EP4001515B1 - System for digging trenches and installing elongate objects, in particular pipes or cables, with treatment of rubble - Google Patents

System for digging trenches and installing elongate objects, in particular pipes or cables, with treatment of rubble Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4001515B1
EP4001515B1 EP21205345.8A EP21205345A EP4001515B1 EP 4001515 B1 EP4001515 B1 EP 4001515B1 EP 21205345 A EP21205345 A EP 21205345A EP 4001515 B1 EP4001515 B1 EP 4001515B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heel
casing
chamber
binder
trench
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21205345.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP4001515A1 (en
EP4001515C0 (en
Inventor
Philippe TODESCO
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Ot Engineering
Original Assignee
Ot Engineering
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Publication date
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Publication of EP4001515A1 publication Critical patent/EP4001515A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4001515B1 publication Critical patent/EP4001515B1/en
Publication of EP4001515C0 publication Critical patent/EP4001515C0/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/08—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging wheels turning round an axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/12—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with equipment for back-filling trenches or ditches

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of systems for digging trenches in the ground for laying elongated objects, in particular optical cables, electric cables, or tubes intended to receive this type of cable, or even conduits.
  • the rotation of the trenching wheel of the digging system and the advance of the carrier truck allows the obtaining in the ground of a trench at the desired depth.
  • the carrier truck is also equipped with a device for suction and collection of the cuttings which are generated during the digging of the trench.
  • the latter After laying the cables or tubes inside the trench, the latter is filled with a ready-to-use cement-based mortar which is manufactured in a specialized factory and which is transported to the site using another machine of the type truck-mixer.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • the invention relates to a system for digging at least one trench in the ground, for depositing at least one elongated object, in particular a tube or a cable, and for filling in the dug trench.
  • the system includes a trencher wheel and a housing partially enclosing the trencher wheel. A part of the slicing wheel projects out of the casing and the other part of the wheel is located inside an internal housing of said casing.
  • the system further comprises a heel integral with the casing and arranged at least partly at the rear of the slicing wheel.
  • heel is meant a rear part of the system.
  • heel secured to the casing is meant that the heel is fixed relative to the casing.
  • the heel and the housing can be formed as separate pieces to facilitate manufacturing. Alternatively, the heel could be made in one piece with the casing.
  • the heel internally delimits at least one cuttings collection chamber in communication with the internal housing of said casing and having at least one outlet opening.
  • the heel comprises means for guiding said elongated object to be deposited provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for the passage of said elongated object which is offset vertically downwards with respect to the outlet opening of the collection chamber.
  • the heel internally delimits the collection chamber and a guide chamber of said elongated object to be deposited forming at least in part said guide means and provided with inlet and outlet openings.
  • a system which makes it possible to simultaneously carry out the operation of digging the trench, the operation of depositing the elongated object(s) inside the dug trench, and the operation of covering of this or these elongated objects deposited and of filling in the dug trench with the cuttings produced during the digging operation.
  • the cuttings generated during the digging of the trench go up inside the casing before being sent to the chamber collection of the heel, then reintroduced into the trench which has just been dug for the removal of the elongated object(s).
  • the cuttings generated during digging are drawn inside the internal housing of the housing and the collection chamber of the heel by rotation of the trenching wheel.
  • the system of the invention thus makes it possible to reduce the costs of laying optical, electrical, telephone cables, etc., and is more ecological.
  • any risk of interference is avoided between, on the one hand, the elongated object to be deposited and, on the other hand, the trenching wheel and the cuttings.
  • the heel collection chamber forms an upper chamber thereof and the guide chamber forms a lower chamber of said heel.
  • the entrance opening of the guide chamber of the bead opens laterally. This promotes reduced transverse bulk for the heel.
  • the bead may internally comprise a compartmentalization wall which separates the upper collection and lower guide chambers, and which is inclined obliquely downwards and towards the rear.
  • the casing can also be equipped internally with a ramp obliquely extending the partitioning wall of the heel and extending inside the internal housing of said casing.
  • the heel internally delimits an upper chamber for collecting cuttings, and a lower chamber for guiding said elongated object to be deposited, the inlet opening of the guiding chamber of the heel emerging laterally.
  • the outlet opening of the bead guide chamber is located vertically below and plumb with the outlet opening of the collection chamber.
  • the heel may further comprise at least one sheath for guiding said elongated object to be deposited which extends inside the guide chamber in the direction of the outlet opening of said chamber. This facilitates the passage and sliding of said elongated object to be deposited during operation of the system.
  • the guide sleeve may extend projecting through the inlet opening.
  • the heel compartmentalization wall can then be equipped with means for blocking said guide sleeve.
  • the system also comprises at least one distribution means able to distribute at least one binder in the internal housing of the casing and/or in the collection chamber of the heel, and/or in an area adjacent to the casing. located in front of the trenching wheel.
  • at least one distribution means able to distribute at least one binder in the internal housing of the casing and/or in the collection chamber of the heel, and/or in an area adjacent to the casing. located in front of the trenching wheel.
  • the cuttings are mixed with the binder before being reintroduced into the trench, which makes it possible to plug it and obtain backfill material with good bearing and resistance characteristics after subsequent operation. of compaction.
  • said means of distributing the system distributes the binder inside the internal housing of the casing.
  • said distribution means feeds by binding the collection chamber of the bead.
  • said distribution means distributes the binder both in the internal housing of the casing and in the collection chamber of the heel.
  • said distribution means distributes the binder in an area adjacent to the casing located in front of the slicing wheel. This adjacent area is located outside the internal housing of the crankcase. In this fourth design, the binder is spread in front of the trenching wheel on the ground to be excavated.
  • Said binder distribution means can be integral with the casing and/or the heel.
  • said binder distribution means comprises a frame delimiting a metering chamber in communication with the internal housing of the casing, at least one endless screw mounted vertically inside the metering chamber, and means for driving said endless screw in rotation.
  • said dispensing means may comprise two endless screws mounted vertically inside the metering chamber which are driven in rotation by the drive means.
  • said distribution means may comprise a hopper capable of receiving the binder and in communication with the internal housing of the casing, and/or with the heel collection chamber, and/or capable of pouring the binder into said zone adjacent to the casing located in front of the trenching wheel.
  • the hopper can be equipped with a movable shutter between at least one open position for distributing the binder and a closed position.
  • the flap may for example be adapted to close an inlet opening of the internal housing and/or of the heel collection chamber, and to close said opening.
  • said dispensing means could have another design than in the form of a hopper.
  • Said distribution means could for example be an injector.
  • the casing can be equipped with a sole intended to bear against the surface of the ground.
  • the heel can also be equipped with a sole offset vertically downwards with respect to the sole of the casing and intended to bear against the bottom of the dug trench. This helps guide the system as it advances.
  • the heel guide chamber is advantageously offset at least partly vertically downwards with respect to the sole of the casing.
  • the heel is advantageously arranged at least partly at the rear of the casing.
  • the heel can be fitted with an access hatch to the cuttings collection chamber.
  • the system can also be additionally equipped with at least one water injector capable of injecting water into the collection chamber of the heel and/or into the internal housing of the casing.
  • the invention also relates to a method for digging at least one trench in the ground, for depositing at least one elongated object and for filling in the dug trench using a digging system as described above.
  • the first, second and third steps are carried out simultaneously.
  • the third step of covering said elongated object and filling in the dug trench is carried out with the cuttings generated during the first digging step which are driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.
  • the third step of covering said elongated object and filling in the dug trench is carried out with the cuttings generated and with at least one binder which is also driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.
  • the method further comprises a fourth step of injecting said binder inside a casing of the wheel of the trencher which is carried out simultaneously with the first, second and third steps.
  • the method may further comprise a fourth step of spreading said binder on the ground to be excavated in front of the trenching wheel which is carried out simultaneously with the first, second and third steps.
  • the method further comprises a step of injecting water, this water being mixed with the cuttings generated during the first digging step and driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel
  • a system is shown, referenced 10 as a whole, which is suitable for digging a trench in the ground, for depositing elongated objects in the dug trench and for the internal treatment of the cuttings generated.
  • the elongated objects are tubes 11.
  • the system 10 is intended to be hooked to the rear of a motorized machine to allow its advancement, for example a carrier truck.
  • the system 10 comprises a slicing wheel 12, a casing 14 partially enveloping the slicing wheel, and a heel 16 integral with the casing 14 and arranged longitudinally at the rear of the slicing wheel 12.
  • the slicing wheel 12 is provided at its periphery with cutting members 18, here made in the form of added teeth.
  • cutting members 18 here made in the form of added teeth.
  • any other type of trenching wheel such as cutting and sawing discs could be used.
  • the trenching wheel 12 is intended to make narrow trenches, for example of the order of 10 to 20 cm, and of shallow depth, for example less than 50 cm, in particular for laying tubes such as optical, electrical, telephone cables, etc.
  • the slicing wheel 12 is rotatable about a transverse axis 12a.
  • the system 10 is equipped with a drive member 20 in rotation, such as a geared motor, extending in the hub of the slicing wheel 12.
  • the protective casing 14 envelops an upper part 12a ( figure 5 ) of the trenching wheel.
  • the casing 14 internally delimits a housing 22 inside which is located the upper part 12a of the slicing wheel.
  • a lower part 12b of the trenching wheel projects downwardly from the housing 14. In operation, the upper part 12a of the trenching wheel is located outside the dug trench and the lower part 12b is located in the trench.
  • the housing 14 has a vertical section of general inverted U shape inside which is located the upper part 12a of the slicing wheel.
  • the casing 14 is equipped, in the lower part, with a peripheral flange 24 intended to bear against the surface of the ground as shown on the figure 6 .
  • the sole 24 extends transversely.
  • the casing 14 is delimited in the vertical direction by the sole 24.
  • the housing 14 comprises two side flanges 26, 28 spaced apart transversely, and a central flange 30 to which the flanges are fixed on either side.
  • the sole 24 is fixed on the flanges 26, 28.
  • the flanges 26, 28 and the flange 30 jointly delimit the internal housing 22 of the casing.
  • the flange 30 has a half-crown shape.
  • the flanges 26, 28 delimit the housing 22 in the transverse direction.
  • the flange 30 delimits the housing 22 in the vertical direction.
  • the housing 22 is open vertically downwards to allow passage of the slicing wheel 12.
  • the housing 22 is also open towards the rear on the side of the heel 16.
  • the housing 14 also comprises, in the rear part, a plate 32 ( figure 5 ) defining a through opening 34 to allow communication between the internal housing 22 of the housing and the heel 16.
  • the opening 34 passes through the thickness of the plate 32 in the longitudinal direction.
  • Plate 32 is fixed to flanges 26, 28 and flange 30.
  • the system 10 further comprises a lug 36 fixed to the casing 14 to allow attachment to the associated motorized vehicle and its handling.
  • the system 10 can thus be manipulated to adjust in particular the depth of the trench to be dug or to pass into a raised position relative to the ground.
  • the lug 36 is fixed to one of the side flanges 26, 28 of the casing.
  • the lug 36 also supports the drive member 20 of the slicing wheel.
  • the heel 16 is arranged partly at the rear of the casing 14.
  • the heel 16 is fixed to the casing 14.
  • the heel 16 internally delimits a first upper chamber 40 and a second lower chamber 42 which are separate from each other.
  • the upper 40 and lower 42 chambers are separated from each other. In other words, there is no communication from one room 40, 42 to another.
  • the chambers 40, 42 are located vertically one below the other.
  • the upper chamber 40 is intended to receive and evacuate the cuttings generated during the digging of the trench.
  • the lower chamber 42 is for its part intended to receive the tubes 11 to be laid at the bottom of this trench.
  • the tubes 11 are shown only partially, as regards their length, for reasons of clarity.
  • the upper chamber 40 is in communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing.
  • the upper chamber 40 is in communication with the through opening 34 of the plate.
  • the upper chamber 40 has a through inlet opening 44 which faces this through opening 34.
  • the upper chamber 40 is in communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing via the inlet opening 44 located longitudinally on the side of the slicing wheel 12.
  • the upper chamber 40 also has a through-out outlet opening 46 which is located longitudinally opposite the slicing wheel 12 and the inlet opening 44.
  • the outlet opening 46 is located at the rear of the heel 16 The outlet opening 46 faces the opposite side of the trencher wheel 12, i.e. facing rearward.
  • the lower chamber 42 has a side entrance opening 48 ( figure 1 And 3 ) leading outwards.
  • the entrance opening 48 is through.
  • Inlet opening 48 extends transversely through the thickness of heel 16.
  • the lower chamber 42 also has an exit opening 50 which is located longitudinally opposite the slicing wheel 12.
  • the exit opening 50 is located at the rear of the heel 16.
  • the exit opening 50 is oriented on the opposite side of the trenching wheel 12, i.e. oriented towards the rear.
  • the outlet opening 50 is located vertically below and plumb with the outlet opening 46.
  • the heel 16 is internally equipped with a partitioning wall 52 separating inside thereof the upper 40 and lower 42 chambers.
  • the compartmentalization wall 52 also separates the outlet openings 46, 50.
  • the compartmentalization wall 52 is inclined obliquely downwards and to the rear.
  • the partitioning wall 52 is rectilinear.
  • the compartmentalization wall 52 extends from the front to the rear of the heel 16.
  • the compartmentalization wall 52 extends obliquely from the entrance opening 44.
  • the heel 16 comprises two side flanges 56, 58 spaced apart transversely, and a central flange 60 to which the flanges are fixed on either side.
  • the casing 14 is equipped, in the lower part, with a sole 62 intended to come opposite the bottom of the trench as shown in the figure 6 .
  • the heel 16 also comprises, in the front part, a front plate 64 delimiting the through inlet opening 44 of the upper chamber 40.
  • the opening 44 passes through the thickness of the plate 64 in the longitudinal direction.
  • the inlet opening 44 faces the through-opening 34 of the casing to obtain communication between the upper chamber 40 and the internal housing 22 of the casing.
  • the plate 64 is fixed on the flanges 56, 58 and the flange 60 of the heel.
  • the plate 64 is also fixed to the plate 32 of the housing.
  • the flanges 56, 58 as well as the flange 60 and the wall 52 for compartmentalizing the heel jointly delimit the upper chamber 40 of the heel.
  • the flanges 56, 58 delimit the chamber 40 in the transverse direction.
  • the flange 60 and the partitioning wall 52 delimit the chamber 40 in the vertical direction.
  • the plate 64 delimits in the longitudinal direction the chamber 40 on the front side. Chamber 40 is open to the rear through outlet opening 46. Chamber 40 is open to the front through inlet opening 44.
  • Heel 16 is equipped with a hatch 65 for access to the chamber 40 which is removably mounted on the flange 60.
  • the flanges 56, 58 as well as the sole 62 and the partitioning wall 52 jointly delimit the lower chamber 42.
  • the flanges 56, 58 delimit the chamber 42 in the transverse direction.
  • the sole 62 and the partitioning wall 52 delimit the chamber 42 in the vertical direction.
  • Chamber 42 is open at the rear via outlet opening 50. Chamber 42 is closed at the front.
  • the heel 16 also comprises, in the front part, a curved wall 66 delimiting in the longitudinal direction the chamber 42 on the front side.
  • the wall 66 is fixed on the flanges 56, 58 and the sole 62 of the heel.
  • the wall 66 is also fixed to the plate 64.
  • the curved wall 66 is located in the vicinity of the slicing wheel 12. The radius of curvature of the wall 66 is adapted to that of the slicing wheel 12.
  • the casing 14 also comprises a ramp 68 extending obliquely upwards the wall 52 for compartmentalizing the heel and extending inside the internal housing 22 of said casing.
  • the ramp 68 extends above the trenching wheel 12.
  • the ramp 68 is provided to facilitate the passage of the cuttings from the internal housing 22 of the housing to the upper chamber 40 of the heel during the rotation of the slicing wheel 12.
  • For the heel 16 only the upper chamber 40 is in communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing.
  • the lower chamber 42 of the heel does not communicate with the housing 22.
  • the system 10 further comprises sheaths 70 for guiding the tubes 11 to be deposited in the trench which extend inside the lower chamber 42 of the heel.
  • the sheaths 70 here extend projecting outwards through the inlet opening 48 of the heel 16.
  • the inlet opening 48 is made in the thickness of the flange 56 of the heel.
  • Each sheath is intended to receive one of the tubes 11 to be placed in the dug trench.
  • the sheaths 70 extend in the direction of the outlet opening 50 of the lower chamber of the heel. In the illustrated embodiment, the sheaths 70 are set back from the outlet opening 50. Alternatively, the sheaths could be flush with the outlet opening 50, or extend projecting outwardly relative to this one. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower end 52a of the compartmentalization wall 52 is folded downwards so as to guide the tubes 11. The lower end 52a of the compartmentalization wall delimits the outlet opening 50.
  • the partitioning wall 52 is equipped with a lug 72 bearing against them.
  • the sheaths 70 are three in number. As a variant, it is possible to provide a lower or higher number of sheaths.
  • the system 10 further comprises a hopper 80 fixed to the casing 14 longitudinally on the side opposite the heel 16.
  • the hopper 80 is fixed to the front of the casing 14. In the embodiment illustrated, the hopper 80 is fixed to the puddles 26 , 28 from the crankcase.
  • the hopper 80 delimits a reservoir 82 of binder.
  • the hopper 80 is provided for the supply or distribution of the binder in the internal housing 22 of the housing.
  • the binder can for example be a hydraulic binder.
  • hydraulic binder is meant a binder which, mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens.
  • the binder can for example be cement or even lime.
  • a dye can also be introduced inside the tank 82 of the hopper.
  • the hopper 80 is in fluid communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing.
  • an inlet opening (not visible in the figures) is provided on the housing 14 to allow fluid communication between the internal housing 22 and the reservoir 82 of the hopper.
  • the inlet opening extends for example vertically between the sole 24 and the lower end of the flange 30 of the casing which is offset upwards with respect to the sole.
  • the system 10 also comprises a closure flap 84 of the inlet opening of the casing 14 which is mounted to move between a closed position (illustrated in the figures) in which no fluid communication between the internal housing 22 of the casing and the reservoir 82 of the hopper is authorized, and at least one open position allowing this communication.
  • the shutter 84 is mounted to slide vertically between the lowered closed position and the raised open position. In the illustrated embodiment, the shutter 84 is mounted inside the hopper. Alternatively, it could be possible to interpose the shutter 84 between the hopper 80 and the casing 14. The displacement of the shutter 84 can be carried out manually or controlled electronically.
  • the system 10 further comprises water injectors 90 capable of injecting water into the upper chamber 40 of the heel.
  • the water injectors 90 are mounted on the heel 16, here on the flanges 56 and 58.
  • the water injectors are equipped with nozzles opening inside the upper chamber 40 of the heel.
  • the system 10 is attached to the rear of a motorized carrier (not shown) via the bracket 36.
  • the cables or tubes 11 which are to be deposited at the inside a trench to be digged are carried by the motorized machine using reel carriers.
  • Each tube 11 is introduced inside one of the sheaths 70 of the system.
  • the hopper 80 of the system is also filled with binder.
  • the hopper 80 can be supplied with binder via a tank arranged on the motorized carrier, and a conduit connecting the hopper to the tank.
  • the work phase and in particular the digging, can begin.
  • These operations can be controlled by radio control by a operator using a control unit controlling the operation of the slicing wheel 12 of the system.
  • the advance of the motorized carrier machine is adapted to the realization of the trench.
  • the trench T is executed with the trenching wheel 12 of the system which is positioned with its axis 12a of rotation oriented horizontally as shown in the figure 6 .
  • the speed of rotation of the slicing wheel 12 can for example be between 50 and 150 rpm.
  • the cutting elements 18 gradually dig the trench T.
  • the sole 24 of the casing bears against the ground S and the sole 62 of the heel is facing the bottom of the trench T.
  • the tubes 11 are deposited along the trench T at the bottom thereof, being guided beforehand inside the sheaths 70 which themselves extend into the lower chamber 42 of the heel.
  • the cuttings produced by the digging of the trench T are driven by the trenching wheel 12 inside the internal housing 22 of the casing.
  • the closing flap 84 of the hopper is in the open position to distribute the binder inside the housing 22.
  • the passage of the closing flap 84 towards the open position is carried out manually or is controlled by the unit control controlling the operation of the trenching wheel 12.
  • the cuttings mixed with the binder are driven by the slicing wheel 12 inside the housing 22 of the casing and go up along the latter until they reach the upper chamber 40 of the heel.
  • the cuttings mixed with the binder DL then slide along the compartmentalization wall 52 of the heel before being evacuated through the outlet opening 46.
  • the cuttings mixed with the binder D-L cover the tubes 11 deposited at the bottom of the trench T and completely fill the trench. All of the cuttings generated during the digging of the trench T are thus reintroduced into this trench at the rear of the trenching wheel 12 to fill it.
  • binder makes it possible to make the cuttings produced by the excavation more resistant and harder before their reintroduction inside the trench T.
  • the quantity of binder to be added to the cuttings produced depends on the nature of the soil S to be dug.
  • the opening height of shutter 84 is adjusted according to the amount of binder to be added.
  • the quantity of binder to be added to the cuttings produced can also be adapted according to the speed of advance of the trenching wheel 12.
  • water can also be introduced inside the upper chamber 40 of the heel by the water injectors 90.
  • the operation of the water injectors 90 can be controlled by the control unit also controlling the operation of the trenching wheel 12.
  • the hopper 80 and the water injectors 90 can respectively be supplied with binder and water from tanks transported by the motorized carrier.
  • the hopper 80 allows a distribution of binder inside the internal housing 22 of the housing.
  • the hopper 80 could distribute the binder on the ground S to be dug in an area adjacent to the casing 14 above said hopper and in front of the trenching wheel 12. In this case, the binder is spread on the ground S.
  • the cuttings and the spread binder are also driven by the trenching wheel 12 inside the internal housing 22 of the casing then towards the upper chamber 40 of the heel.
  • the hopper 80 allows a distribution of binder inside the internal housing 22 of the housing.
  • the system 10 comprises a distribution means 100 which comprises a frame 102 fixed to the casing 14 and a binder supply conduit 104 opening into the frame.
  • the frame 102 is fixed to the upper part of the casing 14.
  • the frame 102 is fixed to the flange 30 of the casing.
  • the frame 102 internally delimits a chamber 106 for metering the binder.
  • This chamber 106 is in fluid communication with the internal housing 22 of the casing via a through opening (not visible) formed in the thickness of the flange 30 of the casing.
  • the distribution means 100 also comprises two endless screws 108 ( figure 9 ) arranged inside the frame 102 being oriented vertically, a chain 110 for driving the screws 108 in rotation, and a drive motor 112 connected to the chain 110
  • the axes of rotation of the endless screws 108 are vertical and parallel.
  • the endless screws 108 are arranged relative to each other so that the helix of one of the screws partially engages in the helical space left free by the helix of the other of the screws. .
  • the binder is brought inside the metering chamber 106 of the chassis via the supply duct 104 which is connected to a binder tank arranged for example on the motorized carrier.
  • the rotation of the two endless screws 108 makes it possible to grind any agglomerates of binder and to direct the binder towards the internal housing 22 of the casing inside which the binder is mixed with the cuttings generated which are driven by the trenching wheel 12.
  • the distribution means of the system could still have other designs.
  • the distribution means could for example comprise one or more binder injectors opening into the internal housing of the casing, or else a paddle wheel driven in rotation and allowing the injection of binder into the internal housing of the casing.
  • the system comprises a binder dispensing means.
  • a system devoid of binder distribution means it is possible to provide, without departing from the scope of the invention, a system devoid of binder distribution means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
  • Filling Or Emptying Of Bunkers, Hoppers, And Tanks (AREA)
  • Pusher Or Impeller Conveyors (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des systèmes de creusage de tranchées dans le sol pour la pose d'objets allongés, notamment de câbles optiques, de câbles électriques, ou de tubes destinés à recevoir ce type de câbles, ou encore de conduits.The present invention relates to the field of systems for digging trenches in the ground for laying elongated objects, in particular optical cables, electric cables, or tubes intended to receive this type of cable, or even conduits.

Généralement, la réalisation d'une telle tranchée dans le sol, qui peut être la chaussée ou l'accotement d'une route, s'effectue par un système de creusage à roue trancheuse qui est porté par un camion motorisé dédié. Pour plus de détails sur la conception d'une telle roue trancheuse, on pourra par exemple se référer à la demande de brevet DE-A1-10 2014 105 577 .Generally, the realization of such a trench in the ground, which can be the roadway or the shoulder of a road, is carried out by a trenching wheel digging system which is carried by a dedicated motorized truck. For more details on the design of such a slicing wheel, reference may for example be made to the patent application DE-A1-10 2014 105 577 .

La rotation de la roue trancheuse du système de creusage et l'avance du camion porteur permet l'obtention dans le sol d'une tranchée à la profondeur souhaitée.The rotation of the trenching wheel of the digging system and the advance of the carrier truck allows the obtaining in the ground of a trench at the desired depth.

Classiquement, le camion porteur est également équipé d'un dispositif d'aspiration et de collecte des déblais qui sont générés lors du creusage de la tranchée.Conventionally, the carrier truck is also equipped with a device for suction and collection of the cuttings which are generated during the digging of the trench.

Pour réaliser la pose de câbles ou de tubes à l'intérieur de la tranchée qui vient d'être creusée, il est possible de dérouler devant le camion porteur ces câbles ou tubes qui sont introduits au fur et à mesure du creusage de la tranchée. On parle alors de pose mécanisée.To carry out the laying of cables or tubes inside the trench which has just been dug, it is possible to unroll these cables or tubes in front of the carrying truck which are introduced as the trench is dug. We then speak of mechanized installation.

Après la dépose des câbles ou tubes à l'intérieur de la tranchée, celle-ci est comblée avec un mortier à base de ciment prêt à l'emploi qui est fabriqué dans une usine spécialisée et qui est acheminé sur site à l'aide d'un autre engin du type camion-toupie.After laying the cables or tubes inside the trench, the latter is filled with a ready-to-use cement-based mortar which is manufactured in a specialized factory and which is transported to the site using another machine of the type truck-mixer.

Après le creusage de la tranchée et la dépose des câbles ou tubes, il convient également d'évacuer les déblais qui ont été aspirés et collectés au niveau du camion portant le système de creusage à roue.After digging the trench and removing the cables or tubes, it is also necessary to evacuate the cuttings which have been sucked up and collected at the level of the truck carrying the wheel digging system.

On conçoit aisément que les différentes opérations nécessaires d'une part à l'évacuation et à la décharge des déblais collectés lors du creusage ainsi qu'à leur traitement, et d'autre part à l'amenée du mortier pour recouvrir les câbles ou tubes et combler la tranchée creusée engendrent une logistique et des coûts importants.It is easy to see that the various operations necessary on the one hand for the evacuation and discharge of the cuttings collected during the digging as well as their treatment, and on the other hand the supply of mortar to cover the cables or tubes and fill in the dug trench generate significant logistics and costs.

La présente invention vise à remédier à ces inconvénients.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.

L'invention concerne un système de creusage d'au moins une tranchée dans le sol, de dépose d'au moins un objet allongé, notamment un tube ou un câble, et de comblement de la tranchée creusée.The invention relates to a system for digging at least one trench in the ground, for depositing at least one elongated object, in particular a tube or a cable, and for filling in the dug trench.

Le système comprend une roue trancheuse et un carter enveloppant partiellement la roue trancheuse. Une partie de la roue trancheuse s'étend en saillie hors du carter et l'autre partie de la roue est située à l'intérieur d'un logement interne dudit carter.The system includes a trencher wheel and a housing partially enclosing the trencher wheel. A part of the slicing wheel projects out of the casing and the other part of the wheel is located inside an internal housing of said casing.

Selon une caractéristique générale, le système comprend en outre un talon solidaire du carter et disposé au moins en partie à l'arrière de la roue trancheuse.According to a general characteristic, the system further comprises a heel integral with the casing and arranged at least partly at the rear of the slicing wheel.

Par « talon », on entend une partie arrière du système. Par « talon solidaire du carter », on entend que le talon est fixe par rapport au carter. Le talon et le carter peuvent être formés de pièces distinctes pour faciliter la fabrication. Alternativement, le talon pourrait être réalisé d'une seule pièce avec le carter.By "heel" is meant a rear part of the system. By “heel secured to the casing”, is meant that the heel is fixed relative to the casing. The heel and the housing can be formed as separate pieces to facilitate manufacturing. Alternatively, the heel could be made in one piece with the casing.

Le talon délimite intérieurement au moins une chambre de collecte de déblais en communication avec le logement interne dudit carter et présentant au moins une ouverture de sortie.The heel internally delimits at least one cuttings collection chamber in communication with the internal housing of said casing and having at least one outlet opening.

Le talon comprend des moyens de guidage dudit objet allongé à déposer pourvus d'une ouverture d'entrée et d'une ouverture de sortie pour le passage dudit objet allongé qui est décalée verticalement vers le bas par rapport à l'ouverture de sortie de la chambre de collecte.The heel comprises means for guiding said elongated object to be deposited provided with an inlet opening and an outlet opening for the passage of said elongated object which is offset vertically downwards with respect to the outlet opening of the collection chamber.

Le talon délimite intérieurement la chambre de collecte et une chambre de guidage dudit objet allongé à déposer formant au moins en partie lesdits moyens de guidage et pourvue des ouvertures d'entrée et de sortie.The heel internally delimits the collection chamber and a guide chamber of said elongated object to be deposited forming at least in part said guide means and provided with inlet and outlet openings.

Grâce à l'invention, on dispose d'un système permettant de réaliser simultanément l'opération de creusage de la tranchée, l'opération de dépose du ou des objets allongés à l'intérieur de la tranchée creusée, et l'opération de recouvrement de ce ou ces objets allongés déposés et de comblement de la tranchée creusée avec les déblais produits lors de l'opération de creusage.Thanks to the invention, a system is available which makes it possible to simultaneously carry out the operation of digging the trench, the operation of depositing the elongated object(s) inside the dug trench, and the operation of covering of this or these elongated objects deposited and of filling in the dug trench with the cuttings produced during the digging operation.

En effet, les déblais générés lors du creusage de la tranchée remontent à l'intérieur du carter avant d'être envoyés vers la chambre de collecte du talon, puis réintroduits dans la tranchée qui vient d'être creusée pour la dépose du ou des objets allongés. Les déblais générés lors du creusage sont entraînés à l'intérieur du logement interne du carter et de la chambre de collecte du talon par rotation de la roue trancheuse.Indeed, the cuttings generated during the digging of the trench go up inside the casing before being sent to the chamber collection of the heel, then reintroduced into the trench which has just been dug for the removal of the elongated object(s). The cuttings generated during digging are drawn inside the internal housing of the housing and the collection chamber of the heel by rotation of the trenching wheel.

Il n'est donc plus nécessaire d'évacuer hors du système les déblais collectés lors du creusage et de les décharger sur un autre site que celui où la tranchée est creusée.It is therefore no longer necessary to evacuate the cuttings collected during digging from the system and to unload them on a site other than that where the trench is dug.

Par rapport aux systèmes conventionnels, ceci permet d'éviter les coûts liés à l'évacuation, à la décharge et au traitement des déblais ainsi que les coûts d'acheminement de matières premières pour le remblaiement de la tranchée.Compared to conventional systems, this makes it possible to avoid the costs associated with the evacuation, dumping and treatment of the cuttings as well as the costs of transporting raw materials for backfilling the trench.

Le système de l'invention permet ainsi de réduire les coûts de dépose de câbles optiques, électriques, téléphoniques, etc., et est plus écologique.The system of the invention thus makes it possible to reduce the costs of laying optical, electrical, telephone cables, etc., and is more ecological.

Par ailleurs, avec la conception particulière du talon, on évite tout risque d'interférence entre d'une part l'objet allongé à déposer et d'autre part la roue trancheuse et les déblais.Furthermore, with the particular design of the heel, any risk of interference is avoided between, on the one hand, the elongated object to be deposited and, on the other hand, the trenching wheel and the cuttings.

De préférence, la chambre de collecte du talon forme une chambre supérieure de celui-ci et la chambre de guidage forme une chambre inférieure dudit talon. L'ouverture d'entrée de la chambre de guidage du talon débouche latéralement. Ceci favorise un encombrement transversal réduit pour le talon.Preferably, the heel collection chamber forms an upper chamber thereof and the guide chamber forms a lower chamber of said heel. The entrance opening of the guide chamber of the bead opens laterally. This promotes reduced transverse bulk for the heel.

Dans ce cas, le talon peut comprendre intérieurement une paroi de compartimentage qui sépare les chambres de collecte supérieure et de guidage inférieure, et qui est inclinée obliquement vers le bas et vers l'arrière.In this case, the bead may internally comprise a compartmentalization wall which separates the upper collection and lower guide chambers, and which is inclined obliquely downwards and towards the rear.

Le carter peut également être équipé intérieurement d'une rampe prolongeant obliquement la paroi de compartimentage du talon et s'étendant à l'intérieur du logement interne dudit carter. Ainsi, le passage des déblais du carter vers la chambre de collecte supérieure du talon est facilité lors de la rotation de la roue trancheuse.The casing can also be equipped internally with a ramp obliquely extending the partitioning wall of the heel and extending inside the internal housing of said casing. Thus, the passage of the cuttings from the casing to the upper collection chamber of the heel is facilitated during the rotation of the trenching wheel.

Comme indiqué précédemment, selon une conception préférée, le talon délimite intérieurement une chambre supérieure de collecte de déblais, et une chambre inférieure de guidage dudit objet allongé à déposer, l'ouverture d'entrée de la chambre de guidage du talon débouchant latéralement.As indicated above, according to a preferred design, the heel internally delimits an upper chamber for collecting cuttings, and a lower chamber for guiding said elongated object to be deposited, the inlet opening of the guiding chamber of the heel emerging laterally.

En variante ou en combinaison, il reste cependant possible de prévoir un autre agencement relatif des chambres de collecte et de guidage. Par exemple, il pourrait être possible de prévoir une chambre de guidage qui soit au moins en partie décalée latéralement par rapport à la chambre de collecte.As a variant or in combination, it remains however possible to provide another relative arrangement of the collecting and guiding chambers. For example, it could be possible to provide a guide chamber which is at least partly offset laterally with respect to the collection chamber.

De préférence, l'ouverture de sortie de la chambre de guidage du talon est située verticalement en dessous et à l'aplomb de l'ouverture de sortie de la chambre de collecte.Preferably, the outlet opening of the bead guide chamber is located vertically below and plumb with the outlet opening of the collection chamber.

Le talon peut comprendre en outre au moins un fourreau de guidage dudit objet allongé à déposer qui s'étend à l'intérieur de la chambre de guidage en direction de l'ouverture de sortie de ladite chambre. Ceci facilite le passage et le coulissement dudit objet allongé à déposer lors du fonctionnement du système. Le fourreau de guidage peut s'étendre en saillie au travers de l'ouverture d'entrée. La paroi de compartimentage du talon peut alors être équipée de moyens de blocage dudit fourreau de guidage.The heel may further comprise at least one sheath for guiding said elongated object to be deposited which extends inside the guide chamber in the direction of the outlet opening of said chamber. This facilitates the passage and sliding of said elongated object to be deposited during operation of the system. The guide sleeve may extend projecting through the inlet opening. The heel compartmentalization wall can then be equipped with means for blocking said guide sleeve.

Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, le système comprend également au moins un moyen de distribution apte à distribuer au moins un liant dans le logement interne du carter et/ou dans la chambre de collecte du talon, et/ou dans une zone adjacente au carter située à l'avant de la roue trancheuse. En variante, il reste cependant possible de prévoir un système dépourvu du moyen de distribution.In a preferred embodiment, the system also comprises at least one distribution means able to distribute at least one binder in the internal housing of the casing and/or in the collection chamber of the heel, and/or in an area adjacent to the casing. located in front of the trenching wheel. As a variant, however, it remains possible to provide a system devoid of the dispensing means.

Avec un système équipé du moyen de distribution, les déblais sont mélangés au liant avant d'être réintroduits dans la tranchée, ce qui permet de la boucher et d'obtenir un matériau de remblai présentant de bonnes caractéristiques de portance et de résistance après opération ultérieure de compactage.With a system equipped with the distribution means, the cuttings are mixed with the binder before being reintroduced into the trench, which makes it possible to plug it and obtain backfill material with good bearing and resistance characteristics after subsequent operation. of compaction.

Comme indiqué précédemment, selon une première conception, ledit moyen de distribution du système distribue le liant à l'intérieur du logement interne du carter.As indicated above, according to a first design, said means of distributing the system distributes the binder inside the internal housing of the casing.

Selon une deuxième conception alternative, ledit moyen de distribution alimente en liant la chambre de collecte du talon.According to a second alternative design, said distribution means feeds by binding the collection chamber of the bead.

Selon une troisième conception, ledit moyen de distribution distribue le liant à la fois dans le logement interne du carter et dans la chambre de collecte du talon.According to a third design, said distribution means distributes the binder both in the internal housing of the casing and in the collection chamber of the heel.

Selon une quatrième conception alternative ou additionnelle, ledit moyen de distribution distribue le liant dans une zone adjacente au carter située à l'avant de la roue trancheuse. Cette zone adjacente est située en dehors du logement interne du carter. Dans cette quatrième conception, le liant est épandu devant la roue trancheuse sur le sol à creuser.According to a fourth alternative or additional design, said distribution means distributes the binder in an area adjacent to the casing located in front of the slicing wheel. This adjacent area is located outside the internal housing of the crankcase. In this fourth design, the binder is spread in front of the trenching wheel on the ground to be excavated.

Ledit moyen de distribution de liant peut être solidaire du carter et/ou du talon.Said binder distribution means can be integral with the casing and/or the heel.

Dans un mode de réalisation, ledit moyen de distribution en liant comprend un châssis délimitant une chambre de dosage en communication avec le logement interne du carter, au moins une vis sans fin montée verticalement à l'intérieur de la chambre de dosage, et des moyens pour l'entrainement en rotation de ladite vis sans fin.In one embodiment, said binder distribution means comprises a frame delimiting a metering chamber in communication with the internal housing of the casing, at least one endless screw mounted vertically inside the metering chamber, and means for driving said endless screw in rotation.

De préférence, ledit moyen de distribution peut comprendre deux vis sans fin montées verticalement à l'intérieur de la chambre de dosage qui sont entraînés en rotation par les moyens d'entrainement.Preferably, said dispensing means may comprise two endless screws mounted vertically inside the metering chamber which are driven in rotation by the drive means.

Dans un autre mode de réalisation, ledit moyen de distribution peut comprendre une trémie apte à recevoir le liant et en communication avec le logement interne du carter, et/ou avec la chambre de collecte du talon, et/ou apte à déverser le liant dans ladite zone adjacente au carter située à l'avant de la roue trancheuse. La trémie peut être équipée d'un volet d'obturation mobile entre au moins une position ouverte de distribution du liant et une position fermée. Le volet peut par exemple être apte à fermer une ouverture d'entrée du logement interne et/ou de la chambre de collecte du talon, et à fermer ladite ouverture.In another embodiment, said distribution means may comprise a hopper capable of receiving the binder and in communication with the internal housing of the casing, and/or with the heel collection chamber, and/or capable of pouring the binder into said zone adjacent to the casing located in front of the trenching wheel. The hopper can be equipped with a movable shutter between at least one open position for distributing the binder and a closed position. The flap may for example be adapted to close an inlet opening of the internal housing and/or of the heel collection chamber, and to close said opening.

Alternativement, ledit moyen de distribution pourrait présenter une autre conception que sous la forme d'une trémie. Ledit moyen de distribution pourrait par exemple être un injecteur.Alternatively, said dispensing means could have another design than in the form of a hopper. Said distribution means could for example be an injector.

Le carter peut être équipé d'une semelle destinée à venir en appui contre la surface du sol. Le talon peut également être équipé d'une semelle décalée verticalement vers le bas par rapport à la semelle du carter et destinée à venir en appui contre le fond de la tranchée creusée. Ceci permet de guider le système lors de l'avance.The casing can be equipped with a sole intended to bear against the surface of the ground. The heel can also be equipped with a sole offset vertically downwards with respect to the sole of the casing and intended to bear against the bottom of the dug trench. This helps guide the system as it advances.

La chambre de guidage du talon est avantageusement décalée au moins en partie verticalement vers le bas par rapport à la semelle du carter.The heel guide chamber is advantageously offset at least partly vertically downwards with respect to the sole of the casing.

Selon une conception préférentielle, le talon est avantageusement disposé au moins en partie à l'arrière du carter.According to a preferred design, the heel is advantageously arranged at least partly at the rear of the casing.

Le talon peut être équipé d'une trappe d'accès à la chambre de collecte des déblais.The heel can be fitted with an access hatch to the cuttings collection chamber.

Le système peut aussi être équipé en outre d'au moins un injecteur d'eau apte à injecter de l'eau dans la chambre de collecte du talon et/ou dans le logement interne du carter.The system can also be additionally equipped with at least one water injector capable of injecting water into the collection chamber of the heel and/or into the internal housing of the casing.

L'invention concerne également un procédé de creusage d'au moins une tranchée dans le sol, de dépose d'au moins un objet allongé et de comblement de la tranchée creusée à l'aide d'un système de creusage tel que décrit précédemment.The invention also relates to a method for digging at least one trench in the ground, for depositing at least one elongated object and for filling in the dug trench using a digging system as described above.

Le procédé comprend les étapes suivantes :

  • une première étape de creusage de la tranchée à l'aide d'une roue trancheuse,
  • une deuxième étape de dépose dudit objet allongé à l'intérieur de la tranchée creusée, et
  • une troisième étape de recouvrement dudit objet allongé déposé et de comblement de la tranchée creusée.
The process includes the following steps:
  • a first step of digging the trench using a trenching wheel,
  • a second step of depositing said elongated object inside the dug trench, and
  • a third step of covering said deposited elongated object and filling in the dug trench.

Selon une caractéristique générale, les première, deuxième et troisième étapes sont réalisées simultanément.According to a general characteristic, the first, second and third steps are carried out simultaneously.

Selon une autre caractéristique générale, la troisième étape de recouvrement dudit objet allongé et de comblement de la tranchée creusée est réalisée avec les déblais générés lors de la première étape de creusage qui sont entraînés par la rotation de la roue trancheuse.According to another general characteristic, the third step of covering said elongated object and filling in the dug trench is carried out with the cuttings generated during the first digging step which are driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.

Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre, la troisième étape de recouvrement dudit objet allongé et de comblement de la tranchée creusée est réalisée avec les déblais générés et avec au moins un liant qui est également entraîné par la rotation de la roue trancheuse.According to one mode of implementation, the third step of covering said elongated object and filling in the dug trench is carried out with the cuttings generated and with at least one binder which is also driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.

Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre particulier, le procédé comprend en outre une quatrième étape d'injection dudit liant à l'intérieur d'un carter de roue la trancheuse qui est réalisée simultanément aux première, deuxième et troisième étapes.According to a particular mode of implementation, the method further comprises a fourth step of injecting said binder inside a casing of the wheel of the trencher which is carried out simultaneously with the first, second and third steps.

Alternativement, le procédé peut comprendre en outre une quatrième étape d'épandage dudit liant sur le sol à creuser en avant de la roue trancheuse qui est réalisée simultanément aux première, deuxième et troisième étapes.Alternatively, the method may further comprise a fourth step of spreading said binder on the ground to be excavated in front of the trenching wheel which is carried out simultaneously with the first, second and third steps.

Selon un mode de mise en oeuvre particulier, le procédé comprend en outre une étape d'injection d'eau, cette eau étant mélangée aux déblais générés lors de la première étape de creusage et entraînés par la rotation de la roue trancheuseAccording to a particular mode of implementation, the method further comprises a step of injecting water, this water being mixed with the cuttings generated during the first digging step and driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel

La présente invention sera mieux comprise à l'étude de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation, pris à titre d'exemple nullement limitatif et illustré sur les dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

  • [Fig 1]
  • [Fig 2] sont des vues de côté d'un système de creusage d'une tranchée, de dépose d'objets allongés et de remblaiement de la tranche creusée selon un premier exemple de réalisation,
  • [Fig 3]
  • [Fig 4] sont des vues en perspective du système des figures 1 et 2,
  • [Fig 5] est une vue en perspective du système des figures 1 à 4 sur laquelle des pièces du système ont été masquées pour des raisons de compréhension,
  • [Fig 6] est une vue en coupe d'une tranchée en cours de creusage et de remblaiement par le système des figures 1 à 5,
  • [Fig 5] est une vue en perspective du système des figures 1 à 4 sur laquelle des pièces du système ont été masquées pour des raisons de compréhension,
  • [Fig 7] est une vue en perspective d'un système selon un deuxième exemple de réalisation, et
  • [Fig 8]
  • [Fig 9] sont des vues en coupe du système de la figure 7.
The present invention will be better understood on studying the detailed description of an embodiment, taken by way of non-limiting example and illustrated in the appended drawings, in which:
  • [ Fig 1 ]
  • [ Fig 2 ] are side views of a system for digging a trench, depositing elongated objects and backfilling the dug section according to a first embodiment,
  • [ Fig.3 ]
  • [ Fig 4 ] are perspective views of the system of figure 1 And 2 ,
  • [ Fig.5 ] is a perspective view of the system of figures 1 to 4 on which parts of the system have been hidden for reasons of understanding,
  • [ Fig 6 ] is a sectional view of a trench being dug and backfilled by the system of figures 1 to 5 ,
  • [ Fig.5 ] is a perspective view of the system of figures 1 to 4 on which parts of the system have been hidden for reasons of understanding,
  • [ Fig 7 ] is a perspective view of a system according to a second embodiment, and
  • [ Fig.8 ]
  • [ Fig.9 ] are sectional views of the system of the figure 7 .

Sur les figures 1 à 4 est représenté un système, référencé 10 dans son ensemble, qui est adapté au creusage d'une tranchée dans le sol, à la dépose d'objet allongés dans la tranchée creusée et au traitement interne des déblais générés. Dans l'exemple de réalisation, les objets allongés sont des tubes 11. En variante, il est possible de prévoir la dépose d'autres types d'objets allongés, par exemple des câbles électriques.On the figures 1 to 4 a system is shown, referenced 10 as a whole, which is suitable for digging a trench in the ground, for depositing elongated objects in the dug trench and for the internal treatment of the cuttings generated. In the exemplary embodiment, the elongated objects are tubes 11. As a variant, it is possible to provide for the removal of other types of elongated objects, for example electric cables.

Le système 10 est destiné à être accroché à l'arrière d'un engin motorisé pour permettre son avancement, par exemple un camion porteur.The system 10 is intended to be hooked to the rear of a motorized machine to allow its advancement, for example a carrier truck.

Dans la description qui suit, les directions « longitudinale », « transversale » et « verticale » sont définies en référence au repère orthonormal représenté sur la figure 3 qui comprend :

  • un axe longitudinal X, horizontal et dirigé de l'avant vers l'arrière du système 10,
  • un axe transversal Y, horizontal et perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal X, et
  • un axe vertical Z, orthogonal aux axes longitudinal et transversal X et Y et dirigé de bas en haut.
In the following description, the "longitudinal", "transverse" and "vertical" directions are defined with reference to the orthonormal reference shown on the picture 3 including :
  • a longitudinal axis X, horizontal and directed from the front to the rear of the system 10,
  • a transverse axis Y, horizontal and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X, and
  • a vertical axis Z, orthogonal to the longitudinal and transverse axes X and Y and directed from bottom to top.

Le système 10 comprend une roue trancheuse 12, un carter 14 enveloppant partiellement la roue trancheuse, et un talon 16 solidaire du carter 14 et disposé longitudinalement à l'arrière de la roue trancheuse 12.The system 10 comprises a slicing wheel 12, a casing 14 partially enveloping the slicing wheel, and a heel 16 integral with the casing 14 and arranged longitudinally at the rear of the slicing wheel 12.

De manière connue en soi, la roue trancheuse 12 est munie à sa périphérie d'organes de coupe 18, ici réalisés sous forme de dents rapportés. Alternativement, tout autre type de roue trancheuse comme des disques de tronçonnage et sciage pourrait être utilisé.In a manner known per se, the slicing wheel 12 is provided at its periphery with cutting members 18, here made in the form of added teeth. Alternatively, any other type of trenching wheel such as cutting and sawing discs could be used.

Dans l'exemple illustré, la roue trancheuse 12 est destinée à réaliser des tranchées étroites, par exemple de l'ordre de 10 à 20 cm, et de faible profondeur par exemple inférieure à 50 cm, notamment pour la pose de tubes tels que des câbles optiques, électriques, téléphoniques, etc. En variante, il est possible de prévoir une roue trancheuse dimensionnée de sorte à pourvoir réaliser des tranchées de dimensions différentes.In the example illustrated, the trenching wheel 12 is intended to make narrow trenches, for example of the order of 10 to 20 cm, and of shallow depth, for example less than 50 cm, in particular for laying tubes such as optical, electrical, telephone cables, etc. As a variant, it is possible to provide a trenching wheel dimensioned so as to be able to produce trenches of different dimensions.

La roue trancheuse 12 est mobile à rotation autour d'un axe 12a transversal. Le système 10 est équipé d'un organe d'entraînement 20 en rotation, tel qu'un motoréducteur, s'étendant dans le moyeu de la roue trancheuse 12.The slicing wheel 12 is rotatable about a transverse axis 12a. The system 10 is equipped with a drive member 20 in rotation, such as a geared motor, extending in the hub of the slicing wheel 12.

Le carter 14 de protection enveloppe une partie supérieure 12a (figure 5) de la roue trancheuse. Le carter 14 délimite intérieurement un logement 22 à l'intérieur duquel est située la partie supérieure 12a de la roue trancheuse. Une partie inférieure 12b de la roue trancheuse s'étend en saillie vers le bas hors du carter 14. En fonctionnement, la partie supérieure 12a de la roue trancheuse est située hors de la tranchée creusée et la partie inférieure 12b est située dans la tranchée.The protective casing 14 envelops an upper part 12a ( figure 5 ) of the trenching wheel. The casing 14 internally delimits a housing 22 inside which is located the upper part 12a of the slicing wheel. A lower part 12b of the trenching wheel projects downwardly from the housing 14. In operation, the upper part 12a of the trenching wheel is located outside the dug trench and the lower part 12b is located in the trench.

Le carter 14 présente une section verticale de forme générale en U renversé à l'intérieur de laquelle est située la partie supérieure 12a de la roue trancheuse.The housing 14 has a vertical section of general inverted U shape inside which is located the upper part 12a of the slicing wheel.

Le carter 14 est équipé, en partie inférieure, d'une semelle 24 périphérique destinée à venir en appui contre la surface du sol comme cela est représenté sur la figure 6. La semelle 24 s'étend transversalement. Le carter 14 est délimité dans le sens vertical par la semelle 24.The casing 14 is equipped, in the lower part, with a peripheral flange 24 intended to bear against the surface of the ground as shown on the figure 6 . The sole 24 extends transversely. The casing 14 is delimited in the vertical direction by the sole 24.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, le carter 14 comprend deux flasques 26, 28 latéraux espacés transversalement, et une bride 30 centrale sur laquelle sont fixés de part et d'autre les flasques. La semelle 24 est fixée sur les flasques 26, 28.In the embodiment illustrated, the housing 14 comprises two side flanges 26, 28 spaced apart transversely, and a central flange 30 to which the flanges are fixed on either side. The sole 24 is fixed on the flanges 26, 28.

Les flasques 26, 28 et la bride 30 délimitent conjointement le logement 22 interne du carter. La bride 30 présente une forme en demi-couronne. Les flasques 26, 28 délimitent le logement 22 dans le sens transversal. La bride 30 délimite le logement 22 dans le sens vertical. Le logement 22 est ouvert verticalement vers le bas pour permettre le passage de la roue trancheuse 12.The flanges 26, 28 and the flange 30 jointly delimit the internal housing 22 of the casing. The flange 30 has a half-crown shape. The flanges 26, 28 delimit the housing 22 in the transverse direction. The flange 30 delimits the housing 22 in the vertical direction. The housing 22 is open vertically downwards to allow passage of the slicing wheel 12.

Le logement 22 est également ouvert vers l'arrière du côté du talon 16. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, le carter 14 comprend également, en partie arrière, une platine 32 (figure 5) délimitant une ouverture 34 traversante pour permettre une communication entre le logement 22 interne du carter et le talon 16. L'ouverture 34 traverse l'épaisseur de la platine 32 dans le sens longitudinal. La platine 32 est fixée sur les flasques 26, 28 et la bride 30.The housing 22 is also open towards the rear on the side of the heel 16. In the illustrated embodiment, the housing 14 also comprises, in the rear part, a plate 32 ( figure 5 ) defining a through opening 34 to allow communication between the internal housing 22 of the housing and the heel 16. The opening 34 passes through the thickness of the plate 32 in the longitudinal direction. Plate 32 is fixed to flanges 26, 28 and flange 30.

Le système 10 comprend encore une patte 36 fixée sur le carter 14 pour permettre l'accrochage sur l'engin motorisé associé et sa manipulation. Le système 10 peut ainsi être manipulé pour régler notamment la profondeur de la tranchée à creuser ou passer dans une position relevée par rapport au sol. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la patte 36 est fixée sur un des flasques 26, 28 latéraux du carter. La patte 36 supporte également l'organe d'entraînement 20 de la roue trancheuse.The system 10 further comprises a lug 36 fixed to the casing 14 to allow attachment to the associated motorized vehicle and its handling. The system 10 can thus be manipulated to adjust in particular the depth of the trench to be dug or to pass into a raised position relative to the ground. In the illustrated embodiment, the lug 36 is fixed to one of the side flanges 26, 28 of the casing. The lug 36 also supports the drive member 20 of the slicing wheel.

Le talon 16 est disposé en partie à l'arrière du carter 14. Le talon 16 est fixé au carter 14. Comme cela est illustré à la figure 5, le talon 16 délimite intérieurement une première chambre 40 supérieure et une deuxième chambre 42 inférieure qui sont distinctes l'une de l'autre. Les chambres 40 supérieure et 42 inférieure sont séparées l'une de l'autre. Autrement dit, il n'y a pas de communication d'une chambre 40, 42 à l'autre. Les chambres 40, 42 sont situées verticalement l'une en dessous de l'autre.The heel 16 is arranged partly at the rear of the casing 14. The heel 16 is fixed to the casing 14. As shown in figure 5 , the heel 16 internally delimits a first upper chamber 40 and a second lower chamber 42 which are separate from each other. The upper 40 and lower 42 chambers are separated from each other. In other words, there is no communication from one room 40, 42 to another. The chambers 40, 42 are located vertically one below the other.

Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail par la suite, la chambre supérieure 40 est destinée à recevoir et évacuer les déblais générés lors du creusage de la tranchée. La chambre inférieure 42 est quant à elle destinée à recevoir les tubes 11 à poser au fond de cette tranchée. Sur les figures, les tubes 11 sont représentés que partiellement, en ce qui concerne leur longueur, pour des raisons de clarté.As will be described in more detail below, the upper chamber 40 is intended to receive and evacuate the cuttings generated during the digging of the trench. The lower chamber 42 is for its part intended to receive the tubes 11 to be laid at the bottom of this trench. In the figures, the tubes 11 are shown only partially, as regards their length, for reasons of clarity.

La chambre 40 supérieure est en communication avec le logement 22 interne du carter. La chambre 40 supérieure est en communication avec l'ouverture 34 traversante de la platine. Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail par la suite, la chambre 40 supérieure présente une ouverture d'entrée 44 traversante qui est en regard de cette ouverture 34 traversante. La chambre 40 supérieure est en communication avec le logement 22 interne du carter via l'ouverture d'entrée 44 située longitudinalement du côté de la roue trancheuse 12.The upper chamber 40 is in communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing. The upper chamber 40 is in communication with the through opening 34 of the plate. As this will be described in more detail later, the upper chamber 40 has a through inlet opening 44 which faces this through opening 34. The upper chamber 40 is in communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing via the inlet opening 44 located longitudinally on the side of the slicing wheel 12.

La chambre 40 supérieure présente également une ouverture de sortie 46 débouchante qui est située longitudinalement à l'opposé de la roue trancheuse 12 et de l'ouverture d'entrée 44. L'ouverture de sortie 46 est située à l'arrière du talon 16. L'ouverture de sortie 46 est orientée du côté opposé de la roue trancheuse 12, i.e. orientée vers l'arrière.The upper chamber 40 also has a through-out outlet opening 46 which is located longitudinally opposite the slicing wheel 12 and the inlet opening 44. The outlet opening 46 is located at the rear of the heel 16 The outlet opening 46 faces the opposite side of the trencher wheel 12, i.e. facing rearward.

La chambre 42 inférieure présente une ouverture d'entrée 48 latérale (figures 1 et 3) débouchant vers l'extérieur. L'ouverture d'entrée 48 est traversante. L'ouverture d'entrée 48 s'étend transversalement au travers de l'épaisseur du talon 16.The lower chamber 42 has a side entrance opening 48 ( figure 1 And 3 ) leading outwards. The entrance opening 48 is through. Inlet opening 48 extends transversely through the thickness of heel 16.

La chambre 42 inférieure présente également une ouverture de sortie 50 débouchante qui est située longitudinalement à l'opposé de la roue trancheuse 12. L'ouverture de sortie 50 est située à l'arrière du talon 16. L'ouverture de sortie 50 est orientée du côté opposé de la roue trancheuse 12, i.e. orientée vers l'arrière. L'ouverture de sortie 50 est située verticalement en-dessous et à l'aplomb de l'ouverture de sortie 46. En variante, il pourrait être possible de décaler longitudinalement l'une des ouvertures de sortie 46, 50 par rapport à l'autre en conservant toutefois une disposition de l'ouverture de sortie 50 verticalement au-dessus de l'ouverture de sortie 46.The lower chamber 42 also has an exit opening 50 which is located longitudinally opposite the slicing wheel 12. The exit opening 50 is located at the rear of the heel 16. The exit opening 50 is oriented on the opposite side of the trenching wheel 12, i.e. oriented towards the rear. The outlet opening 50 is located vertically below and plumb with the outlet opening 46. Alternatively, it could be possible to longitudinally offset one of the outlet openings 46, 50 with respect to the another, however, maintaining an arrangement of the outlet opening 50 vertically above the outlet opening 46.

Le talon 16 est équipé intérieurement d'une paroi 52 de compartimentage séparant à l'intérieur de celui-ci les chambres 40 supérieure et 42 inférieure. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la paroi 52 de compartimentage sépare aussi les ouvertures de sortie 46, 50. La paroi 52 de compartimentage est inclinée obliquement vers le bas et l'arrière. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la paroi 52 de compartimentage est rectiligne. La paroi 52 de compartimentage s'étend de l'avant à l'arrière du talon 16. La paroi 52 de compartimentage s'étend obliquement à partir de l'ouverture d'entrée 44.The heel 16 is internally equipped with a partitioning wall 52 separating inside thereof the upper 40 and lower 42 chambers. In the illustrated embodiment, the compartmentalization wall 52 also separates the outlet openings 46, 50. The compartmentalization wall 52 is inclined obliquely downwards and to the rear. In the illustrated embodiment, the partitioning wall 52 is rectilinear. The compartmentalization wall 52 extends from the front to the rear of the heel 16. The compartmentalization wall 52 extends obliquely from the entrance opening 44.

Le talon 16 comprend deux flasques 56, 58 latéraux espacés transversalement, et une bride 60 centrale sur laquelle sont fixés de part et d'autre les flasques. Le carter 14 est équipé, en partie inférieure, d'une semelle 62 destinée à venir en regard du fond de la tranchée comme cela est représenté sur la figure 6.The heel 16 comprises two side flanges 56, 58 spaced apart transversely, and a central flange 60 to which the flanges are fixed on either side. The casing 14 is equipped, in the lower part, with a sole 62 intended to come opposite the bottom of the trench as shown in the figure 6 .

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, le talon 16 comprend également, en partie avant, une platine 64 avant délimitant l'ouverture d'entrée 44 traversante de la chambre 40 supérieure. L'ouverture 44 traverse l'épaisseur de la platine 64 dans le sens longitudinal. L'ouverture d'entrée 44 est en regard de l'ouverture 34 traversante du carter pour obtenir la communication entre la chambre 40 supérieure et le logement 22 interne du carter. La platine 64 est fixée sur les flasques 56, 58 et la bride 60 du talon. La platine 64 est également fixée à la platine 32 du carter.In the illustrated embodiment, the heel 16 also comprises, in the front part, a front plate 64 delimiting the through inlet opening 44 of the upper chamber 40. The opening 44 passes through the thickness of the plate 64 in the longitudinal direction. The inlet opening 44 faces the through-opening 34 of the casing to obtain communication between the upper chamber 40 and the internal housing 22 of the casing. The plate 64 is fixed on the flanges 56, 58 and the flange 60 of the heel. The plate 64 is also fixed to the plate 32 of the housing.

Les flasques 56, 58 ainsi que la bride 60 et la paroi 52 de compartimentage du talon délimitent conjointement la chambre 40 supérieure du talon. Les flasques 56, 58 délimitent la chambre 40 dans le sens transversal. La bride 60 et la paroi 52 de compartimentage délimitent la chambre 40 dans le sens vertical. La platine 64 délimite dans le sens longitudinal la chambre 40 du côté avant. La chambre 40 est ouverte à l'arrière par l'intermédiaire de l'ouverture de sortie 46. La chambre 40 est ouverte à l'avant par l'intermédiaire de l'ouverture d'entrée 44. Le talon 16 est équipé d'une trappe 65 d'accès à la chambre 40 qui est montée de manière amovible sur la bride 60.The flanges 56, 58 as well as the flange 60 and the wall 52 for compartmentalizing the heel jointly delimit the upper chamber 40 of the heel. The flanges 56, 58 delimit the chamber 40 in the transverse direction. The flange 60 and the partitioning wall 52 delimit the chamber 40 in the vertical direction. The plate 64 delimits in the longitudinal direction the chamber 40 on the front side. Chamber 40 is open to the rear through outlet opening 46. Chamber 40 is open to the front through inlet opening 44. Heel 16 is equipped with a hatch 65 for access to the chamber 40 which is removably mounted on the flange 60.

Les flasques 56, 58 ainsi que la semelle 62 et la paroi 52 de compartimentage délimitent conjointement la chambre 42 inférieure. Les flasques 56, 58 délimitent la chambre 42 dans le sens transversal. La semelle 62 et la paroi 52 de compartimentage délimitent la chambre 42 dans le sens vertical. La chambre 42 est ouverte à l'arrière par l'intermédiaire de l'ouverture de sortie 50. La chambre 42 est fermée à l'avant.The flanges 56, 58 as well as the sole 62 and the partitioning wall 52 jointly delimit the lower chamber 42. The flanges 56, 58 delimit the chamber 42 in the transverse direction. The sole 62 and the partitioning wall 52 delimit the chamber 42 in the vertical direction. Chamber 42 is open at the rear via outlet opening 50. Chamber 42 is closed at the front.

Le talon 16 comprend également, en partie avant, une paroi 66 incurvée délimitant dans le sens longitudinal la chambre 42 du côté avant. La paroi 66 est fixée sur les flasques 56, 58 et la semelle 62 du talon. La paroi 66 est également fixée à la platine 64. La paroi 66 incurvée est située au voisinage de la roue trancheuse 12. Le rayon de courbure de la paroi 66 est adapté à celui de la roue trancheuse 12.The heel 16 also comprises, in the front part, a curved wall 66 delimiting in the longitudinal direction the chamber 42 on the front side. The wall 66 is fixed on the flanges 56, 58 and the sole 62 of the heel. The wall 66 is also fixed to the plate 64. The curved wall 66 is located in the vicinity of the slicing wheel 12. The radius of curvature of the wall 66 is adapted to that of the slicing wheel 12.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, le carter 14 comprend également une rampe 68 prolongeant obliquement vers le haut la paroi 52 de compartimentage du talon et s'étendant à l'intérieur du logement 22 interne dudit carter. La rampe 68 s'étend au-dessus de la roue trancheuse 12. La rampe 68 est prévue pour faciliter le passage des déblais du logement 22 interne du carter à la chambre 40 supérieure du talon lors de la rotation de la roue trancheuse 12. Pour le talon 16, uniquement la chambre 40 supérieure est en communication avec le logement 22 interne du carter. La chambre 42 inférieure du talon ne communique pas avec le logement 22.In the illustrated embodiment, the casing 14 also comprises a ramp 68 extending obliquely upwards the wall 52 for compartmentalizing the heel and extending inside the internal housing 22 of said casing. The ramp 68 extends above the trenching wheel 12. The ramp 68 is provided to facilitate the passage of the cuttings from the internal housing 22 of the housing to the upper chamber 40 of the heel during the rotation of the slicing wheel 12. For the heel 16, only the upper chamber 40 is in communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing. The lower chamber 42 of the heel does not communicate with the housing 22.

Le système 10 comprend encore des fourreaux 70 de guidage des tubes 11 à déposer dans la tranchée qui s'étendent à l'intérieur de la chambre 42 inférieure du talon. Les fourreaux 70 s'étendent ici en saillie vers l'extérieur au travers de l'ouverture d'entrée 48 du talon 16. L'ouverture d'entrée 48 est ménagée dans l'épaisseur du flasque 56 du talon. Chaque fourreau est destiné à recevoir un des tubes 11 à déposer dans la tranchée creusée.The system 10 further comprises sheaths 70 for guiding the tubes 11 to be deposited in the trench which extend inside the lower chamber 42 of the heel. The sheaths 70 here extend projecting outwards through the inlet opening 48 of the heel 16. The inlet opening 48 is made in the thickness of the flange 56 of the heel. Each sheath is intended to receive one of the tubes 11 to be placed in the dug trench.

Les fourreaux 70 s'étendent en direction de l'ouverture de sortie 50 de la chambre inférieure du talon. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, les fourreaux 70 sont situés en retrait de l'ouverture de sortie 50. En variante, les fourreaux pourraient affleurer avec l'ouverture de sortie 50, ou s'étendre en saillie vers l'extérieur par rapport à celle-ci. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, l'extrémité inférieure 52a de la paroi 52 de compartimentage est repliée vers le bas de sorte à guider les tubes 11. L'extrémité inférieure 52a de la paroi de compartimentage délimite l'ouverture de sortie 50.The sheaths 70 extend in the direction of the outlet opening 50 of the lower chamber of the heel. In the illustrated embodiment, the sheaths 70 are set back from the outlet opening 50. Alternatively, the sheaths could be flush with the outlet opening 50, or extend projecting outwardly relative to this one. In the illustrated embodiment, the lower end 52a of the compartmentalization wall 52 is folded downwards so as to guide the tubes 11. The lower end 52a of the compartmentalization wall delimits the outlet opening 50.

Pour le blocage en position des fourreaux 70, la paroi 52 de compartimentage est équipée d'une patte 72 venant en appui contre ceux-ci. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, les fourreaux 70 sont au nombre de trois. En variante, il est possible de prévoir un nombre inférieur ou supérieur de fourreaux.For locking the sheaths 70 in position, the partitioning wall 52 is equipped with a lug 72 bearing against them. In the illustrated embodiment, the sheaths 70 are three in number. As a variant, it is possible to provide a lower or higher number of sheaths.

Le système 10 comprend encore une trémie 80 fixée au carter 14 longitudinalement du côté opposé au talon 16. La trémie 80 est fixée à l'avant du carter 14. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la trémie 80 est fixée sur les flaques 26, 28 du carter.The system 10 further comprises a hopper 80 fixed to the casing 14 longitudinally on the side opposite the heel 16. The hopper 80 is fixed to the front of the casing 14. In the embodiment illustrated, the hopper 80 is fixed to the puddles 26 , 28 from the crankcase.

La trémie 80 délimite un réservoir 82 de liant. Comme cela sera décrit plus en détail par la suite, la trémie 80 est prévue pour l'alimentation ou distribution du liant dans le logement 22 interne du carter. Le liant peut par exemple être un liant hydraulique. Par « liant hydraulique », on entend un liant qui mélangé avec de l'eau forme une pâte qui fait prise et durcit. Le liant peut par exemple être du ciment ou encore de la chaux. Un colorant peut également être introduit à l'intérieur du réservoir 82 de la trémie.The hopper 80 delimits a reservoir 82 of binder. As will be described in more detail below, the hopper 80 is provided for the supply or distribution of the binder in the internal housing 22 of the housing. The binder can for example be a hydraulic binder. By “hydraulic binder”, is meant a binder which, mixed with water, forms a paste which sets and hardens. The binder can for example be cement or even lime. A dye can also be introduced inside the tank 82 of the hopper.

La trémie 80 est en communication fluidique avec le logement 22 interne du carter. Dans ce but, une ouverture d'entrée (non visible sur les figures) est prévue sur le carter 14 pour permettre une communication fluidique entre le logement 22 interne et le réservoir 82 de la trémie. L'ouverture d'entrée s'étend par exemple verticalement entre la semelle 24 et l'extrémité inférieure de la bride 30 du carter qui est décalée vers le haut par rapport à la semelle.The hopper 80 is in fluid communication with the internal housing 22 of the housing. For this purpose, an inlet opening (not visible in the figures) is provided on the housing 14 to allow fluid communication between the internal housing 22 and the reservoir 82 of the hopper. The inlet opening extends for example vertically between the sole 24 and the lower end of the flange 30 of the casing which is offset upwards with respect to the sole.

Le système 10 comprend également un volet d'obturation 84 de l'ouverture d'entrée du carter 14 qui est monté mobile entre une position fermée (illustrée sur les figures) dans laquelle aucune communication fluidique entre le logement 22 interne du carter et le réservoir 82 de la trémie n'est autorisée, et au moins une position ouverte autorisant cette communication. Le volet d'obturation 84 est monté coulissant verticalement entre la position fermée abaissée et la position ouverte relevée. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, le volet d'obturation 84 est monté à l'intérieur de la trémie. Alternativement, il pourrait être possible d'interposer le volet d'obturation 84 entre la trémie 80 et le carter 14. Le déplacement du volet d'obturation 84 peut être réalisé manuellement ou contrôlé électroniquement.The system 10 also comprises a closure flap 84 of the inlet opening of the casing 14 which is mounted to move between a closed position (illustrated in the figures) in which no fluid communication between the internal housing 22 of the casing and the reservoir 82 of the hopper is authorized, and at least one open position allowing this communication. The shutter 84 is mounted to slide vertically between the lowered closed position and the raised open position. In the illustrated embodiment, the shutter 84 is mounted inside the hopper. Alternatively, it could be possible to interpose the shutter 84 between the hopper 80 and the casing 14. The displacement of the shutter 84 can be carried out manually or controlled electronically.

Le système 10 comprend encore des injecteurs d'eau 90 aptes à injecter de l'eau dans la chambre 40 supérieure du talon. Les injecteurs d'eau 90 sont montés sur le talon 16, ici sur les flasques 56 et 58. Les injecteurs d'eau sont équipés de buses débouchant à l'intérieur de la chambre 40 supérieure du talon.The system 10 further comprises water injectors 90 capable of injecting water into the upper chamber 40 of the heel. The water injectors 90 are mounted on the heel 16, here on the flanges 56 and 58. The water injectors are equipped with nozzles opening inside the upper chamber 40 of the heel.

Le fonctionnement du système 10 va maintenant être décrit en référence à la figure 6.The operation of the system 10 will now be described with reference to the figure 6 .

Tout d'abord, le système 10 est attaché à l'arrière d'un engin porteur motorisé (non représenté) par l'intermédiaire de la patte 36. De manière connue en soi, les câbles ou tubes 11 qui sont à déposer à l'intérieur d'une tranchée à creuser sont portés par l'engin motorisé à l'aide de porte-touret. Chaque tube 11 est introduit à l'intérieur d'un des fourreaux 70 du système. La trémie 80 du système est également remplie avec du liant. La trémie 80 peut être alimentée en liant par l'intermédiaire d'un réservoir disposé sur l'engin porteur motorisé, et d'un conduit reliant la trémie au réservoir.First of all, the system 10 is attached to the rear of a motorized carrier (not shown) via the bracket 36. In a manner known per se, the cables or tubes 11 which are to be deposited at the inside a trench to be digged are carried by the motorized machine using reel carriers. Each tube 11 is introduced inside one of the sheaths 70 of the system. The hopper 80 of the system is also filled with binder. The hopper 80 can be supplied with binder via a tank arranged on the motorized carrier, and a conduit connecting the hopper to the tank.

Lorsque l'engin porteur motorisé se trouve dans la zone de travail, la phase de travail, et notamment le creusage, peut commencer. Ces opérations peuvent être commandées par radiocommande par un opérateur à l'aide d'une unité de commande pilotant le fonctionnement de la roue trancheuse 12 du système.When the motorized carrier machine is in the work area, the work phase, and in particular the digging, can begin. These operations can be controlled by radio control by a operator using a control unit controlling the operation of the slicing wheel 12 of the system.

Durant l'exécution de la tranchée, l'avance de l'engin porteur motorisé est adaptée à la réalisation de la tranchée. La tranchée T est exécutée avec la roue trancheuse 12 du système qui est positionnée avec son axe 12a de rotation orienté horizontalement comme cela est représenté sur la figure 6. A titre indicatif, la vitesse de rotation de la roue trancheuse 12 peut par exemple être comprise entre 50 et 150 tr/mn.During the execution of the trench, the advance of the motorized carrier machine is adapted to the realization of the trench. The trench T is executed with the trenching wheel 12 of the system which is positioned with its axis 12a of rotation oriented horizontally as shown in the figure 6 . As an indication, the speed of rotation of the slicing wheel 12 can for example be between 50 and 150 rpm.

Compte tenu de l'avancement de l'engin porteur et de la rotation de la roue trancheuse 12, les organes de coupe 18 creusent la tranchée T progressivement. Lors du creusage, la semelle 24 du carter est en appui contre le sol S et la semelle 62 du talon est en regard du fond de la tranchée T.Taking into account the progress of the carrier machine and the rotation of the trenching wheel 12, the cutting elements 18 gradually dig the trench T. During digging, the sole 24 of the casing bears against the ground S and the sole 62 of the heel is facing the bottom of the trench T.

Simultanément au creusage de la tranchée T, les tubes 11 sont déposés le long de la tranchée T au fond de celle-ci en étant guidés au préalable à l'intérieur des fourreaux 70 qui s'étendent eux-mêmes dans la chambre inférieure 42 du talon.Simultaneously with the digging of the trench T, the tubes 11 are deposited along the trench T at the bottom thereof, being guided beforehand inside the sheaths 70 which themselves extend into the lower chamber 42 of the heel.

Les déblais produits par le creusage de la tranchée T sont entraînés par la roue trancheuse 12 à l'intérieur du logement 22 interne du carter. En fonctionnement, le volet d'obturation 84 de la trémie est en position ouverte pour distribuer le liant à l'intérieur du logement 22. Le passage du volet d'obturation 84 vers la position ouverte est réalisée manuellement ou est commandée par l'unité de commande pilotant le fonctionnement de la roue trancheuse 12.The cuttings produced by the digging of the trench T are driven by the trenching wheel 12 inside the internal housing 22 of the casing. In operation, the closing flap 84 of the hopper is in the open position to distribute the binder inside the housing 22. The passage of the closing flap 84 towards the open position is carried out manually or is controlled by the unit control controlling the operation of the trenching wheel 12.

Les déblais mélangés au liant, référencés D-L sur la figure 6, sont entraînés par la roue trancheuse 12 à l'intérieur du logement 22 du carter et remontent le long de celui-ci jusqu'à atteindre la chambre supérieure 40 du talon. Les déblais mélangés au liant D-L glissent ensuite le long de la paroi de compartimentage 52 du talon avant d'être évacués au travers de l'ouverture de sortie 46.The cuttings mixed with the binder, referenced DL on the figure 6 , are driven by the slicing wheel 12 inside the housing 22 of the casing and go up along the latter until they reach the upper chamber 40 of the heel. The cuttings mixed with the binder DL then slide along the compartmentalization wall 52 of the heel before being evacuated through the outlet opening 46.

A la sortie de la chambre supérieure 40 du talon, les déblais mélangés au liant D-L recouvrent les tubes 11 déposés au fond de la tranchée T et comblent entièrement la tranchée. La totalité des déblais engendrés lors du creusage de la tranchée T sont ainsi réintroduits dans cette tranchée à l'arrière de la roue trancheuse 12 pour la combler.On leaving the upper chamber 40 of the heel, the cuttings mixed with the binder D-L cover the tubes 11 deposited at the bottom of the trench T and completely fill the trench. All of the cuttings generated during the digging of the trench T are thus reintroduced into this trench at the rear of the trenching wheel 12 to fill it.

L'ajout de liant permet de rendre plus résistants et plus durs les déblais produits par le creusage avant leur réintroduction à l'intérieur de la tranchée T. La quantité de liant à ajouter aux déblais produits dépend de la nature du sol S à creuser. La hauteur d'ouverture du volet d'obturation 84 est réglée selon la quantité de liant à ajouter. La quantité de liant à ajouter aux déblais produits peut aussi être adaptée en fonction de la vitesse d'avance de la roue trancheuse 12.The addition of binder makes it possible to make the cuttings produced by the excavation more resistant and harder before their reintroduction inside the trench T. The quantity of binder to be added to the cuttings produced depends on the nature of the soil S to be dug. The opening height of shutter 84 is adjusted according to the amount of binder to be added. The quantity of binder to be added to the cuttings produced can also be adapted according to the speed of advance of the trenching wheel 12.

Selon la nature du sol S dans lequel la tranchée T est réalisée, de l'eau peut aussi être introduite à l'intérieur de la chambre supérieure 40 du talon par les injecteurs d'eau 90. Le fonctionnement des injecteurs d'eau 90 peut être piloté par l'unité de commande pilotant également le fonctionnement de la roue trancheuse 12. La trémie 80 et les injecteurs d'eau 90 peuvent respectivement être alimentés en liant et en eau à partir de réservoirs transportés par l'engin porteur motorisé.Depending on the nature of the soil S in which the trench T is made, water can also be introduced inside the upper chamber 40 of the heel by the water injectors 90. The operation of the water injectors 90 can be controlled by the control unit also controlling the operation of the trenching wheel 12. The hopper 80 and the water injectors 90 can respectively be supplied with binder and water from tanks transported by the motorized carrier.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la trémie 80 permet une distribution de liant à l'intérieur du logement interne 22 du carter. Alternativement ou en combinaison, la trémie 80 pourrait distribuer le liant sur le sol S à creuser dans une zone adjacente au carter 14 à l'aplomb de ladite trémie et à l'avant de la roue trancheuse 12. Dans ce cas, le liant est épandu sur le sol S. Lors du creusage de la tranchée T, les déblais et le liant épandu sont aussi entraînés par la roue trancheuse 12 à l'intérieur du logement 22 interne du carter puis vers la chambre supérieure 40 du talon.In the illustrated embodiment, the hopper 80 allows a distribution of binder inside the internal housing 22 of the housing. Alternatively or in combination, the hopper 80 could distribute the binder on the ground S to be dug in an area adjacent to the casing 14 above said hopper and in front of the trenching wheel 12. In this case, the binder is spread on the ground S. During the digging of the trench T, the cuttings and the spread binder are also driven by the trenching wheel 12 inside the internal housing 22 of the casing then towards the upper chamber 40 of the heel.

Comme indiqué précédemment, dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, la trémie 80 permet une distribution de liant à l'intérieur du logement interne 22 du carter.As indicated previously, in the illustrated embodiment, the hopper 80 allows a distribution of binder inside the internal housing 22 of the housing.

Alternativement, il est possible de prévoir d'autres moyens pour permettre une distribution de liant. Par exemple, dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré à la figure 7, sur laquelle les éléments identiques portent les mêmes références, le système 10 comprend un moyen de distribution 100 qui comprend un châssis 102 fixé sur le carter 14 et un conduit d'alimentation 104 en liant débouchant dans le châssis. Le châssis 102 est fixé en partie supérieure du carter 14. Dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré, le châssis 102 est fixé sur la bride 30 du carter.Alternatively, it is possible to provide other means to allow binder distribution. For example, in the exemplary embodiment illustrated in figure 7 , on which the identical elements bear the same references, the system 10 comprises a distribution means 100 which comprises a frame 102 fixed to the casing 14 and a binder supply conduit 104 opening into the frame. The frame 102 is fixed to the upper part of the casing 14. In the illustrated embodiment, the frame 102 is fixed to the flange 30 of the casing.

Comme cela est visible à la figure 8, le châssis 102 délimite intérieurement une chambre 106 de dosage du liant. Cette chambre 106 est en communication fluidique avec le logement 22 interne du carter par l'intermédiaire d'une ouverture traversante (non visible) ménagée dans l'épaisseur de la bride 30 du carter.As is visible at the figure 8 , the frame 102 internally delimits a chamber 106 for metering the binder. This chamber 106 is in fluid communication with the internal housing 22 of the casing via a through opening (not visible) formed in the thickness of the flange 30 of the casing.

Le moyen de distribution 100 comprend également deux vis sans fin 108 (figure 9) disposées à l'intérieur du châssis 102 en étant orientée verticalement, une chaîne 110 pour l'entrainement en rotation des vis 108, et un moteur 112 d'entraînement relié à la chaine 110The distribution means 100 also comprises two endless screws 108 ( figure 9 ) arranged inside the frame 102 being oriented vertically, a chain 110 for driving the screws 108 in rotation, and a drive motor 112 connected to the chain 110

Les axes de rotation des vis sans fin 108 sont verticaux et parallèles. Les vis sans fin 108 sont disposées l'une par rapport à l'autre de sorte que l'hélice de l'une des vis s'engage en partie dans l'espace hélicoïdal laissé libre par l'hélice de l'autre des vis.The axes of rotation of the endless screws 108 are vertical and parallel. The endless screws 108 are arranged relative to each other so that the helix of one of the screws partially engages in the helical space left free by the helix of the other of the screws. .

En fonctionnement, le liant est amené à l'intérieur de la chambre 106 de dosage du châssis via le conduit d'alimentation 104 qui est relié à un réservoir de liant disposé par exemple sur l'engin porteur motorisé. La rotation des deux vis sans fin 108 permet de broyer les éventuels agglomérats de liant et de diriger le liant vers le logement 22 interne du carter à l'intérieur duquel le liant est mélangé avec les déblais générés qui sont entraînés par la roue trancheuse 12.In operation, the binder is brought inside the metering chamber 106 of the chassis via the supply duct 104 which is connected to a binder tank arranged for example on the motorized carrier. The rotation of the two endless screws 108 makes it possible to grind any agglomerates of binder and to direct the binder towards the internal housing 22 of the casing inside which the binder is mixed with the cuttings generated which are driven by the trenching wheel 12.

En variante, le moyen de distribution du système pourrait encore présenter d'autres conceptions. Le moyen de distribution pourrait par exemple comprend un ou des injecteurs de liant débouchant dans le logement interne du carter, ou encore une roue à aube entraînée en rotation et permettant l'injection de liant dans le logement interne du carter.As a variant, the distribution means of the system could still have other designs. The distribution means could for example comprise one or more binder injectors opening into the internal housing of the casing, or else a paddle wheel driven in rotation and allowing the injection of binder into the internal housing of the casing.

Comme indiqué précédemment, dans les exemples de réalisation illustré, le système comprend un moyen de distribution de liant. En variante, il est possible de prévoir, sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, un système dépourvu de moyen de distribution de liant.As indicated above, in the embodiments illustrated, the system comprises a binder dispensing means. As a variant, it is possible to provide, without departing from the scope of the invention, a system devoid of binder distribution means.

Claims (17)

  1. A system for digging at least one trench in the ground, for installing at least one elongate object and for filling in the dug trench, the system comprising:
    - a trenching wheel (12) and a casing (14) partially surrounding the trenching wheel, one portion of the trenching wheel projecting out of the casing and the other portion of the wheel being located inside an inner housing (22) of said casing,
    - a heel (16) secured to the casing (14), disposed at least partially at the rear of the trenching wheel (12) and internally delimiting at least one rubble collection chamber (40) in communication with the inner housing (22) of said casing and having at least one outlet opening (46),
    - the heel (16) comprising means (42, 70) for guiding said elongate object to be deposited provided with an inlet opening (48) and an outlet opening (50) for the passage of said elongate object which is offset vertically downward with respect to the outlet opening (46) of the collection chamber (40),
    - the heel (16) internally delimiting the collection chamber (40),
    the digging system being characterised in that the heel (16) internally delimits a guide chamber (42) of said elongate object to be deposited forming at least partially said guide means and provided with inlet (48) and outlet (50) openings.
  2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the collection chamber (40) forms an upper chamber of the heel and the guide chamber (42) forms a lower chamber of the heel, the inlet opening (48) of the guide chamber opening out laterally.
  3. The system according to claim 2, wherein the heel (16) internally comprises a partition wall (52) which separates the upper collection (40) and lower guide (42) chambers, and which is inclined obliquely downwards and rearwards.
  4. The system according to claim 3, wherein the casing (14) is equipped internally with a ramp (68) extending obliquely the partitioning wall (52) of the heel and extending inside the inner housing (22) of said casing.
  5. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heel (16) comprises at least one sleeve (70) for guiding said elongate object to be deposited which extends inside the guide chamber (42) in the direction from the outlet opening (50) of said chamber, and which projects throughout the inlet opening (48) .
  6. The system according to claim 5 dependent on claim 3 or 4, wherein the partition wall (52) of the heel is equipped with means (52a, 72) for blocking said guide sleeve (70).
  7. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the outlet opening (50) of the guide chamber (42) of the heel is located vertically below and above the outlet opening (46) of the collection chamber (40) .
  8. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one distribution means (80; 100) able to distribute at least one binder in the inner housing (22) of the casing and/or in the collection chamber (40) of the heel, and/or in an area adjacent to the casing (14) located in front of the trenching wheel (12).
  9. The system according to claim 8, wherein said binder distribution means (80; 100) is secured to the casing (14) and/or to the heel (16).
  10. The system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said binder distribution means (100) comprises a frame (102) delimiting a metering chamber (106) in communication with the inner housing (22) of the casing, of at least one worm screw (108) mounted vertically inside the metering chamber, and means (110, 112) for driving said worm screw in rotation.
  11. The system according to claim 8 or 9, wherein said binder distribution means (80) comprises a hopper adapted to receive the binder and in communication with the inner housing (22) of the casing, and/or with the collection chamber (40) of the heel, and/or able to pour the binder in said area adjacent to the casing (14) located in front of the trenching wheel (12).
  12. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the heel (16) is disposed at least partially at the rear of the casing (14).
  13. The method for digging at least one trench in the ground, for depositing at least one elongate object and for filling in the dug trench using a system according to any one of the preceding claims, comprising the following steps :
    - a first step of digging the trench using the trenching wheel,
    - a second step of depositing said elongate object inside the dug trench, and
    - a third step of covering said deposited elongate object and filling the dug trench, characterised in that the first, second and third steps are carried out simultaneously, and in that the third step of covering said elongate object and filling the dug trench is carried out with the rubble generated during the first digging step which are driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.
  14. The method according to claim 13, wherein the third step of covering said elongate object and filling the dug trench is carried out with the rubble generated during the first digging step and with at least one binder which is also driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.
  15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising a fourth step of injecting said binder inside a wheel casing of the trencher which is carried out simultaneously with the first, second and third steps.
  16. The method according to claim 14, further comprising a fourth step of spreading said binder on the ground to be dug in front of the trenching wheel which is carried out simultaneously with the first, second and third steps.
  17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16, further comprising a step of injecting water which is mixed with the rubble generated during the first digging step and driven by the rotation of the trenching wheel.
EP21205345.8A 2020-11-24 2021-10-28 System for digging trenches and installing elongate objects, in particular pipes or cables, with treatment of rubble Active EP4001515B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2012059A FR3116548B1 (en) 2020-11-24 2020-11-24 System for digging trenches and laying elongated objects, in particular pipes or cables, with treatment of spoil

Publications (3)

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EP4001515A1 EP4001515A1 (en) 2022-05-25
EP4001515B1 true EP4001515B1 (en) 2023-07-05
EP4001515C0 EP4001515C0 (en) 2023-07-05

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FR (2) FR3116548B1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116397709B (en) * 2023-06-02 2023-08-04 泰兴一建建设集团有限公司 Excavating machine and collapse-preventing ditching method

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3332249A (en) * 1965-01-22 1967-07-25 Challenge Cook Bros Inc Trench digging and refilling apparatus
US6981342B2 (en) * 2003-11-24 2006-01-03 Power Line Constructors, Inc. Screening laying box
EP2456925B1 (en) * 2009-07-23 2021-06-16 The Charles Machine Works Inc Trenching system
WO2012102659A1 (en) * 2011-01-26 2012-08-02 Husqvarna Ab A laying machine and a blade assembly
DE102014105577A1 (en) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 Novoter Ag Device and method and installation system for laying at least one strand in a floor surface
US10337168B2 (en) * 2016-06-02 2019-07-02 The Charles Machine Works, Inc. Trenching assembly

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Publication number Publication date
ES2955515T3 (en) 2023-12-04
EP4001515A1 (en) 2022-05-25
FR3116548B1 (en) 2023-01-06
FR3116548A1 (en) 2022-05-27
FR3116549A1 (en) 2022-05-27
EP4001515C0 (en) 2023-07-05
FR3116549B1 (en) 2022-10-14

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