EP4028231A1 - Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung von bändern aus faser-kunststoff-verbundwerkstoffen - Google Patents
Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung von bändern aus faser-kunststoff-verbundwerkstoffenInfo
- Publication number
- EP4028231A1 EP4028231A1 EP20780086.3A EP20780086A EP4028231A1 EP 4028231 A1 EP4028231 A1 EP 4028231A1 EP 20780086 A EP20780086 A EP 20780086A EP 4028231 A1 EP4028231 A1 EP 4028231A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- plastic
- profile
- machine according
- machine
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/521—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement before the die
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B15/00—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00
- B29B15/08—Pretreatment of the material to be shaped, not covered by groups B29B7/00 - B29B13/00 of reinforcements or fillers
- B29B15/10—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step
- B29B15/12—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length
- B29B15/122—Coating or impregnating independently of the moulding or shaping step of reinforcements of indefinite length with a matrix in liquid form, e.g. as melt, solution or latex
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
- B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
- B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
- B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C70/528—Heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2007/00—Flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29L2007/007—Narrow strips, e.g. ribbons, tapes, bands
Definitions
- the invention relates to a machine and a method for the improved production of ribbons from a fiber-plastic composite material with a housing through which fibers pass, in which a plurality of profile rods are fixedly or rotatably mounted, which are perpendicular or vertical to the direction of passage of the fibers and via which forces can be acted alternately on the top and bottom of the fibers and on their coating with a plastic for impregnating the fibers and for consolidating the plastic between the fibers.
- EP 3 192644 A1 describes a machine for producing fiber-reinforced plastic strips in which the fibers run through a container with liquid plastic for impregnation. Within this plastic bath, the fiber bundle loops alternately with its upper side and then with its lower side around some cylindrical rollers.
- EP 3 192644 A1 mentions that as the speed of the fibers passing through increases, their impregnation deteriorates. Attempts are made to counteract this by exerting increased pressure on the plastic layer in an adjustable nozzle. Disadvantageously, however, the tensile load on the fibers increases significantly, as a result of which some fibers can tear undetected, so that an inferior tape is produced.
- the invention has set itself the task of avoiding these disadvantages as far as possible and of developing a machine in which the impregnation of the fibers with plastic and the consolidation of the plastic layer is improved and, in particular, the maximum possible processing speed is increased.
- the invention teaches that the ratio of the average total contact length of all profile rods used in the impregnation in millimeters to the number of profile rods between 2: 1 and 1: 400, preferably between 1: 1 and 1: 200 and particularly preferably between 1 : 10 and 1: 100.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention consists in that the spacing of the profile bars from one another can be adjusted in both the vertical and horizontal directions.
- the position of one or more profile bars can be changed within the housing when the machine is not in operation.
- the profile bars can be swiveled on auxiliary bars, for example.
- the housing consists of two opposing side walls which are connected to one another by a central part, profile rods can be slidably fastened in slots in the side walls.
- the two side walls consist of several mutually adjustable supports.
- a machine according to the invention can thus be adapted to a broader spectrum of different types and designs of fiber-reinforced tapes.
- the side walls can contain grid patterns that show the different positions of the profile bars depending on the configuration. When changing over to a different fiber-plastic-composite material belt, the conversion process can be made easier.
- the wrap angle is determined by the distance between the profile rod and its two adjacent profile rods. Therefore, the optimal values for the distances and thus for the wrap angles must be in a simple Embodiment can already be taken into account in the construction of a machine according to the invention.
- the profile bars are each stored or fastened at a single, specific location within the housing of the machine. As a result, this version of the machine is specialized for certain dimensions, certain plastics, certain fibers and a certain range for the proportion of fibers to the plastic.
- the frictional force on the belt can advantageously be reduced by reducing the distance between the profile bars in the machining direction of the belt.
- a further embodiment of the invention consists in that, at least in the case of some of the profile bars, seen in cross section, the distance of their outer surface from their attachment point on the housing or from the axis of rotation changes over the circumference.
- the profile bars therefore have a changing diameter over one revolution.
- a cross-section in the form of an ellipse, a polygon with rounded or sharp corners or a circle with an attached rib is mentioned as an exemplary embodiment.
- this shape not only is a uniform pressure exerted on the plastic layer when it is wrapped, but at least one additional pressure pulse is added within this path.
- this does not increase the total mean tensile load on the fibers to the same extent, because the elasticity and inertia of the plastic layers in front of and behind the area of this force pulse slows down the transmission of the pulse within the fiber-plastic composite.
- This advantageous effect can be reinforced by the fact that before and / or after the additional, convex outwardly protruding bulges on the outer surface of the profile bars, small trough-like concave valleys are incorporated into the profile. They briefly reduce the pressure that acts on the plastic layer, so that the entire layer expands outwards and thus the outer edge of the cavities is further removed from the next fiber. If shortly afterwards the pressure rises again and impulsively increases beyond the mean value, the change in pressure from the "valley" to the "tip" of the cross-section of a profile bar is even greater. The pressure pulse hits a cavity, the edge of which and therefore also the center of the cavity have already been removed from the fiber by the brief suction.
- the bubble moves back a little at the beginning of the pressure pulse, but due to the inertia and high viscosity of the plastic only part of the path that was previously covered by suction. Then the pressure tip ensures that the movement is reversed again and moves the entire cavity further away from the fibers beyond its distance from the fibers that was already reached in the suction.
- the previously described pulsation of the force acting on the plastic is an effective part of the production process. But a force that is relatively very high in absolute terms is also helpful in driving the air and gas bubbles out of the viscous plastic.
- the invention therefore prefers that the diameter of at least one profile rod is smaller than that of the others, so that it exerts a relatively high force perpendicular to the direction of movement of the fibers.
- Another embodiment of the machine consists in that at least one of the profile bars has a smaller diameter than the others.
- the viscous plastic must be distributed evenly across the fibers.
- the invention proposes that the diameter of at least one profile rod is larger than the others, whereby the plastic-wetted fibers rest on the profile rod for a longer distance, so that small wings or ribs on the plastic layer into the adjacent depressions and valleys be pressed.
- the proportion of pores, voids and other cavities in the cross-section of the strip is typically 5 % to reduce. A further reduction to just 1% can be achieved under certain boundary conditions.
- Another alternative for processing the fiber-plastic composite are two adjacent profile rods whose distance from one another is smaller than the material thickness of the fibers passing through and their coating with plastic. This configuration is also known as a calender.
- the two profile rods arranged in such close proximity to one another press the plastic layer into the fibers with a particularly high force. In this way, above all, very good impregnation of the fibers is achieved even with a very high proportion of the cross-sectional area of the tape.
- the profile bars can be arranged within the housing of the machine in the surrounding atmosphere. Then the liquid plastic has already been applied to the fibers beforehand, e.g. in a nozzle that surrounds the entire fiber bundle. Alternatively, the fibers are partially or completely immersed in a bath made of liquid plastic. So that the plastic is sufficiently viscous during processing by the individual profile rods, the profile rods must be heated. Infrared or laser rays or flames or hot gas or steam or electrically heated resistors can be used for this purpose. The temperature of the heated profile bars can decrease in the processing direction of the strip in order to ensure gentle and controlled cooling of the plastic.
- thicknesses of the fiber-plastic composite of 0.05 mm to 5 mm can be achieved. Thicknesses from 0.1 mm to 2 mm are particularly interesting.
- the width of the tape is typically in the range of about 12 mm. According to the inventive principle, however, tapes can also be produced that are only 2 mm wide. The width can be expanded up to a range of 2000 mm so that fiber-reinforced plastic sheets can be produced.
- the proportion of fibers in the cross section is typically not less than 15%. For even better resistance to tensile loads, it can be increased to around 85%.
- a machine according to the invention should in principle be equipped with at least 5 profile bars. But with at least 20 profile bars, a significantly better impregnation and consolidation of the fiber-plastic composite material can be achieved.
- the machine has at least 5 or 10 or 15 or 20 or 25 or 30 or 40 or 50 or 60 or 70 or 80 or 90 profile bars.
- thermoplastic or thermosetting plastics such as polyolefins, polyamides, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherketones (PEKK), polyetherimide (PEI), polyoxymethylene (POM), or polyethylene terephthalate (PET) can be processed and processed.
- PPS polyphenylene sulfide
- PEEK polyetheretherketone
- PEKK polyetherketones
- PEI polyetherimide
- POM polyoxymethylene
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- LCP LCP, aramid, polyamide, polyester, UHMWPE or other plastic, carbon or glass fibers are embedded and worked into these plastics.
- the machine is advantageously designed in such a way that, during the impregnation process, one or more profile bars can be set in rotation continuously or discontinuously and in the direction of the fiber movement or in the opposite direction.
- the friction can be reduced (when rotating in the running direction) or increased (when rotating against the running direction), whereby the possible contact area per driven profile bar can be reduced or increased. If such a drive is present, this must be taken into account when calculating the average total contact length.
- the machine is preferably designed in such a way that one or more profile bars can be set in vibration in order to support the impregnation of the fibers.
- the machine is preferably designed in such a way that several strips can be produced on it at the same time next to one another or one above the other.
- the machine is advantageously designed in such a way that the strips produced next to one another or one on top of the other can be brought together in a further consolidation unit to form a strip which is layered both vertically and horizontally.
- the machine is advantageously designed in such a way that the fibers can be of one type or a combination of two or more different types of fibers.
- the machine is preferably designed in such a way that the plastic used can be a mixture of different plastics and / or this can be applied in layers.
- the machine is advantageously designed in such a way that the surface of the tape is coated after the impregnation, as a result of which the tape has better protection against environmental influences or can be further processed better.
- the machine is preferably designed in such a way that the profile bars can have the shape of knives, doctor blades or scrapers in order to improve the quality and properties of the strip.
- Grooves or millings are preferably embedded in the profile rods, which are designed in such a way as to shape the strip.
- the grooves comprise edges that are parallel or non-parallel to one another.
- edges of a groove are preferably rounded, angular or protruding.
- the grooves advantageously comprise side walls, the side walls being designed in such a way that they are perpendicular or inclined to the respective profile bar.
- the grooves preferably have a different width.
- the groove advantageously comprises a base.
- the bottom is arched like the profile bar, has a different curvature or comprises a flat surface.
- the object is also achieved by a method for setting strips made of fiber-plastic composite materials with a machine according to the invention in that additives are added to the plastic used.
- the machine is preferably designed in such a way that additives can be added to the plastic used, which changes the properties of the strips produced with regard to their appearance and chemical and physical properties.
- the additives can also be used as flaft mediators in the machine.
- further additives for protection or impregnation are applied to the fiber-plastic composite material during or after processing.
- the fiber-plastic composite material can be sprayed with other additives for protection or impregnation during or after processing,
- the additives are applied to the fiber-plastic composite material by spraying or smearing from a nozzle.
- Figure 1a Part of the cross section of a fiber-plastic composite after impregnation.
- Figure 1b Cross section of the fiber-plastic composite like. 1a, after additional consolidation.
- Figure 2 Section through the part of a machine for impregnation
- FIG. 3 Section of the machine for the impregnation and consolidation of strips made of fiber-plastic composite material from FIG. 2.
- Figure 1a shows schematically a cross section through a fiber-plastic composite material.
- the part of the cross section shown is so small that only six fibers F are visible.
- These fibers F are all completely "impregnated", ie their entire outer surface is already wetted with at least one thin layer of the liquefied plastic K.
- the interstices between the fibers F are also largely filled with plastic K and only interrupted at a few points by air-filled flea spaces Fl. Because the air is under increased pressure due to the processing of the heated material, it expands when it cools, whereby it damages the not yet fully solidified structure of the plastic and thus reduces its adhesive strength and tear resistance.
- FIG. 1b shows that the machine according to the invention has pressed the cavities H out of the plastic K by processing the strip of fiber-plastic composite material with the profile rods 3, 4, 5, 6 according to the invention. This process is called consolidation.
- the ideal state is achieved when all fibers F are surrounded by a homogeneous mass of plastic K.
- the housing of a machine consists of two side walls 1, one of which has been removed in the drawing so that the connecting middle part 2 of the housing is visible.
- a band of fibers F first passes through a nozzle 10, which applies plastic K to the band on all sides. Then the coated tape loops around several profile bars 3, 4, 5, 6.
- the heating devices that heat the plastic K and thereby liquefy it, as well as the heaters for the profile bars 3, 4, 5, 6, are not shown.
- the middle part 2 of the housing is arched upward in the shape of a trough at its ends, so that it catches dripping plastic K that is not required and diverts it with guides (not shown here).
- the tape first runs around a cylindrical profile rod 3, which is mounted in the attachment point 31 on the side walls 1 of the machine.
- the relatively large diameter of this profile rod 3 results in a relatively long running distance of the belt on the cylindrical outer surface.
- the plastic K is evenly distributed on and between the fibers F of the tape.
- the band runs over a ribbed profile rod 4.
- the rib of this rod can be seen as a "nose” which is placed on a cylindrical base body.
- the rib provides a force impulse which, in the fiber-plastic composite, acts on the still viscous plastic K on and between the fibers F and thereby pushes the flea spaces Fl still located therein further outwards.
- the following, elliptical profile bar 5 exerts two additional force pulses per revolution with its two more pointed areas.
- the angular profile bar 6 generates four pulses with its four, somewhat rounded corners.
- two cylindrical profile bars 3 are not directly connected to the side wall 1, but are mounted so that they can move vertically.
- auxiliary rods 8 which are guided up to the upper edge of the side wall 1 and are connected there in an articulated manner to pivotable dancer levers 9. Only the dancer levers 9 are pivotably connected to the side wall 1.
- the two movably suspended profile bars 3 rise and fall.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a machine according to the invention with 7 profile rods 3, 4, 5, 6, each of which presses further air-filled flea spaces F1 out of the plastic K.
- the ratio of the average contact length of all profile rods used in the impregnation in millimeters to the number of profile rods 3, 4, 5, 6 is between 2 and 1: 400, preferably between 1 and 1: 200 and particularly preferably between 1:10 and 1 : 100.
- the tape is led out of the trough-shaped middle part 2 of the housing upwards. It then passes through two cylindrical profile bars 3, which are arranged very close to one another. The distance between the outer surfaces of these two profile bars 3 is smaller than the thickness of the fiber-plastic composite band then achieved, so that the profile bars 3 work as calenders 7. In this way, the plastic K is compressed one last time and the tape is brought to the required thickness.
- FIG. 3 shows an enlarged section of the first profile rod 3 from FIG. 2 in the processing direction of the fibers F.
- the relatively large diameter of this profile rod 3 results in a relatively long running distance of the tape on the cylindrical outer surface 11.
- the sum of the running distances of the tape on all profile bars 3, 4, 5, 6 forms the total contact length of the strip with all profile rods 3, 4, 5, 6 used for impregnation.
- the ratio of the average total contact length of all profile rods used for impregnation in millimeters to the number of profile rods 3, 4, 5 , 6 between 2 and 1: 400, preferably between 1 and 1: 200 and particularly preferably between 1:10 and 1: 100.
- Profile bar angular, supported between side walls 1 and 2 61 Attachment point or axis of rotation of the profile bar 6
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE202019105047.0U DE202019105047U1 (de) | 2019-09-12 | 2019-09-12 | Maschine zur Herstellung von Bändern aus Faser-Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffen |
PCT/DE2020/100795 WO2021047739A1 (de) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-11 | Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung von bändern aus faser-kunststoff-verbundwerkstoffen |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP4028231A1 true EP4028231A1 (de) | 2022-07-20 |
Family
ID=68276710
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP20780086.3A Pending EP4028231A1 (de) | 2019-09-12 | 2020-09-11 | Maschine und verfahren zur herstellung von bändern aus faser-kunststoff-verbundwerkstoffen |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20220297397A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP4028231A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE202019105047U1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2021047739A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP4196329A4 (de) * | 2020-08-11 | 2024-09-04 | Fabheads Automation Pvt Ltd | System und verfahren zur herstellung von vorimprägnierten endlosfaserbändern und -filamenten |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6251206B1 (en) * | 1997-06-10 | 2001-06-26 | Chisso Corporation | Method for opening and resin-impregnation to produce continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic resin composite material |
US6743392B2 (en) * | 2000-01-12 | 2004-06-01 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Production device and method for opened fiber bundle and prepreg production method |
EP1641967B1 (de) * | 2003-07-08 | 2010-05-05 | Fukui Prefectural Government | Verfahren zum ausbreiten eines multifilamentbündels und dazugehörende vorrichtung |
KR20090092800A (ko) * | 2006-11-15 | 2009-09-01 | 스미토모 베이클리트 컴퍼니 리미티드 | 프리프레그 제조 방법 및 프리프레그 |
JP6198342B2 (ja) | 2014-09-11 | 2017-09-20 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 繊維強化熱可塑性樹脂テープの製造方法、および製造装置 |
JP6296026B2 (ja) * | 2015-09-02 | 2018-03-20 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 繊維強化複合材料の製造方法 |
CN108099051B (zh) * | 2017-12-18 | 2023-07-07 | 金发科技股份有限公司 | 一种熔融浸渍设备及熔融浸渍方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-09-12 DE DE202019105047.0U patent/DE202019105047U1/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-09-11 WO PCT/DE2020/100795 patent/WO2021047739A1/de active Search and Examination
- 2020-09-11 US US17/639,764 patent/US20220297397A1/en active Pending
- 2020-09-11 EP EP20780086.3A patent/EP4028231A1/de active Pending
- 2020-09-11 DE DE112020004360.6T patent/DE112020004360A5/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112020004360A5 (de) | 2022-06-23 |
WO2021047739A1 (de) | 2021-03-18 |
DE202019105047U1 (de) | 2019-10-02 |
US20220297397A1 (en) | 2022-09-22 |
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