EP4034375A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer tablettiermaschine bevorzugt im laufenden betrieb mittels einer an einem pressstempel angebrachten messeinrichtung - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer tablettiermaschine bevorzugt im laufenden betrieb mittels einer an einem pressstempel angebrachten messeinrichtungInfo
- Publication number
- EP4034375A1 EP4034375A1 EP20780617.5A EP20780617A EP4034375A1 EP 4034375 A1 EP4034375 A1 EP 4034375A1 EP 20780617 A EP20780617 A EP 20780617A EP 4034375 A1 EP4034375 A1 EP 4034375A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- measuring device
- sensor
- press ram
- press
- machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/26—Programme control arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
- B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
- B30B11/08—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space co-operating with moulds carried by a turntable
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/0094—Press load monitoring means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B30—PRESSES
- B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
- B30B15/00—Details of, or accessories for, presses; Auxiliary measures in connection with pressing
- B30B15/06—Platens or press rams
- B30B15/065—Press rams
Definitions
- the invention preferably relates to a ram for a tablet machine.
- the press ram preferably has a measuring device which is energy self-sufficient and can function independently of the voltage supply of the tableting machine.
- the invention preferably relates to a tabletting machine and a system which contains the above-mentioned press ram.
- the invention also relates to a method for monitoring a tablet machine with the press ram according to the invention during operation.
- the measuring device of the press ram preferably has a sensor, a computing unit and a communication unit as well as a memory unit.
- the sensor of the measuring device records physical or chemical measured values.
- the communication unit of the measuring device then sends the recorded measured values of the sensor, preferably to a programmable logic controller of the tableting machine and / or to a data processing unit and / or the recorded measured values of the sensor are preferably saved on the memory unit of the measuring device.
- Tableting machines are mainly used for the production of tablets on an industrial scale. Tableting machines are based on the principle that a die is filled with a powder mixture to be tableted in a first step. The mixture is then compressed into a tablet by the interaction of an upper and lower punch. Modern tablet machines can produce several million tablets per hour with multiple tools.
- a sensor (also a detector or measuring transducer or measuring probe) is a technical component and preferably the first element of a measuring chain in a measuring device.
- a sensor can measure physical (e.g. amount of heat, temperature, humidity, pressure, sound field sizes, brightness, Acceleration) or chemical (e.g. pH value, ionic strength, electrochemical potential) properties and / or the material nature of its environment qualitatively or quantitatively as a measured variable. These quantities are recorded using physical or chemical effects and converted into an electrical signal that can be further processed. Sensors within machine tools, in particular forming machines, such as, for example, presses or punching, are well known.
- the publication DE 102006 002 359 B4 discloses a tableting machine in the form of a rotary press which has a temperature sensor in the immediate vicinity of its die.
- the sensor is stationary, not rotating with the rotor, for example attached to the machine frame.
- the sensor particularly records temperature values of the tablets to be produced.
- a disadvantage of such a tableting machine is that only one physical property can be recorded, namely the temperature in the interior of the press. Furthermore, the temperature can only be measured stationary at one point in the press interior.
- DE 102005 051 567 B4 discloses a tableting machine - a rotary press - and a method for measuring the path of a press ram.
- the press rams of the rotary press are equipped with markers. Due to the rotational movement of the press punches, they pass a stationary sensor (outside the rotor). This records the position changes of the markers, which are then evaluated.
- the document DE 195 02 596 C2 describes sensors and measuring devices for checking the tableting process. Force sensors are attached to both an upper and a lower pressure roller in order to determine the pressing force values of a pair of punches. In connection with the rotor position, the measurements and previously determined machine parameters are used to measure and calculate path-press force assignments.
- the disadvantage of this arrangement is that the pressing force is not measured directly on the press rams. Components (pressure roller, pressure roller bearings, pressing stations) of different strength and rigidity are located between the sensor and the press ram. These components influence the quality of the force measurement. Another disadvantage is the fact that only one physical property can be recorded on the basis of this sensor arrangement, namely the force which acts on the pressure roller through the press ram.
- Press rams are an essential element for the functionality of tableting machines, so it is important to monitor them in particular.
- forming machines, in particular presses are known in some cases, which include a sensor which is set up to monitor pressing forces on a press ram.
- the known configurations for monitoring pressing forces on pressing rams have significant disadvantages, as will become clear below.
- the publication DD 294457 A5 describes a sensor for measuring force on presses.
- a force sensor is built into a piston body.
- a ram is attached to this piston body so that the force sensor is located above the ram (on the upper ram) or is arranged below (at the lower punch).
- the force sensor is wired to a voltage source via a corresponding bore in the piston body.
- Such an arrangement also has disadvantages for eccentric presses.
- the ram must be held in a specifically designed piston body, whereby, inter alia, no different loads that occur partially within the ram can be measured. These can be disadvantageously obtained, for example, if the press ram does not appear perpendicular to the powder material to be pressed.
- the document DE 101 35283 C2 discloses a method for pressing powder material. Deformations of the die plate are measured or calculated for various press forces. The sensors for measuring the force are in direct connection with the ram and are attached above (upper ram) and below (lower ram) the press ram.
- the sensors are attached to the support surface of the die heads of the press dies.
- the object of the invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prior art and to provide a device and a method for tableting machines in order to determine physical and / or chemical properties directly and continuously on and / or in a press ram.
- the invention relates to a press ram for a tableting machine, characterized in that the press ram has a measuring device which is self-sufficient in terms of energy and functions independently of a voltage supply to the tableting machine.
- the press ram of the tableting machine has a measuring device, measured variables that are directly related to this press ram can be recorded without having to factor out the influences of other components.
- it can be attached in a simple manner without a connection to the voltage supply of the tablet machine.
- the measuring device is advantageously not fixed in a stationary manner at one location of the tableting machine by the rotating punch. This allows physical or chemical properties (e.g. measurement of temperature) to be recorded continuously during the entire rotor rotation of a rotary press.
- the present invention therefore advantageously enables, contrary to the known devices from the prior art, the recording of measured values before, during and after a pressing process.
- the tableting machine is preferably a rotary press or an eccentric press.
- the press ram is preferably designed in such a way that it has a stamp head, a stamp shaft and a stamp tip.
- a stamp head a stamp shaft and a stamp tip.
- the measuring device is preferably encompassed or incorporated in the punch shaft.
- the press ram is characterized in that the measuring device has a sensor for recording physical and / or chemical properties of the press ram and / or its surroundings.
- Physical properties are defined, for example, by the amount of heat, temperature, humidity, pressure, sound field sizes, brightness, acceleration.
- Chemical properties are, for example, pH value, ionic strength, electrochemical potential. The properties can be recorded qualitatively or quantitatively as a measured variable.
- the measuring device particularly preferably comprises several different sensors which record different physical or chemical properties (of the press ram and / or its surroundings) in parallel at the same time.
- the combination of several different recorded measured values advantageously leads to an increased accuracy of a state statement about components of the tablet machine or the production process
- the ram is characterized in that the measuring device has a sensor, in particular for receiving a force, a Has temperature or an acceleration of the ram and / or its surroundings.
- the press ram is characterized in that the measuring device has several sensors which are set up to measure the pressing force, the temperatures of the press ram and the ram tip and to measure the linear and rotary accelerations of the press ram. By measuring these values, statements can be made about the pressing process, the functionality of the press ram and the wear in general
- the measuring device comprises an active sensor.
- Active sensors generate a voltage due to their measuring principle and do not require any electrical auxiliary energy.
- Active sensors can be, for example, thermocouples, light sensors or pressure sensors. The installation of active sensors advantageously leads to lower energy consumption.
- the sensor of the measuring device is designed as a passive sensor.
- Passive sensors contain passive components, the parameters of which are changed by the measured variable. These parameters are converted into electrical signals by primary electronics. An externally supplied auxiliary energy is required for this.
- Passive sensors are e.g. E.g .: load cells, resistance thermometers, strain gauges, magnetic field sensors (Hall probe). Passive sensors advantageously provide particularly accurate measurement results.
- the senor is a temperature sensor.
- conclusions can be drawn about the function of the punch guide and the lubrication, which can provide information about wear.
- conclusions can be drawn about a pressing process.
- recorded temperature values of the press ram can advantageously be used to monitor or control compression or expansion of the press ram due to temperature fluctuations.
- the temperature can preferably be recorded in many ways with different sensors and measuring devices. Preferred sensors for recording the Temperature listed. However, the invention is not restricted to the sensors in general, their mode of operation and their method of construction.
- a preferred temperature sensor comprises an NTC thermistor, i.e. an NTC thermistor. This has a negative temperature coefficient, so that when the temperature rises, the resistance falls and a higher current flows.
- NTC thermistor i.e. an NTC thermistor.
- PTC thermistors i.e. PTC thermistors
- PTC thermistors can preferably also be used, which have a positive temperature coefficient, so that when the temperature rises, the resistance increases and a lower current flows.
- the temperature sensor is designed as a semiconductor temperature sensor. It generates an electrical quantity proportional to the absolute temperature. This electrical variable can preferably be represented in analog or digital form.
- the temperature sensor comprises a temperature sensor with a quartz oscillator as the measuring element.
- the resonance frequency of the oscillating quartz changes depending on the temperature and can be measured very precisely.
- the temperature sensors are preferably distributed on the outer surface of the press die body and particularly preferably within the press die body.
- thermocouples are a pair of metallic conductors made of different materials that are connected at one end. They convert a temperature difference into an electrical voltage (Seebeck effect).
- the temperature sensor can include ferromagnetic temperature sensors.
- the senor is a displacement sensor or a distance sensor.
- a displacement sensor advantageously leads to the precise determination of the position of a press ram in the tableting machine, so that positional abnormalities can be noticed immediately. Geometric changes in individual elements of the tablet machine can also be determined.
- the upper punch and the lower punch preferably cover a path that converges towards one another.
- a ratio between pressing force and displacement can preferably be determined (in combination with a force sensor) so that properties of the molding compound, such as elasticity, plasticity and porosity, can advantageously be derived from this.
- the determination of a position, a distance or a path can be achieved on the basis of a large number of measuring principles and, associated therewith, a large number of sensor arrangements.
- the invention is therefore not limited to the path or distance sensors listed in this document.
- the measuring device includes both direct and indirect measuring principles for determining the position, the distance or the path.
- the Measured values are also preferably obtained via the integrability of all conceivable linear position measuring systems in the press die.
- measured values can be linked to one another in order to improve the accuracy and the information about a state.
- the exact rotor position in connection with rotary presses helps to improve the distance measurement with the acceleration sensors.
- a potentiometer transmitter is used in a preferred embodiment of the displacement sensor.
- the potentiometer transmitter is an electrical resistance component whose resistance values can be changed mechanically (by turning or moving).
- the potentiometer transmitter is placed in a press ram in such a way that it changes its resistance with each rotation of the entire press ram.
- Strain gauges which are used in an alternative embodiment of the displacement sensor according to the invention, follow a similar principle.
- a strain gauge changes its electrical resistance by changing its length and cross-section.
- Bridge circuits are preferably used to measure resistances. They can be used for the absolute determination of a resistance or for the determination of a relative change in resistance. When measuring with strain gauges, as already mentioned, the relative change in resistance is measured.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with the configuration of the bridge circuit in connection with the measurement of changes in resistance of strain gauges as a quarter bridge, half bridge and full bridge.
- a strain gauge can preferably be used for detecting the expansion in the longitudinal direction of a press ram.
- Another preferred displacement sensor comprises a capacitive sensor.
- the capacitive sensor consists of two metal parts isolated from one another. Together with the measurement object, it forms a capacitor with variable capacitance. The measuring effect is based on a geometric change in the distance between the two capacitor surfaces or a lateral displacement of these, which leads to a change in the effective capacitor surface.
- a displacement sensor can, for example, preferably be an inductive sensor.
- Inductive sensors basically work with an inductance (open coil), a magnetic field is generated which is changed by an object. With this measuring principle, angles, paths or distances and speeds can advantageously be measured without contact and wear-free. According to the invention, several coils are preferably used.
- the measuring device comprises a force sensor.
- the invention is not limited to the sensors listed below for absorbing forces. Any force measurement that can be sensibly integrated into a press ram is conceivable in order to enable it to be used for press force measurement.
- Force sensors are preferably designed as pressure sensors.
- the senor comprises a pressure sensor. It has been shown that a pressure sensor within the measuring device leads to good knowledge about the wear of press rams. In addition, using Pressure sensors maximum forces can be determined which, for example, must not be exceeded in order to avoid overloading.
- the invention can preferably aim at the determination of pressing forces and pressing force profiles.
- the focus of the determination can be forces within a press ram, which already occur before the press ram hits the pressure rollers.
- the upper punch can be pressed by the lower punch against the upper pressure roller or winding cam of a rotary press if the settings are incorrect.
- the continuous information about possible wear of the press ram or cam tracks can guarantee significantly improved quality assurance.
- an early exchange can be indicated.
- the operating parameters can be adjusted in order to minimize the progressive wear.
- piezoresistive pressure sensor is a piezoresistive pressure sensor.
- Metallic strain gauges or pressure-sensitive semiconductor chips are used in piezoresistive pressure sensors.
- the person skilled in the art is familiar with the following piezoresistive sensor technologies: ceramic thick-film sensors, metal thin-film sensors, silicon pressure sensors and piezoresistive silicon sensors.
- Another preferred pressure sensor is a piezoelectric pressure sensor.
- a piezoelectric sensor an electrical voltage is generated in a crystal by means of pressure through charge separation (piezoelectric effect). Pressure shifts ions inside the crystal, creating an electrical charge on the surface that is proportional to the force. The charge is converted into a proportional electrical voltage by a charge amplifier. Any pressure can be set as the zero point of the charge amplifier by deriving (short-circuiting) the charge, which means that pressure changes can be measured directly.
- the pressure sensor comprises a Hall element. This pressure sensor works according to the Hall effect, whereby the magnetic field around the Hall element is changed when pressure is applied.
- the pressure sensor is a capacitive pressure sensor.
- Capacitive pressure sensors contain two diffused into a silicon chip Capacitors. When pressure is applied, the distances between a membrane and two opposing capacitor plates are changed in opposite directions, so that the capacities change accordingly.
- the capacitors are preferably part of an internal amplifier, the output signal of which is dependent on the difference in capacitances.
- the senor comprises an inductive pressure sensor.
- Inductive pressure sensors work with an iron core that is connected to a membrane. Changes in pressure create a force on the membrane and move it. As a result, the position of an iron core changes in opposite directions in two coils: the inductance increases in one, and decreases in the other. The difference can advantageously be determined very precisely electrically.
- the sensor of the measuring device is designed as an acceleration sensor.
- some of the sensors already mentioned can also assume the purpose of an acceleration sensor.
- the invention is not limited to the acceleration sensors named below and can definitely have further or different types of sensors for recording an acceleration.
- a travel of a press ram can preferably be recorded.
- an acceleration sensor is advantageous because it does not have to have a base as a zero point or reference. Instead, the path is determined indirectly via the integration of the measured acceleration. Nevertheless, sufficiently precise statements about the position path of the punch can be determined, which can be used both for quality assurance of the pressed products and for process optimization.
- an acceleration sensor can be used in conjunction with the force measurement to provide information about wear.
- a measuring device comprising an acceleration sensor is used to measure an impact of a press ram.
- the ram can preferably be used to determine the force-displacement diagram.
- a path can be calculated from linear and rotary accelerations.
- a piezoelectric acceleration sensor is preferably used.
- a piezoceramic sensor plate converts dynamic pressure fluctuations into electrical signals that can be processed accordingly.
- the pressure fluctuation is generated by a (seismic) mass attached to the piezoceramic and acts on the piezoceramic when the entire system is accelerated.
- the acceleration sensor can also preferably be formed by a micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS).
- MEMS micro-electro-mechanical system
- This sensor is a spring-mass system in which the “spring” is preferably a silicon bar that is only a few micrometers (gm) wide.
- the mass is preferably also made of silicon. Due to the deflection during acceleration of the press ram in the tableting machine (e.g. when the rotor starts up or due to the change in direction of the up and down movement of the ram), a change in the electrical capacitance can be measured very sensitively between the spring-mounted part and a fixed reference electrode will.
- the electronics for evaluating this small change in capacitance are preferably accommodated on the same integrated circuit.
- a piezoresistive resistor is attached to a bending beam by ion implantation, which changes its resistance according to the bending and thus allows conclusions to be drawn about the acceleration.
- Ion implantation is known to the person skilled in the art and is preferably used in semiconductor technology in order to change the electrical properties of the base material (here: bending beams).
- the acceleration sensor comprises a strain gauge.
- a force on a test mass is determined by determining the deformation of the fastening (e.g. a rod) using strain gauges.
- the ram can preferably be defined as a test mass.
- the test mass can, however, likewise preferably be a mass which is different from the press ram and which comprises the measuring device.
- the acceleration is determined by means of magnetic induction.
- an electrical voltage is induced in a coil by a magnet.
- the test mass is preferably a mass which is different from the press ram and which comprises the measuring device.
- the acceleration sensor is a Ferraris sensor. This measures the relative acceleration without a test mass with the help of eddy currents.
- the measuring device comprises strain gauge full bridges, integrated MEMS sensors and temperature sensors.
- the communication unit in the measuring device is preferably used for wireless transmission of data recorded by the sensor.
- the communication unit is preferably a transmission unit.
- the communication unit is in particular a transmitting unit and / or a receiving unit.
- the transmission is preferably carried out by directional or non-directional electromagnetic waves, whereby the range of the frequency band used can vary from a few Hertz (low frequency) to several hundred terahertz (visible light) depending on the application and technology used.
- the following data transmission methods are preferably used: Bluetooth, WLAN, ZigBee, NFC, Wibree or WMAX in the radio frequency range as well IrDA and optical radio relay (FSO) in the infrared or optical frequency range.
- the transmission of data via such a transmission unit can take place wirelessly without loss of information during pressing processes in tableting machines, whereby a sufficient data transmission rate can be obtained.
- the transmitting unit and / or receiving unit it comprises an antenna.
- wired transmission can also be provided in addition or as an alternative to wireless data transmission.
- the measuring device comprises analog and digital outputs (USB, RS232, fieldbus) for the transmission of data via signal conductors.
- the signal conductor preferably transmits, on the one hand, the recorded measurement data to a programmable logic controller of the tableting machine and / or to a data processing unit, and on the other hand, control commands are preferably transmitted to the outputs of the measuring device via the signal conductor.
- the press ram is characterized in that the measuring device comprises a sensor, a communication unit, a storage unit, an energy store and a computing unit, wherein the measured values obtained as raw data can be processed by means of the computing unit.
- data high-resolution measurements
- the storage unit of the measuring device is used in particular to back up or store data.
- preferably recorded measurement data of the sensor are saved in the memory unit.
- the storage unit is preferably an electronic data carrier.
- a flash memory is particularly suitable for compact integration of an electronic data carrier into the trade fair submission, although other data carriers may also be preferred.
- the measuring device comprises a computing unit.
- the computing unit of the measuring device preferably comprises a processor unit.
- the processor unit preferably comprises, in particular, a graphics processor (GPU) and / or a central processor unit (CPU). Both processors are known to the person skilled in the art.
- GPU graphics processor
- CPU central processor unit
- Many arithmetic operations on the raw data can thereby preferably be carried out in a decentralized manner on the measuring device.
- the measurement signal can be scanned, in particular at a high frequency.
- Mean values and min / max values can be determined from the raw data by means of the computing unit and transmitted to a data processing unit and / or programmable logic controller of the tableting machine via a communication unit. This advantageously saves energy and bandwidth.
- the measuring device is set up to process recorded measured values as raw data by means of a computing unit and then to store them in the memory of the measuring device and / or to transfer them to a data processing unit and / or programmable logic controller of the tablet machine using the communication unit, preferably via Bluetooth.
- the preparation of the raw data can, for example, result in a conversion of the measurement data into a required format represent or the reduction to particularly relevant statements (such as mean values,
- the measuring device preferably comprises a cable output at which a preconditioned measuring signal is output as a universal analog or digital signal (e.g. 0-10 V, serial).
- a universal analog or digital signal e.g. 0-10 V, serial
- various trigger options are available for the storage unit and computing unit of the measuring device to control the measurement data acquisition, e.g. in particular after certain time intervals or when threshold values (force / acceleration / temperature) are exceeded.
- threshold values force / acceleration / temperature
- This ensures that a data logger only saves data when certain events, such as particularly high loads, are present. In this way, accumulated stress collectives can be absorbed in a stressed component.
- the stored measured values can be read out, for example, after completion of the measurement by means of a data processing unit (e.g. PC) and / or a programmable logic controller of the tablet machine via a simple USB connection.
- the measuring device preferably its computing unit, is set up for control and / or access to data by a data processing unit and / or a programmable logic controller of the tableting machine.
- control parameters for carrying out the measurement can be sent to the measuring device.
- the control parameters can, for example, relate to the type of measurement or a selection of active sensors (in the case of several sensors), a timing of the measurement or instructions for the preparation or preliminary evaluation of the raw data.
- the data processing unit can be, for example, a tablet computer, smartphone or PC, with a computer program product (application / “app”) for control and / or access to the data being preferably installed on the same.
- application / “app” a computer program product for control and / or access to the data being preferably installed on the same.
- a data exchange between the app and the measuring device is preferably ensured by means of the communication unit of the measuring device, the app preferably transmitting control commands to the measuring device, which can be processed by the computing unit included in the measuring device.
- the app is preferably set up to access data from the measuring device (or [processed] measured values are transmitted to the communication unit of a tablet computer or smartphone using the communication unit of the measuring device) and to visualize and / or save this data.
- the measuring device preferably has different transmission modes, preferably two or more, which differ in terms of bandwidth and power consumption.
- a first transmission mode is preferably defined by direct communication between the measuring device and an external device (smartphone, tablet PC or programmable logic controller of the tableting machine). According to the invention this transmission mode is called streaming. In particular, the transmission mode is characterized by a high data rate.
- the measured values of the measuring device are preferably transmitted to a distribution unit.
- the distribution unit is connected to a large number of external devices (smartphone, tablet PC or programmable logic controller of the tableting machine, whereby these can access the data of the distribution unit.
- This transmission mode is preferably referred to as broadcasting, with a high internal sampling rate (500 Hz) the Measured variables are recorded and a live mean value and a minimum / maximum value are formed therefrom, so that no high data rate is necessary.
- the distribution unit can preferably likewise be a data processing unit.
- a preferred measuring device enables time-synchronous transmission and storage of recorded measured values from two sensors with strain gauge measuring bridges.
- a speed and 3-axis acceleration are preferably measured by integrated MEMS sensors.
- An integrated processor unit preferably processes the sensor data already on the measuring device and thus advantageously significantly reduces the amount of data to be transmitted.
- the measuring device preferably enables simple and continuous monitoring of processes.
- the recorded measurement data and interpreted states are preferably transmitted to a distribution unit by means of Bluetooth, preferably Bluetooth Low Energy 4.2.
- a multiplicity of measuring devices can preferably be connected to the distributor unit in a time-synchronized manner.
- the transmission range is up to 30 meters, with up to 50 devices connected to the distribution unit.
- all measurement data are displayed in the application of a tablet computer or smartphone and optionally saved.
- a calibration value of the measuring device is preferably set with the application and the outputs of a gateway are configured.
- the measuring device is preferably supplied with energy via a Li-Ion battery and charged via a USB power supply unit.
- the measuring device also preferably has the external dimensions 50mm x 13mm x 9mm.
- the measuring device preferably has a flash memory with up to 8 Gb.
- the measuring device has strain gage sensors in addition to MEMS sensors, so that in addition to a force measurement, it is also possible to record accelerations and rotational speeds, as well as the orientation.
- Modern MEMS sensors include an integrated temperature sensor, which means that the temperature can also be recorded by the measuring device.
- the measuring device is energy self-sufficient.
- the measuring device can thus be used independently of the voltage supply of the tableting machine. It has been found that energy-self-sufficient measuring devices are particularly easy to use in tableting machines which, according to the Work concentricity principle, let use. In addition, if a sensor energy source fails, only one sensor is affected, so that all sensors are independent of one another.
- the measuring device preferably comprises a battery and / or an accumulator as an energy store, so that the measuring device is energy self-sufficient in the sense of the invention.
- a battery and / or an accumulator preferably supplies sufficient energy for the communication unit to transmit the data.
- the battery or the accumulator preferably supplies energy for the functionality of the measuring device.
- the computing unit, the communication unit and the sensor are supplied with sufficient energy at the same time.
- the measuring device preferably comprises an output for a charging connection for charging the accumulator.
- an integrated overcharge and discharge protection of the accumulator is included in the measuring device for the safe operation of the measuring device.
- the accumulator is designed as a Li-Ion or Li-Po accumulator.
- the measuring device can comprise an LED display.
- the measuring device is energy self-sufficient in relation to the voltage supply of the tablet machine by generating induction current / induction.
- the magnetic field can preferably be generated by a coil attached inside and / or outside the rotor. The movement of the conductor induces a current which is used to operate the measuring device
- the measuring device comprises a photovoltaic cell (solar cell), which also reacts well to artificial light in machine shops. Using the photoelectric effect, light energy is converted into electrical energy and the measuring device can be operated self-sufficient in accordance with the invention. The electricity generated is preferably used directly for measuring operations.
- a photovoltaic cell solar cell
- the electricity generated is stored in the above-mentioned accumulators.
- the measuring device of a press ram is connected to at least one second measuring device of a second press ram.
- the connection is designed by a signal conductor.
- the connection is made wirelessly via the communication unit. Power and / or data can preferably be transmitted via the connection of the measuring devices.
- all measuring devices can preferably be connected to a distribution unit.
- the press ram is characterized in that the measuring device is introduced within the press ram body.
- the press die body is preferably defined as the press die shaft, Press die tip and press die head, the press die body preferably being designed as a thick-walled hollow body or as a solid body.
- the measuring device is introduced with an accurate fit into a press die designed as a solid body.
- the press ram is processed with separating manufacturing processes in such a way that the measuring device can be inserted into the press ram in a subsequent assembly process.
- Connection means can also preferably be used here.
- the measuring device can therefore preferably be introduced into the press ram with a material fit, force fit and / or form fit.
- the measuring device is attached to the inner wall of the thick-walled hollow body of a press ram.
- Access to the measuring device can preferably be provided via a transverse bore to the longitudinal axis of the press ram, in order to be able to connect signal lines or to be able to lead out antennas.
- the measuring device is placed in a press die with a jacket diameter of 25.4 mm or in a press die with a jacket diameter of 19 mm.
- the computing unit of the measuring device is connected to one or more data processing units and / or a programmable logic controller of a tablet machine.
- a data processing unit is present as a component configured externally from the tableting machine, which component is configured as an independent device - independent of the tableting machine.
- a data processing unit is present as an internal data processing unit.
- An internal data processing unit can preferably be part of the tableting machine and be integrated, for example, in the frame of a tableting machine. It is preferably also designed as a programmable logic controller for the tableting machine and is preferably also referred to as a machine controller.
- the measuring device can communicate with one or more of the data processing units (e.g. external: PC, smartphone, tablet or internal: machine control).
- the data processing units e.g. external: PC, smartphone, tablet or internal: machine control.
- Direct communication between the measuring device and the machine control enables the operating parameters of the tableting machine to be adjusted quickly on the basis of the measurement results. For example, in order to avoid wear when predefined force limits are exceeded, the machine control system could adapt the operating parameters on the basis of the transmitted information.
- the measuring device it is particularly preferable for the measuring device to communicate with an (external) data processing unit, for example a PC, a tablet computer, Smartphone.
- a data processing unit can therefore particularly preferably also be designed as an external component (for example tablet computer, smartphone).
- the external component preferably communicates both with the measuring device and with the machine control.
- the (preprocessed) measurement results of the measurement unit can first be transmitted to a data processing unit in the form of a PC, tablet computer, etc. or a computer program installed on it.
- the external components can be used to evaluate the measurement results more extensively, for example for monitoring and / or logging the tableting process.
- the operating parameters can then, for example, be adjusted by sending appropriate control commands to the machine control system.
- the possibility of acquiring and recording the data of the measuring device on the data processing unit offers a number of advantages regardless of a possible adjustment of the operating parameters.
- the recording of measurement data can, in particular, ensure logging and thus quality assurance of the production process. If predefined tolerance limits for the pressing forces are exceeded, the corresponding pressed products can, for example, be marked for further checking.
- the recording of the measurement data also enables wear to be recognized at an early stage. On the basis of the information, a repair or replacement of the respective components can be displayed or the maintenance interval can be adjusted.
- the invention also relates to a tableting machine comprising a press ram of the type mentioned at the beginning.
- the invention relates to a tabletting machine comprising a programmable logic controller, which consists of at least one arithmetic unit, a communication unit and a memory unit, and the measuring device of the ram includes a communication unit, characterized in that the communication unit of the programmable logic controller is compatible with the communication unit of the measuring device of the ram is.
- the communication unit of the programmable logic controller can be designed as a transmitting and / or receiving unit.
- compatibility of the communication units means that they are able to communicate with one another.
- both communication units use the same data transmission methods already mentioned above, so that data can be sent or sent to one another.
- the tablet machine is designed as a rotary press or eccentric press.
- a rotary press preferably comprises a press ram of the type mentioned at the beginning, a rotor, a die plate, a Stamp guide for holding press stamps, a power supply and an upper and lower pressure roller.
- An eccentric press preferably comprises a press die of the type mentioned at the beginning, a die and a voltage supply.
- a data processing unit such as, for example, a smartphone or tablet computer, has a computing unit, a communication unit and a storage unit.
- the communication unit of the data processing unit also serves to receive data from the communication unit of the measuring device and / or the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine (and / or to send data to these devices).
- the communication unit can receive / send the data in a wired manner, but in particular the data is transmitted wirelessly.
- the communication unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine preferably sends data for controlling the measuring device to the communication unit of the measuring device.
- the communication unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine can send control parameters to the measuring device for carrying out a measurement.
- the control parameters can, for example, relate to a type of measurement or a selection of active sensors (in the case of several sensors).
- a timing of the measurement, a preferred transmission mode or instructions for the preparation or preliminary evaluation of the raw data can also be specified.
- the communication unit of the measuring device sends data, preferably preprocessed measurement data, to the communication unit of the (external) data processing unit and / or the programmable controller of the tableting machine.
- the data transmitted by the measuring device are preferably stored on the memory unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable controller of the tablet machine.
- the memory unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine is preferably used to back up or store data.
- preferably recorded measurement data of the sensor are saved in the memory unit. This applies to both the data obtained directly via the measuring device and the analysis results of the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller of the tablet machine itself.
- software programs and, among other things, instruction sequences, mathematical and statistical models are also saved on the memory unit, which as described for Control of the measuring device and / or for accessing (reading out) the data of the measuring device can be provided.
- the storage unit is preferably an electronic data carrier.
- the computing unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine preferably comprises a processor unit.
- the processor unit preferably comprises a graphics processor (GPU) and / or a central processor unit (CPU).
- At least one measuring device is attached to at least any element of the tableting machine.
- Any element preferably means press ram, rotor, die plate, ram guide for receiving press rams, power supply and an upper and lower pressure roller of a rotary press.
- the invention relates to a system comprising a data processing unit and a tableting machine of the type described above, the measuring device of the press ram comprising a communication unit and the tableting machine comprising a programmable logic controller, characterized in that the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine is set up for this purpose is
- Such a system is advantageously suitable for monitoring tableting processes, since the measurement data can be processed (visualized and / or analyzed) on a device external to the measuring device with increased storage and computing capacity, whereas the measuring device can be kept very compact and has only a few components must include. This means that the evaluation of the data can preferably take place online (immediately) without the measuring device having to be removed or read out manually.
- the measuring device advantageously records measured values directly on the press ram, so that particularly precise and detailed statements can be made about the pressing process.
- the measuring device can receive control commands from users (or automatically) via external devices (data processing units or programmable logic controller of the tablet machine) so that certain parameters (e.g. sampling rates) can be set from a remote position.
- the invention relates to a method for monitoring a tabletting machine using a press ram of the type mentioned at the beginning, the measuring device of the press ram comprising a sensor, a computing unit, a communication unit and a memory unit, and the tableting machine thereby comprising a programmable logic controller with a communication unit characterized in that the sensor of the measuring device records physical and / or chemical properties; the measured values recorded as raw data are processed by the computing unit of the measuring device; the processed measured values are sent via the communication unit of the measuring device to the programmable logic controller of the tableting machine and / or data processing unit and / or the processed measured values are saved on the storage unit of the measuring device.
- the advantage of a method according to the invention is the possibility of monitoring and analyzing the state of the tablet machine during the operating state and / or in the idle state.
- monitoring of the tableting machine is preferably technical monitoring.
- Such monitoring is set up on the one hand to avoid incidents and to enable timely measures or repairs. On the other hand, it is an effective way of further technical development and of preventing environmental damage.
- the method is characterized in that the sensor of the measuring device in particular records a force, temperature or acceleration of the press ram and / or its surroundings and / or the speed of the rotor.
- the recorded measured values are saved in the memory unit of the data processing unit and / or in the memory unit of the programmable logic controller and / or in the memory unit of the measuring device.
- the method is characterized in that the programmable logic controller of the tablet machine and / or the data processing unit, preferably a tablet computer and / or a smartphone, preferably using a computer program product (application / app) installed on these devices, sends control commands to the Can transmit measuring device.
- the programmable logic controller of the tablet machine and / or the data processing unit preferably a tablet computer and / or a smartphone, preferably using a computer program product (application / app) installed on these devices, sends control commands to the Can transmit measuring device.
- the saved measurement data are preferably analyzed by algorithms.
- the storage unit of the measuring device is detachably attached so that a user of the machine can manually connect the data to be evaluated to a programmable controller of the tablet machine and / or the data processing unit.
- the arithmetic unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable logic controller directly accesses the measurement data saved in the memory unit of the data processing unit and / or the programmable controller memory unit and carries out the algorithms for the analysis of the data which are also saved in the memory unit Measurement data.
- the method is characterized in that the recorded measured values of the measuring device are analyzed using machine learning algorithms.
- external parameters and / or measured values from a press ram flow into the analysis of the method for monitoring a tablet machine.
- These can be determined by measuring devices that are independent of the measuring device according to the invention.
- recorded measurement data of the pressure roller e.g. pressing forces
- the rotor e.g. revolutions
- the ambient temperature of the tableting machine can also be saved in a storage unit of the data processing unit of the tableting machine and then by subsequent algorithms to be analyzed.
- a large number of differently recorded data enables a comprehensive analysis with few errors.
- the method is characterized in that the recorded measured values of the measuring device are analyzed in combination with externally recorded and / or provided measured values using algorithms (preferably machine learning algorithms).
- machine learning algorithms are a sub-area of artificial intelligence.
- Machine learning uses mathematical and statistical models to “learn” from data.
- machine learning algorithms have the advantage that information that is too complex for a human observer can be automatically extracted from a large data set.
- supervised learning is used to analyze or process the stored measurement data.
- a so-called training process is first carried out.
- training data are provided in the form of input data together with the corresponding target data.
- the purpose of training in machine learning processes is generally to adapt parameters of a function in such a way that the function is then able to determine the target value with high accuracy from the corresponding input value.
- the customized function is then used after the training process to predict target data for previously invisible input data.
- the function is described by a mathematical and / or statistical model.
- the function here is implemented by a support vector machine, Bayesian networks and / or decision trees.
- The is particularly preferred Function described by an artificial neural network.
- the artificial neural networks can have different architectures.
- the input data are preferably defined by machine parameters, environmental parameters and / or measured data of the measuring device.
- Machine parameters are preferably the speed of the rotor, various material properties and / or key figures of the components, running time or operating time, age of the machine, number of punches or other components, etc.
- Ambient parameters are preferably ambient temperature, humidity, etc.
- the measured data are preferably used as input data by different measuring devices equipped with different sensors for measuring different physical and / or chemical properties.
- target data are preferably designed in terms of a probability of the occurrence of damage, the failure of a component or an incorrect implementation of a pressing process.
- the unsupervised learning method is used for the analysis or processing of the stored measurement data.
- the algorithm tries to identify patterns in the input data that deviate from structureless noise.
- the function in the training process is based only on the similarities of the input data and adjusts its parameters accordingly so that no output data is used for the training process.
- the unsupervised learning method is used to segment or cluster the input data or, preferably, to compress the input data.
- the unsupervised learning algorithm preferably comprises the principal component analysis (PCA) and / or the K-means algorithm and / or at least one neural network.
- PCA principal component analysis
- the reinforcement learning method is used to analyze or process the stored measurement data.
- the training process takes place continuously even after the parameters of a function have been adjusted. "Trial and error" is used to observe and evaluate the effects of various statements based on the adapted function for previously unknown input data.
- the algorithm receives feedback, presented abstractly in the form of a reward or punishment. Whereupon the algorithm further optimizes the function based on its parameters. Accordingly, the algorithm continuously adapts or changes the function of the machine learning process.
- Reinforcement learning can use the Q-learning method and / or the above-mentioned neural networks and / or other neural networks as well as other algorithms known to the person skilled in the art.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Medical Preparation Storing Or Oral Administration Devices (AREA)
- Presses And Accessory Devices Thereof (AREA)
- Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Control Of Presses (AREA)
- Investigating Strength Of Materials By Application Of Mechanical Stress (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102019126164 | 2019-09-27 | ||
PCT/EP2020/076488 WO2021058516A1 (de) | 2019-09-27 | 2020-09-23 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer tablettiermaschine bevorzugt im laufenden betrieb mittels einer an einem pressstempel angebrachten messeinrichtung |
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EP4034375A1 true EP4034375A1 (de) | 2022-08-03 |
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EP20780617.5A Pending EP4034375A1 (de) | 2019-09-27 | 2020-09-23 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zur überwachung einer tablettiermaschine bevorzugt im laufenden betrieb mittels einer an einem pressstempel angebrachten messeinrichtung |
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US (1) | US20220332077A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4034375A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP7406627B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20220073779A (de) |
CN (1) | CN114555349A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021058516A1 (de) |
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DE102022120530B8 (de) | 2022-08-15 | 2024-06-06 | Ifm Electronic Gmbh | Testverfahren zur Überprüfung von berührungslos arbeitenden Sensoren |
KR102512407B1 (ko) * | 2022-08-16 | 2023-03-22 | 공주대학교 산학협력단 | 정제 타정 장비의 지능형 타정 불량 검출 시스템 |
DE102022131493A1 (de) | 2022-11-29 | 2024-05-29 | Fette Compacting Gmbh | Verfahren zum Bewerten des Zustands von Pressstempeln einer Rundläuferpresse sowie Rundläuferpresse |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS6042492U (ja) * | 1983-08-26 | 1985-03-26 | 株式会社 畑鉄工所 | 粉末成型用杵 |
DD294457A5 (de) | 1990-05-15 | 1991-10-02 | Berlin-Chemie Ag,De | Messtechnische instrumentierung zur kraftmessung an pressen |
DE19502596C2 (de) | 1995-01-28 | 1997-08-28 | Fette Wilhelm Gmbh | Meßgerät und Rechner zur Überprüfung der auf einer Rundläuferpresse hergestellten Tabletten der laufenden Produktion |
KR100487712B1 (ko) * | 2000-02-29 | 2005-05-06 | 피시시 스페셜티 프로덕츠 인코포레이티드 | 스마트 머신 툴 시스템 |
DE10135283C2 (de) | 2001-07-19 | 2003-09-18 | Fette Wilhelm Gmbh | Verfahren zum Verpressen von Pulvermaterial |
AT501762B1 (de) * | 2002-04-08 | 2006-11-15 | Eder Engineering Gmbh | Datenerfassung- und datenspeichersystem sowie verfahren zur datenerfassung und -speicherung für präzisionswerkzeuge |
DE102005051567B4 (de) | 2005-10-20 | 2010-01-07 | Korsch Ag | Rundläufer-Tablettiermaschine sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Wegmessung eines Stempels einer Rundläufer-Tablettiermaschine |
DE202005017516U1 (de) * | 2005-11-04 | 2006-01-05 | Korsch Ag | Rundläufer-Tablettiermaschine |
DE102006002359B4 (de) | 2006-01-18 | 2009-01-02 | Fette Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Überwachung der Produktion von Tabletten in einer Rundläuferpresse |
KR20090004219A (ko) * | 2007-07-06 | 2009-01-12 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 펀치 프레스 장치 |
DE102015202781A1 (de) * | 2015-02-17 | 2016-08-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Sensorvorrichtung |
JP6095733B2 (ja) * | 2015-06-30 | 2017-03-15 | 株式会社Iro | 杵部材、臼部材およびロータリプレス装置 |
DE102015224778B4 (de) * | 2015-12-10 | 2021-03-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Druckbolzen einer Presse sowie Presse mit Druckbolzen |
JP6689407B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-12 | 2020-04-28 | 株式会社Iro | 杵部材、臼部材およびロータリプレス装置 |
CN108705805B (zh) * | 2018-06-04 | 2019-04-16 | 荣成华东锻压机床股份有限公司 | 机械压力机离合器温升自动测控装置 |
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2020
- 2020-09-23 CN CN202080067115.6A patent/CN114555349A/zh active Pending
- 2020-09-23 KR KR1020227013700A patent/KR20220073779A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2020-09-23 JP JP2022519236A patent/JP7406627B2/ja active Active
- 2020-09-23 EP EP20780617.5A patent/EP4034375A1/de active Pending
- 2020-09-23 WO PCT/EP2020/076488 patent/WO2021058516A1/de active Application Filing
- 2020-09-23 US US17/763,766 patent/US20220332077A1/en active Pending
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JP2022550348A (ja) | 2022-12-01 |
JP7406627B2 (ja) | 2023-12-27 |
US20220332077A1 (en) | 2022-10-20 |
CN114555349A (zh) | 2022-05-27 |
WO2021058516A1 (de) | 2021-04-01 |
KR20220073779A (ko) | 2022-06-03 |
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