Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
  • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
  • C10M171/02—Specified values of viscosity or viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M171/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by purely physical criteria, e.g. containing as base-material, thickener or additive, ingredients which are characterised exclusively by their numerically specified physical properties, i.e. containing ingredients which are physically well-defined but for which the chemical nature is either unspecified or only very vaguely indicated
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
  • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/02—Pour-point; Viscosity index
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/06—Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
  • C10N2030/40—Low content or no content compositions
  • C10N2030/44—Boron free or low content boron compositions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
  • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/40—Generators or electric motors in oil or gas winning field

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of lubricating compositions for an electric or hybrid vehicle. It relates more particularly to improving the resistivity and durability of lubricating compositions used in electric or hybrid vehicles.
• lubricating compositions also called “lubricants”, for the main purposes of reducing the frictional forces between the various parts of the vehicle's propulsion system, especially between moving metal parts in engines.
• lubricating compositions are also effective in preventing premature wear or even damage to these parts, and in particular to their surface.
• Electric motors generate heat during operation. If the amount of heat generated is greater than the amount of heat normally dissipated to the environment, it is necessary to provide engine cooling. In general, the cooling is carried out on one or more parts of the engine generating heat and / or parts of the engine sensitive to heat, in order to avoid reaching dangerous temperatures.
• This cooling can be done by direct cooling or indirect cooling. Due to the increasing increase in the power density of electric motors, it will be necessary to develop and improve the direct cooling mode of the electric motor where the lubricating fluid of the transmission part will also serve to cool the hot parts of the motor. electric.
• One example is the Tesla Model S vehicle, in which the gear lubricant also circulates in the hollow rotor of the electric motor to cool the stator coil heads via several oil jets.
• a lubricating composition is conventionally composed of one or more base oil (s), with which are generally associated several additives dedicated to stimulating the lubricating performance of the base oil, such as for example friction modifying additives.
• One type of performance that is particularly useful for a lubricating composition for propulsion systems for electric or hybrid vehicles consists in exhibiting good wear resistance properties, properties which are systematically part of the prerogatives to be observed in the specifications of manufacturers.
• this type of lubricating composition must be able to cool the propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles.
• the lubricant must also have insulating properties in order to avoid any failure in the electrical components.
• a conductive lubricant can cause a risk of electric current leakage at the stator and rotor winding, which reduces the efficiency of the propulsion systems, and creates a possible overheating at the level of the electrical components, even going as far as. 'damage the system. It is therefore crucial, in the context of the use of lubricants for propulsion systems of electric or hybrid vehicles, that the lubricants have good “electrical” properties in addition to lubricating properties.
• the present invention relates to a lubricating composition
• a lubricating composition comprising at least one base oil and at least one additive chosen from antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion additives, metal deactivator additives, anti- foams, dispersants and mixtures thereof, said composition having a boron content less than or equal to 100 ppm by weight and a nitrogen content strictly greater than 100 ppm by weight and less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the boron content is less than 50 ppm by weight, preferably less than 10 ppm by weight, and / or the nitrogen content ranges from 200 to 500 ppm by weight, preferably from 300 to 490 ppm. in weight.
• the composition according to the invention comprises at least 70% by weight of base oil (s), preferably from 75 to 99% by weight of base oil (s), preferably from 80 to 98% by weight of base oil (s), more preferably from 85 to 95% by weight of base oil (s), relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C ranging from 3 to 50 mm 2 / s, preferably from 4 to 25 mm 2 / s, more preferably from 5 to 10 mm 2 / s.
• the composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity at -10 ° C ranging from 200 to 600 mm 2 / s, preferably from 250 to 500 mm 2 / s, more preferably from 275 to 400 mm 2 / s.
• the composition according to the invention comprises at least one dispersant additive comprising nitrogen.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the lubricating composition according to the invention, for lubricating and / or cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the vehicle is an electric vehicle.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention is used to lubricate and cool a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention is used to lubricate the reduction gear and to cool the rotor.
• propulsion system within the meaning of the present invention, is meant a system comprising the mechanical parts necessary for propelling a vehicle.
• the propulsion system thus more particularly includes an electric motor, or the rotor-stator assembly of the power electronics (dedicated to speed regulation), a transmission also called a reduction gear and a battery.
• electric vehicle within the meaning of the present invention is understood to denote a vehicle comprising an electric motor as the sole propulsion means, unlike a hybrid vehicle which comprises a combustion engine and an electric motor as combined propulsion means. .
• the lubricating composition according to the invention exhibits improved resistivity and improved durability.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention has the advantage of being able to be used both for lubricating certain parts of a propulsion system of an electric vehicle or hybrid and for cooling certain parts of a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of an electric drive system.
• the present invention relates to a lubricating composition
• a lubricating composition comprising at least one base oil and at least one additive chosen from anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion additives, metal deactivator additives, anti-foaming agents, dispersants and mixtures thereof, said composition having a boron content less than or equal to 100 ppm by weight and a nitrogen content strictly greater than 100 ppm by weight and less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the nitrogen content can be determined according to the NF T 60-106 standard.
• the elemental content can be determined according to ASTM D4951.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention can thus comprise one or more base oils.
• base oils can be chosen from the base oils conventionally used in the field of lubricating oils, such as mineral, synthetic or natural, animal or vegetable oils or their mixtures.
• It can be a mixture of several base oils, for example a mixture of two, three, or four base oils.
• the base oils of the lubricating compositions considered according to the invention can in particular be oils of mineral or synthetic origins belonging to groups I to V according to the classes defined in the API classification (or their equivalents according to the ATI EL classification) and presented in Table 1 below or their mixtures.
• Mineral base oils include all types of base oils obtained by atmospheric and vacuum distillation of crude oil, followed by refining operations such as solvent extraction, dealphating, solvent dewaxing, hydrotreatment, hydrocracking, hydroisomerization and hydrofinishing. .
• Mixtures of synthetic and mineral oils, which can be biobased, can also be used.
• the base oils of the compositions used according to the invention can also be chosen from synthetic oils, such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization. or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• synthetic oils such as certain esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, polyalphaolefins (PAO), and polyalkylene glycol (PAG) obtained by polymerization. or copolymerization of alkylene oxides comprising from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, in particular from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
• the PAOs used as base oils are for example obtained from monomers comprising from 4 to 32 carbon atoms, for example from octene or decene.
• the weight average molecular weight of PAO can vary quite widely. Of preferably, the weight average molecular mass of the PAO is less than 600 Da.
• the weight-average molecular mass of PAO can also range from 100 to 600 Da, from 150 to 600 Da, or even from 200 to 600 Da.
• the oil or the base oils of the composition according to the invention are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
• PAO polyalphaolefins
• PAG polyalkylene glycols
• esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols are chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG) and esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols.
• the oil or the base oils of the composition according to the invention can be chosen from the base oils of group II or III.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one base oil from group II or III and at least one base oil of polyalphaolefin type.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise at least 70% by mass of base oil (s) relative to its total mass, preferably from 75 to 99% by mass of base oil (s), preferably from 80 to 98% by mass of base oil (s), more preferably from 85 to 95% by mass of base oil (s), relative to its total mass.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises at least one additive chosen from antiwear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion additives, metal deactivator additives, anti-foaming agents, dispersants and their mixtures.
• This or these additives are chosen so that the lubricating composition will have (after addition of this or these additives) a boron content less than or equal to 100 ppm by weight and a nitrogen content strictly greater than 100 ppm by weight and less than or equal to 500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the boron content will be less than or equal to 50 ppm by weight, more preferably less than or equal to 10 ppm by weight.
• the nitrogen content will be greater than or equal to 200 ppm by weight, more preferably greater than or equal to 300 ppm by weight.
• the nitrogen content will be less than or equal to 490 ppm by weight.
• the boron content ranges from 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm by weight, or even from 0.5 to 5 ppm by weight, and the nitrogen content ranges from 200 to 500 ppm by weight, or even 300 at 490 ppm by weight.
• additives can be introduced individually and / or in the form of a mixture like those already available for sale for commercial lubricant formulations for vehicle engines, with a performance level as defined by ACEA ( Association European Automobile Manufacturers) and / or GARI (American Petroleum Institute), well known to those skilled in the art.
• ACEA Association European Automobile Manufacturers
• GARI American Petroleum Institute
• the lubricating composition may for example comprise at least one antiwear additive.
• the antiwear additives are chosen from phospho-sulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• phospho-sulfur additives such as metal alkylthiophosphates, in particular zinc alkylthiophosphates, and more specifically zinc dialkyldithiophosphates or ZnDTP.
• the preferred compounds are of formula Zn ((SP (S) (OR 2 ) (OR 3 )) 2, in which R 2 and R 3 , identical or different, independently represent an alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group comprising from 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
• Amine phosphates are also antiwear additives which can be used in a composition according to the invention.
• the phosphorus provided by these additives can act as a poison in the catalytic systems of automobiles because these additives generate ash.
• additives which do not provide phosphorus such as, for example, polysulfides, in particular sulfur-containing olefins.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight of antiwear agent (s), relative to to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricating composition can for example comprise at least one antioxidant.
• the antioxidant additive generally helps to delay the degradation of the composition in service. This degradation can be reflected in particular by the formation of deposits, by the presence of sludge or by an increase in the viscosity of the composition.
• Antioxidant additives act in particular as radical inhibitors or destroyers of hydroperoxides.
• antioxidant additives commonly used, there may be mentioned antioxidant additives of phenolic type, antioxidant additives of amine type, phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives. Some of these antioxidant additives, for example phosphosulfurized antioxidant additives, can generate ash.
• the phenolic antioxidant additives can be ash free or in the form of neutral or basic metal salts.
• the antioxidant additives can in particular be chosen from sterically hindered phenols, sterically hindered phenol esters and sterically hindered phenols comprising a thioether bridge, diphenylamines, diphenylamines substituted with at least one C1-C12 alkyl group, N, N '-dialkyl-aryl-diamines and mixtures thereof.
• the sterically hindered phenols are chosen from compounds comprising a phenol group of which at least one carbon vicinal of the carbon carrying the alcohol function is substituted by at least one C 1 -C 10 alkyl group, preferably an alkyl group.
• Amino compounds are another class of antioxidant additives that can be used, optionally in combination with phenolic antioxidant additives.
• Examples of amino compounds are aromatic amines, for example aromatic amines of formula NR 4 R 5 R 6 in which R 4 represents an aliphatic group or an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 5 represents an aromatic group, optionally substituted, R 6 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an aryl group or a group of formula R 7 S (0) z R 8 in which R 7 represents an alkylene group or an alkenylene group, R 8 represents an alkyl group, a alkenyl group or an aryl group and z represents 0, 1 or 2.
• Sulfurized alkyl phenols or their alkali and alkaline earth metal salts can also be used as antioxidant additives.
• antioxidant additives are copper compounds, for example copper thio- or dithio-phosphates, copper and carboxylic acid salts, dithiocarbamates, sulphonates, phenates, copper acetylacetonates. Copper I and II salts, succinic acid or anhydride salts can also be used.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention can contain all types of antioxidant additives known to those skilled in the art.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention comprises at least one antioxidant additive free of ash.
• a lubricating composition used according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight of at least one antioxidant additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricating composition may for example comprise at least one anti-corrosion additive.
• the anti-corrosion additive advantageously makes it possible to delay or prevent the corrosion of the metal parts of the propulsion system, and in particular the corrosion of the bearings located between the rotor and the stator of an electric motor, generally based on copper.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of agent. anticorrosion, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricating composition may for example comprise at least one metal deactivator additive.
• the metal deactivator additive can be chosen from tolutriazole, benzotriazoles optionally substituted with alkyl groups, triazoles optionally substituted with alkyl groups, or dimercaptothiadiazole.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by mass or from 0.01 to 5% by mass, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by mass or from 0.1 to 2% by mass of additive metallic deactivator, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricating composition may for example comprise at least one anti-foam.
• the antifoam agent is chosen from polyacrylates, waxes and polyorganosiloxanes.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of agent. defoamer, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• the lubricating composition may for example comprise at least one dispersant.
• the dispersing agent can be chosen from Mannich bases and succinimides, for example of the polyisobutylene succinimide type.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.05 to 5% by weight of dispersing agent (s), preferably from 0.1 to 3% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight of dispersing agent, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• dispersing agent s
• s dispersing agent
• the lubricating composition can also comprise one or more other additives, different from the additives defined above, for example chosen from friction modifiers, detergents and pour point depressants.
• the friction modifier additive can be chosen from a compound providing metallic elements and an ash-free compound.
• the compounds providing metallic elements mention may be made of transition metal complexes such as Mo, Sb, Sn, Fe, Cu, Zn, the ligands of which may be hydrocarbon compounds comprising oxygen, nitrogen or carbon atoms. sulfur or phosphorus.
• the ash-free friction modifying additives are generally of organic origin and can be chosen from fatty acid monoesters and polyols, alkoxylated amines, alkoxylated fatty amines, fatty epoxides, borate fatty epoxides; fatty amines or esters of fatty acid glycerol.
• the fatty compounds comprise at least one hydrocarbon group comprising from 10 to 24 carbon atoms.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention can comprise from 0.01 to 2% by weight or from 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.5% by weight or from 0.1 to 2% by weight. weight of friction modifier additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• Detergent additives generally reduce the formation of deposits on the surface of metal parts by dissolving oxidation and combustion by-products.
• the detergent additives which can be used in a lubricating composition according to the invention are generally known to those skilled in the art.
• the detergent additives can be anionic compounds comprising a long lipophilic hydrocarbon chain and a hydrophilic head.
• the associated cation can be a metal cation of an alkali or alkaline earth metal.
• the detergent additives are preferably chosen from alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids, sulphonates, salicylates, naphthenates, as well as salts of phenates.
• the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals are preferably calcium, magnesium, sodium or barium.
• metal salts generally include the metal in a stoichiometric amount or else in excess, therefore in an amount greater than the stoichiometric amount.
• overbased detergent additives the excess metal providing the overbased character to the detergent additive is then generally in the form of a metal salt insoluble in oil, for example a carbonate, a hydroxide, an oxalate, an acetate, a glutamate, preferably a carbonate .
• a lubricating composition according to the invention may for example comprise from 0.05 to 4% by weight of detergent additive, relative to the total weight of the composition.
• a lubricating composition according to the invention may also include at least one pour point depressant additive (also referred to as "PPD” agents for "For Point Depressant” in English).
• PPD pour point depressant additive
• pour point depressant additives By slowing the formation of paraffin crystals, pour point depressant additives generally improve the cold behavior of the composition.
• pour point lowering additives mention may be made of polymethacrylates of alkyl, polyacrylates, polyarylamides, polyalkylphenols, polyalkylnaphthalenes, alkylated polystyrenes.
• said additive (s) can be added to an oil or mixture of base oils, then the other additional additives added.
• said additive (s) can be added to a pre-existing conventional lubricating formulation, comprising in particular one or more base oils, one or more additional additives.
• all of the additives can be formulated together in an additive package, and the resulting additive package added to a base oil or mixture of oils.
• the total amount of additives in the lubricating composition is adapted in order to obtain the boron and nitrogen contents defined in the present invention.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at 100 ° C according to the ISO 3104 standard ranging from 3 to 50 mm 2 / s, preferably from 4 to 25 mm 2 / s, more preferably from 5 at 10 mm 2 / s.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity, measured at -10 ° C according to the ISO 3104 standard ranging from 200 to 600 mm 2 / s, preferably from 250 to 500 mm 2 / s, more preferably from 275 to 400 mm 2 / s.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention has a kinematic viscosity at -40 ° C, measured according to the ASTM D2983 standard ranging from 3000 to 10,000 mPa.s, preferably from 4000 to 9000 mPa.s, more preferably from 4500 to 8800 mPa.s.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises calcium, in a content ranging from 250 to 450 ppm, preferably ranging from 300 to 400 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention is substantially free from molybdenum, ie if the composition comprises molybdenum, the composition will typically comprise less than 1 ppm of molybdenum.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises phosphorus, preferably in a content ranging from 50 to 1000 ppm, preferably ranging from 100 to 500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises sulfur, preferably in a content ranging from 50 to 2000 ppm, preferably ranging from 100 to 1500 ppm by weight, relative to the total weight of the lubricating composition.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises:
• boron content ranging from 0.1 ppm to 10 ppm by weight, or even from 0.5 to 5 ppm by weight
• phosphorus content ranging from 50 to 1000 ppm, or even from 100 to 500 ppm by weight
• the electrical resistivity values measured at 90 ° C of the lubricating compositions according to the invention are between 5 and 10,000 Mohm.m, more preferably between 6 and 5,000 Mohm.m.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
• base oils preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, base oils from Group II and Base oils from Group III, preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), and base oils from Group III;
• PAO polyalphaolefins
• PAG polyalkylene glycols
• PAO esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols
• base oils from Group II and Base oils from Group III preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), and base oils from Group III;
• At least one dispersant additive preferably chosen from succinimides, such as polyisobutylene succinimides,
• additives chosen from anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion additives, metal deactivator additives, anti-foaming agents, and mixtures thereof.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention comprises, or even consists of:
• base oil preferably chosen from polyalphaolefins (PAO), polyalkylene glycols (PAG), esters of carboxylic acids and alcohols, base oils from Group II and base oils from Group III, preferably from polyalphaolefins (PAOs), base oils from Group II and base oils from Group III;
• additives chosen from anti-wear additives, extreme pressure additives, antioxidants, anti-corrosion additives, metal deactivator additives, defoamers, and mixtures thereof; the contents being expressed relative to the total weight of said lubricating composition.
• the present invention also relates to the use of the lubricating composition according to the invention for lubricating and / or cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the lubricating composition is applied to lubricate at least one element selected from the gearbox, the transmission, the motor, the reduction gear.
• Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an electric drive system.
• the motor of an electric vehicle (1) comprises power electronics (11) connected to a stator (13) and a rotor (14).
• the speed of rotation of the rotor is very important, which means adding a speed reducer (3) between the electric motor (1) and the wheels of the vehicle.
• the stator comprises coils, in particular copper coils which are supplied alternately by an electric current. This makes it possible to generate a rotating magnetic field.
• the rotor itself includes coils or permanent magnets or other magnetic materials and is rotated by the rotating magnetic field.
• the power electronics, stator and rotor of an electric motor are parts that are structurally complex and generate a large amount of heat during motor operation. This is why the lubricating composition according to the invention is more specifically used to cool the power electronics and / or the rotor and / or the stator of the electric motor.
• the invention relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined in the present invention to cool the power electronics, the rotor and the stator of the electric motor.
• a bearing (12) for maintaining the axis of rotation is also integrated between the rotor and the stator.
• This bearing is subjected to high mechanical stresses and poses problems of fatigue wear. It is therefore necessary to lubricate the bearing in order to increase its life. This is why the lubricating composition as defined above is also used to lubricate an electric vehicle motor.
• the invention relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined in the present invention for lubricating the bearings located between the rotor and the stator.
• the reducer (3) which is part of the transmission, has the role of reducing the speed of rotation at the output of the electric motor and of adapting the speed transmitted to the wheels, making it possible at the same time to control the speed of the vehicle.
• This reducer is subjected to high friction stresses and therefore needs to be lubricated appropriately in order to prevent it from being damaged too quickly. This is why the lubricating composition as defined in the present invention is also used to lubricate the reduction gear and the transmission of an electric vehicle.
• the invention relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined in the present invention to lubricate the gearbox of an electric vehicle.
• the invention also relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined in the present invention for cooling the power electronics and / or the rotor / stator pair and lubricating the reduction gear and / or the bearings of the rotor / stator pair. 'an engine of an electric vehicle.
• the invention also relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined in the present invention for cooling the battery of an electric vehicle.
• Lithium-ion batteries are the most common in the field of electric vehicles.
• the development of increasingly powerful batteries and smaller and smaller in size implies the emergence of the cooling problem of this battery. Indeed, as soon as the battery exceeds temperatures of the order of 50 to 60 ° C, there is a high risk that the battery will ignite or even explode.
• the invention also relates to the use of a composition as defined in the present invention for cooling the battery and the motor of an electric vehicle.
• the invention also relates to the use of a lubricating composition as defined in the present invention for cooling an electric motor of a hybrid vehicle.
• the invention also relates, according to another of its aspects, to a method of lubricating and / or cooling a propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle, said method comprising the use of the lubricating composition according to invention with at least one metal part of the propulsion system of an electric or hybrid vehicle.
• the method according to the invention thus comprises at least one step during which the metal part is lubricated and / or cooled.
• the lubricating composition makes it possible both to lubricate one part and to cool another part of the propulsion system.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention makes it possible to lubricate the reduction gear and to cool the rotor.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention is particularly advantageous in that it significantly improves durability and resistivity.
• the boron and nitrogen contents surprisingly make it possible to obtain a lubricating composition exhibiting improved resistivity and improved durability.
• the resistivity of the lubricating composition is maintained at a high level for a long time, i.e. even after prolonged use of the lubricating composition.
• the resistivity of the lubricating composition according to the invention deteriorates less than the resistivity of lubricating compositions of the state of the art, not containing the claimed contents of boron and nitrogen.
• the lubricating composition according to the invention exhibits durable resistivity over time, i.e. during use (implementation) of the lubricating composition in the propulsion system.
• the particular, advantageous or preferred characteristics of the lubricating composition according to the invention make it possible to define uses according to the invention which are also particular, advantageous or preferred.
• Example 1 Description of the lubricating compositions Four lubricating compositions were tested and compared:
• a lubricating composition according to the invention Cl 1 comprising approximately 96.75% by weight of base oils, 0.5% by weight of a viscosity modifying additive, and 2.75% by weight of a packet of additives ,
• a lubricating composition according to the invention CI2 comprising 91.1% by weight of an oil of base, 5.6% by weight of viscosity modifier additive, and 3.3% by weight of a packet of additives.
• the lubricating compositions CM and CI2 were prepared by mixing the ingredients, typically at a temperature of the order of 40 ° C.
• Example 2 Study of the electrical properties of lubricating compositions
• the electrical properties of the lubricating compositions described in Example 1 were measured and are shown in Table 3.
• Table 3 the used oil corresponds to the oil after the GFC-Tr-41-A test.
• the results of Table 3 show that the lubricating composition according to the invention has very good electrical properties, and in particular very good resistivity.
• the good resistivity is maintained over time since the test on “used oil” makes it possible to simulate the wear of the lubricating composition and therefore its degradation during its use, and the results on used oil show that the properties are maintained, and in particular the resistivity is maintained over the time of use of the composition.
• Example 3 Study of the antiwear and extreme pressure properties of the lubricating compositions
• test conditions in Table 4 are as follows:
• Type C pitting test (type of toothing) / 1440 rpm (rotation speed) / stage 9 (load applied during the test) / 120 ° C (test temperature ).
• the "NOK" result indicates that the composition CC1 does not pass this test.
• Example 5 Compositions CI3 and CC3
• compositions CI3 and CC3 were prepared in a similar manner to compositions CI1 and CI2 (Example 1).
• composition CI3 comprises 91.6% by weight of a base oil, 5.1% by weight of a viscosity modifying additive and 3.3% by weight of a packet of additives comprising in particular an antifoam and a metal deactivator.
• composition CC3 differs from the composition CI3 in that it further comprises 0.3% by weight of a detergent additive of the calcium sulphonate type (the amount of base oil is therefore 91.3% by weight in composition CC3).
• the elemental composition of compositions CI3 and CC3 is shown in Table 6.
• the extreme pressure properties of the compositions CI3 and C3 are measured and indicated in Table 6, using the same method as that described in Example 3.
• the resistivity on fresh oil of the two compositions CI3 and CC3 is measured and indicated in the table. 6, using the same method as that described in Example 2.
• composition CI3 comprising 331 ppm by weight of calcium exhibits better extreme pressure properties and better electrical resistivity than composition CC3 comprising 711 ppm by weight of calcium.
• a lower calcium content combined with the claimed amounts of boron and nitrogen, improves the extreme pressure properties of lubricating compositions.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)

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• 2020
  • 2020-05-05 FR FR2004452A patent/FR3109942B1/fr active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-05-04 CN CN202180032295.9A patent/CN115768857B/zh active Active
  • 2021-05-04 MX MX2022013790A patent/MX2022013790A/es unknown
  • 2021-05-04 KR KR1020227038401A patent/KR20230005201A/ko active Search and Examination
  • 2021-05-04 JP JP2022566318A patent/JP2023527270A/ja active Pending
  • 2021-05-04 US US17/922,567 patent/US20230167380A1/en active Pending
  • 2021-05-04 EP EP21722904.6A patent/EP4146774A1/fr active Pending
  • 2021-05-04 WO PCT/EP2021/061763 patent/WO2021224285A1/fr unknown

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