EP3982439A1 - Procédé de fabrication de cellules de batterie, utilisation d'un détergent et cellule de batterie - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de cellules de batterie, utilisation d'un détergent et cellule de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3982439A1
EP3982439A1 EP21199827.3A EP21199827A EP3982439A1 EP 3982439 A1 EP3982439 A1 EP 3982439A1 EP 21199827 A EP21199827 A EP 21199827A EP 3982439 A1 EP3982439 A1 EP 3982439A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
carbonate
battery cell
cleaning
cell
stack
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP21199827.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tim Dagger
Johannes SICKLINGER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP3982439A1 publication Critical patent/EP3982439A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
    • H01M10/0413—Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
    • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
    • H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
    • H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
    • H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
    • H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for producing battery cells, the use of a cleaning agent during production, and a battery cell itself, in particular a battery cell for a motor vehicle.
  • battery cells have at least three layers. These are a negative electrode, a positive electrode and a separator.
  • a separator has the task of electrically and mechanically separating the electrodes from one another.
  • the quality of the layers used in lithium-ion cells and lithium-polymer cells is of particular importance.
  • Lithium-ion cells are sensitive to contamination. For example, LiOH (Lithium Hydroxide) leads to a demonstrable and significant deterioration in the performance and lifespan of a battery cell.
  • the cathode ie the negative electrode
  • the cathode is usually in the form of a so-called insertion electrode. It means that the cathode contains the active material inside in such a way that it is ready for electrochemical exchange with the electrolyte during charging and discharging of the battery cell.
  • the anode is usually a graphite-based insertion electrode, inside which metal ions are absorbed when the battery cell is charged.
  • impurities such as LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , NiCO 3 and Ni(OH) 2 can occur, for example, which are formed when the cathode active material has had exposure to water prior to eventual sealing of the cell. In this case, it is already completely sufficient if small traces of water come into contact with the cathode.
  • the impurities listed above favor side reactions of the cathode active material with the electrolyte. If side reactions occur, Electrolyte are decomposed and form electrolyte decomposition products in the cell. The resulting electrolyte decomposition products result in poorer cell performance and service life.
  • Another approach is to process nickel-rich cathodes in a drying room to avoid exposure of the cathode to water at every step of the process.
  • this is a very expensive approach.
  • a method for producing an electrochemical battery cell in which hydroxide ions are removed from the surface of an electrode in order to optimize it.
  • a cleaning agent that contains a first cleaning component that reacts with hydroxide ions is brought into contact with the electrode in such a way that hydroxide ions bound to it are released from the electrode surface by reaction with the first cleaning component. Then the components of the cleaning agent or the reaction products that could disrupt the function of the cell must then be removed from the electrode. While the known method can achieve the required cleaning effect, it is complex, slow and expensive in practical application.
  • the aim is to create a manufacturing process that is as continuous as possible by feeding the materials required for the battery cell as continuously as possible.
  • continuously means either that the material is supplied step by step at an essentially constant speed or with short cycle times. The cycle times are then in the range of a few seconds up to 5 minutes.
  • first and second materials can be combined to form a partial stack in step b). More than two materials can preferably also be brought together in this case. For example, a combination of three, four or five or more (different) materials is conceivable.
  • partial stacks can be produced, for example, in which a cathode, a separator and an anode are connected to one another in a three-layer arrangement are combined.
  • a four-layer arrangement can have, for example, the combination of separator, anode, separator and cathode.
  • a five-layer arrangement can also be implemented, in which a separator, an anode, a separator, a cathode and yet another separator are combined to form a partial stack.
  • step c) the partial stacks produced in this way are arranged one on top of the other to form a cell stack.
  • at least the first material i.e. at least one of the materials used, in particular the material of the cathode
  • the at least first material can also preferably be cleaned in an automated manner.
  • the steps of the present method can thus be carried out as part of a rational and inexpensive automated manufacturing process. This makes it possible to produce battery cells that are cost-effective on the one hand and do not have any performance losses due to contamination on the other.
  • the entire and at least one-stage cleaning process can be provided and executed in a cleaning device as an integral part of the manufacturing process. Alternatively, multi-stage cleaning processes can also be carried out in this way.
  • the presence of water during the process of manufacturing the battery cell leads to the formation of impurities that are then cleaned off before the battery cell is completed.
  • the great effort required to prevent the presence of water during the battery cell manufacturing process can thus be reduced or eliminated in the future.
  • the temporary formation of contamination is at least partially tolerated in order to then clean off any contamination that may have occurred before the battery cell is completed.
  • Steps a) to d) can be carried out at least once in the order a), b), c) and d) given here. It is possible for these steps to be carried out at different times and/or at least partially in a temporally overlapping manner, in which case the steps may also be carried out at different locations. Step d) can be carried out once or multiple times at different points in time. In particular, step d) can also be carried out at the same time as one or more of the other steps a) to c).
  • the first material comprises an active material for a cathode (cathode material). It has been shown that contamination occurs in particular on the cathodes, which has a negative effect on the performance of the battery cell, for example with regard to the charge capacity and the possible charging and discharging currents. This can be reduced or avoided or eliminated by the now proposed electrode washing in the cell production process.
  • the second material comprises a separator medium (separator material) and a fourth material comprises an active material for an anode (anode material).
  • a separator medium separator material
  • anode material an active material for an anode
  • step d the impurities typical of the respective material are preferably removed. It has been shown that the different materials also tend to form different types of contamination. This depends on various factors. During the cleaning, which takes place in step d), the cleaning process is then individually adapted to the different contaminants in each case in order to achieve an optimal cleaning effect.
  • the individual material can be cleaned in a cleaning bath in step d). If necessary, subsequent processes can follow, which preferably take place under dry conditions. This can be, for example, a sequence of cleaning baths, physical treatments or drying processes.
  • the cell stack in step c) in particular can also be additionally enclosed with a shell and step d) can be carried out inside this shell.
  • This can prevent the cell stack from coming into contact with moisture or other substances again after cleaning.
  • drying is carried out in a step e) that follows step d).
  • the drying can take place, for example, by means of compressed air, hot air or other heat input.
  • it is important to ensure that drying takes place in a short time in order to ensure automated production of the battery cell at high production speeds.
  • step d) LiOH, Li 2 CO 3 , NiCO 3 and Ni(OH) 2 .
  • These impurities are particularly common in lithium-ion battery cells.
  • a cleaning agent is used that contains at least ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or Contains ethyl propyl carbonate.
  • EC ethylene carbonate
  • EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
  • DEC diethyl carbonate
  • DMC dimethyl carbonate
  • PC propylene carbonate
  • butylene carbonate dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or Contains ethyl propyl carbonate.
  • a cleaning agent comprising at least one of the following components: ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), propylene carbonate (PC), butylene carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate or ethyl propyl carbonate to reduce lithium hydroxide the production of electrodes or in the production of a lithium-ion battery cell.
  • a battery cell that has been manufactured according to the present disclosure has the advantage that on the one hand it can be produced inexpensively and on the other hand it has no performance losses due to contamination.
  • the amount of LiOH remaining after cleaning is less than or equal to 0.1 percent by weight [wt%] based on the active material.
  • the avoidance of performance losses also has a positive effect when operating a motor vehicle that is equipped with at least one battery cell manufactured according to the present invention.
  • first primarily (only) serve to distinguish between several similar objects, sizes or processes, i.e. in particular no dependency and/or sequence of these objects, sizes or make processes mandatory for each other. Should a dependency and/or order be necessary, this is explicitly stated here or it is obvious to the person skilled in the art when studying the specifically described embodiment.
  • an apparatus 1 is shown with which the present invention can be implemented.
  • Four materials 2, 3, 4, 5 are fed to the device 1 from the left-hand side.
  • the device 1 is designed to produce a partial stack 6 which has a four-layer structure.
  • the second material 2 and the third material 3 are each designed as a separator 7 .
  • the first material 5 is in the form of a cathode 8 and the fourth material 4 is in the form of an anode 9 . While the materials 2, 3, 4, 5 pass through the device 1, they pass through sections I) to VI).
  • Section I shows the feeding of the materials 2, 3, 4, 5.
  • the second material 2 and the fourth material 4 are combined to form a first partial stack 10 . Furthermore, the third material 3 and the first material 5 are combined to form a second partial stack 11 .
  • the subsequent section III shows the merging of the first sub-stack 10 with the second sub-stack 11 to form the finished sub-stack 6.
  • section IV the sub-stack 6 that has been manufactured in an endless manner up to that point is cut to the required length by means of a cutting device 12 .
  • section V several sub-stacks 6 are then arranged one on top of the other in a magazine 13 to form a cell stack 14 .
  • This cell stack is then connected to form a cell stack 16 and then in section VI) is tightly enclosed by a shell 15, as a result of which a battery cell 18 is formed.
  • the cleaning proposed by the present invention can take place in the course of the production process at almost any point during sections I) to VI) and in a wide variety of forms using cleaning devices 17 .
  • FIG 1 possible positions of these cleaning devices 17 within the device 1 are shown by means of the triangles. At these positions, for example, cleaning can be carried out using the cleaning device 17 .
  • the cleaning device 17 is preferably designed such that the material to be cleaned 2,3,4,5, the first or second partial stack 10,11, the finished partial stack 6, the cell stack 14 or the cell stack 16 represent the elements to be cleaned. For this purpose, these elements are washed in a solution.
  • This solution can be, for example, an EC/EMC wash solution.
  • the elements to be cleaned can be immersed in the washing solution and then dried.
  • the cleaning device 17 can also be designed in such a way that the elements to be cleaned pass through several sequentially arranged solvent baths. The cleaning procedure carried out by the cleaning device 17 removes impurities such as LiOH (lithium hydroxide) from the elements to be cleaned and consequently also from the battery cell 18 produced from them.
  • the cleaning device 17 shown in section VI) can also be designed so that the EC/EMC washing solution is first introduced into the shell 15 using an electrolyte filling system that is not shown in detail and then sucked out again, with the cell stack 16 located in the shell 15 being impurities is cleaned. If necessary, this process can also be repeated several times, preferably in an automated manner. It is particularly advantageous if this type of cleaning is carried out locally in a drying room, since renewed contact with moisture can be prevented particularly effectively here.
  • an electrical potential can be applied to the element to be cleaned during the cleaning process, or a lithium salt can be dissolved in the cleaning agent used.
  • the use of a dissolved lithium salt in the cleaning solution and the use of a dissolved lithium salt in the cleaning solution in combination with the application of an electrical potential can contribute to the (pre-)formation of the cell.
  • the cleaning is already combined with the formation, which represents a procedural time and cost advantage. It also removes cleaning solution/electrolyte degradation products from the cell's system during cleaning/preforming. This leads to the reduction of parasitic reaction components in the cell. This increases cycle efficiency and service life.
  • a further possibility for cleaning consists in providing for electrode washing of the cathode 8 .
  • This can be done as a downstream process step of drying after a coating with an active material has taken place and upstream of the process step of electrode stacking, i. H. arranging partial stacks 6 one on top of the other.
  • Steps I) to IV) in which the materials 2,3,4,5 are still present in the form of an electrode web or an electrode sheet of endless length, are particularly suitable for this.
  • Contamination that has already formed can be reliably removed by the present invention.
  • a complex and not one hundred percent reliable moisture regulation within the extensive production line can be omitted, which means that considerable costs can be saved.
  • the 2 finally shows a vehicle 19 with a battery system 20 that includes a plurality of battery cells 18 .
  • the battery system 20 provides electrical energy to a controller 21 which, when required, delivers this energy to an electric motor 22 which generates a driving force.
  • the driving force in turn is then passed on to wheels 24 via a transmission 23 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
EP21199827.3A 2020-10-07 2021-09-29 Procédé de fabrication de cellules de batterie, utilisation d'un détergent et cellule de batterie Pending EP3982439A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020126296.5A DE102020126296A1 (de) 2020-10-07 2020-10-07 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Batteriezellen, Verwendung eines Reinigungsmittels und Batteriezelle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3982439A1 true EP3982439A1 (fr) 2022-04-13

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21199827.3A Pending EP3982439A1 (fr) 2020-10-07 2021-09-29 Procédé de fabrication de cellules de batterie, utilisation d'un détergent et cellule de batterie

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Country Link
EP (1) EP3982439A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN114300724A (fr)
DE (1) DE102020126296A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102022205073A1 (de) 2022-05-20 2023-11-23 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren zur Fertigung einer Batteriezelle

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102010055402A1 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Herstellung elektrischer Zellen für elektrochemische Energiespeichervorrichtungen
JP2017033882A (ja) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 非水電解液二次電池の製造方法
EP1665447B1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2017-04-12 Alevo International S.A. Element de batterie electrochimique
DE102015223610A1 (de) * 2015-11-27 2017-06-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Neue Vorbehandlungsmethode für Aktivmaterialien für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
US20170331156A1 (en) * 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assemblies and methods of making
US20190027736A1 (en) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Preformed silicon-based negative electrode and method for its manufacture
US20190356014A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2019-11-21 Maxell Holdings, Ltd. A lithium ion secondary battery and a method for producing the same

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005129480A (ja) 2003-02-28 2005-05-19 Toray Ind Inc ポリフェニレンスルフィド多孔質フィルム
US20110039155A1 (en) * 2009-01-16 2011-02-17 Masaki Deguchi Method for producing positive electrode for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery
JP5622525B2 (ja) * 2010-10-29 2014-11-12 株式会社日立製作所 リチウムイオン二次電池
JP5544342B2 (ja) * 2011-09-21 2014-07-09 株式会社日立製作所 リチウムイオン二次電池

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1665447B1 (fr) 2003-09-23 2017-04-12 Alevo International S.A. Element de batterie electrochimique
DE102010055402A1 (de) * 2010-12-21 2012-06-21 Li-Tec Battery Gmbh Verfahren und System zur Herstellung elektrischer Zellen für elektrochemische Energiespeichervorrichtungen
JP2017033882A (ja) * 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 非水電解液二次電池の製造方法
DE102015223610A1 (de) * 2015-11-27 2017-06-01 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Neue Vorbehandlungsmethode für Aktivmaterialien für Lithium-Ionen-Batterien
US20170331156A1 (en) * 2016-05-10 2017-11-16 Polyplus Battery Company Solid-state laminate electrode assemblies and methods of making
US20190356014A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2019-11-21 Maxell Holdings, Ltd. A lithium ion secondary battery and a method for producing the same
US20190027736A1 (en) * 2017-07-24 2019-01-24 Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft Preformed silicon-based negative electrode and method for its manufacture

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Publication number Publication date
CN114300724A (zh) 2022-04-08
DE102020126296A1 (de) 2022-04-07

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