EP4019496B1 - Salt and crystal form of compound having agonistic activity to s1p5 receptor - Google Patents

Salt and crystal form of compound having agonistic activity to s1p5 receptor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4019496B1
EP4019496B1 EP20854718.2A EP20854718A EP4019496B1 EP 4019496 B1 EP4019496 B1 EP 4019496B1 EP 20854718 A EP20854718 A EP 20854718A EP 4019496 B1 EP4019496 B1 EP 4019496B1
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crystal
powder
ray diffraction
compound
diffraction spectrum
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4019496A1 (en
EP4019496A4 (en
Inventor
Shuhei Otani
Takayuki FUJITO
Naoko IMURA
Hideomi KIJIMA
Stephan D. Parent
Melanie Janelle Bevill
Courtney S. Johnson
Travis Lee Houston
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Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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Ono Pharmaceutical Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D205/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D205/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings
    • C07D205/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing four-membered rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with other rings having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/397—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having four-membered rings, e.g. azetidine
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/14—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abnormal movements, e.g. chorea, dyskinesia
    • A61P25/16—Anti-Parkinson drugs
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C55/00—Saturated compounds having more than one carboxyl group bound to acyclic carbon atoms
    • C07C55/02—Dicarboxylic acids
    • C07C55/10—Succinic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C65/00—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups
    • C07C65/01—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups
    • C07C65/03—Compounds having carboxyl groups bound to carbon atoms of six—membered aromatic rings and containing any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, groups, groups, or groups containing hydroxy or O-metal groups monocyclic and having all hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D209/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • C07D209/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings, condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom condensed with one carbocyclic ring
    • C07D209/04—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles
    • C07D209/10—Indoles; Hydrogenated indoles with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to carbon atoms of the hetero ring
    • C07D209/18—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D209/20—Radicals substituted by carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals substituted additionally by nitrogen atoms, e.g. tryptophane
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C07B2200/00—Indexing scheme relating to specific properties of organic compounds
    • C07B2200/13—Crystalline forms, e.g. polymorphs

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a salt of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl] azetidine-3 -carboxylic acid (hereinafter, it may be abbreviated as Compound I) and crystal forms thereof.
  • sphingosine-1-phosphate (2S,3R,4E)-2-amino-3-hydroxyoctadeca-4-enyl-1-phosphoric acid; hereinafter, it may be abbreviated as S1P.] is a lipid synthesized by intracellular sphingolipid turnover or an action of secreted sphingosine kinase outside cells, and acts as an intercellular transmitter and an intracellular secondary transmitter.
  • S1P 5 (EDG-8) receptor is known to be highly expressed in oligodendrocyte and oligodendrocyte precursor cells, and it has been revealed that when the S1P 5 receptor is activated, induction of differentiation from oligodendrocyte precursor cells to oligodendrocyte is promoted (see Non Patent Literatures 1 and 2).
  • Oligodendrocytes are a type of glial cells that bind to axons of nerve cells to form myelin sheaths (myelin). Therefore, a compound having SIPs receptor agonist activity is considered to be useful for treatment of demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis and neurodegenerative diseases because it promotes regeneration of myelin that has disappeared (demyelination) in nerve cells.
  • Non Patent Literature 3 it is known that the S1P 5 receptor is highly expressed also in natural killer (NK) cells, and it has been found that NK cell migration is induced by activation of the S1P 5 receptor (see Non Patent Literature 3).
  • the S1P 1 receptor is a receptor expressed on cardiovascular system or lymphocytes. It is known that a compound having S1P 1 receptor agonist activity may exhibit a lymphocyte-decreasing action and a heart rate lowering action.
  • Patent Literature 3 describes Compound I as a compound having SIPs receptor agonist activity.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a compound with an improved balance of S1P 5 receptor agonist activity with respect to S1P 1 receptor, and a form suitable for drug substances of pharmaceuticals.
  • references to methods of treatment refer to the compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments of the present invention for use in a method for treatment of the human (or animal) body by therapy (or for diagnosis).
  • the present invention provides, for example, embodiments of
  • Compound I has high S1P 5 receptor-selective agonist activity on the S1P 1 receptor and is therefore useful in treatment of S1P 5 -mediated diseases, for example, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or cancer.
  • S1P 5 -mediated diseases for example, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, or cancer.
  • the crystal forms of Compound I, the salt of Compound I, and the crystal forms of salts thereof disclosed in the present invention are excellent in chemical stability, and thus are useful as drug substances of pharmaceuticals.
  • Compound I 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (Compound I) means a compound represented by the following structural formula: wherein a symbol represents that it binds to the back side on the paper surface (i.e., ⁇ -configuration), and a symbol represents that it binds to the front side on the paper surface (i.e., ⁇ -configuration).
  • the compound of the present invention is preferably:
  • the compound of the present invention is preferably one excellent in chemical stability.
  • the compound is more preferably a compound having a residual rate (%) of 95% or more, further preferably a compound having a residual rate (%) of 99% or more, and particularly preferably a compound having a residual rate (%) of 99% or more in Condition 1 or Condition 2 measured by a method described in a chemical stability test described later.
  • differences in crystal form are distinguished by powder X-ray diffraction spectrum, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), crystallographic data and/or positional parameters (partial atomic coordinates).
  • Crystal D of Compound I is characterized by physicochemical data of at least one of the following (a) and (b). Preferably, it is characterized by the physicochemical data of both of the following (a) and (b).
  • Crystal A of Compound I is characterized by physicochemical data of at least one of the following (aa) and (bb). Preferably, it is characterized by the physicochemical data of both of the following (aa) and (bb).
  • Crystal D of hemi(4-hydroxybenzoate) of Compound I is characterized by physicochemical data of the following (cc).
  • (cc) Has (i) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum as shown in Fig. 25 , (ii) a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum as shown in Fig. 25 , (iii) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum having a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) substantially the same as the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) shown in Table 15, (iv) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum having at least one, two, three, four, five, or more than five peaks at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) selected from substantially the same diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) as the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) shown in Table 15, or (v) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum having at least one, two, three, four, five, or more than five peaks at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) selected from about 8.1, about 10.8, about 13.5, about 16.1, about 19.8, about 22.5, about 23.5
  • Crystal E of mono(4-hydroxybenzoate) of Compound I is characterized by physicochemical data of at least one of the following (dd) and (ee). Preferably, it is characterized by the physicochemical data of both of the following (dd) and (ee).
  • (dd) Has (i) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum as shown in Fig. 26 , (ii) a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) of the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum as shown in Fig. 26 , (iii) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum having a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) substantially the same as the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) shown in Table 16, (iv) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum having at least one, two, three, four, five, or more than five peaks at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) selected from substantially the same diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) as the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) shown in Table 16, or (v) a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum having at least one, two, three, four, five, or more than five peaks at a diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) selected from about 8.9, about 12.5, about 15.3, about 16.5, about 17.5, about 20.4, and about 22.1
  • Hydrate of cocrystal of Compound I and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid is characterized by physicochemical data of at least one of the following (ff), (gg), (hh), (kk), (mm), and (nn).
  • it is characterized by at least two physicochemical data of the following (ff), (gg), (hh), (kk), (mm), and (nn).
  • each crystal form of Compound I is specified by physicochemical data described in the present specification, but each spectral data can slightly vary due to its nature, so it should not be understood exactly.
  • diffraction angle (2 ⁇ ) and overall pattern are important in determination of crystal identity, and relative intensity can slightly vary depending on the direction of crystal growth, particle size, and measurement conditions.
  • DSC data overall pattern is important in the determination of crystal identity, and it can slightly vary depending on the measurement conditions. Therefore, in the compound of the present invention, a compound having an overall similar pattern to the powder X-ray diffraction spectrum or DSC is included in the compound of the present invention.
  • the description of the diffraction angle (2 ⁇ (degrees)) in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern and the onset temperature (°C) and the peak temperature (°C) of the endothermic peak in the DSC analysis means that an error range usually allowed in the data measurement method is included, and means to be approximately the diffraction angle and the onset temperature and the peak temperature of the endothermic peak.
  • the "about" of diffraction angle (2 ⁇ (degrees)) in powder X-ray diffraction is ⁇ 0.2 degrees in one embodiment and ⁇ 0.1 degrees in yet another embodiment.
  • the "about” of onset temperature (°C) or peak temperature (°C) of the endothermic peak in DSC analysis is ⁇ 2°C in one embodiment, and ⁇ 1°C in yet another embodiment.
  • each crystal form of Compound I is substantially pure.
  • the reference to "is substantially pure" means that a particular crystal form accounts for at least 50% of Compound I present. Further, in another embodiment, each crystal form accounts for at least 75%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, or about 94% to 98% of Compound I present.
  • the crystal of Compound I is a crystal of a free form of Compound I.
  • the crystal of a free form is a crystal composed of a single component.
  • examples of the crystal of hydrate of Compound I and/or the crystal of hydrate of mono(4-hydroxybenzoate) of Compound I include 0.5 hydrate to 5 hydrate.
  • the hydrate is 0.5 hydrate, 1 hydrate, 1.5 hydrate, 2 hydrate, or 2.5 hydrate.
  • the hydrate is 0.5 hydrate to 1.0 hydrate, and in certain embodiments, the hydrate is 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8, 0.9, or 1 hydrate.
  • the hydrate is not particularly limited as long as it is a crystal that stably retains a considerable amount of water under environment (temperature, relative humidity, and the like) where a pharmaceutical is usually stored and used.
  • the monohydrate is a crystal that stably retains 1 equivalent of water under environment (temperature, relative humidity, and the like) where a pharmaceutical is usually stored and used.
  • a hyphen (-) between Compound I and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid may be represented by a full-width dash (em Dash) or a double hyphen (--).
  • the compound of the present invention can be produced, for example, according to the following method, a method equivalent thereto, or a method described in Examples.
  • seed crystal may or may not be used.
  • a salt may be a cocrystal.
  • the compound of the present invention has sufficiently low toxicity and can be safely used as a pharmaceutical.
  • the compound of the present invention is suitable for prevention and/or treatment of SIP 5 -mediated diseases.
  • the compound of the present invention may be used to prevent and/or treat S1P 5 -mediated diseases.
  • diseases include neurodegenerative disease, autoimmune disease, infection, cancer, and the like.
  • neurodegenerative disease examples include anxiety-related diseases (for example, social anxiety disorder, anxiety neurosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), and the like), polyglutamine disease, retinitis pigmentosa, neurosis, convulsion, panic disorder, sleep disorder, depression, reactive depression, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, parkinsonian syndrome, Down's syndrome, schizophrenia, autonomic ataxia, Huntington's disease, Alzheimer-type dementia, affective disorder (including depressive or bipolar disorder), cognitive impairment, migraine, tension-type headache, cluster headache, dissociative disorder, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, neuromyelitis optica, optic neuritis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, allergic encephalomyelitis, Marchiafava-Bignami disease, Binswanger's disease, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, postinfectious encephalitis, central pontine myelinolysis, ad
  • autoimmune disease examples include inflammatory bowel disease, arthritis, lupus, rheumatism, psoriatic arthritis, osteoarthritis, Still's disease, juvenile arthritis, type 1 diabetes mellitus, myasthenia gravis, Hashimoto's thyroiditis, iodine thyroiditis, Basedow's disease, Sjogren's syndrome, Addison disease, opsoclonus-myoclonus syndrome, ankylosing spondylitis, antiphospholipid syndrome, aplastic anemia, autoimmune hepatitis, celiac disease, Goodpasture's syndrome, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, scleroderma, primary biliary cirrhosis, Reiter's disease, Takayasu's arteritis, temporal arteritis, warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia, Wegener's granulomatosis, psoriasis, alopecia universalis, Behcet's disease, chronic
  • infectious diseases examples include symptoms which are developed by infection of a normal cell in vivo with one or more kinds of pathogenic microorganisms typified by viruses, bacteria, fungi and the like and proliferation of the pathogenic microorganisms, and the like.
  • pathogenic microorganisms also includes Rickettsia, Chlamydia, protozoa, parasites, and the like.
  • viruses which cause infections include human hepatitis viruses (for example, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, hepatitis A virus and hepatitis E virus, and the like), human retroviruses, human immunodeficiency viruses (for example, HIV1 and HIV2, and the like), human T-cell leukemia viruses or human T-lymphotropic viruses (for example, HTLV1 and HTLV2, and the like), herpes simplex virus type 1 or type 2, Epstein-Barr (EB) virus, cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster virus, human herpesviruses (for example, human herpesvirus 6 and the like), poliovirus, measles virus, rubella virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, mumps virus, influenza virus, common cold viruses (for example, adenovirus, enterovirus, rhinovirus, and the like), virus which causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Ebola virus, West Nile virus, flavivirus, echovirus,
  • bacteria which cause infection include Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, Legionella, Bacillus anthracis, Helicobacter pylori, Listeria monocytogenes, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, nontuberculous mycobacteria, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Brucella, Bartonella henselae, Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, Actinomyces, Borrelia burgdorferi, Clostridium perfringens, Shigella dysenteriae, Yersinia pestis, Clostridium tetani, Enterobacter, and the like.
  • fungi which cause infection examples include Candida, Aspergillus, Cryptococcus, Blastomyces, Coccidioides, Histoplasma, Paracoccidioides, Sporothrix, and the like.
  • Examples of the protozoa which cause infection include Plasmodium, Toxoplasma gondii, and the like.
  • Examples of the parasites which cause infection include Entamoeba histolytica, Ascaris lumbricoides, Babesia, Cryptosporidium, Giardia lamblia, Ancylostoma, Enterobius vermicularis, Schistosoma, Cestoda, Trichinella spiralis, Trichuris trichiura, and the like.
  • microorganisms which cause infection examples include Mycoplasma, Spirochaeta, and the like.
  • the cancer includes all malignant tumors, and examples thereof include cancers associated with cerebral nerve (for example, pediatric brain tumors (e.g., neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, astrocytoma (juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma), ependymoma, craniopharyngioma, germ cell tumors, optic nerve glioma, choroid plexus papilloma, and pontine glioma), adult brain tumors (e.g., adult astrocytoma, adult malignant astrocytoma, adult glioblastoma, adult ependymoma, adult malignant ependymoma, adult malignant oligodendroglioma, adult medulloblastoma, adult meningioma, and adult malignant meningioma), glioma (e.g., astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma,
  • the compound of the present invention is preferably suitable for prevention and/or treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
  • the compound of the present invention is more preferably suitable for prevention and/or treatment of multiple system atrophy or Parkinson's disease.
  • the compound of the present invention may be administered as a combined drug, in combination with other drug, for:
  • the combined drug of the compound of the present invention and other drug may be administered in the form of a combined agent containing both components in one preparation or may be administered in the form of separate preparations.
  • simultaneous administration and staggered administration are included.
  • the compound of the present invention may be administered first and other drug may be administered later, or other drug may be administered first and the compound of the present invention may be administered later.
  • Each administration method may be the same or different.
  • the disease on which a preventive and/or therapeutic effect is exerted by the combined drug is not particularly limited, and any disease that complements and/or enhances the preventive and/or therapeutic effect of the compound of the present invention may be used.
  • the combined drug to be combined with the compound of the present invention includes not only those found so far but also those found in the future.
  • Examples of the other drug for complementing and/or enhancing the preventive and/or therapeutic effect of the compound of the present invention on neurodegenerative disease include acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, nicotinic receptor modulators, suppressors of production, secretion, accumulation, agglutination and/or deposition of ⁇ amyloid protein (for example, a ⁇ secretase inhibitor, a ⁇ secretase inhibitor, a drug having ⁇ amyloid protein agglutination inhibitory action, a ⁇ amyloid vaccine, a ⁇ amyloid degrading enzyme, and the like), activators of brain function (for example, an activator of brain metabolism, a cerebral circulation improving drug, and the like), dopamine receptor agonists (dopamine receptor stimulants), dopamine release accelerating drugs (dopamine secretion accelerating drugs or dopamine release accelerating drugs), dopamine uptake inhibitors, dopamine agonists, dopamine antagonists, lithium carbonate, serotonergic
  • the dose of the other drug can be appropriately selected on the basis of a clinically used dose.
  • the compounded ratio of Compound I and the other agent can be appropriately selected according to the age and body weight of the subject of administration, the method for administration, the duration of administration, the target disease, the symptom, the combination, and the like. For example, 0.01 to 100 parts by mass of other agent may be used with respect to 1 part by mass of Compound I. Any two or more of the other agents may be administered in combination at an appropriate ratio.
  • the compound of the present invention or the combined agent of the compound of the present invention and other agent for the above purpose is usually formulated as an appropriate pharmaceutical composition together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and then administered systemically or topically in an oral or parenteral form.
  • the compound of the present invention is administered to a mammal (preferably human, more preferably patient) in a pharmaceutically effective amount.
  • a dose of the compound of the present invention varies depending on an age, a weight, symptom, a therapeutic effect, an administration method, a treatment time, and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention or a concomitant drug of the compound of the present invention and another drug is administered orally, usually, in a range of 1 ng to 1000 mg per once per adult, once to several times a day, or is administered parenterally, in a range of 0.1 ng to 10 mg per once per adult, once to several times a day, or continuously administered intravenously, in a range of 1 to 24 hours a day.
  • a dose smaller than the above dose may be sufficient, or administration beyond the range may be necessary.
  • the compound of the present invention or a combined agent of the compound of the present invention and other agent is administered, it is used as an internal solid preparation or an internal liquid preparation for oral administration, a sustained release preparation or a controlled release preparation for oral administration, an injection, an external preparation, an inhalant or a suppository for parenteral administration, or the like.
  • the compound of the present invention is used as a drug substance of the above pharmaceuticals.
  • the present disclosure provides, for example, the following embodiments.
  • Solvents in parentheses shown in chromatographic separation part and TLC indicate used elution solvents or development solvents, and the proportion represents a volume ratio.
  • a solvent in parentheses shown in NMR part indicates a solvent used in measurement.
  • Powder X-ray diffraction spectrum was measured under any of the following conditions.
  • DSC Differential scanning calorimetry
  • Phosphorus oxychloride 2.2 g was added to an N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (100 mL) solution of the obtained crude purified product.
  • the reaction solution was heated to 60°C and stirred for 8 hours. Thereafter, the reaction solution was poured into ice water and stirred for 5 minutes, and then the organic layer was separated. The organic layer was washed with saturated saline and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and the solvent was distilled off.
  • a 2 N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (4.5 mL) was added to a methanol (3.0 mL) solution of the compound (1.20 g) produced in Example 5, and the reaction liquid was stirred at room temperature for 16 hours.
  • Example 6 of the present invention is the same compound as Example 15 (34) of Patent Literature 3, and the compound of Example 6 of the present invention obtained by the method described in Patent Literature 3 or the method described in Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention is amorphous.
  • Example 7 Crystal of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal D)
  • Example 6 The compound (250 mg) produced in Example 6 was dissolved by adding methanol at room temperature, and the volume was adjusted to a constant volume of 5 mL. 200 ⁇ L of this solution was dispensed into a test tube, and concentrated under reduced pressure at 35°C, then acetone (50 ⁇ L) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 weeks. A precipitate in the test tube was dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • FIG. 1 A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 , respectively.
  • Example 8 Crystal of hydrate of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal B)
  • Example 6 The compound (250 mg) produced in Example 6 was dissolved by adding methanol at room temperature, and the volume was adjusted to a constant volume of 5 mL. 200 ⁇ L of this solution was dispensed into a test tube, and concentrated under reduced pressure at 35°C, then a 97% acetone aqueous solution (20 ⁇ L) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. A precipitate in the test tube was dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 1 hour to obtain the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart, a DSC chart, and a thermogravimetric (TG) chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 3 , Fig. 4 , and Fig. 21 , respectively.
  • a weight loss of about 3.1% was shown from about room temperature to about 100°C.
  • Example 9 Crystal of monobenzoate of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal A)
  • Example 7 A mixture of the compound (1.5 g) produced in Example 7 and benzoic acid (0.48 g) was dissolved by adding methanol (7.5 mL) at room temperature, and then the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure at 35°C. Acetonitrile (3.0 mL) was added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. Suspended crystals were collected by filtration and dried at 40°C under reduced pressure overnight to obtain 1.86 g of the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 , respectively.
  • Example 10 Crystal of mono(4-hydroxybenzoate) of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal A)
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 , respectively.
  • Example 11 Crystal of mono(4-hydroxybenzoate) of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal B)
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 , respectively.
  • Example 12 Crystal of hydrate of mono(4-hydroxybenzoate) of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal C)
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart, a DSC chart, and a TG chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 11 , Fig. 12 , and Fig. 22 , respectively.
  • Example 13 Crystal of hemisulfate of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal B)
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 13 and Fig. 14 , respectively.
  • Example 14 Crystal of mono-tryptophan salt of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal A)
  • a mixed solvent of methanol (1.5 mL) and acetonitrile (8.5 mL) was added to a mixture of the compound (0.99 g) produced in Example 7 and tryptophan (0.53 g), and the mixture was stirred at 55°C for 3 days.
  • Methanol (0.75 mL), acetonitrile (4.25 mL) and distilled water (1 mL) were further added thereto, and the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 15 minutes. Suspended crystals were collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature overnight. Distilled water (7 mL) was added to the crystals, and the mixture was stirred at 25°C for 1 day. Suspended crystals were collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature for 4 days to obtain 1.40 g of the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 15 and Fig. 16 , respectively.
  • Example 15 Crystal of hemisuccinate of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal A)
  • Example 7 A mixture of the compound (1.0 g) produced in Example 7 and succinic acid (0.32 g) was dissolved in isopropanol (7 mL) at 70°C. The mixture was cooled to 25°C and stirred for 3 days. Precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and dried at room temperature in the atmosphere for 40 minutes to obtain 1.0 g of the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 17 and Fig. 18 , respectively.
  • Example 16 Crystal of hemiadipate of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal B)
  • a mixture of the compound (1.0 g) produced in Example 7 and adipic acid (0.20 g) was dissolved in ethanol (7 mL) at 45°C.
  • the mixture was cooled to 25°C, diethyl ether (60 mL) was added thereto, the mixture was stirred for 2 days, and suspended crystals were collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature overnight.
  • Adipic acid (0.084 g) and acetone (8 mL) were further added to the crystals, and the mixture was stirred for 6 days. Suspended crystals were collected by filtration and dried under reduced pressure at room temperature overnight to obtain 0.87 g of the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 19 and Fig. 20 , respectively.
  • Example 17 Crystal of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal A)
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 23 and Fig. 24 , respectively.
  • Example 18 Crystal of hemi(4-hydroxybenzoate) of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal D)
  • FIG. 25 A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions is shown in Fig. 25 .
  • Example 19 Crystal of mono(4-hydroxybenzoate) of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid (crystal E)
  • Example 12 The compound produced in Example 12 was dried under reduced pressure conditions at 90°C for 2 hours to obtain the title compound as a crystalline white solid having the following physical property values.
  • a powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart and a DSC chart of the crystal measured under the following conditions are shown in Fig. 26 and Fig. 27 , respectively.
  • Example 20 Crystal of 1-[[(3S)-3-methyl-6-(4,4,4-trifluorobutoxy)-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2-yl]methyl]azetidine-3-carboxylic acid-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (1 : 1) monohydrate (crystal I)
  • FIG. 28 A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart calculated from the positional parameters (partial atomic coordinates) measured under Condition 1 is shown in Fig. 28 .
  • FIG. 29 A powder X-ray diffraction spectrum chart calculated from the positional parameters (partial atomic coordinates) measured under Condition 2 is shown in Fig. 29 .
  • CHO cells in which human S1P 1 (EDG-1) or human S1P 5 (EDG-8) genes were overexpressed were cultured in Ham's F-12 medium containing 10% FBS (fetal bovine serum), penicillin/streptomycin, and geneticin (0.25 mg/mL). The medium was changed one day before the calcium assay was performed and on the day of the assay. Four hours after medium exchange, medium was removed and washed once with phosphate buffered saline. 0.05% Trypsin EDTA was added thereto to exfoliate the cells, and then a medium was added to recover the cells.
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • FBS fetal bovine serum
  • penicillin/streptomycin penicillin/streptomycin
  • geneticin (0.25 mg/mL). The medium was changed one day before the calcium assay was performed and on the day of the assay. Four hours after medium exchange, medium was removed and washed once with phosphate buffered saline. 0.0
  • the collected cell suspension was centrifuged to remove the supernatant, and suspended in phosphate buffered saline to count the number of cells.
  • the cells were suspended in a Hanks solution containing Calcium 6 Assay Reagent (manufactured by Molecular Devices), 20 mM HEPES and 2.5 mM Probenecid so as to be 1.1 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL, and incubated at 37°C for about 1 hour. Thereafter, the supernatant was removed by centrifugation, and the cells were suspended in a Hanks solution containing 20 mM HEPES, 2.5 mM Probenecid and 0.1% BSA so as to be 2.2 ⁇ 10 6 cells/mL.
  • the suspension was seeded in a 96 well plate at 80 ⁇ L/well.
  • a plate was set in a fluorescent drug screening system (FDSS6000), Compound I or a comparative compound, and S1P were sequentially added, and an increase in intracellular calcium concentration before and after addition was measured at an excitation wavelength of 480 nm and a fluorescence wavelength of 540 nm.
  • the increase in intracellular calcium concentration was evaluated by signal intensity at a fluorescence wavelength, and the agonist activity of each compound was calculated with the signal intensity when S1P was added instead of the compound as 100% activity.
  • Comparative examples did not have S1P 1 and S1P 5 receptor agonist activities. Comparative Compound A and Comparative Compound B had both S1P 1 and S1P 5 receptor agonist activities, with S1P 1 receptor agonist activity being stronger than SIPs receptor agonist activity
  • a solution of Compound I was tail-intravenously administered to male SD rats under fasted conditions. After administration, rats were retained by a manual method at regular time intervals, and blood was collected from the jugular vein with sodium heparin. The blood was centrifuged at 10,000 g, 3 min, 4°C to obtain plasma. Concentration of Compound I in the plasma was measured by LC/MS/MS. Clearance was calculated from the plasma concentration transition using pharmacokinetic analysis software Phoenix WinNonlin (Certara USA, Inc.).
  • CHO Chinese hamster ovary
  • a vehicle (DMSO) solution diluted with Binding Buffer 50 mmol/L, Tris pH 7.5, 5 mmol/L, MgCl 2 , 0.5% BSA, Complete EDTA free (1 tablet/50 mL)
  • a compound solution having 2 times the concentration and 50 ⁇ L of 0.16 nmol/L [ 33 P]-S1P (manufactured by American Radiolabeled Chemicals) diluted with Binding Buffer were added, then a membrane fraction solution (50 ⁇ L) was added thereto, and the mixture was reacted at room temperature for 60 minutes.
  • the mixture was subjected to suction filtration using a 96 well UNIFILTER, washed with washing buffer (50 mmol/L, Tris pH 7.5, 0.5% BSA) (150 mL), and then dried at 50 to 60°C for 30 to 60 minutes.
  • washing buffer 50 mmol/L, Tris pH 7.5, 0.5% BSA
  • MicroScint (trade name) 20 (50 ⁇ L/well) was added thereto, and the plate was covered with TopSeal-A, then radioactivity was measured by TopCount (manufactured by Perkin Elmer).
  • a compound concentration at which 50% of specific binding of [ 33 P]-S1P to human S1P 1 and human S1P 5 was replaced (IC 50 value) was used as an evaluation item.
  • Specific binding amount was determined by subtracting [ 33 P]-S1P non-specific binding amount (cpm) from an average value (cpm) of [ 33 P]-S1P total binding amount (cpm) and [ 33 P]-S1P binding amount (cpm) in vehicle or compound treatment.
  • the specific binding amount of [ 33 P]-S1P was assumed to be 100%, and a relative value (%) of the specific binding amount at each concentration of the compound was calculated.
  • a treatment concentration at which a relative value closest to 50% was exhibited was selected, and IC 50 value was calculated by substituting the relative value (%) and the treatment concentration for Y and X, respectively, in the following formula.
  • Y 100 / 1 + 10 X ⁇ logIC 50
  • Comparative Compound C 3-( ⁇ [6-(3-cyclohexylpropoxy)-1-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2-naphthalenyl]methyl ⁇ amino)propanoic acid hydrochloride described in Example 31 (45) of Patent Literature 1 was used. Comparative Compound C showed an inhibitory activity (IC 50 value) of 1.0 nmol/L or 8.5 nmol/L for binding of [ 33 P]-S1P to S1P 1 or S1P 5 , respectively.
  • IC 50 value inhibitory activity
  • mice Female C57BL/J mice (Charles River Laboratories Japan, Inc., age at start of experiment: 7 or 8 weeks of age) were used.
  • Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein [sequence 35-55 MEVGWYRSPFSRWHLYRNGK (AnaSpec, Inc., hereinafter MOG35-55)] was dissolved in physiological saline (Otsuka Pharmaceutical Factory, Inc.) to prepare a 2 mg/mL solution.
  • the 2 mg/mL solution of MOG35-55 and an equal amount of FCA H37Ra (Difco Laboratories) were mixed to prepare an emulsion, and the emulsion was used as an inducing agent.
  • Immunization was performed by subcutaneously administering 0.2 mL of the inducing agent into the mouse flank using a glass syringe equipped with a 26G injection needle.
  • the day of immunization was defined as day 0 of immunization, and 0.2 mL of a 1 ⁇ g/mL solution of Pertussis toxin (List Biological Laboratories) was intravenously administered into the tail vein on day 0 and day 2 of immunization (see Cell Mol Immunol, Vol. 2, pp. 439-448,2005 ).
  • mice On the day before the immunization, the body weight was measured, and the mice were evenly divided into groups so that no significant difference was observed in the average value of the body weight of each group. After dividing into groups, administration of a test substance (Compound I), a positive control compound (FTY720; fingolimod), or a vehicle (water for injection) was started on the same day, and each test substance was repetitively orally administered once a day for 30 days from the day before the immunization to day 28 of immunization. The amount of the solution to be administered was calculated based on the individual body weight on the day of administration.
  • a test substance Compound I
  • FTY720 fingolimod
  • vehicle water for injection
  • the degree of paralysis was assigned a score which was used as a neurological symptom score (0: normal, 1: flaccid tail, 2: paresis of hind limbs, 3: paralysis of hind limbs, 4: quadriplegia, 5: near-death).
  • the observation period was determined to be the day before immunization and every day from day 5 to day 29 of immunization, and observation was carried out before administration of the test substance or the like (see Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, Vol. 103, pp. 13451-13456, 2006 ).
  • Compound I shows effectiveness in this model.
  • Comparison object of each sample was stored at -20°C.
  • the mixture is filtered through a dust filter, and 5 ml aliquots are charged into ampules, and the ampules are heat-sterilized in an autoclave to obtain about 10,000 ampules each containing 20 mg of an active ingredient.
  • Compound I has selective S1P 5 receptor agonist activity and is therefore useful in treatment of S1P 5 -mediated diseases, for example, neurodegenerative diseases and the like.
  • the salts and/or crystal forms of the present invention are useful as drug substances of pharmaceuticals.

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