EP3990159A1 - Humidificateur, dispositif de piles à combustible et véhicule doté d'un dispositif de piles à combustible - Google Patents

Humidificateur, dispositif de piles à combustible et véhicule doté d'un dispositif de piles à combustible

Info

Publication number
EP3990159A1
EP3990159A1 EP20774936.7A EP20774936A EP3990159A1 EP 3990159 A1 EP3990159 A1 EP 3990159A1 EP 20774936 A EP20774936 A EP 20774936A EP 3990159 A1 EP3990159 A1 EP 3990159A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
humidifier
flow field
fuel cell
flow
field plates
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20774936.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Hannes Scholz
Rune Staeck
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Audi AG
Original Assignee
Audi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Audi AG filed Critical Audi AG
Publication of EP3990159A1 publication Critical patent/EP3990159A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
    • B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
    • B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
    • B01D63/085—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes specially adapted for two fluids in mass exchange flow
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H01M8/04149—Humidifying by diffusion, e.g. making use of membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/08—Flow guidance means within the module or the apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/20—Fuel cells in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/04119—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants with simultaneous supply or evacuation of electrolyte; Humidifying or dehumidifying
    • H01M8/04126—Humidifying
    • H01M8/04141—Humidifying by water containing exhaust gases
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • Humidifier, fuel cell device and motor vehicle with a fuel cell device Humidifier, fuel cell device and motor vehicle with a fuel cell device
  • the invention relates to a humidifier with at least one humidifier module which is formed by two flow field plates. Each of the two flow field plates has a flow field on both sides.
  • the humidifier module is also formed by at least one membrane that is permeable to water or water vapor and separates the two flow field plates from one another.
  • the invention also relates to a fuel cell device and a motor vehicle.
  • Humidifiers are generally used in order to be able to effect a transfer of the moisture to the drier medium in the case of two gaseous media with a different moisture content.
  • Such gas / gas humidifiers are used in particular in fuel cell devices, in which air is compressed with the oxygen contained therein in the cathode circuit to supply the cathode spaces of the fuel cell stack, so that relatively warm and dry compressed air is present, the humidity of which is suitable for use in the fuel cell stacks for the membrane electrode unit is not sufficient.
  • the dry air provided by the compressor for the fuel cell stack is humidified by being guided past a membrane permeable to water vapor, the other side of which is coated with the moist exhaust air from the fuel cell stack.
  • the humidifier and the intercooler are large components that contribute to a large increase in the required construction space for a fuel cell device and the efficiency of the Restrict the fuel cell device because there are high thermal losses.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a humidifier with improved efficiency and an improved fuel cell device and an improved motor vehicle.
  • each of the flow field plates is reshaped in such a way that a plurality of openings are formed in the material of the flow field plates, the plurality of openings enabling fluid exchange from the flow field on one side of the plate with the flow field on the other side of the plate enable.
  • This configuration of the flow field plates is advantageous because it promotes moisture transfer both on one side of the plate and on the other side of the plate.
  • the flow field plates for fresh gas and for exhaust gas as Identical parts are formed, which lowers manufacturing costs and simplifies assembly.
  • a punch can be used to shape the plate blanks.
  • each of the openings is formed in a bulge protruding over a base plate of the flow field plates, and for a tip of the bulge to be supported on the membrane adjacent to it.
  • the opening in the curvature is aligned in a flow direction of the fluid and has a cross section corresponding to an elliptical segment.
  • the opening preferably has a cross section corresponding to a partial circle segment.
  • the pressure distribution of the gases / fluids over the flow field plates is optimized when the bulges are spaced apart from one another in a direction perpendicular to a direction of flow of the fluid between 220 micrometers and 250 micrometers.
  • the flow field plates are preferably made of an electrically non-conductive material, which means that materials that are lighter than metals can be used, which not only saves space but also saves weight for the humidifier.
  • the material of the flow field plates is made of a group is selected, comprising polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfone and polyamide, in particular PA66.
  • the humidifier according to the invention unfolds its full advantages when used in a fuel cell device according to the invention.
  • the advantages and advantageous configurations mentioned for the humidifier therefore apply equally to a fuel cell device equipped with such a humidifier.
  • the motor vehicle according to the invention with a fuel cell device according to the invention is characterized by a lighter structure and better utilization of the available installation space.
  • the advantages and advantageous configurations explained in connection with the humidifier according to the invention apply equally to the motor vehicle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a humidifier
  • FIG. 3 shows a perspective detailed view of a flow field plate
  • FIG. 4 shows a sectional view in the direction of flow in a detail of the flow field plate according to FIG. 3, and FIG. 5 shows a schematic sectional view of a humidifier, which also includes
  • a fuel cell device 1 is shown schematically in FIG. 1, this comprising a humidifier 2 for regulating the humidity of a plurality of fuel cells 4 combined in a fuel cell stack 3.
  • Each of the fuel cells 4 comprises an anode, a cathode and a proton-conductive membrane separating the anode from the cathode.
  • the membrane is formed from an ionomer, preferably a sulfonated polytetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE) or a polymer of perfluorinated sulfonic acid (PFSA).
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene polymer
  • PFSA perfluorinated sulfonic acid
  • the membrane can also be formed as a sulfonated Flydrocarbon membrane.
  • a catalyst can also be mixed with the anodes and / or the cathodes, the membranes preferably being provided on their first side and / or on their second side with a catalyst layer made of a noble metal or a mixture comprising noble metals such as platinum, palladium to, ruthenium or the like are coated, which serve as an accelerator in the reaction of the respective fuel cell 4.
  • the anode can be supplied with fuel (for example hydrogen) via an anode compartment.
  • fuel for example hydrogen
  • PEM fuel cell a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell
  • fuel or fuel molecules are split into protons and electrons at the anode.
  • the PEM lets the protons through, but is impermeable to the electrons.
  • the reaction takes place at the anode: 2H2 - 4H + + 4e (oxidation / electron release). While the protons pass through the PEM to the cathode, the electrons are conducted to the cathode or to an energy store via an external circuit.
  • the cathode gas (for example oxygen or air containing oxygen) can be fed to the cathode via a cathode compartment, so that the following reaction takes place on the cathode side: O2 + 4H + + 4e—> ⁇ 2H2O (reduction / electron uptake).
  • a sufficiently large amount of cathode gas must be made available so that a large cathode gas mass flow or fresh gas flow is provided by a compressor 5, which is due to the compression of the cathode gas Temperature increased significantly.
  • the conditioning of the cathode gas or the fresh air gas flow i.e. its setting with regard to the temperature and humidity desired in the fuel cell stack 3, takes place in a charge air cooler (not shown in detail) downstream of the compressor 5 and in the humidifier 2, which increases the humidity saturation of the membranes of the fuel cells 4 of their efficiency, as this favors the transport of protons.
  • the fuel cell stack 3 is fluid-mechanically connected to an anode supply line, so that fuel contained in the schematically illustrated fuel store 6 is fed to the fuel cell stack 3 can be fed.
  • a valve or a suction jet pump can be suitable for realizing the desired partial pressure of fresh fuel within an anode circuit 7, which comes about through the anode recirculation line 8. With such an anode recirculation line 8, the fuel not consumed in the fuel cell stack 3 can be fed again to the anode spaces upstream of the fuel cell stack 3, so that the anode recirculation line 8 opens into the anode feed line.
  • a separator 9 is presently integrated into the anode recirculation line 8. This is fluid-mechanically connected to the cathode side of the fuel cell device 1, so that the liquid occurring on the anode side is introduced, for example, into the cathode exhaust pipe 10 present downstream of the fuel cell stack 3 in order to drain the liquid out of the fuel cell device 1, for example.
  • the liquid from the separator 9 on the anode side can also open into a cathode feed line 11 upstream of the humidifier 2, so that the liquid is introduced into the fresh cathode gas there before it enters the humidifier 2.
  • the humidifier 2 can be designed to be smaller overall, since the fresh fresh gas, which is dry due to the compression by means of the compressor 5, then no longer needs to be humidified so much to ensure the required moisture content of the membranes in the fuel cell stack 3 . On the fresh gas side, this leads to humidification, so that less water transfer through the membrane 14 is required and therefore the membrane area and, as a result, the size of the humidifier 2 can be reduced.
  • the humidifier 2 is constructed as a planar humidifier with several humidifier modules 13, each of which is formed with a membrane 14 permeable to water vapor and two flow field plates 23, 24 enclosing the membrane 14 between them.
  • Each of the flow field plates 23, 24 has a flow field 16, 17 on both sides.
  • the flow field plates 23, 24 are formed from an electrically non-conductive material which is selected from the group comprising polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfone and polyamide, in particular PA66.
  • each of the openings 12 is formed in a bulge 18 protruding over a base plate 15 of the flow field plates 23, 24.
  • the tips 19 of the bulges 18 are then supported in the humidifier module 13 on the membrane 14 adjacent to it.
  • the bulges 18 themselves have an extension that increases in the flow direction of the fluid relative to the base plate 15, in particular linearly.
  • the bulges 18 are typically spaced apart from one another in a direction oriented perpendicularly with respect to a direction of flow of the fluid between 220 micrometers and 250 micrometers.
  • FIG. 4 shows the shape of the openings 12, which are delimited laterally and upwards by the curvature 18 and downwards by the base plate 15. It can be seen here that the opening 12 in the curvature 18 is oriented in the direction of flow of the fluid and has a cross section corresponding to an elliptical segment. There is even the special case of an elliptical segment which is formed as a segment of a circle.
  • FIG. 5 refers to the possibility that the humidifier modules 13 are separated from one another by a separator plate 20, each of the flow field plates 23, 24 then resting and supported with one side of the plate on the membrane 14 and the other side of the plate on the separator plate 20 is.
  • the separator plate 20 is impermeable to liquid What water and water vapor.
  • a countercurrent flow for the humidifier modules 13 is shown, the fresh gas 28 in the present case flowing from left to right and the exhaust gas 29 flowing from right to left.
  • direct, cross or cross countercurrent flow can also be implemented.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un humidificateur comprenant au moins un module humidificateur (13) formé par deux plaques de champ d'écoulement (16, 17) avec des champs d'écoulement formés à l'intérieur, chacun ayant des canaux d'écoulement séparés par des bandes de champ d'écoulement (22) et séparées par au moins une membrane (14), comprenant également des canaux collecteurs (26) formées dans les plaques de champ d'écoulement pour alimenter et évacuer les champs d'écoulement (16, 17), les canaux collecteurs (26) s'étendant sur toute la largeur des champs d'écoulement, et au moins le canal collecteur (26) pour un gaz (28) étant traversé par des tunnels (27) pour l'autre gaz (29). L'invention concerne en outre un dispositif de pile à combustible (1) et un véhicule automobile.
EP20774936.7A 2019-09-30 2020-09-16 Humidificateur, dispositif de piles à combustible et véhicule doté d'un dispositif de piles à combustible Pending EP3990159A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019126304.2A DE102019126304A1 (de) 2019-09-30 2019-09-30 Befeuchter, Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung sowie Kraftfahrzeug mit einer Brennstoffzellenvorrichtung
PCT/EP2020/075809 WO2021063677A1 (fr) 2019-09-30 2020-09-16 Humidificateur, dispositif de piles à combustible et véhicule doté d'un dispositif de piles à combustible

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3990159A1 true EP3990159A1 (fr) 2022-05-04

Family

ID=72560576

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20774936.7A Pending EP3990159A1 (fr) 2019-09-30 2020-09-16 Humidificateur, dispositif de piles à combustible et véhicule doté d'un dispositif de piles à combustible

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3990159A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102019126304A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021063677A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4516229B2 (ja) * 2001-03-06 2010-08-04 本田技研工業株式会社 固体高分子型セルアセンブリ
US7585355B2 (en) * 2004-02-10 2009-09-08 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Temperature/humidity exchanger
DE102005025643A1 (de) * 2004-06-15 2006-01-12 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Reaktionsgasbefeuchtungsvorrichtung und Reaktionsgasbefeuchtungsverfahren
US9735438B2 (en) * 2011-01-13 2017-08-15 Dana Canada Corporation Humidifier for fuel cell systems
US8919746B2 (en) * 2011-01-13 2014-12-30 Dana Canada Corporation Humidifier for fuel cell systems
DE102012014723A1 (de) 2012-07-25 2014-05-15 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Befeuchtungseinrichtung zur Befeuchtung von Prozessgasen sowie Brennstoffzellenanordnung umfassend eine solche
FR3024533B1 (fr) 2014-07-31 2016-08-26 Commissariat Energie Atomique Echangeur enthalpique ameliore
US10306468B2 (en) 2016-06-29 2019-05-28 T-Mobile Usa, Inc. Internet protocol multimedia system session resurrection
DE202016105307U1 (de) * 2016-09-23 2018-01-09 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Strömungsplatte für einen Befeuchter
DE202016105311U1 (de) * 2016-09-23 2018-01-09 Reinz-Dichtungs-Gmbh Strömungsplatte für einen Befeuchter

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2021063677A1 (fr) 2021-04-08
DE102019126304A1 (de) 2021-04-01

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