EP4105551A1 - Procédé de génération de l'énergie électrique - Google Patents

Procédé de génération de l'énergie électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4105551A1
EP4105551A1 EP22175464.1A EP22175464A EP4105551A1 EP 4105551 A1 EP4105551 A1 EP 4105551A1 EP 22175464 A EP22175464 A EP 22175464A EP 4105551 A1 EP4105551 A1 EP 4105551A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
combustion chamber
oxygen
hydrogen
electrical energy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP22175464.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Sebastian Andre Heuer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RWE Technology International GmbH
Original Assignee
RWE Technology International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RWE Technology International GmbH filed Critical RWE Technology International GmbH
Publication of EP4105551A1 publication Critical patent/EP4105551A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
    • F22B1/003—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method using combustion of hydrogen with oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
    • F01K25/005—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for the working fluid being steam, created by combustion of hydrogen with oxygen

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for generating electrical energy in which hydrogen is oxidized with oxygen in a combustion chamber while liquid water is supplied for cooling and the resulting water vapor is expanded via a steam turbine, thereby driving an electrical generator.
  • a method for generating electrical energy is assumed to be known, in which natural gas enriched with hydrogen and compressed is fed to a combustion chamber into which compressed air is also fed. In the combustion chamber, the hydrogen is oxidized with the oxygen in the air. The resulting exhaust gas is expanded in a gas turbine to generate electrical energy. Furthermore, corresponding systems are assumed to be known, in which pure hydrogen is converted and the resulting exhaust gas is then fed to a gas turbine to generate electrical energy.
  • the disadvantage of the methods assumed to be known is the limited efficiency.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially overcome the disadvantages known from the prior art.
  • Hydrogen and oxygen are each supplied to the combustion chamber in gaseous form in a pure state, in particular each with a purity of preferably more than 99% by volume.
  • the hydrogen and oxygen are each supplied in compressed form, in particular at pressures of from 30 to 200 bar, particularly preferably from 30 to 40 bar.
  • a stoichiometrically balanced ratio of hydrogen and oxygen is preferably supplied, ie in particular a molar ratio of hydrogen to oxygen of 1.9:1 to 2.1:1.
  • the liquid water is preferably fed into the combustion chamber in the form of drops, in particular via one or more nozzles, in particular one or more atomizing nozzles, in order to achieve the largest possible surface area of the liquid water.
  • the liquid water cools the gases in the combustion chamber on the one hand by heating it up, but also to a large extent on the other hand by the enthalpy of vaporization released during the evaporation of the liquid water, which makes a major contribution to cooling the gases. This allows the temperature in the combustion chamber to be significantly reduced. If temperatures of 2,000° C. [degrees Celsius] and more are present in the combustion chamber without cooling by liquid water, the supply of liquid water lowers the temperature to 1,500° C. and less, preferably 1,300° C. and less.
  • the supplied water is supplied as demineralized water. Demineralized water usually has an electrical conductivity of less than 0.2 ⁇ S/cm [microsiemens per centimeter].
  • the supply of liquid water as coolant produces water vapor as exhaust gas, which is discharged from the combustion chamber. This is then expanded via the steam turbine.
  • the steam turbine can contain nozzles for the supply of water in the blades of the turbine.
  • a gas turbine that expands only to atmospheric pressure is therefore no longer necessary; instead, a steam turbine, in particular a condensation turbine, can be used that allows expansion down to significantly lower pressures. This enables an increase in efficiency compared to using a gas turbine. It is therefore also possible that the water vapor leaving the steam turbine has a share of liquid water.
  • the steam turbine preferably has several stages (eg high-pressure stage and low-pressure stage).
  • the oxygen is supplied to the combustion chamber via a compressor, possibly a pressure accumulator.
  • a compressor possibly a pressure accumulator.
  • the hydrogen is fed to the combustion chamber via a second compressor, possibly a pressure accumulator. This improves the options for carrying out the process, since the pressure in the combustion chamber is variable. In particular, a pressure of the hydrogen can then be achieved before it is fed to the combustion chamber, which allows optimal inflow into the combustion chamber. This increases the flexibility of the process control.
  • the water vapor, after flowing through the steam turbine is supplied to a heat exchanger for dissipating heat to a heat transfer medium.
  • the heat content of the steam can be used downstream of the steam turbine in an advantageous manner for heating a heat transfer medium, for example water, which is used as process water or process steam in other processes. This further increases the overall efficiency.
  • this can also be achieved in that the steam, after flowing through the steam turbine, is fed to an intermediate stage of the steam turbine for cooling.
  • the steam after flowing through the steam turbine, is fed to a condenser and is completely condensed there to form liquid water.
  • the resulting condensate can advantageously be reused, for example for feeding into the combustion chamber as a cooling medium or also as a reactant in a water electrolysis.
  • the condensed water is preferably fed to a reservoir via a first pump. Through this the water can be taken from the storage tank with an additional pump if required.
  • the liquid water for supply to the combustion chamber is preferably taken from the reservoir. This allows the liquid water to circulate, which advantageously avoids the supply of further water.
  • the water from the reservoir is preferably subjected to water electrolysis.
  • water electrolysis water is split into hydrogen and oxygen using electrical energy.
  • At least one of the following gases is preferably generated by water electrolysis before being fed to the combustion chamber; in particular, water from the reservoir is used. This enables a further cycle in which the gases hydrogen and/or oxygen are generated from the water before being fed into the combustion chamber, which water has been formed by condensation from the water vapor which is removed from the combustion chamber.
  • At least one of the following gases produced in the water electrolysis: hydrogen and oxygen is stored in an intermediate store and removed from this for supply to the combustion chamber.
  • this enables alternating storage and delivery of electrical energy if it is provided irregularly, in particular if significant electrical energy from renewable sources, in particular from photovoltaics or wind energy, is fed into an electrical energy network, which depend heavily on the weather conditions.
  • the necessary measures for frequency stabilization of the electrical energy network can be as described above be performed.
  • converting the hydrogen into electricity via the steam turbine allows a large amount of electrical power to be provided quickly.
  • the rotating masses of the steam turbine have an additional stabilizing effect on the grid frequency.
  • first primarily (only) serve to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or sequence of these objects, sizes or make processes mandatory for each other. Should a dependency and/or order be necessary, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of a first example of a method for generating energy, in which pure hydrogen 1 and pure oxygen 2 are supplied to a combustion chamber 3 .
  • the hydrogen 1 oxidizes with the oxygen 2 to form water. Since the temperatures in a pure oxidation of the hydrogen 1 with the oxygen 2 in the combustion chamber 3 lead to very high temperatures in the combustion chamber 3, in particular of 2,000° C. [degrees Celsius] and more, liquid water 4 is supplied to the combustion chamber 3 at the same time. This leads to the cooling of the gases (hydrogen 1, oxygen 2 and water vapor) in the combustion chamber 3. In particular, the vaporization enthalpy of the supplied water 4 is also available for cooling.
  • the water 4 is preferably injected into the combustion chamber 3 via one or more spray nozzles. Water vapor 5 is discharged from the combustion chamber 3 and is composed on the one hand of the water formed from the reaction of the hydrogen 1 with the oxygen 2 and on the other hand of the vaporized and heated liquid water 4 supplied.
  • the resulting water vapor 5 is fed to a steam turbine 6 for relaxation, which drives an electric generator 7 to generate electricity.
  • the electricity generated in this way is preferably supplied to an electrical energy network.
  • the steam turbine 6 drives, at least temporarily, a first compressor 8 by means of which the oxygen 2 can be compressed before it is fed to the combustion chamber 3 .
  • the steam 5 After flowing through the steam turbine 6, the steam 5, which may carry water in the form of drops (wet steam), is fed to a heat exchanger 9, in which the heat of the steam 5 is given off to a first heat transfer medium 10, which flows through the heat exchanger 9.
  • the first heat transfer medium 10 can also be water, for example, which is used in another process and which is heated while flowing through the heat exchanger 9 and possibly even evaporated.
  • this first cooling stage can also be implemented by intermediate cooling in an intermediate stage of the steam turbine (in 1 not shown).
  • the water vapor 5 flows through a condenser 11 , in which the water vapor 5 condenses to form liquid water 12 and at the same time gives off heat to a second heat transfer medium 13 .
  • the liquid water 12 is supplied to a reservoir 15 via a first pump 14 .
  • the liquid water 4 is removed from the reservoir 15, which can have a water supply (not shown) for topping up with water from outside the system. If the pressure level in the reservoir 15 is not high enough, a second pump 23 can optionally be provided, which pumps the water 4 into the combustion chamber 3 at a corresponding pressure. At the same time, at least if required, liquid water 16 can be removed from the reservoir 15 and fed to a water electrolyzer 17 in which hydrogen 18 and oxygen 19 are generated from the water 16 fed using electrical energy. The hydrogen 18 is stored under pressure in a first intermediate store 20 and the oxygen 19 in a second intermediate store 21 . If required, the hydrogen 1 is then removed from the first intermediate store 20 and fed to the combustion chamber 3 .
  • a second compressor 22 can be formed, which enables the pressure of the hydrogen 1 to be increased before it is fed to the combustion chamber 3 .
  • This can be driven via the same shaft as the first compressor 8.
  • an electric motor--not shown-- is used as a drive.
  • the oxygen 2 that is supplied to the combustion chamber 3 is removed from the second intermediate store 21 .
  • Both the first buffer store 20 and the second buffer store 21 preferably include external supplies, not shown here, via which the buffer stores 20, 21 can be filled with hydrogen or oxygen independently of the operation of the water electrolyzer 17.
  • the combination of the combustion chamber 3 with the water electrolyzer 17 advantageously allows electrical energy to be stored and released alternately. If there is an oversupply of electrical energy, for example in an electrical energy network, this oversupply can be used to operate the water electrolyzer 17 and the resulting hydrogen 18 and oxygen 19 can be stored in the intermediate stores 20, 21. If there is an insufficient supply of electrical energy, hydrogen 1 and oxygen 2 can then be produced from the intermediate stores 20, 21 to generate electrical energy by combustion in the combustion chamber 3 with expansion of the resulting water vapor 5 in the steam turbine 6, driving the electric generator 7 and the electric be supplied to the power grid. In this way, electrical energy can be stored and released alternately. This is advantageous in particular for storing electrical energy from renewable sources such as photovoltaics or wind energy, since these are not available evenly but depend on the weather conditions.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second example of a method for generating energy. Only the differences from the first example will be discussed here; otherwise, to avoid repetition, reference is made to the description of the first example.
  • the second compressor 22 and/or the first compressor 8 are driven by an electric motor 24 .
  • the first buffer store 20 is formed downstream of the second compressor 22 and the second buffer store 21 is formed downstream of the first compressor 8 .
  • the pressure in the intermediate stores 20, 21 can be adjusted so that the pressure at which the hydrogen 1 and oxygen 2 are provided for the combustion chamber 3 can be regulated via the pressure in the intermediate stores 20, 21.
  • Such an embodiment can also be implemented with the compressors 8, 22 and the buffer stores 20, 21 of the first example. As shown, one or both intermediate stores 20, 21 can be bypassed via bypass lines 30, so that hydrogen 1 and/or oxygen 2 is conveyed directly into the combustion chamber 3 by the respective compressor 22, 8.
  • the steam turbine 6 is designed in two stages, ie it has a first stage 25 and a second stage 26 through which steam 5 flows in succession.
  • an intermediate cooler 27 is formed between the first stage 25 and the second stage 26, via which the steam 5 can be intermediately cooled between the first stage 25 and the second stage 26.
  • the supply lines between the compressors 8, 22 and the intermediate stores 20, 21 also have gas coolers 28, via which heat can be extracted from the compressed gas flows.
  • a third pump 29 is formed, via which the pressure of the water 16 at Supply to the water electrolyzer 17 can be increased.
  • First pump 14, second pump 23 and third pump 29 are preferably each driven by an electric motor 24.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
EP22175464.1A 2021-06-10 2022-05-25 Procédé de génération de l'énergie électrique Pending EP4105551A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021114942.8A DE102021114942A1 (de) 2021-06-10 2021-06-10 Verfahren zum Erzeugen von elektrischer Energie

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4105551A1 true EP4105551A1 (fr) 2022-12-21

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EP22175464.1A Pending EP4105551A1 (fr) 2021-06-10 2022-05-25 Procédé de génération de l'énergie électrique

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EP (1) EP4105551A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102021114942A1 (fr)

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3101592A (en) * 1961-01-16 1963-08-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Closed power generating system
US3459953A (en) * 1967-03-20 1969-08-05 Univ Oklahoma State Energy storage system
JPH05296010A (ja) * 1992-04-15 1993-11-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 水素酸素燃焼蒸気タービン機関
US20050223711A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2005-10-13 Lockheed Martin Corporation Closed-loop cooling system for a hydrogen/oxygen based combustor
WO2019032755A1 (fr) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-14 Tascosa Advanced Service, Inc. Système à cycle d'hydrogène hybride
EP3643886A2 (fr) * 2018-10-24 2020-04-29 HK Innovation UG Dispositif et procédé d'entrainement d'un véhicule, d'un avion, d'un navire ou analogue
DE102019216242A1 (de) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampfturbinenanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Dampfturbinenanlage

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3101592A (en) * 1961-01-16 1963-08-27 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Closed power generating system
US3459953A (en) * 1967-03-20 1969-08-05 Univ Oklahoma State Energy storage system
JPH05296010A (ja) * 1992-04-15 1993-11-09 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 水素酸素燃焼蒸気タービン機関
US20050223711A1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2005-10-13 Lockheed Martin Corporation Closed-loop cooling system for a hydrogen/oxygen based combustor
WO2019032755A1 (fr) * 2017-08-08 2019-02-14 Tascosa Advanced Service, Inc. Système à cycle d'hydrogène hybride
EP3643886A2 (fr) * 2018-10-24 2020-04-29 HK Innovation UG Dispositif et procédé d'entrainement d'un véhicule, d'un avion, d'un navire ou analogue
DE102019216242A1 (de) * 2019-10-22 2021-04-22 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampfturbinenanlage sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Dampfturbinenanlage

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