EP3976533A1 - Verfahren zur herstellung von trichlorsilan mit strukturoptimierten silicium-partikeln - Google Patents
Verfahren zur herstellung von trichlorsilan mit strukturoptimierten silicium-partikelnInfo
- Publication number
- EP3976533A1 EP3976533A1 EP19728926.7A EP19728926A EP3976533A1 EP 3976533 A1 EP3976533 A1 EP 3976533A1 EP 19728926 A EP19728926 A EP 19728926A EP 3976533 A1 EP3976533 A1 EP 3976533A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- silicon
- grain
- particles
- fluidized bed
- mass
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH](Cl)Cl ZDHXKXAHOVTTAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000005052 trichlorosilane Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000011856 silicon-based particle Substances 0.000 title description 15
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 66
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorosilane Chemical class Cl[SiH3] KOPOQZFJUQMUML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000005046 Chlorosilane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012495 reaction gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 51
- 229910003902 SiCl 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 16
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910021420 polycrystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(4-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]aniline Chemical compound C1=CC(OC)=CC=C1N1CCN(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)CC1 VXEGSRKPIUDPQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000005049 silicon tetrachloride Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- YGZSVWMBUCGDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(methyl)silane Chemical class C[SiH2]Cl YGZSVWMBUCGDCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007038 hydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004817 gas chromatography Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229920005591 polysilicon Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- GCAXGCSCRRVVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3,4,4-tetrachlorothiolane 1,1-dioxide Chemical compound ClC1(Cl)CS(=O)(=O)CC1(Cl)Cl GCAXGCSCRRVVLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052785 arsenic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001479 atomic absorption spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloromethane Chemical compound ClC NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorosilane Chemical compound Cl[SiH2]Cl MROCJMGDEKINLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000001367 organochlorosilanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052714 tellurium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910021591 Copper(I) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021592 Copper(II) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004566 IR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001069 Raman spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003910 SiCl4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013590 bulk material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012159 carrier gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VNJCDDZVNHPVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro(ethyl)silane Chemical class CC[SiH2]Cl VNJCDDZVNHPVNM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(I) chloride Chemical compound [Cu]Cl OXBLHERUFWYNTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) chloride Chemical compound Cl[Cu]Cl ORTQZVOHEJQUHG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000012043 crude product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012921 fluorescence analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001095 inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002354 inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000034958 pharyngeal pumping Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Si](Cl)(Cl)Cl FDNAPBUWERUEDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012798 spherical particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002459 sustained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/08—Compounds containing halogen
- C01B33/107—Halogenated silanes
- C01B33/1071—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof
- C01B33/10742—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof prepared by hydrochlorination of silicon or of a silicon-containing material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/08—Compounds containing halogen
- C01B33/107—Halogenated silanes
- C01B33/1071—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof
- C01B33/10742—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof prepared by hydrochlorination of silicon or of a silicon-containing material
- C01B33/10757—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof prepared by hydrochlorination of silicon or of a silicon-containing material with the preferential formation of trichlorosilane
- C01B33/10763—Tetrachloride, trichlorosilane or silicochloroform, dichlorosilane, monochlorosilane or mixtures thereof prepared by hydrochlorination of silicon or of a silicon-containing material with the preferential formation of trichlorosilane from silicon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing
- the starting material for the production of chips or solar cells is usually made by decomposing its volatile
- Halogen compounds especially trichlorosilane (TCS, HSiCls).
- Polycrystalline silicon can by means of the
- Siemens process can be produced in the form of rods, with polysilicon being deposited in a reactor on heated filament rods.
- the process gas is usually a
- polysilicon granules can be produced in a fluidized bed reactor. Silicon particles are thereby produced using a
- Gas flow fluidized in a fluidized bed which is heated to high temperatures by a heating device.
- a silicon-containing reaction gas such as TCS
- a pyrolysis reaction takes place on the hot particle surface, causing the particles to grow in diameter.
- WO2016 / 198264A1 is based on the following reactions:
- chlorosilanes can be made from silicon (usually metallurgical silicon Si mg ) with the addition of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in one
- TCS and STC silicon tetrachloride
- the low temperature conversion (NTK) according to reaction (2) is a weakly endothermic process and is usually used in
- the NTK can take place in a fluidized bed reactor in the presence of Si mg under high pressure (0.5 to 5 MPa) at temperatures between 400 and 700 ° C.
- An uncatalyzed reaction procedure is under
- the high temperature conversion according to reaction (3) is an endothermic process. This process usually takes place in a reactor under high pressure at temperatures between 600 and 1200 ° C.
- the requirements placed on silicon in terms of chemical composition and particle size have been studied relatively well
- DE4303766 A1 discloses a process for producing methylchlorosilanes from silicon and chloromethane in the presence of a copper catalyst and, if appropriate, a promoter
- Methylchlorosilanes based on the surface of the silicon used are controlled by the structure of the silicon, the method being characterized in that the
- Structural code QF is selected, the structural code QF being determined by
- Methylchlorosilanes in the desired direction refers to the size of the crystals of the polycrystalline silicon and the composition and storage of the intermetallic phases that arise in the course of cooling and solidification in the manufacturing process
- Main impurities for example Al, Ca, Fe, Ti, with
- the structure code QF can be used for
- Trichlorosilane by reacting silicon powder with HCl gas in a fluidized bed reactor between 280 and 300 ° C, characterized by the use of a silicon powder obtained by gas atomization of molten silicon.
- the silicon powder preferably has in this process
- Fluidized bed reactors specifically fine-grain fractions of the
- Kremniiorganich. Soed. 1988, 27-35 a working grain for silicon from 70 to 500 ⁇ m, with 70 ⁇ m being the minimum and 500 ⁇ m being the maximum grain size (grain size limits or range limits) and the numerical values being equivalent diameter.
- Lobusevich et al. state that when selecting the contact mass grain size for the synthesis of methylchlorosilanes, ethylchlorosilanes and TCS, the interaction between solid and gas must be taken into account in order to achieve maximum stability and efficiency of the process.
- reaction with silicon particles of the working fraction of 2 to 3 mm already takes place at 250 ° C.
- the reaction rate corresponds to the uncatalyzed variant at 400 ° C.
- both for the catalyzed and for the uncatalyzed variant - increasing the silicon particle size leads to increased TCS selectivity and reduced formation of poly (chloro) silanes (high boilers).
- the present invention was based on the object of providing a particularly economical process for producing chlorosilane via HC.
- the invention relates to a process for the preparation of chlorosilanes which are selected from the general formulas 1 and 2
- n 0 to 3
- n mean values from 0 to 4,
- Grain mixture means that is introduced into the fluidized bed reactor, contains at least 1% by mass of silicon-containing particles S, which by a structural parameter S
- the TCS selectivity increases. This is because, according to the invention, the particles S with a structure parameter S of> 0 preferably have lower mean particle sizes than those particles with a
- “Granulation” is understood to mean a mixture of silicon-containing particles, which are produced, for example, by atomizing or granulating silicon-containing melts and / or by comminuting lumpy silicon
- the lumpy silicon can preferably have an average particle size of> 10 mm, particularly preferably> 20 mm, in particular> 50 mm
- Grain sizes can essentially be classified into fractions by sieving and / or sifting.
- a mixture of different grain sizes can be referred to as a grain mixture and the grains of which the grain mixture is made up as grain fractions.
- Grain fractions can be classified relative to one another according to one or more properties of the fractions, such as in
- Coarse grain fractions and fine grain fractions are possible at a grain mixture, divide more than one fraction graining ⁇ in fixed relativised fractions.
- the sphericity of a particle describes the relationship between the surface area of a particle image and the circumference. Accordingly, a spherical particle would have a sphericity close to 1, while a jagged, irregular particle image would have a roundness close to zero.
- the center of gravity of a particle image is first determined. Then, in each measurement direction, distances from edge to edge are laid through the specific center of gravity and the ratio of the two resulting route sections is measured. The value of the symmetry factor is calculated from the smallest ratio of these radii. For highly symmetrical figures such as circles or squares, the value of the respective symmetry factor is 1.
- shape parameters that can be determined using dynamic image analysis are the width / length ratio (measure of the extent or elongation of a particle) and the convexity of particles. However, since these are already indirectly contained in the structure parameter S in the form of the symmetry factor, their determination in the method according to the invention can be dispensed with.
- the bulk density is defined as the density of a mixture of a particulate solid (so-called bulk material) and a
- the bulk density of the Grain fraction of the working grain with structural parameter S ⁇ O is preferably 0.8 to 2.0 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably 1.0 to 1.8 g / cm 3 , very particularly preferably 1.1 to 1.6 g / cm 3 , in particular 1.2 to 1.5 g / cm 3 .
- the bulk density can be determined by the ratio of the mass of the bulk to the bulk volume in accordance with DIN ISO 697.
- the mean, mass-weighted particle solids density of the particles S of the grain fraction with structure parameter SA0 is preferably 2.20 to 2.70 g / cm 3 , particularly preferably 2.25 to 2.60 g / cm 3 , very particularly preferably 2.30 to 2, 40 g / cm 3 , in particular 2.31 to 2.38 g / cm 3 .
- the determination of the density of solid substances is described in DIN 66137-2: 2019-03.
- the grain fraction with structure parameter SA0 is in the
- Working granules preferably in a mass fraction of at least 1 mass%, particularly preferably at least 5 mass%, very particularly preferably at least 10 mass%, in particular at least 20 mass%.
- Particles S with S 2 0 preferably have one
- Particle size parameter dso which is 0.5 to 0.9 times the particle size parameter dso of the particles with S ⁇ 0.
- the working grain preferably has a particle size parameter dso of 70 to 1000 pm, particularly preferably from 80 to 800 pm, very particularly preferably from 100 to 600 pm,
- the difference between the particle size parameters d9o and dio represents a measure of the width of a grain size or a
- Grain fraction The quotient of the width of a grain or a grain fraction and the respective particle size parameter dso corresponds to the relative width. She can For example, they can be used to determine particle size distributions with very different mean
- the relative width of the grain is preferably the
- the determination of the particle sizes and particle size distribution can be done according to ISO 13320 (laser diffraction) and / or ISO 13322
- Particle size parameters from particle size distributions can be done according to DIN ISO 9276-2.
- Working grain has a mass-weighted surface area of 80 to 1800 cm 2 / g, preferably from 100 to 600 cm 2 / g, particularly preferably from 120 to 500 cm 2 / g, in particular from 150 to 350 cm 2 / g.
- a 2-modal distribution density function has two maxima.
- the contact mass is, in particular, the mixture of grains that is in contact with the reaction gas.
- Si mg which usually has a purity of 98 to 99.9%.
- a composition with 98% by mass of silicon metal for example, is typical, with the remaining 2% by mass generally being composed for the most part of the following elements, which are selected from: Fe, Ca, Al, Ti, Cu, Mn, Cr , V, Ni, Mg, B, C, P and 0.
- the following elements selected from among: Co, W, Mo, As, Sb, Bi, S, Se, Te, Zr, Ge, Sn can also be contained , Pb, Zn, Cd, Sr, Ba, Y and CI.
- the silicon metal fraction is preferably greater than 75% by mass, preferably greater than 85% by mass,
- Catalyst are positively influenced, in particular
- the catalyst can be one or more elements from the group with Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, Mn, W, Mo, V, P, As, Sb, Bi, O, S, Se, Te, Ti, Zr , C, Ge, Sn, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cd, Mg, Ca, Sr,
- the catalyst is preferably selected from the group with Fe, Al, Ca, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sn, C, V, Ti, Cr, B, P, O, CI and mixtures thereof.
- these catalytically active elements are already present in silicon as an impurity in a certain proportion
- oxidic or metallic form as silicides or in other metallurgical phases, or as oxides or chlorides. Their proportion depends on the purity of the silicon used.
- the catalyst can, for example, in metallic, alloyed and / or salt-like form of the working grain and / or
- Contact mass are added. These can in particular be chlorides and / or oxides of the catalytically active elements. Preferred compounds are CuCl, CuCl2, CuO or mixtures thereof.
- the working grain can also contain promoters, for example Zn and / or zinc chloride.
- the elemental composition of the silicon used and the contact compound can be determined, for example, by means of X-rays
- XRF fluorescence analysis
- ICP-MS ICP-based analysis methods
- ICP-OES ICP-OES
- AAS atomic absorption spectrometry
- the catalyst is preferably in a proportion of 0.1 to 20% by mass, particularly preferably 0.5 to 15% by mass, in particular 0.8 to 10% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 5 mass% -%, available.
- the grain fractions with structural parameters SCO and ShO are preferably used as a prefabricated grain mixture
- grain fractions with structural parameters SCO and ShO can also be used separately, in particular via separate supply lines and
- any further constituents of the contact compound which may be present can also be added separately or as a constituent of one of the two grain fractions.
- the process is preferably carried out at a temperature of 280 to 400.degree. C., particularly preferably 340 to 360.degree.
- the absolute pressure in the fluidized bed reactor is preferably 0.01 to 0.6 MPa, particularly preferably 0.03 to 0.35 MPa, in particular 0.05 to 0.3 MPa.
- the reaction gas preferably contains before entering the
- Reactor at least 50% by volume, preferably at least 70% by volume, particularly preferably at least 90% by volume, HCl.
- the reaction gas can also contain one or more components
- HCl and the contact mass or the grain mixture or its grain fractions are added continuously, in particular during the reaction, in such a way that the above-mentioned ratio is established.
- These components can, for example, come from hydrogen recovered in a composite.
- the reaction gas can also contain a carrier gas which does not take part in the reaction, for example nitrogen or a noble gas such as argon.
- the composition of the reaction gas is usually determined by means of Raman and infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography before it is fed to the reactor. This can be done both via random samples and
- a quotient of the fluidized bed height to the reactor diameter is preferably 10: 1 to 1: 1, preferably 8: 1 to 2: 1, particularly preferably 6: 1 to 3: 1.
- Fluidized bed height is the thickness or extent of the fluidized bed.
- chlorosilanes produced by the process according to the invention which are selected from the general formulas 1 and 2 are preferably at least one chlorosilane selected from the group consisting of monochlorosilane, dichlorosilane, TCS, Si 2 Cl 6 and HSX 2 Cl 5.
- Chlorosilanes of the general formula 1 are particularly preferably TCS.
- halosilanes can be produced as by-products, for example monochlorosilane (HsSiCl), dichlorosilane (H2SiCl2), Silicon tetrachloride (STC, S1CI4) as well as di- and oligosilanes.
- impurities such as hydrocarbons,
- Organochlorosilanes and metal chlorides can be by-products.
- the inventive method is preferably in one
- the network includes in particular the following
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a fluidized bed reactor 1 for carrying out the method according to the invention.
- Reaction gas 2 is preferably blown into the contact mass from below and optionally from the side (e.g. tangential or orthogonal to the gas flow from below), whereby the particles of the contact mass are fluidized and form a fluidized bed 3.
- the reaction is started by means of a heating device arranged outside the reactor
- the fluidized bed 3 is heated. There is usually no heating during continuous operation
- a part of the particles is with the gas flow from the fluidized bed 3 into the free space 4 above the
- the space 4 is through a characterized very low solids density, this decreasing in the direction of the reactor outlet 5.
- silicon was of the same type in terms of purity, quality and content of minor elements and
- the grain fractions used in the working grains were produced by breaking lumpy Si mg (98.9% by mass Si) and subsequent grinding or by atomization techniques known to those skilled in the art to produce particulate Si mg (98.9% by mass Si). If necessary, classification was carried out by sieving / sifting. In this way, grain fractions with specific values for structural parameters S were produced in a targeted manner. By combining and mixing these
- the operating temperature of the fluidized bed reactor was around 320 ° C. during the tests.
- the temperature was kept approximately constant over the entire test period with the aid of cooling. HCl was added and the working grain was metered in so that the height the fluidized bed over the entire test period in
- ms is the mass fraction of particles S that have a structure parameter S> 0.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Silicon Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2019/064116 WO2020239228A1 (de) | 2019-05-29 | 2019-05-29 | Verfahren zur herstellung von trichlorsilan mit strukturoptimierten silicium-partikeln |
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US (1) | US20220234901A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP3976533A1 (de) |
JP (2) | JP2022534930A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20220013417A (de) |
CN (1) | CN113905983A (de) |
TW (1) | TWI744873B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2020239228A1 (de) |
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NO166032C (no) * | 1988-12-08 | 1991-05-22 | Elkem As | Fremgangsmaate ved fremstilling av triklormonosilan. |
DE4303766A1 (de) | 1993-02-09 | 1994-08-11 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Methylchlorsilanen |
DE10118483C1 (de) * | 2001-04-12 | 2002-04-18 | Wacker Chemie Gmbh | Staubrückführung bei der Direktsynthese von Chlor- und Methylchlorsilanen in Wirbelschicht |
NO321276B1 (no) * | 2003-07-07 | 2006-04-18 | Elkem Materials | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av triklorsilan og silisium for bruk ved fremstilling av triklorsilan |
NO20043828L (no) * | 2004-09-13 | 2006-03-14 | Elkem As | Fremgangsmate for fremstilling av triklorsilan, fremgangsmate for fremstilling av silisium og silisium for bruk ved fremstilling av triklorsilan |
US20100001236A1 (en) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | Yongchae Chee | Method of producing trichlorosilane (TCS) rich product stably from a fluidized gas phase reactor (FBR) and the structure of the reactor |
NO334216B1 (no) * | 2010-08-13 | 2014-01-13 | Elkem As | Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av triklorsilan og silisium for bruk ved fremstilling av triklorsilan |
DE102011112662B4 (de) * | 2011-05-08 | 2015-04-09 | Centrotherm Photovoltaics Ag | Verfahren zum Behandeln von metallurgischem Silizium |
WO2014026588A1 (zh) * | 2012-08-13 | 2014-02-20 | 江苏中能硅业科技发展有限公司 | 高球形度籽晶和流化床颗粒硅的制备方法 |
DE102013215011A1 (de) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-02-05 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Trichlorsilan |
DE102015210762A1 (de) | 2015-06-12 | 2016-12-15 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur Aufarbeitung von mit Kohlenstoffverbindungen verunreinigten Chlorsilanen oder Chlorsilangemischen |
CN105396588A (zh) * | 2015-12-16 | 2016-03-16 | 钟俊超 | 耐磨的微球形CuO/SiO2催化剂的制备方法及其应用 |
JP6766176B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-15 | 2020-10-07 | ワッカー ケミー アクチエンゲゼルシャフトWacker Chemie AG | 流動床プロセスにおけるオルガノクロロシランの製造方法 |
WO2019068335A1 (de) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-11 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlorsilanen |
WO2019068336A1 (de) * | 2017-10-05 | 2019-04-11 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Verfahren zur herstellung von chlorsilanen unter verwendung eines katalysators ausgewählt aus der gruppe co, mo, w |
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- 2019-05-29 WO PCT/EP2019/064116 patent/WO2020239228A1/de unknown
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TWI744873B (zh) | 2021-11-01 |
CN113905983A (zh) | 2022-01-07 |
WO2020239228A1 (de) | 2020-12-03 |
US20220234901A1 (en) | 2022-07-28 |
JP2024028751A (ja) | 2024-03-05 |
KR20220013417A (ko) | 2022-02-04 |
JP2022534930A (ja) | 2022-08-04 |
TW202043148A (zh) | 2020-12-01 |
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