EP4117451A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines aromabeladenen gases, aromabeladenes gas und verwendung des aromabeladenen gases - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung eines aromabeladenen gases, aromabeladenes gas und verwendung des aromabeladenen gasesInfo
- Publication number
- EP4117451A1 EP4117451A1 EP21712133.4A EP21712133A EP4117451A1 EP 4117451 A1 EP4117451 A1 EP 4117451A1 EP 21712133 A EP21712133 A EP 21712133A EP 4117451 A1 EP4117451 A1 EP 4117451A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aroma
- gas
- laden
- solid phase
- product
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- 244000299461 Theobroma cacao Species 0.000 description 1
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- DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethyl citrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)CC(O)(C(=O)OCC)CC(=O)OCC DOOTYTYQINUNNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000851 Vaccinium corymbosum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003095 Vaccinium corymbosum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 235000014571 nuts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003204 osmotic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000419 plant extract Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/54—Mixing with gases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L2/00—Non-alcoholic beverages; Dry compositions or concentrates therefor; Their preparation
- A23L2/52—Adding ingredients
- A23L2/56—Flavouring or bittering agents
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
- A23L27/11—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof obtained by solvent extraction
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L27/00—Spices; Flavouring agents or condiments; Artificial sweetening agents; Table salts; Dietetic salt substitutes; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L27/10—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof
- A23L27/115—Natural spices, flavouring agents or condiments; Extracts thereof obtained by distilling, stripping, or recovering of volatiles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0203—Solvent extraction of solids with a supercritical fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/028—Flow sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D11/00—Solvent extraction
- B01D11/02—Solvent extraction of solids
- B01D11/0288—Applications, solvents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/32—Bonded phase chromatography
- B01D15/325—Reversed phase
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
- B01D15/08—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography
- B01D15/26—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism
- B01D15/40—Selective adsorption, e.g. chromatography characterised by the separation mechanism using supercritical fluid as mobile phase or eluent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing an aroma-laden gas, an aroma-laden gas, the use of the aroma-laden gas, in particular the use of aroma-laden carbon dioxide, and a method for aromatizing a product.
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- non-alcoholic beverages such as sparkling wines (sparkling wine), lemonades or beers.
- sparkling wines sparkling wine
- lemonades or beers This calls for the search for new manufacturing techniques that enable drinks or food to be produced not only with an enjoyable taste and a pleasant smell, but also completely without the use of ethanol.
- Such products are basically in the course of a healthier way of life and are particularly interesting for countries in which it is assumed that food is halal in accordance with religious regulations (Halal certificates).
- alcohol-free does not necessarily mean "without alcohol”.
- beer and wine advertised as “alcohol-free” may contain a maximum of 0.5% alcohol by volume. If another drink (than wine or beer) is advertised as “non-alcoholic", it must actually contain no alcohol at all, the alcohol content is therefore 0.0% by volume, otherwise the label "alcohol-free” is viewed as misleading and deceiving consumers.
- a supercritical fluid has properties of both gas and liquid. In this supercritical state, such a fluid or gas, for example C02, functions as a solvent.
- Supercritical carbon dioxide has a density very similar to the density of a liquid, but has the same viscosity as a gas. This results in higher diffusion coefficients than in the liquid phase and thus higher mass transport. It can dissolve or extract materials in a sample.
- solid phase extraction is a sample preparation method with regard to a possible enrichment, concentration or isolation of an analyte.
- SPE solid phase extraction
- a liquid phase is extracted from a solid phase (sorbent).
- the fractionation of a tomato extract using a solid phase extraction is mentioned, for example, in EP 2844083 B1.
- EP 3063260 describes a process for the extraction of two or more fractions from hop oil, in which the hop oil loaded on an adsorbent carrier is treated first with liquid carbon dioxide for the purpose of separating the first fraction and then with supercritical carbon dioxide for the purpose of separating the second fraction.
- the other fractions can be separated off when the supercritical carbon dioxide is combined with a co-solvent.
- EP 0062893 A1 discloses a method for producing plant extracts with improved sensory properties.
- the plant parts are first extracted with supercritical CO2, for example. Then the extracted plant ingredients are deposited on a powder or granulate carrier material. The residues of the plant parts are subjected to a second extraction with water and / or a monohydric Cl-C3 alcohol, the extract obtained being dried. The ones after the first and second Extraction obtained Products are combined by mixing.
- the object is therefore to find an improved method for producing an aroma-laden carbon dioxide which is suitable for introducing aroma / aroma mixtures into foods, cosmetic products and / or pharmaceutical products which can be labeled "without alcohol".
- Another object of the invention is to find a method which enables the flavoring substances to be "enriched” from very dilute starting solutions (which only contain traces of flavoring substances) in the end product, namely in the aroma-laden gas and, if necessary, to assemble various flavoring compositions in the end product.
- step (b) Passing through a solid phase extraction column (SPE column) the liquid phase provided in step (a) to obtain the one loaded with one or more aromatic substances solid phase (sorbent), optionally can step
- the method according to the invention even allows the flavoring substances to be extracted in a concentrated form from very dilute, preferably aqueous, starting solutions.
- the aroma substances are first adsorbed or concentrated on the solid phase of an SPE column and, with the help of a further extraction with supercritical and / or liquid gas, preferably with supercritical CO 2 , converted into the aroma-laden gas, which can be characterized as alcohol-free.
- Gas serves both as an extraction agent and as a carrier material for the aroma substances and can easily be removed from these aroma substances and, if necessary, recycled.
- Another advantage of the present process is that, thanks to the concentration of the aroma substances in the SPE column, much less gas and less energy is consumed during extraction with supercritical and / or liquid gas to obtain the same amount of aroma substances than during extraction with supercritical and / or liquid gas directly from a very dilute starting solution.
- the method according to the invention is therefore more environmentally friendly and, from an economic point of view, better optimized than the previously known methods for producing a flavor-containing carbon dioxide. In addition, no further materials are necessary to stabilize the manufactured product.
- liquid phase includes any starting solution, starting emulsion or starting suspension that meets the requirements for sample preparation for SPE.
- This starting solution, starting emulsion or starting suspension contains at least one solvent and one or more flavorings, both animal as well as of vegetable origin.
- the starting materials for the aromatic substances are selected from the group consisting of plants, plant parts (such as flowers, buds, leaves, stems, stalks, bark, roots, tubers, onions, rhizomes, fruits and seeds, for example from nuts, berries, fruit, Vegetables, grains, pseudo-grains, tobacco and / or spices), animal products (such as honey, meat, bones and body fluids, milk), foods and food raw materials.
- plant parts such as flowers, buds, leaves, stems, stalks, bark, roots, tubers, onions, rhizomes, fruits and seeds, for example from nuts, berries, fruit, Vegetables, grains, pseudo-grains, tobacco and / or spices
- animal products such as honey, meat, bones and body fluids, milk
- foods and food raw materials can, for example, be in fresh, cooked, dried, fermented form or in a form prepared for consumption as food or luxury goods.
- the liquid phase can be a condensate or rinse water, which arises in the processing of fruits or in the production of beverages such as fruit juices, coffee, tea and beer.
- the liquid phase can also be a drink itself and, for example, be selected from the group that includes fruit juices,
- the invention creates the possibility of obtaining flavorings from waste or bypass flows.
- One advantage of the invention is to enrich, by means of a preconcentration in the solid phase extraction column, the extremely low concentration of aroma substances in such “waste streams” or “side streams” at least to the extent that they can be extracted.
- Obtaining waste or bypass streams directly from such a starting material is generally not economically feasible due to the very low concentrations there, at least not without the use of ethanol or other organic solvents. Accordingly, recovery directly from such a starting material for waste or bypass streams is currently not possible economically and in food quality without the use of ethanol.
- the aqueous phases generally contain in the range from 0.0001 to 1%, frequently from 0.05 to 0.5%, flavoring substances. This can be illustrated using an example of juice extraction from apples with the following information:
- the proportion of aromatic oil of 0.3 kg based on 100 kg from the 2nd stage results in 0.3%. In relation to 1500 kg from the 1st stage, the result is 0.02%. In relation to the non-concentrated total condensate amount of 187,500 kg, this results in 0.00016%.
- the invention enables flavorings to be obtained from liquids, in particular from beverages and from "waste streams" such as condensates from evaporators or from water obtained in freeze-drying, or from rinse water from cleaning large industrial plants. Volatile substances are enriched. These are not fractionated , but in relation to the respective starting material as an entire "aroma portfolio". According to the invention, the starting concentration of the flavoring substance is not important; it can be as low as desired.
- the aroma substances according to the invention are concentrated and obtained without organic enrichment and therefore in particular free of ethanol.
- step b) is preferably carried out at room temperature, in particular without external heating.
- the separation with a gas in the liquid or supercritical state in step c) can also be carried out at relatively low temperatures, in the case of supercritical CO 2 for example already at 31 ° C.
- the invention By pre-concentrating all of the aromas of a starting material in step b), the invention enables a particularly environmentally friendly extraction of these aromas in step c), which saves a significant amount of solvent, i.e. gas in a liquid or supercritical state, compared to a pure extraction with such Gas allowed.
- solvent i.e. gas in a liquid or supercritical state
- “flavoring” denotes a substance that is odorous
- Raspberry alpha- and beta-ionone, 2E-hexenal, delta-decalactone, 3Z-hexenol, linalool, geraniol
- Lemon citral, geraniol, beta-pinene, cherry: benzaldehyde, 2E-hexenol, 2E-hexenal, hexanal, beta-damascenone,
- Banana 3-methylbutylbutyrate, 3-methylbutyl acetate, hexanal, eugenol
- Pear hexyl acetate, 3-methylbutyl acetate, 2E-hexenyl acetate ethyl-2E, 4Z-decadienoate,
- beta-damascenone 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3 (2H) -furanone, furfurylthiol-2, 4-vinylguaiacol, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylfuran-2 (5H) -one, isomeric isopropylmethoxypyrazine , isomeric ethyldimethylpyrazine,
- Tomato 3Z-hexenol, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3 (2H) -furanone, beta-damascenone, dimethyl sulfide
- Mint L-menthol, menthone, L-carvone,
- Beer isoamyl acetate, 2-phenylethanol, ethyl butyrate,
- any solvent known in the food, cosmetic or pharmaceutical industry and suitable for solid phase extraction can be used as the solvent mentioned in step (a).
- the solvent is preferred from the Group selected which comprises water, water-miscible, in particular polar solvents and mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of one or more water-miscible solvents. Salty water is also an option.
- the water-miscible, polar solvents can be selected, for example, from the group comprising water, ethanol, propylene glycol, isopropyl alcohol and mixtures thereof. Water or water-containing mixtures are particularly preferred as solvents, the water content being at least 90% by volume. Water is particularly preferred as a solvent.
- the liquid phase which contains water and water-containing mixtures as solvents, is referred to as the "aqueous phase" in the context of the present invention.
- the minimum concentration which is the limit of detection (LOD)
- LOD limit of detection
- Ratio signals from samples that contain the analyte in low concentrations are compared with the signal from a blank sample).
- the detection limits range between 0.5 and 2 ng / 1.
- the analytical methods that use such have low detection limits are, for example, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
- the "solid phase” refers to sorbent (adsorbent) or cartridges filled with it, which are filled into the SPE column.
- non-polar sorbents are used Volume can usually be in the range of a few milliliters up to a thousand liters.
- the non-polar sorbents include, for example, polymer materials or silica gels that are hydrophobically modified for the reversed-phase SPE and are therefore non-polar.
- the cross-linked polymers typically in the form of resin grains (synthetic Adsorber resins) are considered suitable, porous adsorber resin without a functional group, which has crosslinked polystyrene as a matrix, is preferred.
- adsorption materials that can be used in the context of the invention are variously crosslinked polystyrenes, such as copolymers of ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene, vinylpyrrolidone and divinylbenzene, vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene, styrene and divinylbenzene, but also other polymers such as polyaromatics, polystyrenes, poly (meth) acrylates, polypropylenes, polyesters and / or polytetrafluoroethylene.
- polystyrenes such as copolymers of ethylvinylbenzene and divinylbenzene, vinylpyrrolidone and divinylbenzene, vinylpyridine and divinylbenzene, styrene and divinylbenzene, but also other polymers such as polyaromatics, polystyrenes, poly (meth) acrylates, polypropylenes, polyesters and
- the “solid phase”, in particular the adsorber resins used at least as part of the solid phase, has or have such a porosity that the specific surface the solid phase or the adsorber resin, for example determinable by the BET method, is in the range from 500 to 1500 m 2 / g, especially in the range from 700 to 900 m 2 / g, with 800 m 2 / g being particularly preferred.
- Such solid phases are commercially available, for example in the form of adsorber resins.
- the pore diameter of such a solid phase or such adsorber resin is up to 10 nm, preferably from 5 to 10 nm.
- step (b) the liquid phase provided in step (a) is transported through the solid phase extraction column with pressure from above or below, the flavoring substances from the liquid phase being adsorbed or respectively on this sorbent by a sorbent in the SPE column . to be enriched.
- Step (b) can be carried out (or, if necessary, repeated) until the solid phase is completely saturated with aromatic substances and / or the aqueous phase is completely purified of aromatic substances, so that the full spectrum of aromas of the aqueous phase can be obtained (exhaustive extraction) .
- This is an advantage over fractional (discriminatory) distillation processes.
- step (b) When selecting the suitable temperature and pressure for the solid phase extraction according to step (b), care should be taken that the liquid phase has a viscosity that is as low as possible and that the flavoring substances remain stable.
- the preferred one
- the temperature range is between 4 and 20 ° C. However, different temperatures are also conceivable (e.g. 0 to 100 ° C), if there are technological or physico-chemical necessities for this.
- a prerequisite is a sufficiently high adsorptive capacity, which can be guaranteed in the range from 0 to 60 ° C.
- the adsorber resins can be used in which, in particular linear, flow velocities of 0.5 to 50 m / h can be achieved.
- the flow rate of the liquid phase is referred to as the linear velocity for a solid phase extraction.
- step (b) the solid phase will be fully or partially loaded with one or more aromatic substances, so that it can be extracted / eluted with a gas in a supercritical and / or liquid state in step (c).
- step (b) is followed by step (bl) in which water as solvent is passed through a loaded SPE column.
- water as solvent is passed through a loaded SPE column.
- a solvent e.g. ethanol
- the water can be salty.
- Rinsing with water can be carried out in such a way that there are essentially no traces of such a solvent as ethanol in the end product (aromatised gas, in particular CO2), so that the end product is practically free of ethanol.
- step (c) one or more flavoring substances are separated from the solid phase with a gas in the liquid and / or supercritical state.
- Gas in liquid and / or supercritical state is understood to mean a non-polar, compressed (compressed) or cryogenic liquefied gas which is gaseous under standard conditions (25 ° C. and 101.3 kPa) a pure form, as well as in the form of a mixture with another gas and / or a co-solvent, preferably an organic solvent.
- Carbon dioxide (CO2) and / or nitrous oxide (N2O, laughing gas) are preferred.
- Carbon dioxide in a supercritical state is particularly preferred.
- Step (c) is carried out either directly in the SPE column or in a device suitable for this purpose.
- the SPE column in step (c) is flowed through from bottom to top with the gas in the liquid and / or supercritical state, preferably with supercritical CO 2.
- An alternative possibility is to remove the aroma-laden solid phase after step (b) from the SPE column and to transfer it to a device which is used for Extraction with supercritical and / or liquid gas is suitable.
- a device for example, a column can be used which has the same or a similar construction as the SPE column in step (b).
- the sorbent in the SPE column can be accommodated between two frits in a tube made of an inert material, for example made of plastic or stainless steel, or in one or more plastic cartridge (s) will.
- step (c) care should be taken to ensure that gas, preferably CO 2, remains in the supercritical or liquid state and that the aromatic substances are not impaired.
- gas preferably CO 2
- Step (c) can be carried out until an essentially complete separation of the flavoring substances is achieved.
- an aroma-laden gas can be provided in step c) which, measured in% by weight, has, for example, up to 2000 times higher, in particular about 400 to about 500 times higher concentration of the aroma substance or aromas which contains the starting material in step a).
- the separation of the aromatic substances can be assisted by using a solvent, in particular an organic solvent, in addition to the at least one gas in the liquid and / or supercritical state in step c) during the detachment.
- a solvent in particular an organic solvent
- Suitable solvents are in particular the solvents mentioned above in relation to step a).
- the solvent can be removed again from the aroma-laden gas in a step cl) after step c).
- step (c) is an essentially alcohol-free, aroma-laden gas in a supercritical or liquid state.
- the aroma laden gas can be collected. This can be done in suitable containers, for example.
- the aroma-laden gas can also be collected within the scope of the invention by introducing the aroma-laden gas into a material in which the aroma is absorbed or dissolved.
- This material can be a liquid, in particular a solution, an emulsion and / or a suspension and / or a dispersion of a gas in a liquid, for example a whipped liquid such as cream or a foam based on another liquid.
- the material can also be an oil, a food ingredient or a food additive or even a flavor.
- the gas obtained in step c) can itself be used for foaming, or the gas is removed when it is introduced into the material in question, so that only the aroma is transferred to the material.
- the material which comprises the aroma obtained in step c) can be added to the actually intended end product.
- the material can be selected from the group which edible oils, fruit kernel oils, triglycerides, propylene glycol, triacetin, triethyl citrate, flavor carriers, emulsions and slurries, in particular slurries that are suitable, aromas by means of suitable To convert drying processes, for example spray drying, into a dry form.
- the material can comprise a sorbent solid, such as, for example, parts of plants, in particular cereals, seeds, fruits, vegetables.
- the aroma-laden gas obtained in step c) can also be fed to further processing without collecting after step c) has been carried out. Should carbon dioxide be used in the supercritical state in step (c), the product in the collecting container is also obtained in a supercritical state.
- the aroma-laden gas in particular aroma-laden carbon dioxide, which was produced by the method according to the invention, is practically solvent-free.
- the amount of solvent in the aroma-laden gas is a maximum of 0.05% by volume.
- the aroma can be at least partially separated from the aroma-laden gas, for example after step (c) and / or after step d).
- the at least partial separation of a flavoring substance or several, in particular all, flavoring substances from the gas from the aroma-laden gas with recovery of a flavoring substance or a mixture of flavoring substances in a step dl) is provided.
- the invention therefore enables in addition to the use of the aroma-laden gas also the use of a gas with concentrated aroma obtained or the use of the obtained aroma alone
- Aromas Furthermore, the use of a separating device offers the advantage of reducing costs, since only the flow resistance of the separating device, for example the osmotic pressure difference of a membrane, has to be overcome in order to obtain the aroma substances, compared to an expansion of the aroma-laden gas until the aroma substance or aroma substances precipitate.
- the aroma-laden gas can be passed through a membrane filter for the purpose of pressure reduction.
- the pore size of the membrane filter is selected, for example, so that the gas molecules, preferably CC ⁇ molecules, which are usually smaller than flavor molecules, are allowed to pass and the flavor substances remain.
- Such membrane filters are known, for example, from "Membrane Technology and Research, Inc.”.
- the reverse dimensioning of the pore size is also possible, so that the gas molecules are retained on the membrane filter and the aroma passes through the filter Flavor molecules are separated from gas molecules Whether the aroma is retained or passes through the filter depends on the selection of the filter material, in particular the choice of membrane.
- the filtered off and flavor-free gas can either be released into the atmosphere or collected again and recycled in the process according to the invention and thereby returned to step c).
- the aroma-laden gas can according to the invention in addition to or in addition to the use of membranes described above be relaxed in other ways too.
- the flavoring substances then precipitate and the separated flavoring substances can be used for flavoring.
- this creates the possibility of using an aroma-laden gas for flavoring and, on the other hand, of using the obtained aromas, in particular completely without gas, for flavoring.
- the product obtained by the process according to the invention is, in one embodiment of the invention, collected in one or more containers or pressurized gas containers suitable for this and sold to customers.
- the containers for aromatic gas are selected so that they can withstand pressures of at least 75 bar. If the pressure in the product obtained is to be minimized (e.g. after passing through a membrane filter or after relaxation), other containers (suitable for a lower pressure) can also be used.
- the aroma-containing gas is dosed, for example, from a container via one or more dosing valves (e.g. controlled solenoid valves or pneumatic valves), which are preferably controlled, during the production of a flavored food, luxury food, oral hygiene product, semi-finished product, cosmetic product or pharmaceutical product.
- dosing valves e.g. controlled solenoid valves or pneumatic valves
- a product is produced that does not require any thermal processing / stress / Has been subjected to stress (cold extraction - i.e. approx. Room temperature, up to a maximum of 40 ° C).
- the manufactured product has very good microbiological stability, since a CO2 atmosphere in particular prevents the growth of many different microorganisms.
- the invention also provides an aroma-laden gas, preferably carbon dioxide, which can in particular be produced by the method described above.
- the invention also provides an aroma-laden solid phase which can be produced in particular by the method described above.
- the solid phase could be used, for example, for the preparation of flavored beverages, such as in a "soda stream", or in a drinking device that removes flavorings from the solid phase during drinking by means of an air stream and delivers them to the consumer retronasally, such as products of the brand "air-up" ®.
- the invention thus creates an aroma-laden gas or an aroma-laden solid phase which, in comparison with a liquid phase containing a solvent and one or more aroma substances, has essentially the same composition of aroma substances and preferably also the same relative proportions of aroma substances.
- the aroma profile of a raw material is thus retained.
- liquid phase is selected from the group that includes beverages, in particular fruit juices, coffees, milk and milk products, teas and beers and mixtures thereof, at least one condensate, rinsing water, at least one side stream and / or Side stream and / or waste stream from the processing of animal or vegetable raw materials, for example fruits or from the production of food, for example beverages and at least one bypass stream from the processing of fruits or from the production of beverages, as well as mixtures of at least two of the liquids mentioned includes.
- beverages in particular fruit juices, coffees, milk and milk products, teas and beers and mixtures thereof
- condensate, rinsing water at least one side stream and / or Side stream and / or waste stream from the processing of animal or vegetable raw materials, for example fruits or from the production of food, for example beverages and at least one bypass stream from the processing of fruits or from the production of beverages, as well as mixtures of at least two of the liquids mentioned includes.
- aromas are combined with one another in a complex way.
- it may contain substances that are effective as aromas and that cannot be detected as individual components in the mixture.
- the invention accesses the natural composition of such aroma profiles and makes it possible in a simple manner to convert them largely unadulterated into an end product through processing. This is a particular advantage compared to fractional (discriminatory) distillation processes or processes that separate aroma substances from aqueous phases according to the size of the aroma molecules.
- the aroma-laden gas or aroma-laden solid phase can for example contain at least the above-mentioned aromas in the same relative proportions as the liquid phase in comparison with a liquid phase based on strawberry, raspberry, apple, orange, grapefruit, cherry, peach, Banana, pear, black currant, coffee, tea, onion, meat, oats, rice, milk, tomato, mint, beer, wine, passion fruit, mango, pineapple, honey, caramel, oats, malt.
- the aroma-laden gas or the aroma-laden solid phase can contain aroma substances which completely reproduce the aroma profile of the starting material.
- the process for flavoring goods of all kinds can also include a step in which the goods in a packaging or a container are brought into contact with a flavor-containing gas.
- the aroma-laden gas obtained in the process according to the invention in particular carbon dioxide, can, for example, be passed through a solution provided for aromatization (the gas or CO 2 only serves as a flavor carrier and escapes at least partially from the product during or after passage) or in the In the case of the use of CO 2 as a sparkling gas for carbonating beverages (whereby both CO 2 and the flavoring substances are added to the end product).
- a fluid, preferably a gas, for example CO 2 , for aromatizing a product can also be passed through an aroma-laden solid phase and then introduced into the product.
- the aroma-laden carbon dioxide which is laden with aromas obtained, for example, in a beer starting solution, can be bubbled through an alcohol-free beer in order to change and / or supplement and / or restore or strengthen its aroma profile .
- the invention also provides a method for flavoring a product which, in particular, is a food, luxury food,
- Oral hygiene product, semi-finished product, cosmetic product or pharmaceutical product in which at least one aroma-laden gas described above and / or at least one aroma substance separated from the aroma-laden gas is brought into contact with the product, so that at least one aroma substance is at least partially in the product and / or in the packaging of the product passes.
- a liquid product can be flavored particularly easily with the method according to the invention, in particular a drink or a drink
- Oral hygiene product by introducing at least one aroma-laden gas into the liquid product.
- the gas remains at least partially in the product.
- the product can be carbonized with CO 2 as a gas, or cream, creams, frappes or fruit purees or similar products can be whipped so that they contain gas bubbles.
- the gas escapes or is removed from the product before it is used as intended.
- the aroma for products that are packaged under a protective gas atmosphere can be provided in a protective gas.
- the aroma passes into the product or the packaging or remains at least partially in the gas phase and the remaining aroma-laden gas escapes when a corresponding packaging is opened.
- gas can be removed from the product and then optionally used or added as a gas in step c) of the process according to the invention for producing an aroma-laden gas.
- the invention offers the possibility that at least two aroma-laden gases, which differ in number, relative proportions, concentration and / or type of aroma substances, are brought into contact with the product.
- an aroma profile can be set in the product.
- the gases can be mixed before being introduced into the product.
- the gases can be brought into contact with the product one after the other or at the same time, so that the flavoring substances are mixed in the product.
- the invention is to be explained with reference to the accompanying figures, without, however, being restricted to the specifically described embodiment.
- the invention also relates to all combinations of preferred configurations, insofar as these are not mutually exclusive.
- the information "about” or “approx.” in connection with a figure means that at least 10% higher or lower values or 5% higher or lower values and in any case 1% higher or lower values are included.
- Figure 1 is a flow chart of the invention
- FIG. 2A shows a schematic representation for carrying out step b
- FIG. 2B shows a schematic representation for carrying out step c
- FIG. 2C shows a schematic illustration of the use of the aroma-laden gas obtained in step c) in a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 2D shows a schematic representation for carrying out step d
- FIG. 2E a schematic representation for carrying out step dl
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation for carrying out a method according to the invention in a first embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 4 shows a basic diagram of a first preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing an aroma-laden carbon dioxide
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic representation for carrying out a method according to the invention in a second embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a schematic representation for carrying out a method according to the invention in a third embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a schematic representation for carrying out the method according to the invention in a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 8A shows a schematic representation for carrying out step b) in a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 8B shows a schematic representation for carrying out step c) in a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 9 shows a basic diagram of a further preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention for producing an aroma-laden carbon dioxide, in which step (c) is carried out in a device suitable for this purpose
- FIG. 10 shows a schematic representation for carrying out step c) in a further embodiment of the invention
- FIG. 11 shows a schematic illustration for carrying out step c) in a further embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 1 shows in a flow chart an overview of various exemplary embodiments of a method according to the invention.
- a liquid phase 5 is provided which contains a solvent and one or more flavoring substances 1, 2, 3. These are passed through a solid phase extraction column in step b).
- an adsorber material 30 is presented, which comes into contact with the liquid phase 5.
- a solid phase 35 loaded with one or more aromatic substances is obtained.
- the one or more aromatic substances 1, 2, 3 are separated from the loaded solid phase 35 with at least one gas 2 in a liquid or supercritical state. A flavor-laden gas 10 is thereby obtained.
- the aroma-laden gas 10 from step c) can be subjected to a step d) in which the gas 10 laden with one or more aroma substances is collected.
- the aroma-laden gas can furthermore be subjected to a step dl) in which an at least partial separation of an aroma substance or several, in particular all, aroma substances 1, 2, 3 from the gas takes place while obtaining an aroma substance or a mixture of aroma substances.
- a gas 10 enriched in aroma substance or aroma substances or an essentially gas-free aroma or an essentially gas-free mixture of aroma substances is generated.
- FIGS. 2A to 11 for carrying out the steps of the method according to the invention can be combined to form an embodiment for the specific application.
- the expert creates criteria such as the location and quantity of the starting material,
- Step b) is shown in Figure 2A.
- An adsorber material not loaded with aromas at the beginning of the passage of the aroma-containing liquid 5 forms the solid phase 30.
- the solid phase 30 can be used, for example, as a macroporous adsorber resin without a functional group such as "Lewatit® VP OC 1064 MD PH".
- the solid phase 30 is in one
- FIGS. 2B and 2C Solid phase extraction column 3 submitted.
- the liquid 5 is passed through this.
- Figure 2A shows the State of the column at the beginning of the implementation of step b).
- aroma substances accumulate on the adsorber material, so that an aroma-laden solid phase 35 arises (compare FIGS. 2B and 2C).
- the liquid After flowing through the solid phase extraction column 3, the liquid leaves the column 3.
- the liquid 50 is depleted in flavoring substances compared to the liquid 5 flowing into the column 3.
- the liquid 50 is essentially free of flavoring substances.
- step c) is shown in FIG. 2B.
- the aroma-laden solid phase 35 is basically flowed through by at least one gas 2 in a liquid and / or supercritical state.
- Aroma substances desorb from aroma-laden solid phase 35 into the gas, which is laden with aromas and leaves column 3 as aroma-laden gas 10.
- the aroma substance or several aroma substances have been separated off from the laden solid phase 35 with at least one gas 2 in a liquid or supercritical state (see FIG. 2B)
- direct introduction into a product 7 is possible .
- the gas can remain there and is used, for example, for foaming or for interaction with a protective gas atmosphere, or the gas can escape from the product, so that with The aroma introduced into the product remains there and the product aromatizes.
- the aroma-laden gas 10 is collected.
- a container 8 is provided, for example, into which the aroma-laden gas 10 is introduced and remains there.
- the container 8 can be uncoupled from the supply line of aroma-laden gas, in particular after the desired filling amount has been reached, and stored, for example, closed until the aroma-laden gas 10 is used to aromatize a product.
- the aroma-laden gas can pass through a separating device 6 in which one aroma substance or several, in particular all, aroma substances are separated from the gas from the aroma-laden gas while obtaining an aroma substance or a mixture of aroma substances in a step dl)
- a separating device 6 is connected to the container 8.
- This connection can comprise a transport line which is arranged between a gas outlet of the container 8 and an inlet of the separating device 6.
- an aroma-depleted gas 20 leaves the separating device.
- the aroma-depleted gas 20 is substantially free of aroma substances.
- the flavoring substances are enriched and can be removed in order to flavor a product.
- a plant for carrying out the method according to the invention comprises a solid phase extraction column 3 and a container 8. Both are connected to one another via at least one transport line (not shown) for aroma-laden gas.
- the column 3 has at least connections for introducing a liquid 5 and removing a liquid 50 and for introducing a gas 2 and removing an aroma-laden gas 10.
- the transport line can be connected to the connection for the removal of an aroma-laden gas 10.
- the transport line can be connected to a connection of the container 8 for the introduction of aroma-laden gas 10.
- the connections are preferably provided with valves that are adjustable, in particular controllable, and allow liquid 5, 50 or gas 2,
- Embodiment of the invention first the passage of an aroma-laden liquid phase 5 through the
- Solid phase extraction column 3 take place, with flavoring substances are attached to their adsorber filling and the liquid 50 leaves the column 3.
- Gas 2 can then be passed through the column and leaves it as aroma-laden gas 10.
- aroma-laden gas 10 is introduced from container 8 into a product 7.
- the aroma-laden gas 10 can, however, also be collected in a container 8 in accordance with the illustration in this regard, for example in FIGS. 2D and 2E, before it is used to aromatize a product.
- FIG. 4 shows the basic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, in which step (c) is carried out directly in the solid phase extraction column.
- the liquid phase and gas are passed through the SPE column from the bottom to the top.
- the aroma-laden gas 10 formed is transferred to a container 8 and passed through a separating device 6.
- aromatic substances are retained by the separating device, in particular in the container 8.
- an aroma-depleted gas 20 leaves the separating device. This can be reused as gas 2, which is used to detach aromatic substances from the loaded solid phase 35.
- the gas 20 can be purified and / or tempered and / or compressed or expanded before it is reused as gas 2.
- a dashed line is drawn in FIG. 5 for the recycling of the gas 20 from the separating device 6. It is also possible within the scope of the invention to use a separating device which retains the gas and allows the aromatic substances to pass. The further use of the flavoring substances and the gas are retained.
- This gas 20 can be captured, for example this gas can also be returned to step c) as part of recycling. This return for reuse is shown with a dashed line in FIG indicated.
- steps b) of solid phase extraction (SPE) and c) of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) in the same adsorber column 3 as described above can be carried out one after the other, but in principle also simultaneously. Then, while the starting material 5 is being passed through the column 3, the gas 2, which absorbs the aroma substances and leaves the column 3 as aroma-laden gas 10, is also passed through.
- SPE solid phase extraction
- SFE supercritical fluid extraction
- FIGS. 8A and 8B illustrate an embodiment of the invention in which step c) is carried out in a device suitable for this, the laden solid phase 35 obtained in step b) being removed from the solid phase extraction column 3 and transferred to this device .
- the adsorber material can in particular be presented in its own packaging, which allows easy handling of the adsorber bed.
- a container 34 is provided according to the invention, for example.
- the container 34 is designed to hold 30 and / or 35 and can be releasably positioned in the solid phase extraction column 3 such that at least steps b) and c) can be carried out during operation, the container 34 being inserted in the SPE column 3 and the (aroma-laden) adsorber arranged therein is traversed by the starting liquid 5 or the gas 2.
- this device can be formed by the container 34 itself, as shown in FIG.
- the container 34 is designed as a hose.
- FIG. 9 shows the basic diagram of a further preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, in which step (c) is carried out in a device suitable for this, the laden solid phase obtained in step (b) being removed from the solid phase extraction column and into it Device is transferred.
- the sorbent can be accommodated in the SPE column between two frits in a tube made of an inert material, for example made of plastic or stainless steel, or in one or more plastic cartridges. This enables the solid phase to be removed from the solid phase extraction column and transferred to another device in a simple manner.
- Such a container preferably manufactured in a simple manner as a hose, has in particular at least one connection for introducing gas 2 and one connection for discharging aroma-laden gas 10.
- a hose-like container 34 can be used in a further embodiment of the invention in a device (not shown separately in FIGS 10 has.
- FIG. 11 A container 34 inserted into such a device 4 is shown in FIG. 11 for the example of a solid phase 353 loaded with an aroma 3.
- the device can also be designed to accommodate several containers 34; such a device 40 is shown in FIG Example of three solid phases 351, 352 and 353 each loaded with aromas 1, 2 and 3.
- Aroma-laden gas can also be introduced directly into a product from a container 34 as a “hose”.
- the device 4; 40 is used to accommodate the container 34 and its connection for performing step c).
- the device 4; 40 corresponds in its design, for example, in principle to a solid phase extraction column and is designed to be pressure-resistant for step c).
- the container 34 can also be designed in such a way that step c) can be carried out directly using the container 34.
- the method according to the invention is carried out without the use of a device 4; 40 carried out.
- Embodiments of the invention are illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 in which a gas 100 loaded with an aroma mixture is produced.
- the gas 100 contains an aroma mixture 123 made up of aromas 1, 2 and 3, which have been detached from the correspondingly charged solid phases 351, 352 and 353.
- Step c) can in particular be carried out at the place of use of the flavor mixture.
- the aroma mixture is generated by combining the aromas 1, 2 and 3 obtained individually from the loaded solid phases 351, 352 and 353.
- the method continues in accordance with one of the options described above.
- the flavor mixture, as such or presented in the gas 100 can in particular be introduced or collected directly into a product.
- FIG. 11 shows a further possibility for flavoring a product with a mixture of flavoring substances 1, 2 and 3.
- a gas 100 loaded with a first mixture of aromatic substances 1, 2 and a gas with a another flavor 3 loaded gas 10 is introduced into a product 7.
- the product 7 then contains flavor mixture 123.
- the gas 100 and the gas 10 can be introduced into the product in a temporally overlapping manner or one after the other; in particular, the aromatization can also be carried out at separate locations using several, here two, different gases.
- the gas 100 contains an aroma mixture of the aromas 1 and 2, which have been detached from the correspondingly loaded solid phases 351, 352.
- the gas 100 is produced by mixing the gases which are each loaded with an aromatic substance 1, 2. For example, a mixture of the aromatic substances 1 and 2 can first be produced and the aroma 3 obtained separately.
- the correspondingly loaded adsorber material 353 is used in a casing 34 in a connection device 4.
- a beer which was diluted with water was used as the starting solution for test purposes.
- any desired dilutions can be used, for example a dilution by a factor of 1: 4.
- the beer was diluted with water by a factor of 1:20.
- this starting solution was passed through an SPE column.
- This solid phase extraction column was loaded with the adsorber resin LEWATIT® VP OC 1064.
- This adsorber resin is a crosslinked polystyrene with Pore diameters according to the manufacturer's instructions between 5 to 10 nm and a BET specific surface area of 800 m 2 / g.
- the loaded solid phase ie the adsorber resin loaded with flavorings from the diluted beer, was removed from the SPE column and temporarily stored in a vacuum bag.
- step c the adsorbent resin loaded with flavorings from the beer was subjected to an extraction with supercritical CO 2.
- Flavor composition in the loaded solid phase was eluted with ethanol and examined.
- the concentration of aromatic substances in ethanol agrees with the concentration in CO2 within the scope of measurement inaccuracies.
- the beer had a flavor mixture comprising essentially 2-phenylethyl alcohol, octanoic acid, 3-methyl-1-butanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, hexanoic acid, 3-methylbutyl acetate, decanoic acid, isobutanol, ethyl octanoate and ethyl acetate.
- the composition of this Flavoring substances in the loaded solid phase resulted from this as follows:
- the aroma-laden gas obtained through the extraction with supercritical CO2 has a typical "beer odor”.
- a CO2 laden with beer aromas was produced in accordance with exemplary embodiment 1. Then, according to step dl) of the process according to the invention, the flavoring substances were separated off from the C0 2 extract stream using a high-pressure membrane as a separating device.
- the aromas could be separated from the aroma-laden CO2 and enriched, namely at pressures in the range between about 130 bar to about 160 bar and a temperature in the range from about 60 ° C to about 14 ° C, preferably at a temperature of approx. 70 ° C when using a "Teflon® AF2400" membrane.
- Embodiment 3 A CO2 laden with beer aromas was produced according to FIG.
- Embodiment 1 is produced and, according to step dl) of the method according to the invention, the aromatic substances are separated off from the CO2 extract stream via a high-pressure membrane as a separating device.
- the thus filtered off and flavor-free CO2 was then used for the implementation of
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DE102020001722.3A DE102020001722A1 (de) | 2020-03-14 | 2020-03-14 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines aromabeladenen Gases, aromabeladenes Gas und Verwendung des aromabeladenen Gases |
PCT/EP2021/056305 WO2021185687A1 (de) | 2020-03-14 | 2021-03-12 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines aromabeladenen gases, aromabeladenes gas und verwendung des aromabeladenen gases |
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DE3115157A1 (de) | 1981-04-15 | 1982-11-11 | Henkel KGaA, 4000 Düsseldorf | "verfahren zur herstellung von pflanzenextraktion mit verbesserten senorischen eigenschaften" |
AT391875B (de) | 1989-05-09 | 1990-12-10 | Schoeller Bleckmann Stahlwerke | Verfahren zum vermindern des alkoholgehaltes alkoholischer getraenke |
FR2668494B1 (fr) * | 1990-10-26 | 1993-07-02 | Ceca Sa | Procede de production de biere sans alcool et d'aromes de biere. |
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US20230112273A1 (en) | 2023-04-13 |
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