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Definitions

• the technical field generally relates to the processes for preparing solid multilayer elements comprising an electrode layer and an electrolyte layer, to the elements obtained by these processes and to the electrochemical cells comprising them.
• Liquid electrolytes based on flammable liquids such as ethylene or diethyl carbonate
• flammable liquids such as ethylene or diethyl carbonate
• These liquid electrolytes also allow the formation of dendrites and require the use of separators with varying success.
• Solid electrolytes have been developed, for example, based on polymers (mainly based on poly (ethylene oxide), see Commarieu et al., Curr. Opin. Electrochem. 9, 56-63 (2016)) or of ceramics such as cubic LÎ7La3Zr20i2 (LLZO) doped with galium (see Rawlence et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 10, 13720-13728 (2016)), Lii .sAlo.sTii, 5 (R0 4 ) 3 (LATP ) of the NAS ICON type (see Soman et al., J. Solid State Electrochem.
• Lii, 4Alo, 4Gei, e (P04) 3 (LAGP) of the NASICON type see Zhang et al. al., J. Alloys Compd. 590, 147-152 (2014)
• thio-LISICON LU-xGei- x PxS4 see Kanno & Murayama, J. Electrochem. Soc. 148, 742-746 (2001)
• a hybrid solid electrolyte based on ceramic and polymer can also be used in order to obtain improved mechanical strength and ionic conductivity (Wang et al., ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 9, 13694-13702 (2017)).
• Densification of solid electrolytes is a key element in blocking the formation of lithium metal dendrites.
• the use of hot pressing as a tool has been shown to reduce grain boundary resistance in an LLZO electrolyte (see David et al., J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 1214, 1209-1214 (2015)) .
• the best results shown were obtained at temperatures up to 1100 ° C.
• Some groups have reported hot pressing methods to densify the NASICON type LAGP solid electrolyte.
• a multistep process has been described for the densification of LAGP by hot pressing at 600 ° C under argon at a pressure of 20 MPa followed by a step of sintering in air at 800 ° C for 8 hours to form a rod of LAGP (see Kotobuki et al., RSC Ac / v., 1 1670-1 1675 (2019)).
• the rod is then sliced with a diamond wire to provide a thin film of electrolyte.
• the electrolyte layer was then prepared by spreading by screen-printing repeatedly repeated several times of a suspension composed of LiTÎ2 (P04) 3, Lh .3Alo.3Th .7 (PC> 4) 3, of carbon black, and ethylcellulose as a binder (45:25:15: 15) in NMP as a solvent and its drying.
• the cathode was prepared by following the same method, replacing LiTÎ2 (P04) 3 with L V2 (P04) 3.
• the battery was then subjected to cold isostatic pressing at 504 MPa for 30 seconds and dried again at 120 ° C.
• the present document relates to a process for preparing multilayer components and electrochemical cells comprising such components, the multilayer components prepared by this process, the electrochemical cells and batteries comprising them.
• the method of preparing a multilayer component comprising a solid electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer comprises at least the steps of: a) preparing the solid electrolyte layer by the compression of particles ceramic; b) preparing a mixture comprising at least one electrochemically active material, ceramic particles and an electron conductive material, the mixture being solvent-free; c) application of the mixture obtained in (b) on the solid electrolyte layer prepared in (a) to obtain a bilayer material; d) pressing the bilayer material obtained in (c) at a pressure of at least 50 kg / cm 2 and a temperature in the range of about 400 ° C to about 900 ° C.
• step (a) excludes the addition of a solvent. In another embodiment, step (a) excludes the addition of a lithium salt. In another embodiment, the solid electrolyte layer and the electrode layer are both polymer free after step (d). According to another embodiment, step (b) also excludes the addition of a solvent. According to some embodiments, step (b) of mixing is carried out by ball milling.
• the ceramic of step (a) is of the formula Lh + z AlzlVte- z (PO4) 3, where M is Ti, Ge, or a combination thereof, and z is such that 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1. In one embodiment, M is Ge. In another embodiment, M is Ti. According to another embodiment, step (a) is carried out in the presence of oxygen (for example, in air). In yet another embodiment, step (a) is carried out at a pressure of between 100 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 .
• step (d) is carried out in an inert atmosphere (for example under argon, nitrogen). In another embodiment, step (d) is carried out at a pressure of between 50 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 , or between 100 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 , or between 300 kg / cm 2 and 2000 kg / cm 2 . In yet another embodiment, step (d) is performed at a temperature between about 450 ° C and about 850 ° C, or between about 600 ° C and about 700 ° C. In another embodiment, step (d) is carried out for a duration greater than 0 hour and less than 10 hours, or between 30 minutes and 5 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
• the electrode layer is a positive electrode layer.
• the electrochemically active material in the electrode layer is selected from phosphates (e.g. LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination thereof), oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204, LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination of these) and Li (NiM c ) 02 (M c being Mn, Co, Al, Fe, Cr, Ti, Zr or a combination thereof), elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, iron (III) fluoride, copper (II) fluoride, lithium iodide and iodine.
• phosphates e.g. LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination thereof
• oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204, LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination of these) and Li (NiM c
• the electrochemically active material of the positive electrode may be a LiM a P04 phosphate where M a is Fe, Mn, Co or a combination thereof (eg LiFePC), wherein said electrochemically active material consists of particles possibly coated with carbon.
• the electron conductive material in the electrode layer is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, Ketjen MC black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon fibers or nanofibers (for example, VGCF), Carbon nanotubes and a combination thereof
• the electron conductive material includes carbon fibers (such as VGCF).
• the ceramic particles of step (b) comprise a ceramic of the formula Lii + z Al z M2-z (PO4) 3, wherein M is Ti, Ge or a combination thereof , and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• the ceramic from step (a) and the ceramic particles from step (b) are identical.
• the present document relates to a method for preparing a multilayer component comprising a solid electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer, said method comprising at least the steps of: a) preparing a layer of electrolyte composition by spreading a mixture of ceramic particles and polymer on a first support; b) preparation of a mixture comprising at least one electrochemically active material, ceramic particles, an electron conductive material, and optionally a polymer; c) spreading the mixture of electrode material prepared in step (b): i. on the electrolyte composition layer prepared in (a); or ii.
• step (a) of the process excludes the addition of a solvent.
• step (a) of the process further comprises a solvent and further comprises the drying of the mixture after application.
• step (a) further comprises removing the first support.
• step (a) excludes the addition of a lithium salt.
• the polymer of step (a) and of step (b) if present is, independently at each instance, chosen from a fluoropolymer (such as poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), or poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)), a poly (alkylene carbonate) (such as poly (ethylene carbonate) or poly (propylene carbonate)), a poly ( vinyl butyral) (PVB), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA).
• a fluoropolymer such as poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), or poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)
• PVDF poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
• PVDF-HFP poly (alkylene carbonate)
• poly (alkylene carbonate) such as poly (
• the solid electrolyte layer and the electrode layer are free of polymer after step (d).
• the ceramic of step (a) is of the formula Lh + z AlzlVte- z (PO4) 3, where M is Ti, Ge or a combination thereof, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• step (a) further comprises pressing the mixture in the presence of oxygen (for example in air), for example, at a pressure between 100 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 .
• the method comprises step (c) (ii) and the method comprises removing the first support and the second support before contacting the layer of electrode material with the layer. solid electrolyte.
• the method comprises step (c) (ii) and the method comprises removing the first support and the second support after contacting the layer of electrode material with the solid electrolyte layer.
• the method further comprises rolling the bilayer material between rollers prior to step (d).
• step (b) further comprises a solvent and step (c) further comprises drying the spread electrode material.
• step (b) comprises dry mixing the electrochemically active material, ceramic particles and electron conductive material, suspending the resulting mixture with a polymer in a solvent, and step (c) further comprises drying the spread electrode material.
• step (d) is carried out in an inert atmosphere (for example under argon, nitrogen). In another embodiment, step (d) is carried out at a pressure of between 50 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 , or between 100 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 , or between 300 kg / cm 2 and 2000 kg / cm 2 . In yet another embodiment, step (d) is carried out at a temperature between about 450 ° C and about 850 ° C, or between about 600 ° C and about 750 ° C. In another embodiment, step (d) is carried out for a period greater than 0 hour and less than 10 hours, or between 30 minutes and 5 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
• the electrode layer is a positive electrode layer.
• the electrochemically active material in the electrode layer is selected from phosphates (e.g. LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination thereof), oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204, LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination of these) and Li (NiM c ) 02 (M c being Mn, Co, Al, Fe, Cr, Ti, Zr or a combination thereof), elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, iron (III) fluoride, copper (II) fluoride, lithium iodide and iodine.
• phosphates e.g. LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination thereof
• oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204, LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination of these) and Li (NiM c
• the electrochemically active material of the positive electrode can be a LiM a P04 phosphate where M a is Fe, Mn, Co or a combination thereof (such as LiFePC), wherein the electrochemically active material consists of particles possibly coated with carbon.
• the electron conductive material in the electrode layer is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, Ketjen MC black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon fibers or nanofibers ( eg VGCF), carbon nanotubes and a combination of these.
• the electron conductive material comprises carbon fibers (such as VGCF).
• the electron conductive material comprises graphite.
• the ceramic particles of step (b) comprise a ceramic of the formula Lii + z Al z M2-z (PO4) 3, wherein M is Ti, Ge or a combination thereof. ci, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• the ceramic from step (a) and the ceramic particles from step (b) are identical.
• this document relates to a multilayer component obtained by a process as defined here.
• the present document relates to a multi-layered component comprising a solid electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer, wherein: the solid electrolyte layer comprises ceramic particles; the solid electrode layer comprises an electrochemically active material, ceramic particles, and an electron conductive material; and the solid electrode layer and the solid electrolyte layer are free of electrolyte polymer and polymer binder.
• the ceramic in the solid electrolyte layer is of the formula Lii + z Al z M2- z (PO4) 3, where M is Ti, Ge, or a combination thereof, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• the electrode layer is a positive electrode layer.
• the electrochemically active material is selected from phosphates (e.g. LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination thereof), oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204 , LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof) and Li (NiM c ) 02 (M c being Mn, Co, Al, Fe, Cr, Ti, Zr or a combination of those -ci), elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, iron (III) fluoride, copper (II) fluoride, lithium iodide and iodine.
• phosphates e.g. LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination thereof
• oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204 , LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof) and Li (NiM c
• the electrochemically active material of the positive electrode can be a phosphate LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Mn, Co or a combination thereof (such as LiFePC), in which the electrochemically active material consists of particles optionally coated with carbon.
• the electron conductive material is selected from the group consisting of carbon black, Ketjen MC black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon fibers or nanofibers (eg, VGCF), nanotubes of carbon and a combination of these.
• the electron conductive material comprises carbon fibers (such as VGCF).
• the electron conductive material comprises graphite.
• the ceramic particles in the solid electrode layer comprise a ceramic of the formula Lii + z Al z M2-z (PO4) 3, wherein M is Ti, Ge or a combination thereof. ci, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• the ceramic particles in the solid electrolyte layer and the ceramic particles in the solid electrode layer are identical.
• the multilayer component described herein or prepared by one of the methods described herein comprises high contact at the interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the solid electrode layer, i.e. - say an intimately fused interface.
• the multilayer component described herein or prepared by one of the present methods has a high density, for example, where at least one layer of the multilayer component has a density of at least 90% of the density.
• the multilayer component has a density of at least 90% of the theoretical density.
• the present document describes an electrochemical cell comprising a negative electrode, a positive electrode and an electrolyte, where the electrolyte and the positive electrode together form a multilayer component such as here. defined.
• the negative electrode comprises a lithium or lithium alloy film and a polymeric interlayer between the lithium or lithium alloy film and the solid electrolyte layer.
• the polymeric interlayer comprises a polyether polymer and a lithium salt, such as an optionally crosslinked PEO-based polymer and a lithium salt (eg, LiTFSI).
• the present relates to a process for preparing an electrochemical cell comprising the steps of:
• step (ii) assembling the multilayer component from step (i) with a negative electrode layer.
• the negative electrode layer comprises a lithium or lithium alloy film and a polymeric interlayer between the lithium or lithium alloy film and the solid electrolyte layer.
• the polymeric interlayer comprises a polyether polymer and a lithium salt, such as an optionally crosslinked PEO-based polymer and a lithium salt (such as LiTFSI).
• Another aspect relates to a battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell as defined herein, for example a lithium battery or a lithium-ion battery.
• Figure 1 schematically illustrates an embodiment of the present method.
• Figure 2 shows the X-ray diffraction pattern of (a) LAGP before sintering and (b) LAGP after sintering at 1000 ° C.
• Figure 3 shows the first two charge / discharge curves of a cell prepared according to an embodiment of the present method when cycled at a current of 100mA.
• Figure 4 shows the charge / discharge curves of a cell prepared according to the embodiment described in Example 2.
• support refers to a material, generally in the form of a film or sheet, to which a mixture, such as a suspension, is applied.
• the support material does not react to the mixture applied to it.
• Materials used as a support include polymeric supports such as polypropylene, polyethylene and other inert polymers.
• lithium salt refers to any lithium salt that can be used in solid electrolytes of electrochemical cells.
• Non-limiting examples of lithium salts include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPFe), lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), 2-trifluoromethyl-4,5 lithium-dicyano-imidazolate (LiTDI), lithium 4,5-dicyano-1, 2,3-triazolate (LiDCTA), lithium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide (LiBETI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (L1BF4), lithium bis (oxalato) borate (LiBOB), lithium nitrate (L1NO3), lithium chloride (LiCI), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium fluoride (LiF), lithium perchlorate (L1C
• This document relates to the preparation of solid electrode-electrolyte multilayer components.
• This process avoids the use of a polymer in the electrolyte or as a binder in the electrode in the final material. Two variations of this process are described here.
• the first variant does not include a polymer during the preparation of the multilayer, while the second removes the polymer used during a hot pressing step. Solvents are generally not necessary with the first variant of the process.
• Figure 1 illustrates one embodiment of the process, showing that the solid electrode and electrolyte layers are hot pressed together.
• the solid electrode-electrolyte component also has a density suitable for its use in electrochemical cells.
• An example of such a process for preparing a multilayer component comprises at least the steps of:
• step (a) of the present process avoids the use of solvent and / or lithium salt.
• the solid electrolyte layer and the solid electrode layer of the resulting component are free of polymer (i.e., solid polymer electrolyte polymer or polymer binder).
• the present method can use any ceramic known to one skilled in the art, the selected ceramic being usable as an electrolyte ceramic and being stable under the conditions of the present process.
• the ceramic of the solid electrolyte layer can be of the formula Lii + z Al z M2-z (PO4) 3, where M is Ti, Ge, or a combination thereof, and z is 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• z is in the range 0.25 to 0.75, or 0.1 to 0.9, or 0.3 to 0.7, or 0.4 to 0.6, or is about 0.5.
• the ceramic can have a NASICON type structure.
• the solid electrolyte layer may have a final thickness (after step (d)) of less than 1 mm, or in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 1 mm, or 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, or 50 ⁇ m to 1 mm. pm to 200 pm.
• the solid electrolyte layer is preferably compressed in step (a) without an external heating sub and in the presence of oxygen (eg, under air).
• the bilayer material after addition of the mixture of the electrode layer is preferably hot pressed in step (d) under an inert atmosphere (eg, under argon or nitrogen).
• step (a) can be carried out at a pressure in the range of 100 kg / cm 2 to 5000 kg / cm 2 .
• the hot pressing of step (d) can be performed for a period of more than 0 hours and less than 10 hours, or between 30 minutes and 5 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
• Hot pressing can be carried out in a heating chamber like ovens, stoves, etc. while applying pressure to at least one side of the bilayer material.
• the hot pressing step is carried out using a hot pressing furnace, a hot pressing die, and the like.
• the bilayer material is usually enclosed in a mold and the pressure is applied uniaxially.
• the mixing step (b) in the present process can be carried out by any process known in the art such as ball milling, planetary mixer, etc.
• the mixing step can be carried out by ball milling using zirconia (zirconium dioxide) balls.
• the process for preparing a multilayer component comprising a solid electrode layer and a solid electrolyte layer comprises at least the steps of: a) preparing a solid electrolyte layer by applying a mixture of ceramic and polymer particles on a first support; b) preparation of a mixture comprising at least one electrochemically active material, ceramic particles, an electron conductive material, and optionally a polymer; c) application of the mixture of electrode material prepared in step (b): i.
• Step (a) of the process can exclude the addition of a solvent.
• step (a) of the process further comprises a solvent and a step of drying the mixture after application.
• step (a) further comprises removing the first support.
• step (a) excludes the addition of a lithium salt.
• Non-limiting examples of polymers that can be used in step (a) and optionally in step (b) (if present) comprise, independently at each instance, a fluoropolymer (such as poly (vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF ), or poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)), a poly (alkylene carbonate) (such as poly (ethylene carbonate) or poly (propylene carbonate)), a poly (vinyl butyral) (PVB), or polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), for example, the polymer is poly (alkylene carbonate) (such as poly (ethylene carbonate) or poly (ethylene carbonate). propylene)).
• PVDF poly (vinylidene fluoride)
• PVDF-HFP poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
• PVDF-HFP poly (alkylene carbonate) (such as poly (ethylene carbonate
• the ceramic of step (a) is, for example, of the formula Lii + z Al z M2-z (PO4) 3, in which M is Ti, Ge, or a combination thereof, and z is such that 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• Step (a) can further comprise pressing the mixture in the presence of oxygen (such as oxygen in the air), for example, at a pressure between 100 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 .
• the method comprises step (c) (ii) and the method comprises removing the first support and the second support before contacting the layer of electrode material with the solid electrolyte layer. .
• the method comprises step (c) (ii) and the method comprises removing the first support and the second support after contacting the layer of electrode material with the solid electrolyte layer.
• the method further comprises rolling the bilayer material between rollers prior to step (d).
• step (b) further comprises a solvent and step (c) further comprises drying the applied electrode material.
• step (b) can include dry mixing the electrochemically active material, ceramic particles, and electron conductive material, suspending the resulting mixture with a polymer in a solvent, followed by drying the material d. electrode spread.
• Step (d) can be carried out under an inert atmosphere (for example under argon, nitrogen). This step can also be carried out at a pressure of between 50 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 , or between 100 kg / cm 2 and 5000 kg / cm 2 , or between 300 kg / cm 2 and 2000 kg / cm 2 .
• the temperature applied in step (d) can be in the range of about 450 ° C to about 850 ° C, or about 600 ° C to about 750 ° C. This step is preferably carried out for a period greater than 0 hour and less than 10 hours, or between 30 minutes and 5 hours, or between 30 minutes and 2 hours.
• the solid electrolyte layer may have a final thickness below 1mm, or in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 1mm, or 50 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, or 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m.
• the combined thickness of the bilayer material, comprising the electrode layer and the electrolyte is preferably below 1 mm, or in the range of 50 ⁇ m to 1 mm, or 50 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m, or 100 ⁇ m. pm to 400 pm.
• the electrode layer of the multilayer component is preferably a positive electrode.
• the electrode layer contains between about 25% by weight and about 60% by weight of electrochemically active material, between about 25% by weight and about 60% by weight of ceramic particles, and between about 5% by weight and about 15% by weight of electron conductive material, the total being 100%.
• Non-limiting examples of electrochemically active material include phosphates (such as LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination of these), oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204, LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof) and Li (NiM c ) 02 (M c being Mn, Co, Al, Fe, Cr, Ti, Zr or a combination of these) , elemental sulfur, elemental selenium, iron (III) fluoride, copper (II) fluoride, lithium iodide and iodine.
• phosphates such as LiM a P04 where M a is Fe, Ni, Mn, Co or a combination of these
• oxides and complex oxides such as LiMn204, LiM b 02 (M b being Mn, Co, Ni or a combination thereof) and Li (NiM c ) 02 (M c being Mn, Co, Al, Fe,
• the electrochemically active material of the positive electrode is a LiM a P04 phosphate where M a is Fe, Mn, Co or a combination thereof (such as LiFePC), wherein the electrochemically active material consists of particles possibly coated with carbon.
• the electron conductive material included in the electrode layer can be selected from carbon black, Ketjen MC black, acetylene black, graphite, graphene, carbon fibers or nanofibers (for example, VGCF), carbon nanotubes and a combination of these.
• the electron conductive material includes carbon fibers (like VGCF) or graphite.
• the ceramic particles in the electrode layer comprise a compound of the formula Lii + z Al z M2-z (PO4) 3, wherein M is Ti, Ge or a combination of these, and 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 1.
• M is Ge.
• M is Ti.
• z is between 0.25 and 0.75, or z is about 0.5.
• the ceramic in the solid electrolyte layer and the ceramic particles in the solid electrode layer include the same compound.
• Multilayer components obtainable or obtainable by the present process are also contemplated herein.
• the multilayer components include an intimately fused interface between the solid electrolyte layer and the solid electrode layer.
• the solid electrolyte layer and the solid electrode layer each have a high density.
• the density of at least one of the two layers is at least 90% of the theoretical density.
• the negative electrode comprises a lithium or lithium alloy film and a polymeric intermediate layer between the lithium or lithium alloy film and the solid electrolyte layer.
• the polymeric intermediate layer can comprise, for example, a polyether polymer and a lithium salt, such as an optionally crosslinked PEO-based polymer and a lithium salt (for example LiTFSI).
• a method of preparing electrochemical cells as defined herein is also contemplated. Such a method comprises:
• the negative electrode layer comprises a lithium or lithium alloy film and a polymeric intermediate layer as described above between the lithium or lithium alloy film and the solid electrolyte layer.
• the present description also describes a battery comprising at least one electrochemical cell as defined here.
• the battery is a lithium or lithium-ion battery.
• the present technology also further relates to the use of the present batteries and electrochemical cells, for example, in mobile devices, such as mobile phones, cameras, tablets or laptops, in electric or hybrid vehicles, or in renewable energy storage.
• Powder of Lii.5Alo.5Gei .5 (P04) 3 (0.75 g, LAGP) is cold pressed in air in a 16 mm titanium-zirconium-molybdenum (TZM) mold with a weight of 5 tons (5000 kg) to form a LAGP electrolyte pellet.
• An amount of 0.75 g of a mixture containing carbon coated LiFePC (45% by weight), LAGP (45% by weight), and carbon fibers formed in the gas phase (VGCF, 10% by weight) is added to the LAGP electrolyte pellet to form a bilayer material.
• This bilayer material is then pressed in a heat press at 650 ° C for 1 hour with 2 tons (2000 kg) of pressure under an inert atmosphere in order to obtain the solid electrolyte-cathode component.
• the solid electrolyte-cathode component obtained in (a) is assembled with a metallic lithium film and a protective layer comprising PEO and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) (with an O / Li molar ratio of 20: 1) between the metallic lithium anode and the ceramic electrolyte.
• a protective layer comprising PEO and lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI) (with an O / Li molar ratio of 20: 1) between the metallic lithium anode and the ceramic electrolyte.
• Figure 3 shows the potential as a function of the capacitance for the first two cycles.
• Example 2 LAGP (85% by weight) and QPAC ® 25 (poly (ethylene carbonate), 15% by weight) were dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide or a 1: 1 mixture of N, N - dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The mixture obtained is spread with a doctor blade (in English by Doctor blade) on a polypropylene film. The film was then dried at 50 ° C for 2 hours. The cathode was prepared by mixing LAGP (45%), LiFePC (45%) and graphite (10%) using a SPEX ® mixer to obtain a mixed positive electrode material.
• QPAC ® 25 poly (ethylene carbonate), 15% by weight
• This mixed material of positive electrode (85%) and QPAC ® 25 (15%) was dispersed in N, N-dimethylformamide or a 1: 1 mixture of N, N-dimethylformamide and tetrahydrofuran. The resulting mixture was then spread with a doctor blade on a polypropylene film. The cathode thus formed was dried at 50 ° C for 2 hours.
• the self-supporting LAGP electrolyte and cathode films were then separated from the polypropylene films and laminated together at 80 ° C to reduce the porosity and obtain a ceramic-cathode film having a thickness between 100 and 400 ⁇ m.
• the film was then sanded and hot pressed at 700 ° C. by applying a pressure of 112 MPa (approximately 1140 kg / cm 2 ) for 1 hour.
• the solid ceramic electrolyte-cathode component pressed to hot was then cycled with metallic lithium and the results are shown in Figure 4.

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