EP4146730A2 - Matières de type polyéthylène, leur solvolyse et fabrication à partir desdites matières d'éléments préfabriqués - Google Patents

Matières de type polyéthylène, leur solvolyse et fabrication à partir desdites matières d'éléments préfabriqués

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Publication number
EP4146730A2
EP4146730A2 EP21722500.2A EP21722500A EP4146730A2 EP 4146730 A2 EP4146730 A2 EP 4146730A2 EP 21722500 A EP21722500 A EP 21722500A EP 4146730 A2 EP4146730 A2 EP 4146730A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
group
general formula
polymer
polyethylene
range
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21722500.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Stefan Mecking
Manuel Häußler
Marcel Eck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universitaet Konstanz
Original Assignee
Universitaet Konstanz
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Universitaet Konstanz filed Critical Universitaet Konstanz
Publication of EP4146730A2 publication Critical patent/EP4146730A2/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C29/00—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring
    • C07C29/128—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by alcoholysis
    • C07C29/1285—Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by alcoholysis of esters of organic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C67/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters
    • C07C67/03—Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
    • C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G64/02—Aliphatic polycarbonates
    • C08G64/0208—Aliphatic polycarbonates saturated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G64/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carbonic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G64/20—General preparatory processes
    • C08G64/30—General preparatory processes using carbonates
    • C08G64/305—General preparatory processes using carbonates and alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
    • C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
    • C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
    • C08J11/18—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material
    • C08J11/22—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08J11/24—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation by treatment with organic material by treatment with organic oxygen-containing compounds containing hydroxyl groups
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2367/00—Characterised by the use of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2367/02—Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2369/00—Characterised by the use of polycarbonates; Derivatives of polycarbonates
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the preparation of specific monomers of the general formula (II) and / or specific oligomers of the general formula (III).
  • the invention in a third aspect, relates to a composition comprising a monomer of the general formula (II) and / or an oligomer of the general formula (III), the composition being obtained or obtainable by the process of the second aspect.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition according to the third aspect for the production of polymers.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a prefabricated part, comprising providing a material which has a polyethylene-like polymer, and molding the material into the original.
  • a sixth aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a finished part from a material, the material comprising a polyethylene-like polymer, the finished part being produced by means of an additive manufacturing process.
  • thermoplastics include, for example, polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polystyrene and expanded polystyrene (PS / PS-E).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PS / PS-E expanded polystyrene
  • a large part of the plastics produced are made up of polyethylene, polypropylene and polystyrene. This group is therefore of great relevance, also with regard to waste management, if you consider that polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene are the main material for plastic packaging and containers, which have a very short service life compared to other polymer products.
  • Chemical recycling processes are the subject of research: In chemical recycling, the polymers are usually separated into shorter oligomeric units or even monomers through the action of heat, catalysts and solvents. The oligomers and monomers obtained in this way can then be used again for plastics production, which saves primary resources.
  • US Pat. No. 6,472,557 B1 discloses a recycling process in which PET with zinc acetate in methanolic solution is heated under autogenous pressure in an autoclave.
  • Ortmann et al. describe the hydrolytic degradability of polyethylene-like polyacetals and polycarbonates (P. Ortmann, I. Heckler, S. Mecking, Green Chem., 2014, 16, 1816-1827). Experiments on hydrolytic degradation were carried out on solids in concentrated or dilute, in each case acidic or basic aqueous media, the focus being on the degradation of the polymers, but not on the recovery of the monomers used for their production.
  • the object of the present invention was therefore to provide polyethylene-like materials and an associated process which enables the monomers to be recovered as completely as possible from the polyethylene-like materials by solvolysis or a closed loop as possible for the recovery and renewed polymerisation of such monomers.
  • the polyethylene-like materials should have good degradability in the solvolysis process.
  • the terms “have”, “have”, “comprise” or “include” or any grammatical deviations therefrom are used in a non-exclusive manner. Accordingly, these terms can relate to situations in which, apart from the features introduced by these terms, no further features are present, or to situations in which one or more further features are present.
  • the terms “at least one” and “one or more” as well as grammatical modifications of these terms, if they are used in connection with one or more elements or features and are intended to express that the element or feature is provided once or several times can be used, as a rule, only once, for example when the feature or element is introduced for the first time. If the feature or element is subsequently mentioned again, the corresponding term “at least one” or “one or more” is generally no longer used, without this limiting the possibility that the feature or element can be provided once or several times.
  • CFI2 methylene groups
  • M n number average molecular weight
  • the number average molecular weight M n is determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against polystyrene standards in the range of 400-5,000,000 g / mol (universal calibration).
  • polyethylene-like polymer consist of methylene units (CFI2).
  • polyethylene-like polymer is common to those skilled in the art for such polymers (see, for example, Ortmann et al. (P. Ortmann, I. Fleckler, S. Mecking, Green Chem., 2014, 16, 1816-1827).
  • the polymers according to the invention have a solid-state structure as in the case of linear high-density polyethylene (HDPE), so in particular they have the same wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) as HDPE.
  • the polymers of the present invention have the same degrees of crystallinity as HDPE, preferably at least 60% from WAXS.
  • WAXS wide-angle X-ray scattering
  • the polymers of the present invention have the same degrees of crystallinity as HDPE, preferably at least 60% from WAXS.
  • LDPE low-density polyethylene only has a degree of crystallinity of approx.
  • the polymers of the present invention likewise have tensile elongation properties similar to those of HDPE, and the modulus of elasticity E y , which is in the range from 650 to 1100 MPa, and the elongation at elongation a y , which is in the range from 15 to 22 MPa, are comparable as with HDPE (E y approx. 1000 MPa, a y approx. 19 MPa).
  • this has a repeating unit of the general formula (I)
  • the general formula (I) is as follows: [-X- (CH 2 ) a -] n , where X ”and“ a ”have the meaning given.
  • the index "a” can be the same or different for each of the n repetition units, i.e. with n repetition units there is a maximum of n different values for the index "a".
  • the index “n”, which is given for the repeating unit of the general formula (I), preferably stands for an integer from the range from 8 to 60,000 (90 to 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer), more preferably from the range from 28 up to 47,000 (92 to 98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer).
  • this has a repeating unit of the general formula I (la)
  • Polyethylene-like polymers having a repeating unit of the general formula I (la) are also referred to as “polyesters”.
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (Ia), ie with n repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index “a”.
  • n stands for an integer from the range from 8 to 60,000, preferably from the range from 8 to 58,562 - this corresponds to an M n in the range of 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol a percentage of 90-99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding to 8-200 methylene groups per functional group in (la).
  • n stands for an integer from the range from 18 to 60,000, preferably from the range from 18 to 58,562 - with an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, this corresponds to a percentage of 90 - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n in (Ia) stands for an integer from the range from 28 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 28 to 46,984 - this corresponds to a percentage of with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol 92-98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding to 12-49 methylene groups per functional group in (la).
  • n stands for an integer from the range from 70 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 70 to 46,984 - this corresponds to a percentage of 92 for an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol - 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer.
  • the number average molecular weight is in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol.
  • this has a repeating unit of the general formula (Ib)
  • Polyethylene-like polymers having a repeating unit of the general formula I (Ib) are also referred to as “polycarbonates”.
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (Ib), ie with n repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index “a”.
  • the index “n”, which is given for the repeating unit of the general formula (Ib), stands for a whole Number from the range from 8 to 60,000, preferably from the range from 8 to 53,546 - with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, this corresponds to a percentage of 90 - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding to 8 - 200 methylene groups per functional group in (Ib).
  • n in (Ib) stands for an integer from the range from 28 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 28 to 43,698 - with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 92-98 mol% methylene groups, corresponding to 12-49 methylene groups per functional group in (Ib).
  • the number average molecular weight is in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol.
  • the present invention relates to a process for the preparation of monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III)
  • the index "a” can be the same or different for each of the m repeating units of the general formula (III), i.e. with m repeating units there are a maximum of m different values for the index "a".
  • polystyrene resin in particular polyolefins
  • polyolefins are present unchanged in polymeric form after the solvolysis stage (ii) has taken place, in addition to the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III).
  • the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III) can be separated off in a simple way from these substances, which are present unchanged in polymeric form.
  • the solvolysis process according to the invention enables multi-cycle recycling to be carried out, ie several rounds of polymerization of monomers, solvolysis and renewed polymerization of the monomers and / or oligomers obtained, etc. are possible. In other words, so-called “closed-loop recycling” is possible.
  • alcoholic and / or aqueous mixture according to (i) includes solutions and heterogeneous mixtures of alcohol and / or water with the polyethylene-like polymer. Analogously, it applies to the alcoholic and / or aqueous mixtures obtained according to ii) that they comprise solutions and heterogeneous mixtures of alcohol and / or water with the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III).
  • the polyethylene-like polymer used for the process has a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, preferably in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol. In preferred embodiments, it has a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol or in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol.
  • M n is also determined in the context of the second aspect of the invention by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against polystyrene standards in the range from 400-5,000,000 g / mol (universal calibration).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the process preferably further comprises: iv) optional purification of the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III) obtained in accordance with iii); v) Repolymerization of the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III) obtained according to iii) or iv) to give a polymer, preferably a polyethylene-like polymer.
  • Such a solvolysis process comprising step (v) represents closed recycling, wherein after step (v) a polymer is present which is equivalent to a polymer produced directly from the appropriate monomers, ie there is no deterioration in the mechanical and chemical properties of the material .
  • the general formula (I) is as follows: [-X- (CH 2 ) a -] n, where X ”and“ a ”have the meaning given.
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (I), i.e. with n repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index "a".
  • (I) is an integer from the range from 2 to 60,000 (90 to 99.5 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol). More preferably n stands for an integer from the range from 4 to 60,000 (90 to 99.5 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol), more preferably n stands for an integer the range from 8 to 60,000 (90 to 99.5 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol), more preferably n is an integer from the range from 18 to 60,000 (90 to 99.5 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol).
  • N is preferably an integer from the range from 8 to 47,000 (92 to 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol), more preferably from the range from 14 to 47,000 ( 92 to 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol), more preferably in the range from 28 to 47,000 (92 to 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range of 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol), more preferably from the range from 68 to 47,000 (92 to 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer with an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol).
  • the alcohol is selected from the group of monofunctional or polyfunctional C1 -C10 alcohols and mixtures thereof, the alcohol preferably one or more alcohols of the formula R-OFI comprises, where the radical R is a C1-C10-alkyl group, preferably a C1-C5-alkyl group, more preferably a C1- or C2-alkyl group; wherein the alcohol more preferably comprises methanol.
  • an alcoholic mixture is used, the alcoholic mixture of the polyethylene-like polymer according to i) having a water content in the range of 0 to 5% by weight, preferably in the range from 0 to 1% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0 to 0.55% by weight, more preferably of in the range from 0 to 0.1% by weight, based on the total weight of the alcoholic mixture.
  • the alcoholic and / or aqueous mixture of the polyethylene-like polymer according to i) comprises in the range from 0 to 20% by weight, preferably in the range from 0 to 15% by weight, more preferably in the range from 0 to 10% by weight, based in each case on the weight of the polyethylene-like polymer used, of a catalyst, preferably a basic catalyst, the basic catalyst is preferably selected from the group of alkali metal hydroxides, more preferably comprises at least KOH.
  • step ii) takes place at a pressure in the range from 0 to 500 bar, preferably 0.1 to 200 bar, more preferably 0.5 to 100 bar, more preferably 1 to 20 bar.
  • Step ii) is preferably carried out in a, preferably closed, system, more preferably in an autoclave.
  • Step ii) is preferably carried out for a period of time in the range from 10 seconds to 7 days, preferably 5 minutes to 24 hours, preferably from 30 minutes to 2 hours.
  • the alcoholic and / or aqueous mixture obtained according to ii) comprising monomers is carried out of the general formula (II) cooled, preferably to a temperature in the range from -100 to + 200 ° C, preferably -60 to +60 ° C, more preferably -30 to +30 ° C, and / or the pressure to a value is reduced in the range from 0.8 to 1.2 bar.
  • the separation of the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III) according to iii) is preferably carried out by means of one or more processes from the group consisting of precipitation, preferably by means of precipitation reagents, filtration, crystallization, centrifugation, distillation, evaporation and chromatography.
  • the polyethylene-like polymer has a repeating unit of the general formula (Ia)
  • Polyethylene-like polymers which have a repeating unit of the general formula (Ia) are also referred to as “polyesters”.
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (Ia), ie with n repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index “a”.
  • n which is given for the repeating unit of the general formula (Ia), stands for an integer from the range from 8 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 2 to 58,562 - this corresponds to an M n in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol a percentage of 90 - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer. More preferably, n in (Ia) is an integer from the range from 4 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 4 to 58,562 - this corresponds to a percentage of 90 for an M n in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n in (Ia) stands for an integer from the range from 8 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 8 to 58,562 - this corresponds to a percentage of with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol 90-99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding to 8-200 methylene groups per functional group in (la).
  • n in (Ia) stands for an integer from the range from 18 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 18 to 58,562 - this corresponds to an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol a percentage of 90-99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n is preferably an integer from the range from 8 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 8 to 46,984 - this corresponds to a percentage of 92 for an M n in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol - 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer. More preferably, n in (Ia) stands for an integer from the range from 14 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 14 to 46,984 - with an M n in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 92 - 98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n in (Ia) stands for an integer from the range from 28 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 28 to 46,984 - this corresponds to an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol a percentage of 92-98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding to 12-49 methylene groups per functional group in (la).
  • n in (Ia) stands for an integer from the range from 70 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 70 to 46,984 - this corresponds to an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol a percentage of 92-98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • the polyethylene-like polymer has a repeating unit of the general formula (Ib)
  • Polyethylene-like polymers which have a repeating unit of the general formula (Ib) are also referred to as “polycarbonates”.
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (lb), ie with n repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index “a”.
  • the index “n”, which is given for the repeating unit of the general formula (lb), stands for an integer from the range from 2 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 2 to 56,000, more preferably from the range from 2 to 53,546 - with an M n in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, this corresponds to a percentage of 90-99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n in (lb) stands for an integer from the range from 4 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 4 to 53,546 - with an M n in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 90 - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer. More preferably, n in (lb) stands for an integer from the range from 8 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 8 to 53,546 - with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 90 - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding - 200 methylene groups per functional group in (lb).
  • n in (lb) stands for an integer from the range from 18 to 60,000, more preferably from the range from 18 to 53,546 - with an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 90 - 99.5 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n is preferably an integer from the range from 8 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 8 to 43,698 - this corresponds to a percentage of 92 for an M n in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol - 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer. More preferably, n in (lb) stands for an integer from the range from 14 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 14 to 43,698 - with an M n in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 92 - 98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer.
  • n in (lb) stands for an integer from the range from 28 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 28 to 43,698 - with an M n in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol this corresponds to a percentage of 92-98 mol% methylene groups in the polymer, corresponding to 12-49 methylene groups per functional group in (lb). More preferably, n in (lb) stands for an integer from the range from 68 to 47,000, more preferably from the range from 68 to 43,698 - this corresponds to a percentage of 92 for an M n in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol - 98 mol% of methylene groups in the polymer.
  • the alcoholic and / or aqueous mixture obtained in ii) preferably comprises monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III) furthermore monomers of the general formula (IV)
  • R 1 , R 2 are each a C1-C10-alkyl group, preferably a C1-C5-alkyl group, more preferably a C1- or C2-alkyl group; where the monomers of the general formula (IV) are preferably separated off in iii) together with the monomers of the general formula (II) and / or oligomers of the general formula (III) from the alcoholic and / or aqueous mixture obtained according to ii).
  • a third aspect of the invention relates to a composition
  • a composition comprising a monomer of the general formula (II) and / or an oligomer of the general formula (III)
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (III), ie with m repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index "a".
  • R 1 , R 2 are each a C1-C10-alkyl group, preferably a C1-C5-alkyl group, more preferably a C1- or C2-alkyl group.
  • the polyethylene-like polymer preferably has a repeating unit of the general formula (I)
  • the general formula (I) is as follows: [-X- (CH 2 ) a -] n , where X ”and“ a ”have the meaning given.
  • the index “a” can be the same or different for each of the n repeating units of the general formula (III), ie with n repeating units there is a maximum of n different values for the index “a”.
  • the preferably polyethylene-like polymer used has a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range from 5,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol, preferably in the range from 10,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol. In preferred embodiments, it has a number average molecular weight (M n ) in the range from 20,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol or in the range from 50,000 to 10,000,000 g / mol.
  • M n is determined by means of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) against polystyrene standards in the range of 400-5,000,000 g / mol (universal calibration).
  • GPC gel permeation chromatography
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a finished part.
  • the finished part can be a component of a device, such as, for example, a component of a machine.
  • the finished part is a gear.
  • the method includes providing a material comprising a polyethylene-like polymer.
  • CH2 methylene groups
  • 0 0
  • Details relating to the, preferably polyethylene-like, polymer are as described above for the second aspect of the invention.
  • the prefabricated part is produced by molding the material provided in this way.
  • archetypes can in particular be understood to mean a production method according to DIN 8580, in which a solid body is produced from a shapeless material, which has a geometrically defined shape. Archetypes are used to produce the initial form of a solid body and to create the cohesion of the material. In principle, starting materials in liquid, gaseous, plastic, granular or powdery state can be used for the primary shaping, i.e. with different rheological behavior.
  • the primary shaping of the material includes thermal primary shaping, i.e. primary shaping with simultaneous supply of heat.
  • the primary molding is at least one method selected from the group consisting of: injection molding, extrusion, calendering, rotational molding, injection blow molding.
  • this method can be used to produce any finished part that can be produced by means of primary molding of the material described.
  • the invention relates to a method for producing a finished part from a material, the material comprising a polyethylene-like polymer.
  • CH2 methylene groups
  • Details relating to the, preferably polyethylene-like, polymer are as described above for the second aspect of the invention.
  • the finished part is manufactured using an additive manufacturing process.
  • an “additive manufacturing process” can in particular be understood to mean a manufacturing process in which the material is applied layer by layer and thus three-dimensional objects (workpieces) are produced.
  • the layer-by-layer structure is computer-controlled from one or more liquid or solid materials according to specified dimensions and shapes.
  • find physical or chemical hardening or melting processes take place.
  • no special tools such as casting molds are required for a specific product, which have stored the respective geometry of the workpiece.
  • the additive manufacturing process is preferably 3-D printing.
  • 3-D printing can be understood to mean, in particular, a manufacturing method in which the material is applied layer by layer and three-dimensional objects (workpieces) are produced in this way.
  • the layer-by-layer structure is computer-controlled from one or more liquid or solid materials according to specified dimensions and shapes. Physical or chemical hardening or melting processes take place during construction. Although it is often a molding process, no special tools such as casting molds are required for a specific product, which have saved the respective geometry of the workpiece.
  • the material is provided as a filament.
  • filament can be understood to mean in particular thermoplastic plastics made from the material described above, which are used in wire form, especially made up on rolls, in the FDM / FFF process (FDM - Fused Deposition Modeling; FFF - Fused Filament Fabrication) .
  • the ethanol began to condense out over the condensation bridge.
  • the reaction conditions were maintained until condensate no longer formed.
  • the bubble counter on the condensation bridge was replaced by a membrane pump and the The oligomerization reaction was continued at 180 ° C. under reduced pressure (900 mbar to 10 mbar).
  • the structure was flushed with nitrogen, the condensation bridge was replaced by a glass stopper and a high vacuum ( ⁇ 1-5 x 10 2 mbar) was applied via the Schlenk line.
  • the magnetic stirrer was switched off due to the high viscosity of the polymer melt already reached at this point in the reaction.
  • the polycondensation reaction was continued until the polymer melt was no longer flowable due to the high viscosity.
  • xylene was added in a nitrogen countercurrent at 120 ° C. in the next step.
  • the magnetic stirrer was switched on again.
  • a homogeneous solution of the polymer had formed, which was precipitated in cold propan-2-ol.
  • the precipitated solid was washed repeatedly in propan-2-ol and finally dried overnight in a vacuum drying cabinet.
  • the yield was typically over 95 mol% PC-18 based on the 1,18-octadecanediol used.
  • the polymer was characterized by 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography and a tensile strain experiment.
  • the mechanical properties of the polymer were in the typical range of polyethylene-like materials with an elongation at break of 200-400% with a modulus of elasticity of 500 to 1000 MPa.
  • the polymer had a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 88 kg / mol.
  • PC-48 was synthesized from 1,48-octadecanediol analogously to the described production of PC-18 according to Example 1, 1,48-octadecanediol being produced from erucic acid by means of a catalytic process published elsewhere.
  • 1,48-octadecanediol (10.0 g) were dried in a three-necked Schlenk tube with a magnetic stirrer at 100 ° C and then with diethyl carbonate (8.5 ml, 5 equiv.) And LiH (1.1 mg, 1 mol%) offset.
  • the reaction mixture was oligomerized analogously to the synthesis of PC-18 and then polymerized at 180 ° C.
  • the resulting polymer was finally dissolved in xylene in portions and precipitated in cold propan-2-ol.
  • the precipitated solid could be obtained in quantitative yield by filtration (10.19 g, 98%).
  • the polymer was characterized by 1 H and 13 C-NMR spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography.
  • the polymer had a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 40 kg / mol.
  • methanol began to condense out over the Condensation bridge.
  • the reaction conditions were maintained until condensate no longer formed.
  • the bubble counter on the condensation bridge was replaced by a membrane pump and the oligomerization reaction was continued at 180 ° C. under negative pressure (900 mbar to 10 mbar).
  • the condensation bridge was replaced by a glass stopper and a high vacuum ( ⁇ 1-5 x 10 2 mbar) was applied via the Schlenk line. Due to the high viscosity of the polymer melt already reached at this point in time of the reaction, the magnetic stirrer was switched off. The polycondensation reaction was continued until the polymer melt was no longer flowable due to the high viscosity.
  • the mechanical properties of the polycondensate were in the typical range of polyethylene-like materials with an elongation at break of 350-500% and a modulus of elasticity of 900 to 1100 MPa.
  • the polymer had a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 50 kg / mol.
  • a nozzle For the production of 3D printing filament on a laboratory scale, a nozzle was used which was connected to a laboratory compounder Xplore MC-5 and thus allowed the extrusion of dimensionally accurate filament of the polycondensates described.
  • the polymer melt emerging from the compounder was passed through the nozzle, cooled down in the process and emerged from the nozzle as a dimensionally stable filament.
  • the nozzle attached to the compounder was first preheated to the temperature of the compounder for about 5 minutes.
  • the filament was then extruded with the respective material-specific parameters.
  • a single compounder filling allowed approx. 4 g of filament to be extruded.
  • Two commercially available dyes (Omnidynamics MBR and MBB) and carbon fiber (diameter ⁇ 7 mm ⁇ 2, length: 200 mm ⁇ 30) were selected as examples for typical polymer additives in order to produce the corresponding compounds with PC-18 and PE-18,18 .
  • To produce dyed filaments 4.85 g of PC-18 or PE-18.18 were compounded with 150 mg (3% by weight) of dye at 150 ° C. for at least 30 minutes and then extruded as a filament.
  • To produce carbon fiber-reinforced PC-18 4.5 g of polymer were compounded with 500 mg of carbon fiber at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes and then extruded as a filament.
  • a steel autoclave with a glass insert was used (300 ml usable internal volume).
  • 20.0 g (64 mmol) PC-18 (melt-processed, coarsely comminuted pieces), 250 ml KOH basic EtOH (10% by weight with respect to PC-18) and a magnetic stir bar were placed in the glass insert.
  • the autoclave was heated to 120 ° C. on a hot plate and magnetically stirred at 500 revolutions per minute. After the typical depolymerization time of 1 to 24 hours, the heater was switched off and the autoclave was cooled to 40 ° C. The warm solution was quantitatively rinsed into a beaker with EtOH.
  • a steel autoclave with a glass insert was used for the hydrolysis of PC-18.
  • 200 mg PC-18 (melt-processed, coarsely comminuted pieces), 5 ml KOH basic water (50% by weight with respect to PC-18) and a magnetic stir bar were placed in the glass insert.
  • the autoclave was heated to 180 ° C. on a hot plate and stirred at 500 revolutions per minute. After a depolymerization time of 24 hours, the heater was switched off and the autoclave was cooled to room temperature. The solids were filtered off, washed with water and dried.
  • the yield of 1,18-octadecanediol was> 98% and the product was characterized by means of 1 H-NMR, the 1 H-NMR spectrum being shown in FIG.
  • Example 7 Separation of PC-18 from polyolefins by depolymerization
  • a blue-colored piece of a 3D-printed PC-18 piece was mixed with one colored piece of commercial polypropylene as well as polyethylene together in a glass insert for pressure reactors with KOH basic MeOH (10% by weight with respect to PC-18) depolymerized (100 ° C., 500 revolutions per minute for 24 h to ensure complete conversion).
  • KOH basic MeOH 10% by weight with respect to PC-18
  • the depolymerization of PE-18.18 (25.0 g of uncolored polymer or 5.0 g of polymer colored by means of Omnidynamics MBR) was carried out in a glass tube autoclave (500 ml volume).
  • the glass tube was filled with a strong lanthanoid magnetic stir bar, melt-processed and pre-cut PE-18.18 and methanol (16 ml per 1 g PE-18.18) and heated in a heating block (120 ° C at 200 U / min).
  • reaction mixture was transferred quantitatively to a round bottom flask and the methanol solvent was then removed under reduced pressure.
  • This method provided a colorless, stoichiometrically exact 1: 1 mixture of the two monomers used (1,18-octadecanediol and 1,18-dimethyloctadecanedioate), which could be demonstrated by 1 H-N MR experiments.
  • the yield was quantitative (27.6 g of the 1: 1 monomer mixture of 25.0 g of PE-18.18).
  • the 1: 1 monomer mixture from example 8 could without purification analogously to the described production of “virgin” PE-18,18 from example 3 to give equivalent polymer (ie no deterioration in the mechanical and chemical properties of the material, such as due to tensile strain, among others Experiments, 1 H-NMR and gel permeation chromatography could be shown) to be repolymerized.
  • the polymer had a number average molecular weight (M n ) of 79 kg / mol.
  • black-colored polypropylene - as an example of a widely used commercial plastic - was added to the PE-18, 18 and depolymerization was carried out as in Example 8.
  • the black-colored polypropylene was unchanged after the process and could easily be removed from the colorless monomer mixture using tweezers.
  • a commercially available, unmodified printer of the Prusa brand with the model name Prusa i3 MK3 was used for the 3D printing of the polycondensates described. This was equipped with a pressure bed made of stainless steel, covered with a polyetherimide film (PEI).
  • PEI polyetherimide film
  • Nozzle diameter 0.8 mm
  • Nozzle temperature 230 ° C
  • FIG. 1 shows a stress-strain diagram for tensile-strain test pieces 100, 102, 104, 106 according to ISO 527-2-5A made from PC-18, which were produced by means of the printer with the specified parameters.
  • the PC-18 filaments mentioned in Example 4 and Table 1 were used as starting materials for the measurement results shown by way of example in FIG.
  • the elongation is indicated in% on the X-axis 108.
  • the stress is indicated in MPa on the Y-axis 110.
  • the curves only represent the result of a measurement according to ISO 527-2-5A, which are within the fluctuation of all test specimens examined.
  • ISO 527-2-5A made from PC-18
  • curve 112 indicates the measurement result for a white test body 100
  • curve 114 indicates the measurement result for a red test body 102
  • curve 116 indicates the measurement result for a blue test body 104
  • curve 118 indicates the measurement result of a carbon fiber-reinforced one Blends as material for the test body 106 for comparison.
  • the mechanical properties of the tensile-strain test specimens 100, 102, 104, 106 (ISO 527-2-5A) produced from PE-18, 18 and PC-18 using 3D printing correspond to the polyethylene-like properties of those using injection molding from the same polymers manufactured test specimen. With the polymers described in this patent, HDPE-like properties can thus be achieved using both injection molding and 3D printing.
  • Figure 2A shows the front view and Figure 2B the corresponding rear view of the smartphone protective cover 200 made of PE-18,18.
  • Figures 2A and 2B very good printability can be achieved with the material PE-18,18, which enables (additive) manufacturing even of complex objects.
  • the printing parameters for making a small cup 300 made from colored PC-48 are given below. It is an extract of the relevant parameters from the G code used to create the object:
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the cup 300 produced in this way.
  • the cup was filled with water 302 at a temperature of at least 95 ° C. and visually examined for changes in shape.
  • a cup of the same shape was made from polylactides (PLA) (not shown in more detail) and also filled with water at a temperature of at least 95 ° C.
  • PLA polylactides
  • the cup made of PLA has deformed significantly. This shows that the PC-48 material is more thermally robust compared to PLA.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne selon un premier aspect un polymère de type polyéthylène comprenant des groupes méthylène (CH2) et au moins un groupe fonctionnel sélectionné parmi le groupe O-C(=O) et le groupe O-C(=O)-O, le polymère de type polyéthylène présentant une masse moléculaire moyenne en nombre (Mn) comprise entre 20.000 et 10.000.000 g/mol. Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication de monomères spécifiques de formule générale (II) et/ou d'oligomères spécifiques de formule générale (III). Selon un troisième aspect, l'invention concerne une composition comprenant un monomère de formule générale (II) et/ou un oligomère de formule générale (III), la composition étant obtenue ou pouvant être obtenue selon le procédé du deuxième aspect. Un quatrième aspect de l'invention concerne l'utilisation de la composition selon le troisième aspect de la fabrication de polymères. Un quatrième aspect de l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément préfabriqué, comprenant la fourniture d'une matière qui présente un polymère de type polyéthylène, et la mise en forme primaire de la matière. Un sixième aspect de l'invention concerne un procédé de fabrication d'un élément préfabriqué à partir d'une matière, ladite matière présentant un polymère de type polyéthylène, l'élément préfabriqué étant fabriqué au moyen d'un procédé de fabrication additive.
EP21722500.2A 2020-05-06 2021-05-05 Matières de type polyéthylène, leur solvolyse et fabrication à partir desdites matières d'éléments préfabriqués Pending EP4146730A2 (fr)

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PCT/EP2021/061801 WO2021224303A2 (fr) 2020-05-06 2021-05-05 Matières de type polyéthylène, leur solvolyse et fabrication à partir desdites matières d'éléments préfabriqués

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EP21722500.2A Pending EP4146730A2 (fr) 2020-05-06 2021-05-05 Matières de type polyéthylène, leur solvolyse et fabrication à partir desdites matières d'éléments préfabriqués

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WO2024133402A1 (fr) 2022-12-24 2024-06-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Mimétiques de polymères recyclables à plusieurs reprises de polyéthylène haute densité
WO2024133401A2 (fr) 2022-12-24 2024-06-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Mimétiques de polymère recyclable à plusieurs reprises (rr-pm) de polymères de polyéthylène à basse densité (ldpe)
WO2024133403A1 (fr) 2022-12-24 2024-06-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Mimétiques de polymères recyclables à plusieurs reprises (rr-pm) de polyéthylène à basse densité linéaire
WO2024133399A2 (fr) 2022-12-24 2024-06-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Mimétiques de polymères recyclables à plusieurs reprises (rr-pm) de polymères de polypropylène (pp)
WO2024133397A1 (fr) 2022-12-24 2024-06-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Mimétiques de copolymère de plastomère recyclables de manière répétée (rr-pcpm) de copolymères de plastomère de polyoléfine (pop)
WO2024133398A1 (fr) 2022-12-24 2024-06-27 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Mimétiques de copolymères élastomères recyclables à plusieurs reprises (rr-ecpms) de copolymères élastomères de polyoléfine (poe)

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