EP4005696A1 - Ausrüstung und verfahren zum schmieden einer zahnradverzahnung auf ein halbfertigprodukt - Google Patents

Ausrüstung und verfahren zum schmieden einer zahnradverzahnung auf ein halbfertigprodukt Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4005696A1
EP4005696A1 EP21210610.8A EP21210610A EP4005696A1 EP 4005696 A1 EP4005696 A1 EP 4005696A1 EP 21210610 A EP21210610 A EP 21210610A EP 4005696 A1 EP4005696 A1 EP 4005696A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
semi
finished product
punch
extrusion
forging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21210610.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP4005696B1 (de
EP4005696C0 (de
Inventor
David THIVET
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Forges de Courcelles
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Forges de Courcelles
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Publication of EP4005696A1 publication Critical patent/EP4005696A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4005696B1 publication Critical patent/EP4005696B1/de
Publication of EP4005696C0 publication Critical patent/EP4005696C0/de
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/02—Die forging; Trimming by making use of special dies ; Punching during forging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/02—Dies or mountings therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/12—Forming profiles on internal or external surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K1/00—Making machine elements
    • B21K1/28—Making machine elements wheels; discs
    • B21K1/30—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth
    • B21K1/305—Making machine elements wheels; discs with gear-teeth helical

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of forging equipment used for forging gear teeth arranged on the outside of a semi-finished product.
  • the object of the invention relates to equipment for a forging machine intended to forge a spur or preferably helical gear toothing on the outer face of revolution of a semi-finished product, by applying a mid-hot extrusion process. or hot.
  • a semi-finished product is a pre-forged semi-raw annular-type part, devoid of teeth, produced according to various variants of geometry advantageously having a flange, associated or not with a central hub and or additional forms of reinforcement or axisymmetric relief or not.
  • the document CN 106914507 describes a method of hot forging gears by extrusion using forging equipment.
  • a part to be forged is first heated by induction, then, by the application of a vertical press force, the part to be forged is extruded through a fixed tool.
  • Such a forging method does not make it possible to obtain a helical toothing.
  • the document KR 101137759 describes equipment for a forging machine intended to extrude external gears.
  • a part to be forged is brought into an extrusion tool using a punch which exerts a vertical force on the part.
  • a cylindrical mandrel is engaged in the bore of the part to hold it.
  • This type of equipment does not make it possible to produce teeth on a part with a complex central geometry whose thickness is different from the part intended to form the teeth.
  • the document US2015/128419 describes a machine for the manufacture of a transmission equipped with an internal toothing of the “spline coupling” type of a synchro gearbox.
  • the internal toothing makes it possible to produce a connection in rotation with a splined shaft whose axis is identical.
  • This transmission comprises an external toothing with facets of axial engagement, on the upper face.
  • a “spline coupling” toothing has coefficients of protrusion and recess of the teeth lower than those of a gear toothing. It follows that obtaining a “spline coupling” type toothing by forging implies a moderate radial deformation rate.
  • the machine described by this document does not make it possible to produce, by forging, gear teeth arranged on the outside of a semi-finished product.
  • the present invention aims to remedy the drawbacks of the prior techniques, by proposing equipment designed to produce, using a forging machine, on various geometries of parts, a gear toothing with sufficiently precise dimensional characteristics or allowing its subsequent finish by grinding according to the desired precision.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide extrusion equipment for forging helical gear teeth on a semi-finished product.
  • the tool holder is part of a mobile extrusion unit comprising a mechanism for transforming the vertical movement of descent of the system for applying a vertical compressive force between the high forging standby position and the low post forging position, in a rotational movement which is a function of the inclination of the helical gear teeth of the semi-finished product.
  • the extrusion tool is in the form of a ring, the extrusion teeth of which define a forming rate which varies continuously and non-linearly.
  • the extrusion tool comprises several integral rings defining a forming rate varying incrementally from one ring to another.
  • the tool holder comprises an extraction window arranged so that in the low post-forging position, the extraction window is turned to allow placement of the semi-finished product and extraction of the extruded semi-finished product. .
  • the support of the punch and the clamping part of the counter-punch comprise anti-deformation parts having complementary geometries respectively with the lower central part and the upper central part of the semi-finished product to cooperate with the entire central part presented by the semi-finished product.
  • the punch and the counter-punch comprise anti-deformation parts cooperating with the entire central part of the semi-finished product comprising a crown alone or associated with a flange and/or a hub and/ or additional forms.
  • control device includes an actuator servo system whose displacements are measured by sensors.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a hot or semi-hot forging machine comprising equipment in accordance with the invention.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semi-finished product using a hot or semi-hot forging machine.
  • the extruded semi-finished product is recovered through an extraction window arranged in the tool holder, before the tool holder is raised to its high forging standby position.
  • the method consists in ensuring the rotation of the tool holder relative to a support assembly on which the compression force of the application system is applied, this rotation being synchronized with the vertical movement of descent of the tool holder, depending on the inclination of the helical gear teeth of the semi-finished product.
  • the extrusion of the gear teeth is carried out with a progression of the forming rate varying incrementally or continuously.
  • the extruded semi-finished product is subjected to a surface hardening operation.
  • the Figures 1 to 3 illustrate an exemplary embodiment of equipment 1 in accordance with the invention, adapted to be implemented with a machine of hot or semi-hot forging 2 of all known types such as a mechanical or hydraulic press.
  • the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2 is not shown in detail in the drawings because it is well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2 comprises in particular a base 2a and a system 2b for applying a vertical compressive force suitable for forging a 3d external gear toothing on a semi -product 3 in the general sense.
  • This application system 2b of a vertical compressive force which conventionally comprises a slider, is movable according to a vertical downward movement parallel to the vertical axis Z, between a high forging waiting position ( Figure 2 , 3 ) and a low post-forging position ( Figure 4 ).
  • This application system 2b of a vertical compressive force is also movable according to a vertical upward movement parallel to the vertical axis Z, between a low post-forging position and a high forging standby position to allow the return to a position to forge a new semi-finished product 3.
  • the system 2b for applying a vertical compressive force has arrived in the low position, it goes back without cycle interruption to its high position.
  • a semi-finished product 3 is a semi-raw part forged beforehand, devoid of teeth and of the annular type, that is to say having a through bore 3a ( Fig. 5A , 7A , 10A and 11A ).
  • a semi-finished product 3 comprises at least one crown 3c having a peripheral part 3p of revolution delimited by an external face of revolution 3e on which is forged a gear toothing 3d with the equipment according to the invention.
  • this semi-finished product will be designated by extruded semi-finished product 3.
  • This semi-finished product 3 comprises, apart from the peripheral part 3p in which the gear teeth 3d are extruded, a central part which can present various variants of geometries or configurations.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product may comprise a single crown 3c as illustrated in Figure 7A .
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3 also comprises a web or flange 3t whose thickness is different from the peripheral part 3p intended to form the gear teeth ( Figure 5A ).
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3 may comprise a flange 3t associated or not with a central hub 3m ( Figure 10A ) and/or additional shapes 3r of reinforcement or lightening, axisymmetric or not ( Figure 11A ).
  • the semi-finished product 3 has an upper central part corresponding to the central part of the semi-finished product 3 opening from the top of the semi-finished product 3 and a lower central part corresponding to the central part opening from from below the semi-finished product 3.
  • the lower central part and respectively the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 thus comprises surfaces extending parallel and perpendicular to the axis of symmetry 3b.
  • the semi-finished product 3 comprises at least one ring 3c delimited on one side by an upper face 3s and on the opposite side, by a lower face 3i.
  • This crown 3c comprises an annular part adjoining a peripheral part 3p of revolution delimited by an external face of revolution 3e on which the gear teeth 3d are made and extending from a lower face 3i to an upper face 3s.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product comprises only a crown 3c so that the bore 3a extends from the lower face 3i to the upper face 3s.
  • the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3 thus comprises the lower face 3i of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p as well as possibly part or all of the internal bore 3a while the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises the upper face 3s of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p as well as possibly part or all of the internal bore 3a, in whereas this part of the inner bore 3a of the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 is complementary to the part of the inner bore 3a of the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the semi-finished product 3 also comprises a web 3t, that is to say a flange having a reduced thickness compared to the thickness of the ring 3c of the semi-finished product 3.
  • This flange 3t is arranged in the example illustrated , between the upper 3s and lower 3i faces so that the inner bore 3a is divided into three parts, namely an upper bore delimited between the upper face 3s of the semi-finished product 3 and the upper face of the flange, an intermediate bore delimited between the upper and lower faces of the flange 3t and a lower bore between the lower face of the flange 3t and the lower face 3i of the semi-finished product.
  • the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3 thus comprises the lower face 3i of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p, the lower bore as well as possibly part or all of the intermediate bore while the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises the upper face 3s of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p, the upper bore as well as possibly part or all of the bore intermediate, considering that this part of the intermediate bore of the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 is complementary to the part of the intermediate bore of the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3.
  • such a semi-finished product 3 comprising a ring provided with a flange can constitute a crown wheel of a motor vehicle.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises a crown 3c and a flange 3t associated with a central hub 3m delimiting the inner bore 3a.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3c has an upper impression 3es of annular shape delimited between the edges of the central hub 3m and of the crown 3c as well as a lower impression 3ei of annular shape delimited between the edges of the central hub 3m and of the crown 3c.
  • the part lower center of the semi-finished product 3 comprises the lower face 3i of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p, the lower cavity 3ei as well as possibly part or all of the internal bore 3a while the part upper center of the semi-finished product 3 comprises the upper face 3s of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p, the upper cavity 3es as well as possibly part or all of the internal bore 3a, considering that this part of the inner bore 3a of the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 is complementary to the part of the inner bore 3a of the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises a crown 3c, a flange 3t associated with a central hub 3m delimiting the inner bore 3a as well as additional forms 3r of axisymmetric reinforcement.
  • these additional shapes could be non-axisymmetric or include axisymmetric or non-axisymmetric shapes of relief.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises additional forms 3r of reinforcement made in the form of connecting arms arranged between the edges of the central hub 3m and of the crown 3c.
  • the central part of the semi-finished product 3 can include additional shapes 3r with various other geometries.
  • the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises the lower face 3i of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p, the lower cavity 3ei, the additional shapes 3r as well as possibly a part or the entire internal bore 3a while the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 comprises the upper face 3s of the crown 3c with the exception of the peripheral part 3p, the upper cavity 3es, the additional shapes 3r as well that possibly part or all of the inner bore 3a, considering that this part of the inner bore 3a of the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 is complementary to the part of the inner bore 3a of the part lower center of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the equipment 1 comprises a fixed lower punch 4, immobilized in an appropriate manner on the base 2a of the equipment, mounted secured to the table of the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2.
  • the punch 4 is arranged to delimit a support 4a for positioning the semi-finished product 3 to be forged.
  • the equipment 1 also comprises a counter punch 5 said to be upper with respect to the lower punch 4.
  • the counter punch 5 is vertically mounted along the vertical axis Z to occupy either a lower position for which the punch 4 and the counter punch 5 immobilize by enclosing the semi-finished product 3, or an upper position for which the counter punch 5 is released relative to the semi-finished product 3 to allow the establishment of the semi-finished product 3 and the extraction relative to the punch 4, of the extruded semi-finished product 3.
  • the counter punch 5 is mounted integral with the rod 6a of a hydraulic jack 6 whose body 6b is fixed to a frame 7 supported for example by the table 2a of the cutting machine. hot or semi-hot forging 2.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 6 is driven by a control circuit, not shown, allowing the counter-punch 5 to be moved vertically to occupy either the lower immobilization position of the semi-finished product 3 or the upper position of clearance for the placement of the semi-finished product 3 or the removal of the extruded semi-finished product 3.
  • the punch 4 and the counter-punch 5 immobilize the semi-finished product 3 so that the peripheral part 3p of the crown to receive the gear teeth 3d extends projecting with respect to the punch 4 and against punch 5.
  • the peripheral part 3p of the ring to receive the gear teeth 3d projects radially in the direction perpendicular to the vertical axis Z, with respect to the punch 4 and against the punch 5 to allow the extrusion operation as will be explained later in the description.
  • the support 4a of the punch 4 is arranged to present a complementary imprint to the lower central part of the semi-finished product 3 to support the semi-finished product 3.
  • the part lower center of the semi-finished product can take various geometries as illustrated for example, on the Figures 5A-5C , 7A-7C , 10A-10C and 11A-11C .
  • the punch against 5 is provided with a complementary imprint to the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3 to form a clamping part 5s of the semi-finished product. It follows that the semi-finished product 3 is immobilized by being clamped using the punch 4 and the counter-punch 5, acting on the lower central part and the upper central part with the exception thus of the peripheral part 3p of the semi-finished product 3 in which the 3d gear teeth are made.
  • the Figure 2A illustrates more precisely an embodiment of the support 4a of the punch 4 and of the clamping part 5s of the counter punch 5.
  • the punch 4 is made by a cylinder arranged at its upper end to present a support 4a for the semi-finished product 3.
  • the support 4a of the punch is provided set back from its transverse face, with a shoulder of the fourth axisymmetric type on which the lower face 3i of the semi-finished product 3 and more precisely the lower face 3i of the ring 3c to except for the peripheral part 3p.
  • the 4th shoulder delimits, up to the end of the punch, a cylindrical end section 4b having a transverse end face 4d against which the lower face of the flange 3t comes to rest when the semi-finished product is equipped with a such as 3t flange.
  • the counter punch 5 is made by a cylinder arranged at its lower end to present the clamping part 5s for the semi-finished product 3.
  • This clamping part 5s of the counter punch is provided set back from its lower end, with a shoulder of the fifth axisymmetric type on which the upper face 3s of the semi-finished product 3 rests.
  • -product is equipped with such a 3t flange.
  • the 4th shoulder of the punch and the 5th annular shoulder of the counter punch 5 clamp the semi-finished product 3 between its faces upper and lower, that is to say on the upper and lower faces of the crown 3c apart from the peripheral part 3p.
  • the 4th shoulder and the cylindrical end section 4b of the punch and the 5th shoulder and the cylindrical section 5b of the counter-punch come to immobilize the semi-finished product 3.
  • the transverse end face 4d of the punch and the transverse face 5d against punch 5 are contiguous.
  • the semi-finished product 3 has an internal bore 3a provided with a flange 3t ( Figures 5A-5C )
  • the semi-finished product 3 is additionally clamped by the transverse end face 4d of the cylindrical end section 4b of the punch 4 and by the transverse face 5d of the cylindrical section 5b of the counter punch 5 coming into contact respectively with the faces bottom and top of the 3t flange.
  • the punch 4 and the counter-punch 5 are arranged to clamp the semi-finished product by the faces of the lower central part and of the upper central part, which extend perpendicularly to the axis of symmetry 3b.
  • the punch 4 and the counter punch 5 comprise at least one anti-deformation part adapted to cooperate with the whole of the central part presented by the semi-finished product 3.
  • these anti-deformation parts have a complementary or congruent geometry to the central part of the semi-finished product 3 to avoid deformation during the extrusion of the gear teeth.
  • these anti-deformation parts are implemented whatever the geometry of the central part of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the punch 4 and the counter-punch 5 comprise anti-deformation parts cooperating with the entire central part of the semi-finished product comprising a crown alone or associated with a flange 3t and/or a hub 3m and/or additional shapes 3r.
  • This or these anti-deformation parts can be arranged either on the punch 4 and the counter-punch 5.
  • the punch 4 has one or more anti-deformation parts thus presenting a geometry complementary or congruent with the whole of the central part lower while that the counter-punch 5 has one or more anti-deformation parts having a complementary geometry congruent with the whole of the upper central part of the semi-finished product 3.
  • These anti-deformation parts essentially comprise surfaces extending parallel to the axis of symmetry 3b to avoid radial deformation of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the anti-deformation parts are adapted to cooperate with the whole of the internal bore 3a, that is to say with its three parts, namely the upper bore, the intermediate bore and the lower bore.
  • the punch 4 comprises, as an anti-deformation part, the cylindrical end section 4b which has a shape congruent with the lower bore of the semi-finished product 3 to come to engage inside the lower bore of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the counter-punch 5 comprises, as an anti-deformation part, the cylindrical section 5b which has a shape congruent with the upper bore of the semi-finished product 3 to come to engage inside the upper bore of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the counter punch 5 comprises a second anti-deformation part, namely a cylindrical end section 5c which has a shape congruent with the intermediate bore delimited by the flange 3t of the semi-finished product 3, to engage inside this intermediate bore of the semi-finished product 3.
  • a shoulder 5d of the axisymmetric type is arranged in the cylindrical section 5b to delimit this cylindrical end section 5c extending to a f end face 5f of the counter punch 5.
  • This intermediate shoulder 5d delimits the transverse face of the cylindrical section 5b which bears against the upper face of the flange 3t.
  • the end face 5f of the punch against 5 and the transverse end face 4d of the punch 4 are contiguous.
  • the equipment 1 also comprises a tool holder 9 supporting an extrusion tool 10 adapted to ensure the forging of the gear teeth 3d on the face of external revolution of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the tool holder 9 is arranged to receive the vertical compression force from the application system 2b of the hot forging machine or half-hot 2 so as to be moved at least vertically to extrude the semi-finished 3d gear tooth 3 during the downward vertical movement of this 2d application system between the high forging standby position ( Figure 2 , 3 , 6 ) for which the extrusion tool 10 is located above the support 4a and the low post-forging position for which the extrusion tool 10 is located entirely below the support 4a ( Figure 4 ).
  • the tool holder 9 is arranged so that it can be positioned around the punch 4 and the counter punch 5.
  • the tool holder 9 thus advantageously has the shape of a hollow shaft to be traversed by the counter punch 5 and the punch 4.
  • -tool 9 has a cylindrical bore 9a to allow the engagement of the counter-punch 5 and the punch 4 during its vertical movement between its high forging standby position and its low post-forging position.
  • the tool holder 9 includes an extraction window 9f arranged so that in the low post-forging position, the extraction window 9f is turned to allow extraction of the extruded semi-finished product 3 ( Figure 4 ).
  • this extraction window 9f is arranged so as to allow the positioning of the semi-finished product 3 on the support of the punch or the withdrawal of the semi-finished product 3 extruded from this support.
  • This extraction window 9f is adapted to allow automation of these operations, namely in particular the placement of the semi-finished product 3 on the support of the punch and the removal of the semi-finished product 3 extruded from this support.
  • the tool holder 9 is also suitable for positioning the extrusion tool 10 so that during its vertical displacement, the extrusion tool 10 can forge the gear teeth 3d on the face of external revolution of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the extrusion tool 10 is in the form of at least one ring 10a intended to surround and cooperate with the external face of revolution of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the extrusion tool 10 comprises several superimposed rings 10a whereas in the example illustrated in Picture 9 , the extrusion tool 10 comprises a single ring 10a.
  • Each ring 10a is provided, from its central bore, with extrusion teeth 10b arranged to produce the gear teeth 3d of the semi-finished product 3.
  • the extrusion teeth 10b of the extrusion tool 10 have a forming rate which increases progressively according to the direction of vertical displacement of the tool holder 9. It is recalled that the forming rate corresponds to the penetration rate of extrusion tooling 10 in the semi-finished product 3.
  • the forming rate varies incrementally between each ring 10a so as to control the flow of material and guarantee the final geometry. It should be understood that the forming rate of the ring which first forges the semi-finished product 3 is lower than the forming rate of the ring which then forges the semi-finished product 3.
  • the forming rate of the ring located at the lower end of the extrusion tool 10 is lower than the forming rate of the ring located above and so on.
  • the extrusion tool 10 is produced by a one-piece ring providing progressive shaping.
  • the forming rate of this ring varies continuously increasing from the part which begins the forging to the part ending the forging.
  • the forming rate of extrusion tooling 10 increases from the underside of extrusion tooling 10. For example, this forming rate varies continuously and nonlinearly. .
  • the tool holder 9 is subjected to the vertical displacement of the application system 2b of the compression force of the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2.
  • the compression force of the system application 2b of the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2 is applied to the tool holder 9 in any suitable way.
  • the tool holder 9 comprises a bearing assembly such as a plate 9b on which the system 2b for applying the compression force acts.
  • the tool holder 9 moves along the vertical axis by means of a plate 9b pushed downwards by the application system 2b of the vertical force.
  • the slider 2b of the press arrived in the low position rises without cycle interruption to its high position.
  • the tool holder 9 occupies the low position of post forging for which the extrusion tool 10 surrounds the punch 4.
  • an additional system 11 for example of the hydraulic type, brings the tool holder 9 from its low post-forging position to the high waiting position and the start of a new cycle .
  • the extrusion tool 10 surrounds the counter punch 5 by being located above the support 4a for the semi-finished product 3.
  • the tool holder 9 only has a vertical displacement allowing a spur gear toothing 3d to be forged on the face of external revolution of the semi-finished product 3, as illustrated in Figure 7B .
  • the tool holder 9 has a vertical movement along the vertical axis Z combined with a rotational movement around the vertical axis Z making it possible to forge a 3d helical gear toothing on the outer face of the semi-finished product 3, as illustrated with Fig. 5B , 10b , 11B .
  • the spur and helical gear teeth can be made on any semi-finished product 3 of which various geometries of the central part are given by way of example in the figures.
  • the tool holder 9 is part of a mobile extrusion assembly 12 comprising a mechanism 13 for converting the vertical downward movement of the application system 2b of a vertical compressive force, into a rotational movement around the vertical axis Z which is a function of the inclination of the 3d helical gear toothing of the semi-product 3.
  • the forging of the 3d helical gear toothing of the semi-product 3 is carried out during the vertical movement of descent of the 2d application system of a vertical compressive force between the high forging standby position and the low post forging position.
  • the movable extrusion assembly 12 comprises, as transformation mechanism 13, a toothed crown 13a mounted integral with the tool holder 9.
  • This toothed crown 13a is guided in rotation along the vertical axis Z with respect to the assembly support 9b arranged to receive the vertical compression force of the system 2b of the forging machine.
  • a thrust bearing with cylindrical rollers 13c is mounted between the support assembly 9b and the tool holder 9 to take up the axial load in addition to guiding in rotation with respect to the support assembly 9b, the tool holder 9 being driven in rotation by the ring gear 13a.
  • the toothed crown 13a cooperates in a diametrically opposite way with the racks 13d.
  • the two racks 13d are arranged symmetrically opposite with respect to the vertical axis of symmetry of the ring gear 13a, being oriented perpendicular to the vertical axis Z.
  • These racks 13d are moved in horizontal translation in opposite directions to the using 13th actuators of all types known per se.
  • the actuators 13e are hydraulic cylinders moving the racks 13d in synchronism according to translations in opposite directions.
  • the operation of the actuators 13e is ensured by a control device 13f which ensures that the horizontal translation movement of the racks 13d is synchronized with the vertical downward movement of the mobile extrusion assembly 12.
  • the control device 13f ensures that the rotation of the tool holder 9 is slaved by a helical law, to the vertical downward movement of the system for applying a vertical compression force 2b of the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2.
  • the control device 13f can be done in any appropriate way.
  • the control device 13f comprises an actuator servo system whose displacements are measured by sensors.
  • the mobile extrusion assembly 12 comprises, as movement transformation mechanism 13, a toothed crown 13a cooperating with racks hydraulically moved in opposite directions.
  • the motion transformation mechanism 13 can be made in any other suitable way, such as, for example, by a roller screw servomotor digitally slaved to the position along the vertical axis Z of the plate 9b.
  • the manufacture of the directions of inclination of the helical gear teeth to the right or to the left involves the inversion of the direction of rotation of the tool holder obtained by carrying out the movement in the opposite direction of the actuators 13e of the racks 13d.
  • the equipment 1 is implemented in combination with a hot or half-hot forging machine 2.
  • the base of the punch 4 is fixedly mounted on the base 2a of the hot or half-hot forging machine.
  • -hot 2 and the support assembly 9b of the tool holder 9 is mounted to undergo the application of the vertical compression force of the system 2b of the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2.
  • the method consists in placing the support assembly 9b in the high position waiting for forging and the counter-punch 5 is positioned to occupy an upper position separated from the punch 4 ( Figure 2 ).
  • a semi-finished product 3, previously pre-forged on a vertical press, is placed, in the hot forge or after reheating intended to homogenize its temperature, on the support 4a of the punch 4 to forge a gear toothing 3d on its external face of revolution 3rd.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 6 is controlled to lower the counter-punch 5 vertically in the lower position in order to immobilize the semi-finished product 3 between the punch 4 and the counter-punch 5.
  • the peripheral part 3p of the semi-finished product 3 is disengaged with respect to the punch 4 and against the punch 5 to allow the extrusion of the gear teeth 3d on the outer face of revolution of this peripheral part 3p, by the extrusion tool 10.
  • the extrusion tool 10 surrounds the counter punch 5 while being located above the semi-finished product 3.
  • the application system 2b of a compression force of the hot or semi-hot forging machine 2 is controlled to apply to the tool holder 9, a vertical compression force, movable according to a downward vertical movement.
  • the tool holder 9 is thus moved vertically so that the extrusion tool 10 passes through the semi-finished product 3 externally to produce the gear teeth exclusively by extrusion.
  • the tool holder 9 is maintained in a low post-forging position for which the extrusion tool 10 is located entirely below the support 4a and around the punch 4.
  • the tool holder 9 is maintained in the low post-forging position to enable recovery of the extruded semi-finished product 3.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 6 of the counter punch 5 is controlled to allow the release of the counter punch 5 with respect to the punch 4 ( Figure 4 ).
  • the extruded semi-finished product 3 is removed from the support of the punch 4 through the extraction window 9f then allowing the ascent, using the auxiliary system 11, of the tool holder 9 and the extrusion tool 10, to its high forging standby position to allow the extrusion of another semi-finished product.
  • the extruded semi-finished product is thus recovered through the extraction window 9f, before the tool holder 9 is raised to its high forging standby position.
  • the extruded semi-finished product 3 can be removed from the support of the punch 4 after the raising of the tool holder 9 and the extrusion tool 10, in its high forging standby position.
  • a conventional hot or semi-hot forging machine 2 such as a forging press provided with equipment 1 according to the invention provides the driving force necessary to form the gear teeth of a semi-finished product 3.
  • the shaping of the gear teeth is obtained by straight or helical extrusion at half-hot or hot as described above.
  • the fibering resulting from forging contributes to improving its mechanical strength at the foot of the gear teeth.
  • the choice of the material of the semi-finished product 3 can be freed from the constraints linked to prior methods implementing machining associated with complex heat treatments.
  • high-alloy steel for the semi-finished product 3 makes it possible to harden the teeth without it being necessary to carry out a preliminary treatment to modify the surface physico-chemical properties of the material by enriching the rate of carbon. Materials with a higher carbon content can be used, making it possible to obtain the hardness gradients specified in the specifications.
  • the extruded semi-finished product 3 can be subjected to a surface hardening operation.
  • Surface hardening by induction adapted to the strong hardenability of the material, is an easy process to industrialize, economical and respectful of the environment.
  • the object of the invention makes it possible to obtain a complex extruded semi-finished product 3 provided with gear teeth of precise geometry and capable of being finished by grinding according to the desired level of precision.
  • the semi-finished product 3 is immobilized and fixed.
  • the extrusion tool 10 passes through the semi-finished product 3 completely and without interruption, limiting the contact time to a minimum between the semi-finished product 3 and the extrusion tool. This results in a reduction in the thermal fatigue of the extrusion tooling, promoting its lifespan.
  • the punch 4 and the counter punch 5 avoid the expansion of material along the vertical axis but also by the anti-deformation part or parts, the radial expansion of the material, contributing to the material filling of the gear teeth.
  • the punch 4 and the counter punch 5 offer the advantage of being able to produce gear teeth on a semi-finished product 3 with a central part which may have a complex geometry.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP21210610.8A 2020-11-30 2021-11-25 Ausrüstung und verfahren zum schmieden einer zahnradverzahnung auf ein halbfertigprodukt Active EP4005696B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2012368A FR3116743B1 (fr) 2020-11-30 2020-11-30 Equipement et procédé de forgeage d’une denture d’engrenage sur un semi-produit.

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4005696A1 true EP4005696A1 (de) 2022-06-01
EP4005696B1 EP4005696B1 (de) 2023-09-27
EP4005696C0 EP4005696C0 (de) 2023-09-27

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Country Link
EP (1) EP4005696B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2965442T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3116743B1 (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0891824A1 (de) 1996-11-11 1999-01-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Druckeinheit mit anwendung von verschiedenen druckfarben
EP0899036B1 (de) * 1997-08-27 2004-03-24 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren von schrägverzahnten Zahnrädern
US20070157693A1 (en) * 2006-01-10 2007-07-12 Gkn Sinter Metals, Inc. Forging/coining method
KR101137759B1 (ko) 2009-12-10 2012-04-24 한국기계연구원 헬리컬기어 성형용 전방압출금형
US20150128419A1 (en) 2013-11-08 2015-05-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing gear and forging apparatus for manufacturing gear
CN106914507A (zh) 2017-04-21 2017-07-04 燕山大学 一种大型齿轮局部感应加热挤压成形方法

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0891824A1 (de) 1996-11-11 1999-01-20 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Druckeinheit mit anwendung von verschiedenen druckfarben
EP0899036B1 (de) * 1997-08-27 2004-03-24 Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Kalibrieren von schrägverzahnten Zahnrädern
US20070157693A1 (en) * 2006-01-10 2007-07-12 Gkn Sinter Metals, Inc. Forging/coining method
KR101137759B1 (ko) 2009-12-10 2012-04-24 한국기계연구원 헬리컬기어 성형용 전방압출금형
US20150128419A1 (en) 2013-11-08 2015-05-14 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Method of manufacturing gear and forging apparatus for manufacturing gear
CN106914507A (zh) 2017-04-21 2017-07-04 燕山大学 一种大型齿轮局部感应加热挤压成形方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR3116743B1 (fr) 2023-12-22
EP4005696B1 (de) 2023-09-27
ES2965442T3 (es) 2024-04-15
EP4005696C0 (de) 2023-09-27
FR3116743A1 (fr) 2022-06-03

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