EP3959380A1

EP3959380A1 - Apparatus for conveying and discharging bulk material or snow

Info

Publication number: EP3959380A1
Application number: EP20743326.9A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Werner Kittinger
Original assignee: Bwm Technologies GmbH
Current assignee: Bwm Technologies GmbH
Priority date: 2019-04-25
Filing date: 2020-06-23
Publication date: 2022-03-02
Anticipated expiration: 2040-06-23
Also published as: CA3137685A1; AT521690A4; EP3959380B1; AU2020264086A1; PL3959380T3; CN114174593A; AT521690B1; HUE064987T2; US20220195681A1; EP3959380C0; WO2020217239A1

Abstract

In an apparatus for conveying and discharging bulk material or snow, comprising at least one conveying device which has a tubular, circumferentially partially open conveying housing (1) and the conveying direction of which extends substantially in the direction of the tube axis (5), and comprising at least one centrifugal ejector, adjoining the at least one conveying device in the conveying direction and having at least one centrifugal wheel (8), which has at least one discharge lever (9), is arranged in a centrifugal-wheel housing (11) having a discharge opening (14) and can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation (12), the conveying housing (1) has a smaller diameter than the ejector wheel (8) and the tube axis (5) is arranged parallel under the axis of rotation (12) of the ejector wheel (8), at a vertical normal distance.

Description

Device for conveying and ejecting bulk goods or snow

The application relates to a device for conveying and

Ejection of bulk material or snow, comprising at least one conveyor device having a tubular conveyor housing partially open on the periphery, the conveying direction of which is in

Extends substantially in the direction of the pipe axis, and at least one ejector centrifugal device with at least one ejector device connected to the at least one conveyor device in the conveying direction

Ejection lever having centrifugal wheel, which is arranged in a centrifugal wheel housing having an ejection opening and can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation.

Devices for conveying and ejecting bulk material or snow are used in a wide variety of areas.

Particularly in the agricultural and forestry sector, the use of ejectors in harvesting machines,

Debarkers and the like. known. In addition to such independent devices, additional devices are also known which can be coupled to tractors and other agricultural machines so that they are driven by their engine. In this context, for example, snow blowers have become known, which on tractors or

Small excavators are coupled.

Snow blowers generally have a conveying direction that includes, for example, a milling drum that is attached in front of the vehicle and the axis of which runs parallel to the vehicle axis. On the drum, which usually extends over the entire width of the vehicle, slats are attached in a helical manner, which serve both to scrape off the snow, for which purpose the slats can also be provided with a sawtooth profile, and to transport it to a snow ejection device. If the Snow ejector is attached in the middle of the milling drum, the screw of the lamellae is designed in two parts with opposite chirality. The horizontal transport works like an Archimedean screw, so that the snow milled over the entire width of the drum is transported to the center. This is where the snow blower is arranged, which throws out the snow conveyed to the center. Of the

The snow ejector can be used here by an ejector

are formed, which, as mentioned above, has a centrifugal wheel with at least one ejector lever. Here is the

The ejection rate naturally depends on the circumferential speed of the centrifugal wheel or the individual ejection levers and in particular also on the torque applied.

A device of the type mentioned for conveying and ejecting bulk material or snow is e.g. known from AT 503406 Bl.

As described in AT 503406 Bl, the

Agricultural implement output shaft, and

in particular a tractor, the speed provided can usually be reduced to a lower speed with the help of a reduction gear in order to achieve a speed suitable for the coupling of an ejector, and in particular a snow blower. In known snow throwers, for example, it was customary to use the speed of 2200 revolutions / min provided by the tractor's output shaft. to 1100 revolutions / min. to squat so that the

Output shaft made available for the torque

The ejector of the snow blower could be doubled. Another reduction and thus a further increase in

Torque was not possible with the known ejector slings, because it caused more Reduce the number of revolutions required

Ejection performance could no longer be guaranteed.

In order to provide an ejector spinner with increased ejection performance with the same drive ratios, the

AT 503406 B1 discloses an ejector centrifuge in which at least one ejector lever is pivotable on the centrifugal wheel

is determined and means for the defined change of the

Swivel angle of the eject lever depending on

Rotation angle of the centrifugal wheel are provided. Because the ejection lever is pivotably fixed on the centrifugal wheel, the circumferential speed of the ejection lever can be the same when the ejection lever is pivoted accordingly

constant speed of the blower wheel, so that the ejection performance is improved. In particular, a pivoting of the is over a first rotation angle range

Eject lever in the direction of rotation and over a further angular range of rotation causes the ejection lever to pivot counter to the direction of rotation of the centrifugal wheel. With such a control of the pivoting movement of the individual ejector levers, an increasing circumferential speed of the ejector lever is achieved over the first angular range of rotation and a decreasing circumferential speed of the ejector lever when the further angular range of rotation is covered.

The present invention aims to develop a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that the ejection capacity is increased and / or the drive power required for driving the conveying device and / or the centrifugal wheel is reduced. To solve this problem, the invention provides a

Apparatus of the type mentioned at the beginning essentially provides that the conveyor housing has a smaller diameter than the centrifugal wheel and the tube axis at a vertical normal distance parallel below the axis of rotation of the

Centrifugal wheel is arranged.

The inventive training leads to the fact that

Conveyor housing, the centrifugal wheel or its detection area, viewed in the axial direction, only overlaps in a lower area, so that the material feed only into a corresponding one

Part of the detection area of the blower wheel takes place. In the upper area of the impeller that does not overlap with the conveyor housing in the axial direction, however, this does not come into contact with the conveyed material, so that the

There is no resistance to the ejector levers in this area. In the overlapping area, the material reaches a circumferential section of the centrifugal wheel, in which it accelerates the material in the circumferential direction and then ejects it upwards.

The power made available by the drive can thus be used almost completely for the actual ejection of the material. This can increase the drive power

the same ejection capacity can be reduced or the ejection capacity increased with the same drive capacity.

The ejection opening is preferably connected tangentially to the centrifugal wheel, in particular to a region of the

Centrifugal wheel in which the ejector levers accelerate the material from a ground level upwards. To the

The centrifugal wheel housing is preferably a tangential ejection tube connected, which is directed in particular substantially vertically upwards.

In order to prevent material coming from the conveyor device from entering the area of the centrifugal wheel

prevent the material being accelerated upwards from a floor level and then ejected via the tangential ejection opening, a partition is preferably provided between the ejector and the conveying device. The partition is preferably perpendicular to the

Axis of rotation of the centrifugal wheel and forms a lateral delimitation of an ejection channel arranged in the direction of rotation of the centrifugal wheel directly in front of the ejection opening.

The partition preferably extends, viewed in the axial direction, over a cross-sectional area of the ejector that is aligned with the ejection tube.

A partition wall is preferably arranged on each side of the centrifugal wheel, so that the ejection channel is delimited on both sides by the partition walls.

Preferably, the impeller housing is one with

formed enlarged diameter, axial portion of the tubular conveyor housing. In particular, the enlarged diameter results in an annular shape

Housing extension. The

Extension of the diameter of the tubular conveyor housing

resulting cheeks which form at least one partition wall or part of the same.

According to a preferred embodiment it is provided that the enveloping circles of the centrifugal wheel and the conveyor housing one have common tangent, which preferably runs parallel to the floor or horizontally. The vertical offset between the

Pipe axis of the conveyor housing and the axis of rotation of the

The centrifugal wheel is therefore designed in such a way that the conveyor housing and the enveloping circle of the centrifugal wheel touch the same plane at the bottom, which is preferably the floor plane from which the material is grasped by means of the conveyor device. To collect the material, the conveyor housing is open in the peripheral area facing the floor plane

educated .

The axis of rotation of the centrifugal wheel and the tube axis of the conveyor housing preferably lie essentially on one

vertical straight line.

The diameter of the conveyor housing is preferably such

dimensioned that it corresponds to at least 50%, preferably at least 60%, preferably at least 65%, of the diameter of the centrifugal wheel. The top diameter of the conveyor housing is preferably limited in such a way that it corresponds to less than 80%, preferably less than 75% of the diameter of the centrifugal wheel.

A particularly efficient promotion in the axial direction of the

According to a preferred embodiment, the conveying pipe succeeds in that the conveying device is designed in the manner of a conveying spiral or screw.

To ensure that the material is fed from both sides of the

To enable the centrifugal wheel, it is preferably provided that one on each side of the centrifugal wheel

tubular conveyor housing partially open on the circumference

having conveyor device, in particular a conveyor spiral or screw, is arranged, the conveying direction in

Runs essentially in the direction of the tube axis towards the centrifugal wheel.

An optimization of the ejection performance is achieved, as is known per se, in that the at least one ejection lever is pivotably fixed on the centrifugal wheel and means for

defined change of the pivot angle of the ejector lever depending on the rotation angle of the centrifugal wheel are provided. In particular, the means are designed to pivot the over a first rotation angle range (a)

Ejection lever in the direction of rotation and over a further angle of rotation range ₍ ß ₎ a pivoting of the

Eject lever against the direction of rotation of the

To effect centrifugal wheel.

It is advantageously provided that the ejection opening is connected tangentially to the centrifugal wheel at the end of the first angle of rotation range, i.e. at a point at which the peripheral speed of the respective ejection lever is greatest, so that the material to be ejected is ejected at a correspondingly higher speed.

Overall, the described acceleration of the

Ejection lever in the mentioned angle of rotation range

Speed of the centrifugal wheel can be selected lower than in conventional designs, since the peripheral speed of the ejection lever does not result from the speed of the centrifugal wheel alone, but can be increased to the required level by the additional pivoting of the ejector lever described above. So it is, for example, when the ejector spinner is coupled to one with a speed of 2200

Revolutions / min. The rotating output shaft of a tractor can be reduced up to four times, ie to one speed of 540 revolutions / min. This now quadruples the torque, so that the ejection performance of the

Ejector sling can be increased accordingly. The higher torque makes it possible, for example, to arrange a smaller number of ejector levers on the centrifugal wheel, so that overall a higher degree of filling is achieved and larger quantities of the material can be ejected in the unit of time.

A particularly simple control of the pivoting of the ejector lever is achieved according to a preferred embodiment in that the at least one ejector lever is a two-armed lever

is formed, the inwardly extending

Lever arm interacts with a forced guidance. The

Forced guidance can include a guide track that interacts with a guide pin of the lever arm. One is associated with particularly low friction losses

Construction of particular advantage in which the

Guide track runs eccentrically to the axis of rotation of the centrifugal wheel. Another advantage of such a construction is that the adjustment of the extent of the

Eccentricity in a simple way influencing the

Pivot angle change of the ejection lever allows.

As mentioned earlier, this is a particularly preferred one

The field of application of the ejector according to the invention is given in snow blowers and it is therefore advantageously provided that the blower wheel is connected to a spiral or screw conveyor of a snow blower.

Finally, in a simple way, a drive for the

To provide an ejection centrifuge, it is provided according to a preferred embodiment that the centrifugal wheel is connected to a drive shaft, which is connected to an output shaft of a agricultural vehicle, especially tractor,

can be coupled.

In devices for conveying and ejecting bulk material or snow, which are designed as an attachment for attachment to a motor vehicle, there is the problem that it is on the

Material front, which is usually perpendicular to the direction of travel and from which the material is picked up by the conveying device as it travels forwards, can lead to blockages, especially if it is hard or dense material, e.g. is the case in high snow conditions and / or in heavy wet snow. This makes further forward movement of the vehicle and the attachment more difficult or even impossible.

In order to simplify advancement even with hard and / or dense material, a preferred development provides that the device for conveying and ejecting bulk material or snow has a fastening device for fastening to a motor vehicle and the conveying device is essentially by one relative to the fastening device vertical

Pivot axis is pivotably mounted. This enables the attachment to be pivoted relative to the motor vehicle to which the attachment is attached and which pushes it in front of itself. The inclination of the attachment allows a change in the angle of the attachment or its conveyor device relative to the material front, the inclination relative to a material front running perpendicular to the direction of travel means that the attachment or the conveyor device at the front only with the due to the

Pivoting forward shifted partial area comes into engagement with the material front. Less force is required for the partial engagement than for the engagement over the whole Width, so that it is easier to penetrate the material and overcome blockage situations.

An alternating engagement of a right and a left sub-area of the

Conveyor device with the material front. For this purpose, the attachment is preferably developed in such a way that the

Conveying device starting from an unswiveled position in which the axis of rotation or the conveying direction of the

Conveying device runs essentially perpendicular to the direction of travel of the motor vehicle, in two opposite directions

Directions is pivotable. This enables pivoting both to the left and to the right.

The pivotable arrangement of the attachment also results in improved maneuverability of the attachment, as a result of which steering movements of the attachment in front of it

pushing motor vehicle can be supported.

From a structural point of view, it is preferably provided that the conveyor housing is fixed to a carrier which, relative to the fastening device, is essentially vertical

Pivot axis is pivotably mounted.

A pivot drive, preferably at least one hydraulic cylinder-piston unit, is preferably provided.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment shown schematically in the drawing. In this Fig.l show a plan view of a

Device according to the invention, Fig.2 a cross section of the

Device according to Fig.l, Fig.3 a simplified

Cross-sectional view in the area of the centrifugal wheel, FIG. 4 a Cross section through a preferred embodiment of the

Ejection centrifuge, FIG. 5 shows a detailed view of the centrifugal wheel according to FIG. 4 and FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 shows a detailed view of the

eccentric guide part.

In Fig.l a tubular conveyor housing 1 is shown, which is designed to be open on the bottom and optionally (with respect to the direction of travel 2) on the front. In the conveyor housing 1, two screw conveyors 3 and 4 are arranged around a

Tube axis 5 are rotatably driven. The screw conveyors 3, 4 are driven in opposite directions, so that the conveying direction 6 in each case runs inward, so that the material captured by the screw conveyors 3, 4 on the bottom and possibly on the front to that arranged axially between the screw conveyors 3, 4

Ejector is transported. The ejector centrifuge comprises a centrifugal wheel 8 which has a plurality of ejector levers 9 and which is arranged in a centrifugal wheel housing 11 so as to be rotatable about an axis of rotation 12.

The conveyor housing 1 is attached to a carrier 13 which is attached to a substantially vertical pivot axis 14

Bearing part 15 is pivotably mounted. For the controlled

Hydraulic cylinder-piston units 16 are provided pivoting. The bearing part 15 has engagement element 17 with which the entire device is attached to a corresponding

Connection point of a vehicle can be attached.

To drive the screw conveyor 3, 4 and the centrifugal wheel 8, the device comprises a drive shaft 18 which can be coupled to a power take-off of a vehicle. With the gear 19, the speed of the drive shaft 18 is converted to the required speed. In the sectional view according to Figure 2 it can be seen that the conveyor housing 1 has a pipe axis 5, which the

Axis of rotation of the screw conveyor 3,4 corresponds. The

Conveyor screws 3, 4 each include a drum 20, on the outer circumference of which there are screw-like conveyor blades 24 or the like. are located. The centrifugal wheel 8 is around

The axis of rotation 12 is rotatably mounted, the direction of rotation being denoted by 23. It can be seen that the axis of rotation 12 is arranged above the pipe axis 5, which refers to the

different diameter of the conveyor housing 1 and the centrifugal wheel 8 or the enveloping circle of its ejector lever 9 is due. However, the enveloping circle of the ejection lever 9 and the conveyor housing have essentially the same horizontal or floor-parallel tangential plane.

An ejection tube 21, which has the ejection opening 25, is connected tangentially to the centrifugal wheel housing 11. in the

Inside the centrifugal wheel housing 11, an ejection channel is formed, via which the material captured by the ejection levers 9 is accelerated in the circumferential direction and in

Direction of arrow 22 is ejected tangentially.

In Figure 3, a partition 26 is also shown, which is arranged between the screw conveyor 3, 4, and the centrifugal wheel 8 and the discharge channel on both sides

limited, in which the ejection levers 9 are moved from bottom to top in the direction of the ejection tube 21.

In Fig. 4 the housing is the ejector sling 11

denotes, in which the centrifugal wheel 8 in the direction of the

Arrow 23 is rotatably mounted about the axis 12. The

The centrifugal wheel 8 has a plurality of ejector levers 9 which each move around an axis 28 in accordance with the double arrow 27 are pivoted on the centrifugal wheel 8. The ejection levers 9 are designed as two-armed levers, the outer one

Lever arm 29 takes over the actual ejection work and the inwardly extending lever arm 30 has guide pins or bearings 31, as can be seen in particular from FIG. The guide pins 31 are in a circular shape

Guide track 32 of a guide part 33 out, the

Guide track 32 eccentric to the axis of rotation 2 of the

Centrifugal wheel 8 is arranged. The guide part 33 has an opening 34 which is used for the passage of a drive shaft for the centrifugal wheel 8. When the blower wheel

is set in rotation according to the arrow 23, the following movement of the ejection lever 9 results.

Over a first rotation angle range a, the

Ejection lever 9 is moved further and further forwards in the direction of arrow 35 starting from a neutral position during the rotation of centrifugal wheel 8, so that the peripheral speed of ejection lever 9 is increased compared to a rigid attachment to centrifugal wheel 8. The greatest circumferential speed of the ejection lever 9 results at the point indicated by 37, at which the ejection of the

Material to be conveyed takes place in the direction of arrow 22 via ejection opening 25. The ejector levers 9 are then pivoted back in the direction of the arrow 36 over the further angular range b, so that in this area the peripheral speed of the ejector levers 9 is reduced compared to a rigid attachment of the ejector levers 9 to the centrifugal wheel 8.

Claims

Patent claims:

1. A device for conveying and ejecting bulk material or snow, comprising at least one having a tubular conveyor housing (1) which is partially open on the periphery

Conveying device, the conveying direction (6) of which runs essentially in the direction of the pipe axis (5), and at least one ejector (7) adjoining the at least one conveying device in the conveying direction (6) with a centrifugal wheel (8) having at least one ejection lever (9), which is arranged in a centrifugal wheel housing (11) having an ejection opening (10) and can be driven to rotate about an axis of rotation (12), characterized in that the conveyor housing (1) has a smaller diameter than the centrifugal wheel (8) and the pipe axis (5) ) is arranged at a vertical normal distance parallel below the axis of rotation (12) of the centrifugal wheel (8).

2. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the enveloping circles of the centrifugal wheel (8) and the conveyor housing (1) have a common tangent, which is preferred

runs parallel to the floor or horizontally.

3. Apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized

characterized in that the axis of rotation (12) of the centrifugal wheel (8) and the tube axis (5) of the conveyor housing (1) lie on a substantially vertical straight line.

4. Apparatus according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized

characterized in that the conveyor device in the manner of a

Conveyor spiral or screw is formed.

5. Device according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that on both sides of the centrifugal wheel (8) each having a tubular conveyor housing (1) which is partially open on the periphery is arranged, in particular a conveyor spiral or worm

The conveying direction runs essentially in the direction of the tube axis (6) towards the centrifugal wheel (8).

6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the at least one ejection lever (9) on the centrifugal wheel (8) is pivotally fixed and means for a defined change of the pivot angle of the ejection lever (9) depending on the rotation angle of the Centrifugal wheel (8) are provided.

7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the means are designed to have a first

Rotation angle range (a) a pivoting (35) of the

Eject lever (9) in the direction of rotation (23) and over a further angle of rotation range (β) to cause pivoting (36) of the ejection lever (9) against the direction of rotation (23) of the centrifugal wheel (8).

8. Apparatus according to claim 6 or 7, characterized

characterized in that the ejection opening (25) is connected tangentially to the centrifugal wheel (8) at the end of the first angular range (a).

9. Apparatus according to claim 6, 7 or 8, characterized

characterized in that the at least one ejection lever (9) is designed as a two-armed lever, which extends inwards extending lever arm (30) with a forced guidance

cooperates.

10. Device according to one of claims 6 to 9, characterized in that the forced guidance comprises a guide track (32) which cooperates with a guide pin (31) of the lever arm (30).

11. Device according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the guide track (32) is eccentric to

The axis of rotation (12) of the centrifugal wheel (8) runs.

12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the centrifugal wheel (8) with a

Drive shaft (18) is connected, which can be coupled to an output shaft of an agricultural vehicle, in particular a tractor.

13. Snow blower with a device according to one of claims 1 to 12.