashi Fujitsuka
Takahiro Nakai
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mitsubishi Electric Corp filed Critical Mitsubishi Electric Corp
Publication of EP4170265A1 publication Critical patent/EP4170265A1/de
Publication of EP4170265A4 publication Critical patent/EP4170265A4/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F11/00—Control or safety arrangements
    • F24F11/70—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof
    • F24F11/80—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air
    • F24F11/83—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers
    • F24F11/84—Control systems characterised by their outputs; Constructional details thereof for controlling the temperature of the supplied air by controlling the supply of heat-exchange fluids to heat-exchangers using valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
    • F25B41/39—Dispositions with two or more expansion means arranged in series, i.e. multi-stage expansion, on a refrigerant line leading to the same evaporator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/16—Receivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1931—Discharge pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/19—Pressures
    • F25B2700/193—Pressures of the compressor
    • F25B2700/1933—Suction pressures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
    • F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
    • F25B2700/21—Temperatures
    • F25B2700/2116—Temperatures of a condenser
    • F25B2700/21163—Temperatures of a condenser of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/70—Efficient control or regulation technologies, e.g. for control of refrigerant flow, motor or heating

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus provided with a receiver that stores liquid refrigerant.
  • Some refrigeration cycle apparatuses have a refrigerant circuit which includes an upstream expansion valve, a receiver configured to store liquid refrigerant, and a downstream expansion valve, and in which the degree of subcooling is controlled by the upstream expansion valve and the degree of suction superheat is controlled by the downstream expansion valve.
  • certain refrigeration cycle apparatuses include a liquid storage determination module that determines whether or not liquid refrigerant is stored in the receiver (see Patent Literature 1, for example).
  • Patent Literature 1 Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication JP 2019- 148 395 A
  • the present invention is applied to solve the above problem, and relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus capable of reducing an unnecessary variation of the amount of liquid refrigerant in a receiver to avoid deterioration of a control performance.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a refrigerant circuit in which a compressor configured to compress refrigerant, a condenser, a receiver configured to store the refrigerant, and an evaporator are connected by pipes.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes: an upstream expansion valve whose opening degree is variable and which is provided between the condenser and the receiver in the refrigerant circuit; a downstream expansion valve whose opening degree is variable and which is provided between the receiver and the evaporator in the refrigerant circuit; and a controller configured to control the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve and the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve.
  • the controller is configured to: compute the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve and a provisional opening degree of the upstream expansion valve; compute a correction value for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve based on at least a difference between the computed opening degree of the downstream expansion valve and an opening degree thereof that is being set; and perform a control to set the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve to the computed opening degree of the downstream expansion valve and to set the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve to an opening degree obtained by correcting the computed provisional opening degree of the upstream expansion valve by the correction value, in conjunction with the downstream expansion valve.
  • the correction value for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve or a correction change amount of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve, which is a difference between the computed correction value and a previous correction value, is a value having a same sign as the difference between the opening degrees of the downstream expansion valve.
  • the upstream expansion valve when the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve is changed to the computed opening degree, the upstream expansion valve is controlled to have an opening degree corrected by a correction value computed based on the difference between the opening degree between the downstream expansion valve, and the correction value or an amount of correction change has the same sign as the difference between the opening degrees of the downstream expansion valve.
  • the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve is changed to the computed opening degree, the variation of the amount of the liquid refrigerant on the upstream side and the downstream side of the receiver is reduced, whereby the variation of the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver is reduced.
  • the amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit can be controlled using the liquid refrigerant stored in the receiver under the control of the upstream expansion valve and the downstream expansion valve, and thus deterioration of the control performance of the upstream expansion valve and the downstream expansion valve can thus be avoided.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 according to each of embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • components that are the same as or equivalent to those in a previous figure or previous figures are denoted by the same reference signs, and the same is true of the entire text of the specification.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 according to Embodiment 1.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes a controller 2, a compressor 3, a condenser 4, an upstream expansion valve 5, a receiver 6, a downstream expansion valve 7, and an evaporator 8.
  • the compressor 3, the condenser 4, the upstream expansion valve 5, the receiver 6, the downstream expansion valve 7, and the evaporator 8 are connected by pipes 9, whereby a refrigerant circuit 10 is formed.
  • refrigerant circuit 10 refrigerant flows.
  • Solid arrows in FIG. 1 indicate flow directions of the refrigerant. The following description is made by referring to by way of example the case where the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is an air-conditioning apparatus, but the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is not limited to the air-conditioning apparatus.
  • the compressor 3 compresses and discharges sucked refrigerant.
  • the compressor 3 may be, for example, a compressor whose capacity (amount of refrigerant to be fed per unit time) is changed when the driving frequency is arbitrarily changed by an inverter circuit (not illustrated).
  • the condenser 4 is provided on the discharge side of the compressor 3.
  • the condenser 4 causes heat exchange to be performed between the refrigerant and air, thereby condensing the refrigerant to liquefy the refrigerant and heat the air.
  • the upstream expansion valve 5 is provided at the pipe 9 between the condenser 4 and the receiver 6 in the refrigerant circuit 10.
  • the upstream expansion valve 5 is an expansion valve whose opening degree can be changed, such as an electronic expansion valve, and adjusts the pressure and the flow rate of the refrigerant.
  • the receiver 6 is a refrigerant container that stores the refrigerant.
  • the receiver 6 is provided at the pipe 9 between the condenser 4 and the evaporator 8, and stores liquid refrigerant that is left as surplus refrigerant during operation. That is, the receiver 6 is configured to store liquid refrigerant that flows out of the condenser 4.
  • the downstream expansion valve 7 is provided at the pipe 9 between the receiver 6 and the evaporator 8 in the refrigerant circuit 10.
  • the downstream expansion valve 7 is an expansion valve whose opening degree can be changed, such as an electronic expansion valve, and adjusts the pressure and the flow rate of the refrigerant.
  • the evaporator 8 is provided at the pipe 9 on the suction side of the compressor 3. The evaporator 8 causes heat exchange between the refrigerant and air, thereby evaporating and gasifying the refrigerant and cool the air.
  • the receiver 6 is provided at the pipe 9 between the upstream expansion valve 5 and the downstream expansion valve 7, and has a configuration in which the amount of liquid refrigerant which returns from the receiver 6 to the pipe 9 and the amount of liquid refrigerant which flows from the pipe 9 into the receiver 6 and stays in the receiver 6 are changed depending on the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 and that of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes, for example, a discharge temperature sensor 11, an outlet temperature sensor 12, a high-pressure sensor 13, a low-pressure sensor 14, etc.
  • the discharge temperature sensor 11 and the high-pressure sensor 13 are arranged at the pipe 9 on the discharge side of the compressor 3.
  • the discharge temperature sensor 11 detects the temperature of refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3.
  • the high-pressure sensor 13 detects the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3.
  • the outlet temperature sensor 12 is provided at a refrigerant outlet of the condenser 4, and detects the temperature of refrigerant that flows out from the condenser 4.
  • the low-pressure sensor 14 is provided at the pipe 9 on the suction side of the compressor 3, and detects the pressure of refrigerant to be sucked into the compressor 3.
  • FIG. 2 is a functional block diagram illustrating functions of the controller as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • various sensors as described above are connected to the controller 2, and data on temperature or pressure from each of the sensors is input to the controller 2.
  • an instruction from a user is input to the controller 2 through an operation unit (not illustrated).
  • the controller 2 includes a control processor 21, a storage device 23, and a clocking device 22.
  • the control processor 21 performs processing, such as computation and determination, based on the input data, such as temperature, to control components of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1, such as the compressor 3, the upstream expansion valve 5, and the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the storage device 23 stores data required for the processing by the control processor 21.
  • the storage device 23 includes a volatile storage device (not illustrated), such as a random access memory (RAM), which is capable of temporarily storing data, a hard disk, and a non-volatile auxiliary storage device (not illustrated), such as a flash memory, which is capable of storing data for a long period of time.
  • the clocking device 22 is, for example, a timer, and measures time.
  • the clocking device 22 is used, for example, in determination or other processing by the control processor 21.
  • the control processor 21 may be, for example, a microcomputer having a control arithmetic processing device, such as a central processing unit (CPU).
  • the storage device 23 stores data in which a procedure of processing by the control processor 21 is written as a program.
  • the control arithmetic processing device executes processing based on the data of the program to achieve control. It should be noted that each of those devices may be formed as a dedicated device (hardware).
  • the controller 2 is configured such that when the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is changed to a computed opening degree, the controller 2 corrects a computed opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 on the basis of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7. In addition, the controller 2 is configured such that when the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is changed to the computed opening degree, the controller 2 controls the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 to change it to the corrected opening degree in conjunction with the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the refrigerant is compressed by the compressor 3 to change into a high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant.
  • the high-temperature and high-pressure gas refrigerant is then discharged from a discharge outlet of the compressor 3 and flows into the condenser 4.
  • the gas refrigerant that has flowed into the condenser 4 transfers heat and is liquefied under high pressure in the condenser 4, and then flows out of the condenser 4.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed out of the condenser 4 is decompressed by the upstream expansion valve 5 to change into middle-temperature two-phase refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant then flows into the receiver 6.
  • the two-phase refrigerant is separated into gas refrigerant and liquid refrigerant.
  • the liquid refrigerant is discharged from the receiver 6.
  • the refrigerant discharged from the receiver 6 is decompressed by the downstream expansion valve 7 to change into low-temperature two-phase refrigerant.
  • the low-temperature two-phase refrigerant then flows into the evaporator 8.
  • the low-temperature two-phase refrigerant that has flowed into the evaporator 8 receives heat and is gasified under low pressure in the evaporator 8, and then flows out of the evaporator 8.
  • the refrigerant that has flowed out of the evaporator 8 is sucked into the compressor 3 and re-compressed thereby. Such operations are repeated, whereby a refrigeration cycle of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 is achieved.
  • the refrigerant circuit 10 as illustrated in FIG. 1 has a minimum configuration required for achieving the refrigeration cycle according to the present invention.
  • the refrigerant circuit 10 may include, as occasion arises, a four-way valve that switches the flow passage for the refrigerant between a plurality of flow passages and an accumulator that controls suction of the liquid refrigerant into the compressor 3.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of a section of the controller as illustrated in FIG. 1 that controls the upstream expansion valve and the downstream expansion valve.
  • k is the number of steps in repeated computation.
  • FIG. 3 indicates the case where an opening degree Su(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 and an opening degree Sd(k+1) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k+1 are computed.
  • the controller 2 includes a first controller 101, a second controller 102, an opening-degree correction device 103, etc.
  • the controller 2 includes a subtractor 111 that performs subtraction and an adder 112 that performs addition.
  • an opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k is an opening degree set in the downstream expansion valve 7, and may be a value computed by the controller 2 or an actual opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • an opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k is an opening degree set in the upstream expansion valve 5, and may be a value computed by the controller 2 or an actual opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5.
  • the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k may be sometimes referred to as a set value of the downstream expansion valve 7 in the case where the opening degree Sd(k+1) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k+1 is computed.
  • the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k may be sometimes referred to as a set value of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree Su(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k+1 is computed.
  • the first controller 101 is a position-type proportional-integral-differential (PID) controller that outputs an opening degree (control operation value) of the downstream expansion valve 7 which causes a discharge temperature (first control value) to follow a target discharge temperature (first target control value).
  • the PID controller is a controller that includes a proportional controller, an integral controller, and a differential controller. To the PID controller of the first controller 101, a deviation of a discharge temperature obtained from the discharge temperature sensor 11 from the target discharge temperature set in advance is input.
  • the PID controller of the first controller 101 obtains the opening degree Su(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 by performing a predetermined computation with the input data, and outputs the opening degree Su(k+1). The contents of the computation will be specifically described later.
  • the second controller 102 is a position-type PID controller that outputs a provisional opening degree (control operation value) of the upstream expansion valve 5 which causes the degree of subcooling (second control value) to follow a target degree of subcooling (second target control value).
  • a deviation of the degree of subcooling from the target degree of subcooling is input.
  • the PID controller of the second controller 102 obtains a provisional opening degree Su_tmp(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 by performing a predetermined computation with the input data, and outputs the provisional opening degree Su_tmp(k+1). The contents of the computation will be specifically described later.
  • the degree of subcooling can be computed based on inputs from the high-pressure sensor 13 and the outlet temperature sensor 12. More specifically, first, a condensation temperature is computed from a high pressure obtained from the high-pressure sensor 13, using a conversion formula that uses a physical property value of the refrigerant. Then, the degree of subcooling is computed by determining a difference between the computed condensation temperature and the temperature of the refrigerant at the outlet of the condenser 4 which is obtained from the outlet temperature sensor 12.
  • the combination of the first control value which is controlled by the first controller 101 and the second control value which is controlled by the second controller 102 is a combination of the discharge temperature and the degree of subcooling.
  • the combination of the first control value and the second control value may be a combination of values that are selected from a discharge temperature, a discharge pressure, a suction temperature, a suction pressure, an evaporation temperature, a low pressure, a condensation temperature, a high pressure, an indoor-unit suction temperature, the degree of suction superheat, the degree of discharge superheat, the degree of subcooling, etc.
  • the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 are PID controllers, it is not limiting.
  • the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 may be each a P controller (proportional controller) or a PI controller (proportional-integral controller).
  • the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 may be each a dynamic feedback controller, such as a model predictive controller, or a dynamic or static controller that performs control according to, for example, a predetermined table.
  • the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 may be each configured to output a constant.
  • the subtractor 111 is provided between the first controller 101 and the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • the opening degree Sd(k+1) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k+1 which is computed by the first controller 101 and the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k are input to the subtractor 111.
  • the subtractor 111 subtracts the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k from the opening degree Sd(k+1) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k+1 to determine a change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7, that is, the difference between the opening degrees thereof, and outputs the difference.
  • the contents of computation will be specifically described later.
  • the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k is the opening degree set in the downstream expansion valve 7, and may be, for example, a value computed by the controller 2 or an actual opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k is the opening degree set in the upstream expansion valve 5, and may be, for example, a value computed by the controller 2 or an actual opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5.
  • the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k may be sometimes referred to as a set value or an opening degree which is being set in the downstream expansion valve 7 in the case where the opening degree Sd(k+1) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k+1 is computed.
  • the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k and the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k are input to the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • the change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is also input from the subtractor 111 to the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • the opening-degree correction device 103 obtains a correction value Suff(k+1) for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 by performing a computation based on the input opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7, the input opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5, and the input change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7, and outputs the correction value Suff(k+1). That is, in the opening-degree correction device 103, the correction value Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 which accords to the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is computed.
  • the correction value Suff(k+1) for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 which is computed by the opening-degree correction device 103 and the provisional opening degree Su_tmp(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 which is computed by the second controller 102 are input to the adder 112.
  • the adder 112 adds the correction value Suff(k+1) to the provisional opening degree Su_tmp(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 to determine the opening degree Su(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5, and outputs the opening degree Su(k+1).
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of the opening-degree correction device as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • the opening-degree correction device 103 includes a refrigerant-amount retention module 104 and an integrator 105.
  • the refrigerant-amount retention module 104 computes a correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 based on the following: the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7, that is, the set value thereof; the change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7; and the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5, that is, the set value thereof.
  • the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) is the difference between the computed correction value, that is, the correction value of step k+1, and the previous correction value, that is, the correction value of step k.
  • Math. 1 ⁇ S uff k + 1 Su k Sd k Sd k + 1 ⁇ Sd k
  • the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) is output as a value having the same sign as the change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7. More specifically, when the change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is a positive value, that is, when the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is increased, the correction value to be added to the computed opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 is greater than the correction value added in the previous step. In addition, when the change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is a negative value, that is, when the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is decreased, the correction value to be added to the computed opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 is smaller than the correction value added in the previous step.
  • the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 has a proportional relationship with the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5, that is, the set value thereof.
  • the absolute value of the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) tends to increase as the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 increases.
  • the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) has an inversely proportional relationship with the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7, that is, the set value thereof.
  • the absolute value of the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) tends to decrease as the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 increases.
  • Formula 1 is an example of a formula that gives the above characteristic and tendency to the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1), and when a formula for achieving part or the entirety of an operation corresponding to the above characteristic and tendency is applied, it is not indispensable that the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) is computed according to Formula 1.
  • the integrator 105 computes the correction value Suff(k+1) from the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5, according to the following formula. That is, the integrator 105 integrates the correction change amount to compute the correction value Suff(k+1) for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5.
  • a change amount of the correction value Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 is also a value having the same sign as the change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating a first modification of the section of the controller as illustrated in FIG. 3 .
  • each of the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 is formed as a speed-type controller that computes a change amount of the opening degree of an associated expansion valve.
  • the subtractor 111 provided between the first controller 101 and the opening-degree correction device 103 in the controller 2 as illustrated in FIG. 3 is not provided.
  • the output of the first controller 101 is directly input to the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • the first controller 101 computes a change amount ⁇ Sd(k+1) of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 from an input deviation of discharge temperature, and outputs the change amount ⁇ Sd(k+1).
  • the second controller 102 computes a provisional change amount ⁇ Su_tmp(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 from an input degree of subcooling, and outputs the provisional change amount.
  • the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k, the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k, and the change amount ⁇ Sd(k+1) of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 in step k+1 which is computed by the first controller 101 are input to the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • the opening-degree correction device 103 computes a correction value Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 based on the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7, that is, the set value thereof, the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5, that is, the set value thereof, and the change amount ⁇ Sd(k+1) of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7, and the opening-degree correction device 103 then outputs the correction value Suff(k+1).
  • the adder 112 adds the correction value Suff(k+1) output from the opening-degree correction device 103 to the provisional opening degree Su_tmp(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 which is output from the second controller 102 to obtain the opening degree Su(k+1) of the upstream expansion valve 5 in step k+1, and outputs the opening degree Su(k+1).
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration of the opening-degree correction device as illustrated in FIG. 5 .
  • the opening-degree correction device 103 of the first modification includes the refrigerant-amount retention module 104 but does not include the integrator 105 as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
  • the refrigerant-amount retention module 104 computes a correction value Suff(k+1) for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 based on the opening degree Sd(k) of the downstream expansion valve 7, the change amount ⁇ Sd(k+1) of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7, and the opening degree Su(k) of the upstream expansion valve 5.
  • S uff k + 1 Su k Sd k Sd k + 1 ⁇ Sd k
  • the correction value Suff(k+1) for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 is a value having the same sign as the change amount ⁇ Sd(k+1) of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 may be configured such that a plurality of heat exchangers are connected in parallel in the refrigerant circuit 10.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating a second modification of the refrigeration cycle apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the refrigerant circuit 10 of the second modification two condensers 4a, 4b are connected in parallel.
  • an upstream expansion valve 5a is provided at the pipe 9 on which the condenser 4a is provided
  • an upstream expansion valve 5b is provided at the pipe 9 on which the condenser 4b is provided.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the case where two condensers are provided, three or more condensers may be provided in the refrigerant circuit 10.
  • a correction change amount can be computed for each of the upstream expansion valves 5a and 5b using a similar formula to Formula 1.
  • Su_a is the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5a associated with the condenser 4a
  • ⁇ Suff_a(k+1) is the correction change amount thereof
  • Su_b is the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5b associated with the condenser 4b
  • ⁇ Suff_b(k+1) is the correction change amount thereof
  • each of the correction change amounts can be computed by the following Formula 4 or 5.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating a third modification of the refrigeration cycle apparatus as illustrated in FIG. 1 .
  • the refrigerant circuit 10 of the third modification two evaporators 8a and 8b are connected in parallel.
  • a downstream expansion valve 7a is provided at the pipe 9 on which the evaporator 8a is provided
  • a downstream expansion valve 7b is provided at the pipe 9 on which the evaporator 8b is provided.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates the case where two evaporators are provided, three or more evaporators may be provided in the refrigerant circuit 10.
  • a correction change amount ⁇ Suff_b(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 can be computed according to a similar formula to Formula 1.
  • Sd_a is the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7a associated with the evaporator 8a
  • Sd_b is the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7b associated with the evaporator 8b
  • the correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 can be computed according to the following Formula 6.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 includes the refrigerant circuit 10 in which the compressor 3 configured to compress the refrigerant, the condenser 4, the receiver 6 configured to store the refrigerant, and the evaporator 8 are connected by the pipes 9. Furthermore, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes the upstream expansion valve 5 the opening degree of which can be changed and which is provided between the condenser 4 and the receiver 6 in the refrigerant circuit 10, the downstream expansion valve 7 the opening degree of which can be changed and which is provided between the receiver 6 and the evaporator 8 in the refrigerant circuit 10, and the controller 2.
  • the controller 2 computes the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 and the provisional opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5, and compute the correction value for the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 based on at least the difference between the computed opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 and an opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 that is being set. Furthermore, the controller 2 performs a control to set the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 to the computed opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7, and performs a control to set the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 to an opening degree obtained by correcting the computed provisional opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 using the correction value, in conjunction with the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the correction value for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 or a correction change amount by which the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 is corrected and changed from the previous opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 has the same sign as the difference between the opening degrees of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 when the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is changed to the computed opening degree, the variation of the flow rate of the refrigerant on each of an upstream side and a downstream side of the receiver 6 is reduced, and the variation of the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 is thus reduced. As a result, transitional depletion of the liquid refrigerant can be avoided. Therefore, while the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is being changed, the amount of the refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit 10 can be controlled using the liquid refrigerant stored in the receiver 6 by control of the upstream expansion valve 5 and the downstream expansion valve 7, and thus deterioration of the control performance of the upstream expansion valve 5 and the downstream expansion valve 7 can be avoided.
  • the controller includes the first controller 101, the second controller 102, and the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • the first controller 101 performs a control to cause the first control value to reach the first target control value.
  • the second controller 102 performs a control to cause the second control value, which is different from the first control value, to reach the second target control value.
  • the opening-degree correction device 103 computes a correction value for the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 based on at least a change amount of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • the controller 2 computes a corrected opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 by adding the control operation value for use in the control by the second controller 102 and the correction value computed by the opening-degree correction device 103.
  • each of the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 a single-input single-output controller can be used, and an algorithm for each of these controllers can be simplified. Therefore, the above control of each of the upstream expansion valve 5 and the downstream expansion valve 7 can be achieved by a device that is made at a low cost and can perform a computation under a low load. Furthermore, the first controller 101 and the second controller 102 can be configured independent of each other. A control design can be carried out for each of the controllers, and a control system can be thus flexibly designed for non-linearity and a disturbance specific to the refrigeration cycle. That is, an intuitive control system having a high readability and scalability can be provided.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 includes the discharge temperature sensor 11 which detects the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3, the high-pressure sensor 13 which detects the pressure of the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 3, and the outlet temperature sensor 12 which detects the temperature of the refrigerant that flows out of the condenser 4.
  • the controller 2 computes the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 based on the temperature of the refrigerant detected by the discharge temperature sensor 11.
  • the controller 2 computes the provisional opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 based on the degree of subcooling which is determined from the pressure of the refrigerant which is detected by the high-pressure sensor 13 and the temperature of the refrigerant which is detected by the outlet temperature sensor 12.
  • the provisional opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 which is computed based on the degree of the subcooling is corrected by the correction value which depends on the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 which is computed based on the discharge temperature.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explanation of an advantage of Embodiment 1.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 in consideration of continuous change in the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6, an operation to avoid depletion of the liquid refrigerant in advance is performed, and the unnecessary variation of the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 can thus be reduced.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an opening-degree correction device according to Embodiment 2.
  • An opening-degree correction device 203 of Embodiment 2 further includes a coefficient determination module 206, and the coefficient determination module 206 outputs a coefficient c(k) to a refrigerant-amount retention module 204 and the coefficient c(k) is multiplied in the computation by the refrigerant-amount retention module 204.
  • the opening-degree correction device 203 of Embodiment 2 is different from the opening-degree correction device 103 of Embodiment 1 as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
  • the other configurations and operations are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and their descriptions will thus be omitted.
  • the refrigerant-amount retention module 204 of Embodiment 2 computes a correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) according to the following Formula 11.
  • ⁇ S uff k + 1 c k Su k Sd k Sd k + 1 ⁇ Sd k
  • a flow rate change amount ⁇ Gr of the downstream expansion valve 7 can be expressed by Formula 16 below.
  • Math. 15 Cd 1 + 1 2 Sd dPd ⁇ dPd ⁇ Sd + O ⁇ 2
  • Math. 16 ⁇ Gr ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Sd ⁇ dPd ⁇ Cd
  • Cd/Cu is defined as c, and c(k) in Formula 11 can thus be determined.
  • the values of the variables Cd and Cu may be obtained from a database produced based on a table which is produced from data obtained by, for example, an experiment or a simulation and in which pressure losses at expansion valves and opening degrees of the expansion valves are inputs, or may be obtained through successive estimations that are made using a mathematical model. Alternatively, an average value may be applied as a constant.
  • the controller 2 computes a correction amount or a correction change amount of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 by performing a multiplication with a predetermined coefficient.
  • the controller 2 determines the coefficient c(k) based on the set value of the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5, the set value of the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7, and the pressure losses at the upstream expansion valve 5 and the downstream expansion valve 7.
  • FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an opening-degree correction device according to Embodiment 3.
  • An opening-degree correction device 303 of Embodiment 3 further includes a sign function block 307, and a coefficient expressed as a function c( ⁇ ) is applied to a multiplication performed in the computation by a refrigerant-amount retention module 304.
  • the opening-degree correction device 303 of Embodiment 3 is different from the opening-degree correction device 103 of Embodiment 1 as illustrated in FIG. 4 .
  • the other configurations and operations are the same as those of Embodiment 1, and their descriptions will thus be omitted.
  • the refrigerant-amount retention module 304 of Embodiment 3 computes a correction change amount ⁇ Suff(k+1) according to the following Formula 18.
  • Math. 18 ⁇ S uff k + 1 c ⁇ Su k Sd k Sd k + 1 ⁇ Sd k
  • a sign function sgn for computing an argument ⁇ of the function c( ⁇ ) is defined by the following Formula 19.
  • c1 and c2 in Formula 20 are constants and are set in such a manner as to satisfy 0 ⁇ c2 ⁇ c1.
  • the constant c1 is a constant for the change in the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is increased.
  • the constant c2 is a constant for the change in the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 is decreased.
  • the opening degree correction amount of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve is increased is larger than the opening degree correction amount of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve is decreased, and thus the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 tends to be increased.
  • the opening degree correction amount of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve is increased is larger than the opening degree correction amount of the upstream expansion valve 5 in the case where the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve is decreased, and thus the amount of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 tends to be increased.
  • a modeling error or a disturbance is large, depletion of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 can be avoided.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram indicating an operation of the downstream expansion valve 7 in a simulation performed regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the vertical axis represents the opening degree [pulse] of the downstream expansion valve 7 and the horizontal axis represents time that elapses from the start of the simulation.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram indicating an operation of the upstream expansion valve 5 in a simulation performed regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus 1 of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the vertical axis represents the opening degree [pulse] of the upstream expansion valve 5 and the horizontal axis represents time that elapses from the start of simulation.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram indicating an operation of the downstream expansion valve 7 in a simulation performed regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the vertical axis represents the opening degree [pulse] of the upstream expansion valve 5 and the horizontal axis represents time that elapses from the start of simulation.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram indicating a change in the refrigerant flow rate in a simulation regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the vertical axis represents the refrigerant flow rate Gr in the refrigerant circuit 10 and the horizontal axis represents time that elapses from the start of simulation.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram indicating a change in the volume of the refrigerant in the receiver in a simulation performed regarding the refrigeration cycle apparatus of Embodiment 1 or 2.
  • the vertical axis represents the volume of the liquid refrigerant stored in the receiver 6 and the horizontal axis represents time that elapses from the start of simulation.
  • Electronic expansion valves were used as the upstream expansion valve 5 and the downstream expansion valve 7, and the reference opening degree (opening degree of the expansion valve at start time) of each of these expansion valves was set at 290 pulses.
  • the refrigerant flow rate Gr of the refrigerant circuit 10 at that time was 225.2 [kg/h], as indicated by a dashed-dotted line in FIG. 14
  • the volume of the liquid refrigerant stored in the receiver 6 was 0.716 [L], as indicated in FIG. 15 .
  • An output of the second controller 102 is a constant.
  • the first controller 101 is operated to perform a control to cause the refrigerant flow rate to reach a target value (for example, 228.7 [kg/h] indicated by a broken line in FIG. 14 ).
  • the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 and the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 were changed from 290 pulses to 297 pulses (as indicated by broken lines in Figs. 12 and 13 ) in conjunction with each other in such a manner as to satisfy the relationship of Formula 1, thereby causing the refrigerant flow rate Gr to reach the target value.
  • the volume of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 was 0.735 [L], as indicated by a broken line in FIG. 15 . As indicated in FIG.
  • a change amount (0.019 L) of the volume of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 in the case where the opening degrees was corrected according to Formula 1 was smaller than a change amount (0.066 L) of the volume of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 in the case where the opening degrees was not corrected. That is, it can be seen that in the case where the opening degrees were corrected, the function of retaining the refrigerant amount was effectively fulfilled. Then, when 40 minutes elapsed, the operation points of the downstream expansion valve 7 and the upstream expansion valve 5 were returned to the reference points.
  • the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 and the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 were changed in conjunction with each other in such a manner as to satisfy the relationship of Formula 10, thereby causing the refrigerant flow rate to reach the target value.
  • the coefficient c was 0.625
  • the opening degree of the downstream expansion valve 7 was changed from 290 pulses to 298 pulses as indicated by a dashed-dotted line in FIG. 12
  • the opening degree of the upstream expansion valve 5 was changed from 290 pulses to 295 pulses as indicated in FIG. 13 .
  • the volume of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 was 0.714 [L] as indicated by a dashed- dotted line in FIG. 15 .
  • a change amount (0.002 L) of the volume of the liquid refrigerant in the receiver 6 in the case where the opening degrees are corrected according to Formula 11 was far smaller than the change amount (0.019 L) in the case where the opening degrees were corrected according to Formula 1.
  • the function of retaining the refrigerant amount was further improved.

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EP20940660.2A 2020-06-19 2020-06-19 Kältekreislaufvorrichtung Pending EP4170265A4 (de)

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