EP4039835A1 - Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matière première - Google Patents

Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matière première Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4039835A1
EP4039835A1 EP21020054.9A EP21020054A EP4039835A1 EP 4039835 A1 EP4039835 A1 EP 4039835A1 EP 21020054 A EP21020054 A EP 21020054A EP 4039835 A1 EP4039835 A1 EP 4039835A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
kiln
alkali metal
dust
metal chlorides
raw material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21020054.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jiri BROKL
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Holcim Technology Ltd
Original Assignee
Holcim Technology Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Holcim Technology Ltd filed Critical Holcim Technology Ltd
Priority to EP21020054.9A priority Critical patent/EP4039835A1/fr
Priority to PCT/IB2022/050948 priority patent/WO2022167970A1/fr
Publication of EP4039835A1 publication Critical patent/EP4039835A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
    • C22B1/02—Roasting processes
    • C22B1/08—Chloridising roasting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • C22B26/12—Obtaining lithium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B7/00—Rotary-drum furnaces, i.e. horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F27B7/20—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to rotary-drum furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D17/00—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases
    • F27D17/008—Arrangements for using waste heat; Arrangements for using, or disposing of, waste gases cleaning gases

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method of extracting lithium from a raw material mixture.
  • alkali metals especially rare ones such as Li, Rb and Cs, and also K and Na
  • silicates especially rare ones such as Li, Rb and Cs, and also K and Na
  • aluminosilicates especially rare ones such as Li, Rb and Cs, and also K and Na
  • phosphates and other minerals such as lepidolite, zinnwaldite, spodumene, petalite, pollucite and amblygonite.
  • WO 2018/228618 A1 describes a method for recovering alkali metals including lithium from a raw material that contains a silicate mineral selected from the group of phyllosilicates containing lithium and optionally further alkali metals, such as zinnwaldite, spodumene, lepidolite, pollucite and amblygonite, an alkaline earth metal mineral, preferably a calcium mineral, such as limestone, marl and dolomite, and a reagent being capable of releasing chlorine during a thermal treatment, such as CaCl 2 or HCl.
  • a silicate mineral selected from the group of phyllosilicates containing lithium and optionally further alkali metals, such as zinnwaldite, spodumene, lepidolite, pollucite and amblygonite
  • an alkaline earth metal mineral preferably a calcium mineral, such as limestone, marl and dolomite
  • a reagent being capable of releasing chlorine during a thermal treatment, such as
  • the raw material is subjected to heat treatment in a kiln, which results in that the structure of the silicate mineral decomposes while releasing lithium and other alkali metals which combine with chlorine to form volatile alkali metal chlorides.
  • the alkali metal chlorides are evaporated into the exhaust gas of the kiln, and lithium and optionally additional alkali metals are subsequently recovered by condensation by drawing off 50 to 100 vol.-% of exhaust gas from the kiln at one or more different locations having different temperatures.
  • the remaining raw material components being present in the kiln in an at least partly melted form due to the thermal treatment are collected from the kiln and can be used as a synthetic mineral component, similar to blast furnace slag in its composition and properties, in composite cements.
  • the present invention aims at further improving the process described in WO 2018/228618 A1 .
  • the invention aims at adapting such a process for allowing the process to be carried out with equipment that is typically present in a cement manufacturing plant.
  • the invention provides a method of extracting lithium from a raw material mixture, comprising the steps of:
  • the invention is based on the finding that a process of the type described in WO 2018/228618 A1 requires special process conditions for being able to be carried out in a typical rotary kiln of a cement manufacturing plant. It was found that it requires a high temperature for melting the raw material mixture to allow the lithium and optionally the further alkali metals to combine with the chlorine of the reagent to form alkali metal chlorides in gaseous form. Further, it was found that the raw material, once melted, must not fall below the melting temperature, because this may cause material build-up that blocks the rotary kiln due to the stickiness of the material.
  • the melt has to be maintained at a temperature of > 1150°C in a kiln outlet region of the rotary kiln to allow the melt to flow to a kiln outlet of the rotary kiln and then flow out of the kiln.
  • the melt is maintained at a temperature of > 1200°C in the kiln outlet region.
  • the temperature within the rotary kiln is controlled in order to keep the material melted along the length of the kiln and to assure the liquid phase to reach the outlet of the rotary kiln and to avoid formation of solids in the kiln.
  • alkali metals in particular lithium
  • their separation from the kiln exhaust gas is improved if gaseous alkali metal chlorides are drawn off from the rotary kiln together with the kiln dust.
  • This allows quenching the exhaust gas together with the kiln dust and the gaseous alkali metal chlorides thereby condensing the alkali metal chlorides on the surface of the kiln dust.
  • the kiln dust typically contains chlorides, so that the kiln dust provides a highly reactive surface for condensing the alkali metal chlorides. Further, condensing the kiln dust reduces the stickiness of the material.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that additional inert dust is added to the quenching step.
  • additional inert dust may be added to the quenching step.
  • fien marl or limestone may be used as said inert dust.
  • the inert dust may preferably be introduced or sprayed directly into the quenching chamber.
  • the kiln dust with the condensed alkali metal chlorides adhering thereto is separated from the exhaust gas. This separation may be performed by means of a cyclone separator or a ceramic filter.
  • the collected dust is mixed with water, for example in a ratio between 1:2 and 1:10, and as the alkali metal chlorides are highly soluble, they are collected in an aqueous solution.
  • the water may be filtered out via, for example using a filter press.
  • This aqueous solution of alkali metals chlorides can be considered the final product of the process.
  • the solution of alkali metals chlorides can further be concentrated, for example using waste heat from the thermal process treatment in an industrial evaporator.
  • the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides may be concentrated by evaporating water, wherein the exhaust gas separated from the condensed alkali metal chlorides adhering to the kiln dust is preferably used as a heat source for the evaporation step.
  • the exhaust gases from the entire process can be used in further hydrometallurgical treatment of the alkali metal solution.
  • a lithium separation may be performed by conversion to lithium carbonate, subsequent purification of lithium carbonate by recrystallization, and drying of the final lithium carbonate product.
  • the silicate mineral is present in the raw material mixture in an amount of 20-35 wt.-%
  • the alkaline earth metal mineral is present in the raw material mixture in an amount of 55-75 wt.-%
  • the reagent is present in the raw material mixture in an amount of 5-10 wt.-%, with the proviso that the sum of the relative amounts of the silicate mineral, the alkaline earth metal mineral and the reagent is 100 wt.-%.
  • the raw material mixture comprises or consists of zinnwaldite, marl and CaCl 2 .
  • the weight ratio of the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides to SiO 2 in the raw material mixture preferably is at least 1, i.e. (CaO + MgO)/SiO 2 > 1.
  • the weight ratio of the total amount of alkaline earth metal oxides and SiO 2 in the raw material mixture is at least 0.67, i.e. CaO + MgO + SiO2 > 0.67
  • the reagent level is adjusted to the alkali metals concentration in the raw material mixture.
  • the chlorine level is 50-150 % stoichiometrically to all alkali metals in raw material mixture.
  • the reagent containing chlorine may be a substance that is able to release chlorine in its free form or in a bonded form, such as CaCl 2 or HCl.
  • chlorine must not be bonded to an alkali metal. Therefore, kiln bypass dust is not considered a suitable reagent, because the chlorides are already combined with alkali metals, and not available for the extraction of lithium.
  • the concentration of lithium in the silicate mineral is at least 0.2 wt.%, preferably at least 0.9 wt.%.
  • the three constituents of the raw material mixture are introduced into the rotary kiln in a premixed form.
  • the reagent capable of releasing chlorine during thermal treatment, or a partial amount thereof can also be introduced into the rotary kiln as a fuel for the kiln burner.
  • the reagent capable of releasing chlorine during the thermal treatment may be chlorinated organic compounds, such as chlorinated polymers (for example polyvinylchloride, polychloroprene), polychlorinated biphenyls or halogenated oils or solvents.
  • chlorinated polymers for example polyvinylchloride, polychloroprene
  • polychlorinated biphenyls or halogenated oils or solvents.
  • the quenching step comprises cooling the exhaust gas together with the kiln dust and the gaseous alkali metal chlorides to a temperature of below 600°C. Quenching to temperatures below 600°C may be performed by using fresh air in order to avoid build-ups formation. Quenching is preferably done right at the kiln inlet border, preferably the cooling air is directed towards the exhaust gas stream and enters the first meter of the rotary kiln.
  • the method comprises a pre-heating step carried out before the thermal treatment, in which the raw material mixture is preheated to a temperature slightly lower than the temperature when the first alkali metals and chlorine compounds start to melt, preferably between 600°C and 750°C.
  • the preheating step may be performed in a rotary kiln or a grate preheater/precalciner (similar to a Lepol system).
  • the exhaust gas from the rotary kiln may be used as a primary source of heat for preheating/precalcining, whereas secondary heat and/or start-up heat may be introduced by natural gas, pet coke or coal.
  • the raw material mixture may be subjected to the preheating step and the thermal treatment in the form of a dust or as granules.
  • the granules preferably have a particle size of ⁇ 3cm, preferably ⁇ 1cm.
  • Granules may be produced by adding water to the raw material mixture, according to any known granulation process, such as by using a rotating pan. Granules avoid the formation of dust in the thermal treatment.
  • the dust has a particle size distribution corresponding to a 10-50% residue on a 90 micron sieve or having a D50 of 30-90 ⁇ m (the D50 meaning that 50% of the particles are smaller than 30-90 pm).
  • the rotary kiln used in the invention is understood to be a rotary kiln of the type used for producing cement clinker in a cement manufacturing plant.
  • the preheated and optionally pre-calcined cement raw meal is introduced into the rotary kiln through a kiln inlet, which is arranged opposite a kiln outlet.
  • the tubular kiln has an inclination of a few degrees relative to the horizontal, so that material introduced through the kiln inlet can be slowly transported to the kiln outlet by the effect of gravity and according to the rotational speed of the kiln while being sintered.
  • the kiln burner is arranged at the kiln outlet, so that exhaust gases are travelling through the rotary kiln in counter-current flow to the clinker and leaves the kiln via the kiln inlet.
  • the raw material mixture may preferably be introduced into the rotary kiln through a kiln inlet that is arranged opposite the kiln outlet and the raw material mixture is preferably conducted in counter-current flow to the exhaust gas that is drawn off from the rotary kiln through the kiln inlet.
  • This embodiment is suitable for raw material that is used either in the form of granules or in the form of a dust.
  • the raw material mixture being in the form of a dust may be introduced into the rotary kiln through the kiln outlet.
  • a co-flow set up is achieved, wherein the raw material is fed to the kiln outlet next to the main burner.
  • the dust flow is preferably sprayed into the exhaust gases from the kiln outlet side and settles down along the kiln length, then it flows as a liquid slowly back to the kiln outlet according to the rotational speed of the kiln, where it is collected and further processed.
  • the resulting material can be used as a synthetic mineral component in cement compositions.
  • the temperature of the melt shall not fall below the melting temperature before the melt leaves the kiln through the kiln outlet. Therefore, a specific temperature control is preferred, wherein the melt is collected from the rotary kiln having a temperature still above the melting point, and then abruptly cooled.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that the main burner of the rotary kiln is arranged outside of the kiln to assure that the flame starts at the border of the rotary kiln and that the kiln cooling zone is as short as possible.
  • the cooling step of the liquid material that has been collected from the rotary kiln may preferably be performed in a dry slag granulator with a spinning cup and grates. Fresh air may be used for the cooling step. A part of the preheated air may then be used in the rotary kiln as secondary air.
  • a device for extracting lithium from a raw material mixture comprising a rotary kiln having a kiln inlet and a kiln outlet, a kiln burner arranged at the kiln outlet, a kiln hood adjacent the kiln outlet, a quenching chamber directly connected to the kiln inlet for quenching an exhaust gas together with kiln dust and gaseous alkali metal chlorides drawn of from the kiln inlet, a separator that is connected to the quenching chamber for separating condensed alkali metal chlorides adhering to the kiln dust from the exhaust gas, a mixing tank that is connected to the separator for mixing the condensed alkali metal chlorides adhering to the kiln dust with water to obtain an aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides, and a filter press for separating the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides from the kil
  • the kiln burner may preferably be arranged outside the rotary kiln adjacent the kiln outlet for directing a flame into the rotary kiln. This results in that a high temperature is attained directly at the border of the rotary kiln so as to avoid solidification of the molten material before it is drawn off from the kiln.
  • the kiln is preferably adapted according to the following considerations. In a normal cement manufacturing process, the kiln is lined with high temperature resistant refractory bricks. These bricks are thermally and mechanically resistant, but do not provide sufficient resistance to heat flow.
  • This feature is advantageous especially in the sinter zone of the kiln where, due to the heat flow, the melted liquid phase solidifies and creates build-ups. This build-up then protects the refractory from mechanical and thermal stress, prolonging its lifetime.
  • the kiln has different kinds of refractory bricks used along its length, in order to adjust the refractor lining to the thermal and mechanical stress in different kiln sections.
  • the situation is different. Because of the need to keep the material melted and flowing out of the kiln, measures should be taken to stop the heat flow through the refractory lining in the kiln in order to avoid build-up formation. For this reason, the refractory lining preferably comprises two layers.
  • the first layer preferably is made from hard and resistant bricks.
  • the bricks of the first layer are rich in zirconium, which provides very high resistance to heat, mechanical stress and alkali intrusion.
  • the second layer of the refractory lining is preferably made of thermal insulating bricks, which should avoid excessive heat flow to the kiln shell.
  • the first layer and the second layer of the refractory lining are each extending over the entire length of the rotary kiln.
  • the first layer and the second layer each consist of only one type of bricks along the kiln length.
  • a preferred embodiment provides that a dust spraying device is arranged adjacent the kiln outlet for spraying the preheated raw material mixture into the rotary kiln.
  • a cooling air duct opens into the quenching chamber, said a cooling air duct being arranged to direct a flow of cooling air towards the exhaust gas that leaves the rotary kiln through the kiln inlet.
  • a duct for introducing inert dust may preferably open into the quenching chamber. wherein the rotary kiln axis has an inclination of 2-7°, preferably, 5-7° relative to the horizontal.
  • the rotary kiln may preferably be operated at a rotary speed of between 1 and 10 rpm.
  • Fig. 1 is a block scheme of an embodiment of the process of the invention.
  • Fig. 1 shows that the raw material mixture consists of a phyllosilicate mineral 1 containing lithium, mineral 2 containing alkaline earth metals, and a reagent 3 capable of releasing chlorine during a thermal treatment.
  • the three constituents are mixed and introduced into a grinder, where the raw material mixture is subjected to a grinding step 4.
  • the grinded material is subsequently subjected to a homogenization step 5 and to a preheating/pre-calcining step 6, where the raw material mixture is preheated to a temperature of 600-750°C.
  • the preheated material is introduced into a rotary kiln 7, where the material is subjected to a heat treatment at a temperature at which the raw material is melted while releasing lithium, the lithium combining with the chlorine of the reagent to form alkali metal chlorides in gaseous form.
  • the melt is collected from the outlet of the rotary kiln 7 and subjected to a quenching and cooling step 8 by using cooling air 9.
  • the solidified melt is collected at 10 and may be used as a mineral component in composite cements.
  • the exhaust air that has been heated as a consequence of the cooling step 8 leaves the cooler at 11 and may be used as a waste heat for further hydrometallurgical processing.
  • the exhaust gas of the rotary kiln 7 contains kiln dust and the gaseous alkali metal chlorides and is subjected to a quenching step 12, wherein fresh air and/or inert dust may be added to the quenching step at 13.
  • the alkali metal chlorides are condensed on the surface of the kiln dust.
  • the exhaust gas containing the kiln dust with the alkali metal chlorides adhering thereto is fed to a separator, where a dedusting step 14 is carried out in order to separate the kiln dust form the exhaust gas.
  • step 15 the dust is being leached in water 16 so as to obtain an aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides.
  • the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides is subjected to a filtration step 16 for separating the aqueous solution of alkali metal chlorides from the kiln dust.
  • the non-soluble separated dust may be recycled into the grinding step 4 via line 17.
  • the aqueous solution may be subjected to an evaporation step 18, thereby obtaining the final product 19, which is a concentrated solution of alkali metal chlorides.
  • the water vapor that is removed from the evaporation step 18 may be subjected to a condensation step 20 and the resulting water may be used as leaching water in step 15.
  • the kiln exhaust gas, from which the kiln dust was separated in step 14, may on the one hand be used to provide heat to the preheating/precalcining step 6. After being used in the preheating/precalcining step 6, the exhaust gas may further be fed to the grinding step 4, in order to dry the raw material mixture. The exhaust gas 22 leaving the grinding step 4 may be used as waste heat for further hydrometallurgical processing.
  • the kiln exhaust gas, from which the kiln dust was separated in step 14, may on the other hand be used as a heat source for the evaporation step 18. Again, the exhaust gas 21 leaving the evaporation step 18 may be used as waste heat for further hydrometallurgical processing.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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EP21020054.9A 2021-02-05 2021-02-05 Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matière première Pending EP4039835A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21020054.9A EP4039835A1 (fr) 2021-02-05 2021-02-05 Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matière première
PCT/IB2022/050948 WO2022167970A1 (fr) 2021-02-05 2022-02-03 Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matières premières

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP21020054.9A EP4039835A1 (fr) 2021-02-05 2021-02-05 Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matière première

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EP4039835A1 true EP4039835A1 (fr) 2022-08-10

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EP21020054.9A Pending EP4039835A1 (fr) 2021-02-05 2021-02-05 Procédé d'extraction de lithium à partir d'un mélange de matière première

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EP (1) EP4039835A1 (fr)
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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB678978A (en) * 1949-05-07 1952-09-10 Cie Geol Et Miniere Des Ingeni Improvements in method of recovering lithium compounds from lithium minerals
US2627452A (en) * 1949-07-06 1953-02-03 Scient Design Co Preparation of lithium chloride from spodumene
WO2018228618A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2018-12-20 Vysoka Skola Chemicko-Technologicka V Praze Procédé de production de composés de lithium et éventuellement d'autres métaux alcalins

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB678978A (en) * 1949-05-07 1952-09-10 Cie Geol Et Miniere Des Ingeni Improvements in method of recovering lithium compounds from lithium minerals
US2627452A (en) * 1949-07-06 1953-02-03 Scient Design Co Preparation of lithium chloride from spodumene
WO2018228618A1 (fr) 2017-06-16 2018-12-20 Vysoka Skola Chemicko-Technologicka V Praze Procédé de production de composés de lithium et éventuellement d'autres métaux alcalins

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
VYAS ET AL: "Lithium extraction from indian lepidolite", RES. IND,, vol. 20, 1 June 1976 (1976-06-01), pages 68 - 70, XP009505040 *

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