EP4087977A1

EP4087977A1 - Transition construction for bridging a structure joint

Info

Publication number: EP4087977A1
Application number: EP21702650.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Christian Braun
Original assignee: Maurer Engineering GmbH
Current assignee: Maurer Engineering GmbH
Priority date: 2020-01-29
Filing date: 2021-01-29
Publication date: 2022-11-16
Also published as: CA3168701A1; CN115023521A; PE20221695A1; KR20220120685A; CL2022002042A1; WO2021152072A1; AU2021215022A1; JP7462767B2; MX2022009282A; AU2021215022B2; DE102020201076B3; JP2023512197A; US20230046504A1

Abstract

The present invention relates to a transition construction (10B) for bridging a structure joint (14) between two structure parts (12) and (12b) of a structure (12). The transition construction (10B) has at least two crossmembers (16), which are mounted on the structure edges, and at least one lamella (20), which is mounted so as to be displaceable on said crossmembers (16), wherein a main sliding surface (22) is arranged between at least one crossmember (16) and at least one lamella (20). The main sliding surface (22) has at least two component sliding surfaces (22a) and (22b), which are each arranged in sliding planes (34a) and (34b) that are angled with respect to one another, wherein the sliding planes (34a) and (34b) meet at a common line of intersection S that forms a movement axis A, along which the lamella (20) can move relative to the crossmember (16). Here, at least one sliding plane (34a, 34b) is arranged at an inclined angle with respect to movement plane B of the transition construction (10B).

Description

TRANSITIONAL CONSTRUCTION TO BRIDGE A BUILDING JOINT

The present invention relates to a transition structure for bridging a structural joint between two structural parts of a structure.

Generic transition structures usually have at least two cross members mounted on the building edges and at least one slat mounted displaceably thereon, a main sliding surface being arranged between at least one cross member and at least one slat.

Such transition structures for bridging a building joint are in principle sufficiently known from the prior art.

Such transition constructions are mainly used for roadway crossings, such as in road and railway bridge construction in particular, when, in addition to the required transfer of force, relative displacements of the structural parts are to be made possible. The basic principle is that the traverses are arranged transversely to the building joint and thus bridge it. The traverses can be accommodated displaceably on at least one structural part or can be designed to be telescopically displaceable, so that corresponding movements of the two structural parts relative to one another are compensated for without tension in the traverses. One or more lamellas are mounted transversely to the traverses and close the gap between the two structural parts to such an extent that the structural joint can be safely bridged for vehicles and people. The slats are horizontally spaced approximately evenly from one another by a control system and are attached so that they can be moved relative to the cross members below. This means that the transition structure can be flexibly adapted to the varying dimensions of the building joint. This ensures that the structural joint can be safely bridged at all times. At the same time, damage to the structure and the transition structure due to excessive stresses and loads can be avoided.

In order to achieve a precise guidance of the lamellas along the longitudinal axis of the traverses, leading slide bearings have been used up to now at their intersection points. The sliding bearing is preferably fastened to the lamella, so that a main sliding surface of both components is located between the sliding bearing and the traverse. This main sliding surface is aligned horizontally in order to transfer vertical loads from the lamella via the sliding bearing to the crossbeam and at the same time allow the lamella to be displaced relative to the crossbeam. The plain bearing preferably engages around the crossbeam on both sides from above or lies in a correspondingly shaped groove so that In addition to the horizontal main sliding surface, two vertical guide surfaces are formed between the sliding bearing and the cross member. With a horizontal force acting parallel to the longitudinal axis of the traverse, the lamella can therefore move along the traverse relative to the latter. Any horizontal forces acting transversely to the longitudinal axis of the traverse, however, are transmitted in the area of the vertical guide surfaces between the lamella and the traverse.

Even if, for the sake of simplicity, any orientations of surfaces, axes and forces are described as horizontal or vertical, these are not restricted in relation to a horizontal or vertical plane or direction in the narrower sense. In the present disclosure, such orientation details relate only to the plane of movement of the transition structure or bridge. The plane of movement is spanned at a point of intersection of the traverse with the lamella, for example by the axis of movement of the lamella along the traverse and the longitudinal axis of the lamella or a corresponding parallel. This is especially true when the transition structure is installed at an angle. In this case, the orientation of the horizontal main sliding surface can differ from a horizontal plane in the narrower sense and can also be correspondingly inclined. The same applies to the vertical guide surfaces arranged perpendicular thereto and to the force effects described accordingly.

The lamellas can also be rotatably mounted in relation to the crossbars at the respective intersection point. A kinematic control principle enables it to be rotated about the vertical axis with as little resistance as possible. Such kinematic control principles are used, for example, in the "Maurer swiveling traverse" for road crossings for road bridges or the "Maurer walking sleeper" for railway bridge construction. A preferably elastic rotatability about the two horizontal axes enables the adaptation to tolerances and expansion differences as well as the interchangeability of the wearing parts while at the same time transferring the traffic loads.

The transmission of the torques, for example from the horizontal forces introduced on the road surface from braking and starting, is usually carried out through the aforementioned torsional resistance of the plain bearings around the horizontal axes, through additional, guided sliding elements below the crossbeam or through independent support elements.

In the known transition constructions, there is a functional separation between vertical and horizontal force transfer at the point of intersection of a lamella with a traverse. While the vertical loads are absorbed by the traverse via the main horizontal sliding surface, horizontal forces acting transversely to the longitudinal axis of the traverse are transmitted in the area of the vertical guide surfaces between the lamella and the traverse. The standard DIN EN 1337-2: 2004 for bearings in the building industry regulates under point 6.8 that the main sliding surface is to be dimensioned in such a way that no gaping joint occurs when it is in use. In the case of transition structures, the In contrast to bridge bearings, the effects are almost exclusively variable. As a result, the basic load from its own weight is missing and the proof of the non-gaping joint can generally not be fulfilled despite the pretensioning of the sliding elements. That is why sliding materials are also used for the main sliding surface, which are normally only intended for guides and have increased wear behavior and increased sliding resistance.

According to the standard DIN EN 1990: 2010-12 for the basics of structural planning, the state of use extends up to and including the limit state of usability. If this is exceeded, the specified conditions for the serviceability of a structure or component are no longer met. Limit states that affect the function of the structure or one of its parts under normal conditions of use or the well-being of the user or the appearance of the structure are also to be classified as the limit state of usability.

In the case of special transition structures that are designed for extreme cases such as an earthquake, the state of use may still be present when the extreme case occurs. This also applies in particular to the state after any emergency and buffer functions have been triggered, which are only used in extreme cases. Here, for example, a targeted lifting of the sliding plate from the intermediate bearing part is provided during the state of use.

Despite this tried and tested principle of force transfer, it has been found that large amounts of dust, dirt or other foreign bodies can accumulate in the area of the sliding surfaces, especially with prolonged use of such transition structures. If regular maintenance of the transition structures is not carried out, this can lead to increased wear of the sliding material or to impairments in the sliding behavior of the transition structures. This is primarily due to the fact that with such a separation of functions between vertical and horizontal force transmission between the respective components of the guide, there is a certain amount of play that cannot be avoided in principle. Thus, when the transition structure is in use, there is a gaping joint in the area of the vertical guide surfaces. This play or this gaping joint also results in edge pressures in the area of the guide surfaces. The result is an uneven power transmission within the transition structures, which can lead to increased and uneven wear of the sliding material. In addition, due to the play, the guide surfaces can only be lubricated initially; permanent lubricant storage is not guaranteed. In addition, a sliding material must be used that can absorb high local pressures. Ultimately, sliding materials are used here that have relatively poor sliding behavior due to relatively high coefficients of friction. This causes a less than optimal control behavior of the corresponding transition construction. Although the main horizontal sliding surface is designed to be free of play, the above-mentioned disadvantages due to the gaping joint from the load combination and the sliding material suitable for this, ideally initially lubricated, also apply here.

It is therefore the object of the present invention to provide an improved transition structure which, on the one hand, is as simple as possible and, on the other hand, operates maintenance-free and reliably for as long as possible, even with increased force, so that costs and effort in manufacture and during operation can be reduced.

The stated object is achieved according to the invention with a transition structure according to claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims 2 to 31.

The transition construction according to the invention is thus characterized in that the main sliding surface has at least two partial sliding surfaces, which are each arranged in sliding planes angled to one another, the sliding planes meeting in a common cutting line which forms an axis of movement along which the lamella can move relative to the cross member . At least one sliding plane is arranged at an oblique angle to a plane of movement of the transition structure. In the present disclosure, an arrangement at an oblique angle to one another is understood to mean a non-parallel and non-orthogonal arrangement of the corresponding elements.

The two partial sliding surfaces of the main sliding surface, which are angled to one another, combine the functions of vertical and horizontal force transfer between the lamella and the crossbeam. In this way, any vertical or horizontal forces acting transversely to the axis of movement can be absorbed by the main sliding surface of the transition structure. The previously used vertical guide surfaces are therefore no longer required, since their functions are fully fulfilled by the main sliding surface. This considerably simplifies the construction of the transition structure. The manufacturing costs can be reduced accordingly. The installation space that is sometimes only available to a limited extent can also be significantly reduced. In addition, omitting the lateral vertical guide surfaces eliminates the need to maintain a guide play. This greatly reduces the amount of dirt and foreign bodies entering the sliding surface. This design means that common sliding materials can be used in the main sliding surfaces for bridge bearings.

With the continuous and even pressure in the area of the main sliding surface, permanently lubricated sliding materials in particular are now also suitable for guidance, as they are known, for example, from the standard DIN EN 1337-2: 2004 for bearings in construction. These show you low coefficient of friction and are particularly low-wear. In tests carried out by the applicant, it was already possible to determine the resistance to an added sliding path up to 25 times higher in the current leading main sliding surface than in the previously separate guide surfaces with corresponding sliding materials.

In addition, the two partial sliding surfaces, which are inclined towards one another, ensure continuous self-centering of the lamella on the crossbeam in relation to the axis of movement. The lamella is thus optimally positioned in relation to the traverse at all times and possible edge pressure along the axis of movement can be avoided. There is no longer any bearing play due to any vertically aligned guide surfaces.

Advantageously, the two sliding planes enclose a first angle which is selected so that when the transition structure is in use, no gaping joint arises in the area of the main sliding surface. In other words, a transition structure is provided without a gaping joint in all sliding surfaces between the crossbeam and the lamella in the area of the intersection point during the state of use.

The ratio between the maximum possible vertical force and horizontal force can be optimally adjusted in this area of the transition structure via the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces to one another or the choice of the first angle. With the appropriate choice of the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces to each other, a gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface when the transition structure is in use can be avoided even with maximum horizontal force in combination with the corresponding minimum vertical force. At the same time, a sliding material with the lowest possible friction can be used in the area of the main sliding surface.

The main sliding surface preferably has exactly two, most preferably only two, partial sliding surfaces. As a result, the transition structure according to the invention is as simple as possible. The two partial sliding surfaces can, for example, form a coherent main sliding surface which is only appropriately bent once in the area of the movement axis. Here, in addition to the two sliding planes angled to one another, the two partial sliding surfaces also intersect along the axis of movement. Alternatively, the two partial sliding surfaces can also be formed separately from one another in the respective sliding planes.

The two sliding planes are preferably arranged in such a way that the line of intersection runs parallel to a longitudinal axis of a traverse. Thus, the axis of movement also runs parallel to a longitudinal axis of a traverse. With this configuration, the entire transition structure is loaded as evenly as possible in terms of force transfer. Furthermore, the lamella can move evenly with identical resistance in both directions of the axis of movement. A plurality of main sliding surfaces are advantageously arranged along a traverse and form a common axis of movement. Due to the common axis of movement of all main sliding surfaces, the lamella can move along the traverse with as little resistance as possible. In addition, the traverse is constructed as simply as possible, which means that the effort and costs in manufacture can be reduced. The plurality of main sliding surfaces preferably also have common sliding planes. In this way, the traverse can be designed uniformly along its longitudinal axis. The construction of the traverse is further simplified and the manufacturing costs are reduced.

In a further development, the first angle is chosen in such a way that in the limit state of the load-bearing capacity of the transition structure, there is no gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface. If, starting from the state of use, the loads on the transition structure are further increased, the limit state of the load-bearing capacity occurs. According to the DIN EN 1990: 2010-12 standard for the principles of structural design, this state is related to collapse or other forms of structural failure. The limit states that affect the safety of persons and / or the safety of the structure are also to be classified as the ultimate limit state of the load-bearing capacity. This has the advantage that even in this state it is still ensured that there is no gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface.

The traverse preferably has at least one sliding plate in the area of the main sliding surface. The sliding plate is preferably made of metal such as copper, steel, aluminum or stainless steel. By attaching the sliding plate in the area of the main sliding surface, the friction between the crossbeam and the lamella can be reduced. Material wear in this area of the traverse is also prevented. The sliding plate, on the other hand, can simply be exchanged for a new one after it has worn out accordingly.

The traverse itself is advantageously produced as a counter surface from a, preferably metallic, sliding material. Any sliding plates or the like can therefore also be omitted on the cross member in the area of the main sliding surface.

The main sliding surface preferably has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. In one embodiment, the sliding material is provided, for example, in the form of a lubricated sliding disk, which preferably has at least one lubrication pocket in which the lubricant can be stored and dispensed evenly. A sliding material with a particularly low coefficient of friction can thus be provided. The wear on the sliding material can also be significantly reduced. A sliding material in the form of sliding pads attached to the lamella would also be conceivable.

In a further development, at least two partial sliding surfaces angled to one another are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes form the shape of a gable roof. The gable roof is like that executed that the cutting line or the axis of movement forms the ridge of the gable roof. The shape of a gable roof has the particular advantage that any accumulation of dirt and foreign bodies in the area of the at least two partial sliding surfaces that are angled to one another can be largely avoided. This applies in particular in the area of the cutting line or the axis of movement, since this, as the roof ridge, represents the topmost point of the gable roof.

At least two partial sliding surfaces angled to one another are preferably arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes form the shape of an upside-down gable roof. Here, too, the gable roof is designed in such a way that the line of intersection or the axis of movement forms the roof ridge of the gable roof. Due to the upside-down roof shape, it is possible to make the lamella or corresponding connection components stronger at the most heavily loaded point near the axis of movement, without requiring additional installation space in the vertical direction. In this way, installation space can be saved again despite the increased loads.

Preferably, at least two partial sliding surfaces angled to one another are formed symmetrically to one another in relation to a plane of symmetry running through the line of intersection in the vertical direction to the plane of movement. The symmetrical arrangement of the at least two partial sliding surfaces results in improved self-centering of the lamella on the traverse along the axis of movement. In addition, it is particularly advantageous when the force is exerted or dissipated from all sides in a balanced manner if the conditions for the displacement of the lamella relative to the traverse are as equal as possible in both directions along the axis of movement. In addition, the transition structure is simple and therefore cost-effective to manufacture. Alternatively, the cross-sectional areas of the two partial sliding surfaces could also have different sizes, so that a surface pressure that is optimal for friction and durability is established as a function of the first angle and the expected balance of forces.

In a further development, at least one sliding plane is inclined with respect to the plane of movement by a second angle between 10 degrees and 60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees. Especially with a steeper second angle, correspondingly high horizontal forces can be absorbed transversely to the axis of movement by the respective angled partial sliding surface. At the same time, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction in the area of the main sliding surface. On the one hand, this prevents a gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface. On the other hand, a movement of the lamella with as little resistance as possible relative to the traverse along the axis of movement is ensured. The different slip planes can have an identical second angle. It would also be possible to use different second angles in order to adapt the transition structure to different forces.

The first angle is preferably between 60 degrees and 160 degrees, preferably 90 degrees. Especially with a more acute first angle, the respective angled partial sliding surfaces correspondingly high horizontal forces are absorbed transversely to the axis of movement. At the same time, it is still possible to use a sliding material with a low coefficient of friction in the area of the main sliding surface. On the one hand, this prevents a gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface. On the other hand, a movement of the slat with as little resistance as possible relative to the traverse along the axis of movement is ensured.

The transition structure preferably has at least one intersection point on a lamella with a crossbeam, at which a slide bearing with a carrier plate, preferably rotatable about an axis vertical to the plane of movement, is arranged between the crossbeam and the lamella, the main sliding surface between the crossbeam and the Support plate extends. The sliding bearing between the lamella and the crossbeam allows specific vertical and horizontal forces to be transmitted via the carrier plate. If the sliding bearing should be a rotatable sliding bearing, the lamella can perform both rotations and sliding movements with respect to the crossbeam at the point of intersection. A kinematic control principle enables rotation around the vertical axis with as little resistance as possible.

The carrier plate is preferably designed to be deformable, so that the main sliding surface has at least one partial sliding surface that is horizontal to the plane of movement, depending on the level of the force. If the slip planes form a gable roof, high bending stresses arise in the carrier plate. The load-bearing capacity of the system can be increased by adding a further, horizontal partial sliding surface, which only rests on or is created when the carrier plate is deformed accordingly.

In a further development, the bearing has a base plate via which the plain bearing is attached to the lamella. The lamella or the base plate preferably has a first pivot via which the slide bearing is rotatably attached to the lamella. The plain bearing can be made as stable as possible by means of the base plate. The first pivot, however, enables a corresponding rotation of the plain bearing about its vertical axis.

Advantageously, the slide bearing also has an elastomer layer which is arranged between the carrier plate and the base plate. The elastomer layer represents a resilient buffer function between the base plate and the carrier plate. Thus, the elastomer layer enables, for example, a displacement, tilting and / or rotation of the base plate with respect to the carrier plate. This allows smaller movements between the crossbeam and the lamella to be compensated. In addition, the elastomer layer has damping properties.

The sliding bearing preferably has at least one thrust surface which is arranged in a plane between the carrier plate and the base plate, the plane being arranged at an oblique angle to the sliding planes of the partial sliding surfaces angled to one another. The plain bearing preferably has the same Number of shear surfaces as the number of partial sliding surfaces angled to one another at the intersection. Should an elastomer layer be installed, this is arranged at least in the area of the shear surface. The different inclinations of the partial sliding surfaces and thrust surfaces enable an optimal setting of the adaptation behavior. This in particular in connection with the elastomer layer and an arrangement of the sliding planes of the partial sliding surfaces angled to one another in the form of an upside-down gable roof.

In a further development, the transition structure has, in the region of at least one intersection point, a bracket which is arranged on the lamella and has a pretensioning unit with a sliding material, preferably a sliding spring. The bracket and the pretensioning unit are designed in such a way that the lamella is pretensioned and displaceable at the point of intersection with respect to the traverse and / or rotatably mounted about the axis vertical to the plane of movement. The pretensioning unit primarily ensures that sufficient vertical force can be built up to absorb the horizontal forces without any lifting in the area of the sliding surfaces. Furthermore, the possibility of movement of the lamella relative to the traverse can be adjusted by means of the pretensioning unit. Finally, the lamella can be positioned even more precisely in relation to the crossbeam by means of a further connection point between the lamella and the traverse.

The pretensioning unit is preferably designed to be neutral in terms of guidance for movements of the lamella relative to the crossbeam along the main sliding surface. The pretensioning unit preferably does not have any vertical guide surfaces. In this case, no horizontal forces act on the prestressing unit, which are oriented transversely to the longitudinal axis of the traverse. Here, the lamella is guided on the traverse only by the angled partial sliding surfaces of the main sliding surface along the axis of movement. With the elimination of the guide surfaces, rotary movements of the traverse around the vertical axis are made possible via the sliding surface of the pretensioning unit. By suitably selecting the pretensioning force and the first angle between the two partial sliding surfaces on the sliding bearing, which are angled to one another, a gaping of the sliding joint in the state of use can also be avoided here. This reduces the sliding resistance and the preload unit can be manufactured inexpensively.

In a further development, the bracket has a second pivot pin, via which the pretensioning unit is rotatably attached to the bracket. The first pivot pin and the second pivot pin form a common axis of rotation, so that the lamella is mounted rotatably about the axis of rotation with respect to the cross member at the intersection point. Due to the interaction of the first and second pivot pin, the lamella is rotatably mounted precisely at the point of intersection with respect to the lamella. The second pivot pin is used in particular when the preloading unit has any guide surfaces.

The sliding material of the pretensioning unit preferably has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA. In one embodiment, the Sliding material provided for example in the form of a lubricated sliding washer, which preferably has at least one lubrication pocket in which the lubricant can be stored and evenly dispensed. A sliding material with a particularly low coefficient of friction is thus provided. The wear on the sliding material can also be significantly reduced.

The pretensioning unit preferably has a screw for pretensioning the pretensioning unit in an installed state. For example, the screw comes into engagement with the bracket for this purpose. Alternatively, the pretensioning unit is designed in such a way that it can be installed pretensioned and, in an installed state, relieved to a predetermined pretensioning amount. This means that the desired pre-tensioning dimension can be set as easily and flexibly as possible.

The transition structure advantageously has at least one traverse box, in which one end of the traverse is mounted in a displaceable and / or rotatable manner. Such traverse boxes are in principle arranged at the respective mounting points of the traverse in the area of the structural parts and in particular offer buffer space for any kind of movements of the traverse. In this way, any movements between the two parts of the structure can be compensated for.

The end of the traverse preferably has at least one bore and the traverse box has at least one pin, via which the end of the traverse is rotatably mounted in the traverse box. It would also be possible for the traverse box to have at least one bore and the end of the traverse to have at least one pin in order to mount the traverse accordingly. In both cases, the truss is stored in the truss box as simply and efficiently as possible.

The traverse box preferably has an upper slide bearing arranged above the traverse, with a main sliding surface configured as described above being arranged between the upper slide bearing and the traverse. With the help of the upper slide bearing, the movements of the traverse within the traverse box can be precisely guided. The upper slide bearing is advantageously a slide spring. The sliding spring serves as a pretensioning unit in order to pretension the traverse against a lower sliding bearing underneath and thus adjust the freedom of movement of the traverse within the truss box. The lower slide bearing does not take on any guiding functions. The sliding spring prevents the traverse from lifting up within the truss box. The advantages of the main sliding surface according to the invention described above apply accordingly.

In a further development, the upper slide bearing is rotatably attached to the truss box. For this purpose, the upper slide bearing or the corresponding slide spring preferably has a pivot pin which is fastened in the traverse box. In this way, both displacements and rotations of the traverse can be made possible in the support point of the traverse. It would also be conceivable that the traverse in such a way is pretensioned in relation to the underlying structural bearing so that only a rotary movement is made possible and a sliding movement, on the other hand, is prevented.

The transition structure is advantageously a pivoting cross member structure for general roadway crossings. Here, the lamellas are slidably and rotatably mounted on pivoting traverses, some of which are inclined. This creates an advantageous kinematic control principle so that the transition structure can be adapted particularly flexibly to different dimensions of the building joint and varying loads.

Alternatively, the transition structure can also be designed as a sleeper structure in railway bridge construction. The walking sleeper construction is essentially based on the kinematic control principle of the swiveling beam construction. In addition, this is designed to lead a rail route over the building joint. So here the slats can be designed as slidable railway sleepers. Alternatively, it would also be conceivable that the railway sleepers are arranged on the slats.

In a further development, several, preferably two, main sliding surfaces are arranged between a traverse and a lamella, the axes of movement of which differ from one another. As a result, the main sliding surface as a whole between the lamella and the traverse can be enlarged in a very simple manner. The entire main sliding surface is therefore designed for even higher forces acting on the transition structure. The risk of a gaping joint is further reduced. In addition, the lamella can be guided even more precisely in relation to the traverse thanks to the multiple axes of movement.

It can be useful if the axes of movement run parallel to one another and are preferably arranged in the plane of movement of the transition structure or in a plane parallel to it. Due to the parallelism of the axes of movement to one another, increased friction or edge pressures in the main sliding surfaces can be avoided. As a result, the lamella can move with as little resistance as possible in relation to the traverse. The same applies to the advantageous arrangement of the axes of movement in relation to the plane of movement of the transition structure. In addition, the transition structure is particularly simple.

In the following, advantageous embodiments of the present invention will now be described schematically with reference to figures, wherein

Figure 1 is a side view of a transition structure in accordance with a first embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 is a perspective view of part of a transition structure according to a second embodiment;

Figure 3 is a schematic bottom view of the transition structure shown in Figure 2;

Fig. 4 is a side view and exploded view of a point of intersection of a lamella with a traverse of the transition structures shown in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 5 is a section of the exploded view shown in Fig. 4;

6 is a side view and exploded view of a point of intersection of a lamella with a traverse of a transition structure according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 7 is a section of the exploded view shown in Fig. 6;

8 is a detail of a crossing point K of a transition structure according to a fourth embodiment; and

9 is a section of a crossing point K of a transition structure according to a fifth embodiment.

Identical components in the different embodiments are identified by the same reference symbols.

1 shows the schematic structure of a transition structure 10A according to a particularly advantageous embodiment. The transition structure 10A has three cross members 16 which are arranged between two structural parts 12a and 12b of the structure 12 and thus bridge the structural joint 14 between the two structural parts 12a and 12b. The traverses 16 are each supported at their ends in a truss box 18 of the transition structure 10A. Thus, the transition structure 10A has a total of six such truss boxes 18, which are formed on the building edges of the corresponding building parts 12a and 12b of the building 12. The transition structure 10A shown is designed as a pivoting cross member structure. The traverses 16 are all rotatable here and are held in the respective traverse boxes 18 such that they can be displaced in their longitudinal direction. Such a support point can be implemented, for example, by a lower sliding bearing 52 arranged below the cross member 16 and an upper sliding bearing 50 arranged above the cross member 16. The upper slide bearing 50 is designed as a slide spring rotatable about its vertical axis. The traverses 16 are in the traverse boxes 18 on the structural part 12a with only a small amount of play in their Slidable lengthways. Rotational movements of the cross member 16 can thereby be compensated for. It would also be possible for one end of a traverse 16 to be held in the traverse box 18 in a fixed and only rotatable manner. For example, the cross member 16 could have a bore and the cross member box 18 could have a pivot pin in order to support the end of the cross member 16 accordingly (not shown).

Furthermore, the transition structure 10A has nine slats 20 and two edge slats 20a, the two edge slats 20a with the corresponding truss boxes 18 are firmly connected. The lamellae 20 and edge lamellae 20a are spaced apart from one another and are mounted on the crossbars 16 so as to be displaceable. Thus, a main sliding surface 22 is located at each intersection K of a lamella 20 with a traverse 16 between the two components. In addition, the lamella 20 is rotatably mounted about the vertical axis V in relation to the cross member 16 at the intersection point K. For this purpose, a rotatable sliding bearing 24 is arranged between the lamella 20 and the cross member 16 at the respective crossing points K. The slide bearing 24 is rotatably attached to the lamella 20 on the upper side and rests on the cross member 16 on the underside. The main sliding surface 22 thus extends here between the sliding bearing 24 and the cross member 16.

2 and 3 show a perspective view of part of a transition structure 10B according to a second embodiment. The transition construction 10B essentially corresponds to the transition construction 10A of the first embodiment. The identical components are not discussed further below.

The transition construction 10B only differs in that it has only three lamellae 20 and two edge lamellae 20a. As can be seen in particular from the bottom view of FIG. 3, in this embodiment the middle cross member 16 is mounted at right angles to the building joint axis and thus also at right angles to the lamellae 20 and edge lamellae 20a. The two outer cross members 16, however, are aligned obliquely to the lamellae 20 and edge lamellae 20a.

In FIGS. 4 and 5, an intersection point K of a lamella 20 with a traverse 16 is shown in more detail as an example. As can be seen in particular from FIG. 5, the sliding bearing 24 has a base plate 26, a carrier plate 28 and an elastomer layer 30 lying in between. The base plate 26 contains a first pivot 32, via which the slide bearing 24 is fastened to the lamella 20 so as to be rotatable about the vertical axis of rotation V. Alternatively, the lamella 20 can also include the pivot 32 (not shown). In contrast, the carrier plate 28 rests on the cross member 16, so that the actual main sliding surface 22 is located between the carrier plate 28 and the cross member 16. The main sliding surface 22 includes two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b, which are each arranged in sliding planes 34a and 34b which are angled to one another. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b meet in a common line of intersection S, which forms an axis of movement A along which the lamella 20 can move relative to the cross member 16. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b are arranged at an oblique angle to a plane of movement B of the transition structure 10A, 10B. At the intersection point K, the plane of movement B is spanned by the axis of movement A and a line parallel to the longitudinal axis L of the lamella 20. In this embodiment, the plane of movement B corresponds to the horizontal. All of the horizontal and vertical alignments of components and force effects described here therefore also relate to the plane of movement B. The two sliding planes 34a and 34b are arranged such that the line of intersection S runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the traverse 16. As a result, the lamella 20 can move evenly relative to the cross member 16 along both directions of the axis of movement A.

The two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes 34a and 34b form the shape of a gable roof. The axis of movement A is to be understood as the ridge of the gable roof. Furthermore, the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b are of the same size and are designed symmetrically to one another in relation to a plane of symmetry E running through the cutting line S in the vertical direction. A different dimensioning of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b (not shown) would also be conceivable in order to design them for different forces acting in each case.

In addition, the main sliding surface 22 contains a sliding material 36 in order to reduce the friction between the lamella 20 and the cross member 16. In the present case, the carrier plate 28 has a sliding pad 36a and 36b in the area of both partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b. Both sliding pads 36a and 36b contain a permanently lubricated sliding material such as PTFE. The use of UHMWPE, POM and / or PA would also be possible here. In addition, the traverse 16 contains a sliding plate 38a and 38b made of stainless steel in the area of both partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b. The two sliding pads 36a and 36b thus rest on the sliding plates 38a and 38b in order to slide along them. As a result, the friction between the carrier plate 28 and the cross member 16 and the wear on the sliding material 36 can be reduced. Alternatively, lubricated polymer sliding disks with prefabricated lubrication pockets could also be used here. For example, the cross member 16 could also be made of a metallic sliding material. In this case, the two sliding plates 38a and 38b can also be omitted.

The special arrangement of the main sliding surface 22 or the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b results in a functional combination of the vertical and horizontal force transfer. Thus, on the one hand, vertical forces can be absorbed via the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b and transmitted from the lamella 20 to the cross member 16. The same applies to those directed transversely to the axis of movement A. Horizontal forces. Thus, on the other hand, these can also be received by the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b and correspondingly transferred between the lamella 20 and the cross member 16.

The ratio of absorbable vertical loads and horizontal forces transverse to the axis of movement A can be adjusted by the inclination of the two partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b or the corresponding two sliding planes 34a and 34b. Thus, both sliding planes 34a and 34b enclose a first angle a, which is selected such that no gaping joint arises in the area of the main sliding surface 22 when the transition structure 10A, 10B is in use. The first angle a is even chosen in such a way that no gaping joint occurs in the area of the main sliding surface 22 even in the limit state of the load-bearing capacity of the transition structure 10A, 10B. In this embodiment, the first angle a is 90 degrees. However, if the transition structure 10A, 10B is to be designed for less high horizontal forces, a more obtuse first angle a can also be used.

As an alternative or in addition, the inclination of the two sliding planes 34a and 34b can also be specified via their angle of intersection with respect to the plane of movement B of the transition structure 10A, 10B. Thus, both sliding planes 34a and 34b are angled with respect to the plane of movement B by a second angle β or inclined downward. In the present embodiment, both sliding planes 34a and 34b have the same second angle β, which is 45 degrees here. In the case of a less high horizontal force, however, a somewhat flatter second angle ß can also be selected.

Furthermore, the transition structure 10A, 10B has a bracket 40 with a pretensioning unit 42 in the region of the intersection point K. The bracket 40 is attached to the lamella 20. In addition, the bracket 40 and the pretensioning unit 42 are designed in such a way that the lamella 20 is pretensioned, displaceable and rotatably mounted about the vertical axis V by means of the pretensioning unit 42 at the point of intersection K with respect to the cross member 16. In this embodiment, the preloading unit 42 is designed as a sliding spring. The sliding spring is attached to the underside of the cross member 16 so that a horizontal sliding surface 44 is located between the sliding spring and the cross member 16. However, the sliding spring does not have any guide surfaces. This enables the rotary movements around the vertical axis V.

In the area of the horizontal sliding surface 44, the sliding spring contains a sliding material 46 in the form of a lubricated sliding washer with PTFE. The use of UHMWPE, POM and / or PA would also be conceivable. Furthermore, the sliding disk has several prefabricated lubrication pockets in which the lubricant can be stored and distributed evenly in the area of the horizontal sliding surface 44.

In addition, the bracket 40 includes a rigid connecting element 48A. The connecting element 48A can alternatively also be designed as a second pivot pin 48B via which the slide spring is rotatably attached to the bracket 40. This is advantageous, for example, if the pretensioning unit 42 has any guide surfaces next to the horizontal sliding surface 44. The first pivot 32 of the sliding bearing 24 and the second pivot 48B of the bracket 40 form a common axis of rotation D. As a result, the lamella 20 is rotatably supported around the axis of rotation D and thus around the vertical axis V with respect to the cross member 16 at the intersection point K. In spite of the pretensioning, the degrees of freedom between the lamella 20 and the traverse 16, which are predetermined by the sliding bearing 24, are not restricted any further.

In the present embodiment, the main sliding surfaces 22 form a common axis of movement A at all intersection points K along a traverse 16. In addition, the corresponding partial sliding surfaces 22a and 22b lie in the same sliding planes 34a and 34b. The traverse 16 thus has a constant cross section along its longitudinal axis in the sliding area. As a result, the structure of the transition structure 10A, 10B can be simplified and manufacturing costs can be reduced.

In the event of high forces acting, the carrier plate 28 is designed to be deformable. Thus, if sufficiently high forces act on the carrier plate 28, the latter comes into contact with its horizontal section with a horizontal section of the cross member 16. As a result, the main sliding surface 22 has a further horizontal partial sliding surface 22c between the carrier plate 28 and the cross member 16.

The advantages of the main sliding surface 22 according to the invention can also be used when mounting the crossbars 16 in the crossbar boxes 18. As already mentioned above, the traverses 16 are received in the respective truss box 18 via an upper slide bearing 50 or a corresponding slide spring and a lower slide bearing 52. Thus, the traverse 16 can be pretensioned with respect to the lower sliding bearing by means of the sliding spring. The sliding spring can be rotatably attached to the ceiling of the truss box 18 via a pivot pin. In this embodiment, however, the pivot pin is attached to the underside of the edge lamella 20a, which connects to the ceiling of the truss box 18. In addition, the sliding spring rests on the cross member 16. Thus, there is another main sliding surface between the sliding spring and the cross member 16, as described above.

6 and 7 show a point of intersection K of a lamella 120 and a traverse 116 of a transition structure 110 according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The transition construction 110 corresponds essentially to the transition construction 10B of the second embodiment. The identical components are not discussed further below.

However, the transition structure 110 differs from the transition structure 10B of the second embodiment in that the main sliding surface 122 is between the lamella 120 and the Plain bearing 124 and the cross member 116 is configured differently. Here, the two partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b, which are angled to one another, are arranged in such a way that the corresponding sliding planes 134a and 134b form the shape of an upside-down gable roof. Here, too, the axis of movement A forms the ridge of the gable roof. The design of the components arranged in the area of the main sliding surface 122, such as the sliding plates 138a and 138b and the sliding pads 136a and 136b, has been adapted accordingly. The same applies to the components of the sliding bearing 124, such as the base plate 126, the elastomer layer 130 and the carrier plate 128. However, their basic functions are retained as described above.

The advantages of this embodiment essentially correspond to those of the second embodiment. In addition, the sliding bearing 124 can be designed to be stronger at the most heavily stressed center in the area of the axis of rotation D than in the edge area, without requiring further installation space in the vertical direction. Furthermore, in this embodiment the zero point of the moment, that is to say the point of intersection of the three forces at right angles to the sliding surface in the preloading unit 42 or sliding spring and the sliding bearing 124, is shifted upwards to the height of the lamella 120. This improves the torsional rigidity at the intersection point K.

FIG. 8 shows a section of a point of intersection K of a lamella 120 and a traverse 116 of a transition structure 210 according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. The transition construction 210 corresponds essentially to the transition construction 110 of the third embodiment. The identical components are not discussed further below.

The transition construction 210 differs, however, in that it has a different sliding bearing 224. Here, the carrier plate 228 is designed in two pieces. In addition, the slide bearing 224 has two thrust surfaces 254 and 256, which are each arranged in a plane 258 and 260 between the carrier plate 228 and the base plate 226. The two planes 258 and 260 are arranged at an oblique angle to the sliding planes 134a and 134b of the partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b, which are angled to one another.

9 shows a section of a point of intersection K of a lamella 120 and a cross member 116 of a transition structure 310 according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. The transition construction 310 corresponds essentially to the transition construction 110 of the third embodiment. The components with the same structure are not discussed further below. Furthermore, for the sake of clarity, not all details of the slide bearing, the traverse and the associated sliding surfaces are shown in the figure.

The transition structure 310 differs from the transition structure 110 of the third embodiment in that between the cross member 116 and the lamella 120 two of the above described main sliding surfaces 122 are arranged side by side. In particular, the two main sliding surfaces 122 are formed identically. The respective partial sliding surfaces 122a and 122b of the two main sliding surfaces 122 are thus arranged such that the respective sliding planes 134a and 134b form the shape of an upside-down gable roof. The two lines of intersection S or the two axes of movement A of the two main sliding surfaces 122 differ from one another. In this embodiment, the two axes of movement A run parallel to one another. In addition, the two axes of movement A are arranged in the plane of movement B of the transition structure 310. The further main sliding surface 122 further reduces the risk of a gaping joint in the overall main sliding surface at the intersection point K of the transition structure 310. At the same time, the lamella 120 at the point of intersection K can move relative to the cross member 116 with as little resistance as possible due to the parallel arrangement of the two axes of movement A to one another in the plane of movement B.

The transition structure according to the invention can alternatively be designed as a walking sleeper structure for the construction of railway bridges. Here, too, the basic principle of the swiveling beam construction described is used.

REFERENCES A, 10B, 0, 210, 310 transition construction

Building a First building part b Second building part

Structural joint, 116 traverse

Truss box, 120 lamella a edge lamella, 122 main sliding surface a, 122a partial sliding surface b, 122b partial sliding surface c partial sliding surface, 124, 224 sliding bearing, 126, 226 base plate, 128, 228 carrier plate, 130 elastomer layer

First pivot a, 134a sliding plane b, 134b sliding plane

Sliding material a, 136a sliding pad b, 136b sliding pad a, 138a sliding sheet b, 138b sliding sheet

hanger

Pretensioning unit Horizontal sliding surface Sliding material A Connection element B Second pivot pin Upper sliding bearing Lower sliding bearing 4 Thrust surface 6 Thrust surface 8 Level 260 level

A axis of motion

B plane of motion

D axis of rotation

E plane of symmetry

S cutting line

K crossing point

L longitudinal axis

V Vertical axis a First angle ß Second angle

Claims

EXPECTATIONS

1. Transition construction (10B) for bridging a building joint (14) between two building parts (12a, 12b) of a building (12) with at least two cross members (16) mounted on the building edges and at least one slat (20) mounted thereon, with between at least one traverse (16) and at least one lamella (20) a main sliding surface (22) is arranged, characterized in that the main sliding surface (22) has at least two partial sliding surfaces (22a, 22b), each in sliding planes (34a, 34b) angled to one another ) are arranged, wherein the sliding planes (34a, 34b) meet in a common line of intersection (S) which forms a movement axis (A) along which the lamella (20) can move relative to the cross member (16), and at least one Sliding plane (34a, 34b) is arranged at an oblique angle to a plane of movement (B) of the transition structure (10B).

2. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 1, characterized in that the two sliding planes (34a, 34b) enclose a first angle (a) which is chosen so that when the transition construction (10B) is in use there is no gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface (22) arises.

3. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 2, characterized in that the first angle (a) is chosen such that in the limit state of the load-bearing capacity of the transition construction (10) there is no gaping joint in the area of the main sliding surface (22).

4. transition construction (10B) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the first angle (a) is between 60 degrees and 160 degrees, preferably 90 degrees.

5. Transition construction (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the two sliding planes (34a, 34b) are arranged such that the cutting line (S) runs parallel to a longitudinal axis of a traverse (16).

6. transition construction (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of main sliding surfaces (22) are arranged along a cross member (16) and form a common axis of movement (A).

7. Transition construction (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross member (16) has at least one sliding plate (38a, 38b) in the region of the main sliding surface (22).

8. transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross member (16) is made of a, preferably metallic, sliding material.

9. Transition construction (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the main sliding surface (22) has a permanently lubricated sliding material (36), preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

10. Transition construction (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two partial sliding surfaces (22a, 22b) angled to one another are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes (34a, 34b) form the shape of a gable roof.

11. Transition construction (110) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two angled partial sliding surfaces (122a, 122b) are arranged such that the corresponding sliding planes (134a, 134b) form the shape of an upside-down gable roof.

12. Transition construction (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two angled partial sliding surfaces (22a, 22b) relative to a plane of symmetry (E) extending through the cutting line (S) in the vertical direction to the plane of movement (B) is symmetrical to one another are trained.

13. Transition construction (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one sliding plane (34a, 34b) is inclined relative to the plane of movement (B) by a second angle (β) between 10 degrees and 60 degrees, preferably 45 degrees is.

14. transition structure (10B) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) has at least one point of intersection (K) of a lamella (10) with a traverse (16) on which a slide bearing (24) with a carrier plate, preferably rotatable about an axis (V) vertical to the plane of movement (B) (28) is arranged between the traverse (16) and the lamella (20), the main sliding surface (22) extending between the traverse (16) and the carrier plate (28).

15. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 14, characterized in that the carrier plate (28) is designed to be deformable so that the main sliding surface (22) has at least one partial sliding surface (22c) which is horizontal to the plane of movement (B) depending on the amount of force applied.

16. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the sliding bearing (24) furthermore has a base plate (26) via which the sliding bearing (24) is attached to the lamella (20), and the lamella (20) ) or the base plate (26) preferably has a first pivot pin (32) via which the slide bearing (24) is rotatably attached to the lamella (20).

17. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 16, characterized in that the sliding bearing (24) furthermore has an elastomer layer (30) which is arranged between the carrier plate (28) and the base plate (26).

18. Transition construction (210) according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the sliding bearing (224) has at least one thrust surface (254) which is arranged in a plane (258) between the carrier plate (228) and the base plate (226) wherein the plane (258) is arranged at an oblique angle to the sliding planes (134a, 134b) of the partial sliding surfaces (122a, 122b) which are angled to one another.

19. Transition construction (10B) according to one of claims 14 to 18, characterized in that the transition construction (10B) in the region of at least one intersection point (K) has a bracket (40) arranged on the lamella (20) with a pretensioning unit (42) a sliding material (46), preferably a sliding spring, and the bracket (40) and the pretensioning unit (42) are designed in such a way that the lamella (20) is pretensioned and displaceable and / or at the intersection point (K) with respect to the traverse (16) is mounted rotatably about the axis (V) vertical to the plane of movement (B).

20. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 19 and at least claim 16, characterized in that the bracket (40) has a second pivot (48B) via which the preloading unit (42) is rotatably attached to the bracket (40), the first The pivot pin (32) and the second pivot pin (48B) form a common axis of rotation (D) and the lamella (20) is rotatably mounted around the axis of rotation (D) with respect to the cross member (16) at the intersection point (K).

21. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 19, characterized in that the pretensioning unit (42) is designed in a guide-neutral manner for movements of the lamella (20) relative to the traverse (16) along the main sliding surface (22).

22. Transition construction (10B) according to one of claims 19 to 21, characterized in that the sliding material (46) of the pretensioning unit (42) has a permanently lubricated sliding material, preferably with PTFE, UHMWPE, POM and / or PA.

23. Transition construction (10B) according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the pretensioning unit (42) has a screw for pretensioning the pretensioning unit (42) in an installed state.

24. Transition construction (10B) according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the prestressing unit (42) is designed in such a way that it can be installed prestressed and relieved to a predetermined prestress in an installed state.

25. Transition structure (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) has at least one traverse box (18) in which one end of the traverse (16) is slidably and / or rotatably mounted.

26. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 25, characterized in that the end of the cross member (16) has at least one bore and the cross member box (18) has at least one pin via which the end of the cross member (16) is mounted in the cross member box (18) is.

27. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 25 or 26, characterized in that the traverse box (18) has an upper slide bearing (50) arranged above the traverse (16), wherein between the upper slide bearing (50) and the traverse (16) a main sliding surface (22) designed according to the preceding claims is arranged.

28. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 27, characterized in that the upper slide bearing (50) is rotatably attached to the truss box (18).

29. Transition construction (10B) according to claim 27 or 28, characterized in that the upper sliding bearing (50) is a sliding spring.

30. Transition structure (10B) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition structure (10B) is a pivoting cross member structure.

31. Transition construction (1 OB) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transition construction (10B) is a threshold construction for the

Railway bridge construction is.

32. Transition construction (310) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of, preferably two, main sliding surfaces (122) are arranged between a traverse (116) and a lamella (120), the axes of movement (A) of which differ from one another.

33. Transition structure (310) according to claim 32, characterized in that the axes of movement (A) run parallel to one another and are preferably arranged in the plane of movement (B) of the transition structure (310) or in a plane parallel thereto.