EP3943685B1 - Construction de façade et/ou de mur avec structure porteuse en éléments de tension - Google Patents

Construction de façade et/ou de mur avec structure porteuse en éléments de tension Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3943685B1
EP3943685B1 EP21184729.8A EP21184729A EP3943685B1 EP 3943685 B1 EP3943685 B1 EP 3943685B1 EP 21184729 A EP21184729 A EP 21184729A EP 3943685 B1 EP3943685 B1 EP 3943685B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vertical
plate
elements
facade
vertical tension
Prior art date
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Application number
EP21184729.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3943685A3 (fr
EP3943685A2 (fr
Inventor
Claus Girnghuber
Rudolf Wagner
Dietmar Müller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH
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Moeding Keramikfassaden GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP22210544.7A priority Critical patent/EP4163455B1/fr
Publication of EP3943685A2 publication Critical patent/EP3943685A2/fr
Publication of EP3943685A3 publication Critical patent/EP3943685A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3943685B1 publication Critical patent/EP3943685B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0862—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements composed of a number of elements which are identical or not, e.g. carried by a common web, support plate or grid
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/0801—Separate fastening elements
    • E04F13/0803—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements
    • E04F13/081—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements
    • E04F13/0821—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements located in-between two adjacent covering elements
    • E04F13/0826—Separate fastening elements with load-supporting elongated furring elements between wall and covering elements with additional fastening elements between furring elements and covering elements the additional fastening elements located in-between two adjacent covering elements engaging side grooves running along the whole length of the covering elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/88—Curtain walls
    • E04B2/885—Curtain walls comprising a supporting structure for flush mounted glazing panels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
    • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
    • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
    • E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
    • E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
    • E04F2201/00—Joining sheets or plates or panels
    • E04F2201/01—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship
    • E04F2201/0138—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane
    • E04F2201/0146—Joining sheets, plates or panels with edges in abutting relationship by moving the sheets, plates or panels perpendicular to the main plane with snap action of the edge connectors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a facade and/or wall construction for a building with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such facade and/or wall constructions include a supporting structure with panels accommodated therein.
  • the supporting structure has tensioned support cables.
  • the panels are kept aligned in a vertical plane in the supporting structure with the help of the tensioned support cables.
  • the supporting structure of the FR 669,554 is formed by vertical and horizontal steel cables that have connectors at crossing points.
  • the plates have longitudinal grooves on their vertical and horizontal outer edges, forming an overall circumferential outer groove in which the vertical and horizontal support cables engage.
  • the facade panels are supported at two opposite corner points on the connecting bodies arranged at the crossing points of the steel cables.
  • the CN 2010 80660 describes a glass facade construction, whereby glass panels are attached to holders supported in a support structure.
  • the support structure is formed from intersecting vertical and horizontal steel cables. Glass plate holders are attached to the steel cables. To attach the holders to the glass plates, the holders reach through the glass plates at the fastening points.
  • the CN 1048 18790 describes a facade decoration system with a support structure in which parallel, crossing steel cables are braced in a frame. Hooks on which tiles are held are attached to the steel cables.
  • the DE 1 271 363 describes a facade panel system with a support structure with tensioned wire ropes.
  • the wire ropes are exclusively vertically aligned, tensioned wire ropes.
  • These vertically aligned wire ropes are attached to separate support brackets directly on the building wall and hold the facade panels by running the vertical wire ropes in longitudinal grooves formed on the vertical sides of the facade panels or in vertical cavities.
  • the vertical support cables each hold several facade panels arranged one above the other, with the lower corner point and the upper corner point of the vertically tensioned wire cable each being attached to an angle bracket.
  • the CN 107587684 A describes a facade construction with a supporting structure that has vertically aligned steel cables as vertical support elements.
  • angle plates are parallel and horizontally spaced apart from each other aligned and secured via clamp connections.
  • the angle plates are equipped with T-hooks on their upper horizontal edge. They serve as panel holders for the facade panels.
  • the facade panels have receptacles on their upper and lower edges into which the T-hooks engage in order to hold the facade panels on the angle plates.
  • the facade panels are arranged in a vertical plane that is offset parallel to the plane spanned by the vertical steel cables.
  • the DE 29 19 706 A1 describes a facade construction in which the facade panels are mounted on vertically aligned tensioned support cables.
  • the facade panels have clamping and locking elements on their backs, which the support cables pass through.
  • the supporting structure is a flexible network of intersecting, corrugated steel wires.
  • the corrugated steel wires interlock with their waves at the crossing points.
  • the plates have longitudinal grooves on two opposite edges, into which the steel wires of the supporting structure engage. To fix the panels, a mortar connection of the wires running in the joints is provided.
  • the flexible support structure is designed in the manner of a chain frame, which is formed from horizontally tensioned parallel support cables, with adjacent parallel support cables being connected to one another via connecting elements.
  • the parallel support cables pass through core holes in the plates arranged in the support structure in such a way that the plates are held on the horizontal support cables like chain links, so that the plate system represents a kind of foldable curtain.
  • the EP 1 441 085 A1 describes a facade and/or wall construction of the type mentioned at the beginning.
  • the panels are attached to vertical support cables of a support structure via mounting elements.
  • the mounting elements are hook elements that are attached to the back of the panels.
  • Supports are attached to the vertical support cables, into which the hook elements attached to the plates are suspended.
  • Aud die EP 1 180 567 A2 describes a facade and/or wall construction of the type mentioned at the beginning.
  • the panels are attached to vertical support cables via holders.
  • Each of the plates has a lower holder disposed at the lower horizontal edge of the plates and an upper holder disposed at the upper horizontal edge of the plates.
  • the holders each have a sleeve element.
  • the sleeve element of the upper holder and the sleeve element of the lower holder are penetrated by the vertical support cable assigned to the plates, with the two sleeve elements being firmly attached to the support cable.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a facade and/or wall construction of the type mentioned at the outset, which ensures a secure hold of the panels in the supporting structure and is easy to assemble and can be produced inexpensively.
  • This solution is a facade and/or wall construction for a building, comprising panels and a supporting structure in which the panels are each accommodated aligned in a vertical plane.
  • the supporting structure is designed as a stationary supported structure which has one or more stationary supported profile beams and/or a stationary wall.
  • the supporting structure has vertically aligned, tensioned tension elements - hereinafter referred to as vertical tension elements - which are mounted in bearing points which are mounted directly or indirectly on one or more of the stationary supported profile beams and/or on the stationary wall.
  • Bearing bodies preferably spherical bearing bodies, are axially fixed on the vertical tension elements. These bearing bodies form bearings for the plates accommodated in the supporting structure.
  • the plates are preferably ceramic plates, preferably extruded plates.
  • the plates have holding elements that are anchored in the plates and are each penetrated by at least one of the vertical tension elements.
  • the vertical tension elements are assigned to the plates in such a way that at least one of the vertical tension elements assigned to a plate passes through two holding elements of the plate, namely a first holding element, which is arranged in a lower region of the plate, and a second holding element, which is in an upper region the plate is arranged.
  • Alternative (i) provides that the first holding element, which is arranged in the lower region of the plate, interacts with two bearing bodies arranged on the vertical tension element at a vertical distance from one another, in that this holding element rests on the lower of the two bearing bodies in a weight-supporting manner and from the upper of the two bearing bodies is locked in a locking manner, and that the second holding element, which is arranged in the upper region of the plate, does not interact with any bearing body arranged on the vertical tension element.
  • Alternative (ii) provides that the second holding element, which is arranged in the upper region of the plate, interacts with two bearing bodies arranged on the vertical tension element at a vertical distance from one another, in that this holding element rests on the lower of the two bearing bodies in a weight-supporting manner and from the upper of the two bearing bodies is locked in a locking manner, and that the first holding element, which is arranged in the lower region of the plate, does not interact with any of the bearing bodies arranged on the vertical tension element.
  • the plate has two holding elements in a lower area of the plate and two holding elements in an upper area of the plate, preferably one holding element is arranged in each of four corner areas of the plate. This can preferably be achieved with square panels, in particular with panels that are rectangular in plan.
  • the bearing body is designed as a spherical body.
  • the bearing bodies can in principle also have a different shape. Versions are preferred in which the respective bearing surfaces of the bearing bodies, which interact directly with the holding element, are designed in such a way that the bearing bodies and holding elements can be easily and safely brought into their active position, i.e. into their storage position, during assembly.
  • the holding element is arranged in a horizontal receiving space formed in the plate, wherein the holding element is anchored at its section facing into the interior of the plate with an anchor arranged in the receiving space or with the wall of the receiving space and the holding element has at its outwardly facing end a tension element engagement section, preferably designed as a pass-through opening, which is attached to the associated vertical tension element attacks, preferably penetrated by it.
  • the holding element is preferably designed as an elongated element that can be easily and safely inserted into the horizontal receiving space during assembly.
  • the holding element is advantageously designed as a profile element, preferably as a U-profile element.
  • the profile element can engage with its two U-legs in the horizontal receiving space and, in the area of its connecting web between the U-legs, have a tension element engagement section, preferably designed as a pass-through opening for the vertical tension element.
  • the U-profile element has two U-legs that are rectangular in plan and have identical length and identical width.
  • the U-profile element has a substantially cuboid configuration from the outside with a cross section that corresponds complementary to the clear cross section of the receiving space, the receiving space being designed as a U-shaped receiving groove or as a receiving channel closed on the circumference around its longitudinal axis is.
  • the profile element preferably also designed as a U-profile element, can also have an L-angle configuration instead of a cuboid configuration.
  • only one L-leg is advantageously inserted into the horizontal receiving space and the other vertical L-leg can engage in a vertical receiving groove or a vertical through-channel of the plate.
  • the anchor has at least one anchoring end, which interacts with a first section of the holding element to form a positive and/or non-positive connection and/or resilient latching connection.
  • the anchoring end of the anchor prefferably has a spring section and the first section of the holding element to have at least one projection and/or at least one recess into which the spring section of the anchoring end engages; or vice versa, namely that the anchoring end of the anchor has at least one projection and/or at least one depression and the first section of the holding element has a spring section which engages in the at least one projection and/or the at least one depression.
  • the vertical tension elements span a vertical plane which is formed parallel to the stationary wall of the supporting structure, with several spacers being arranged between the stationary wall and the plane spanned by the vertical tension elements, each with its end facing the stationary wall in the are anchored to a stationary wall and engage one of the vertical tension elements with their end facing the plane spanned by the vertical tension elements.
  • the spacers are evenly distributed in a grid arrangement across the wall, for example at a distance that corresponds to the length dimension of the panels.
  • a grid dimension of 1 m is preferred.
  • the grid dimension is preferably approximately the same in the horizontal direction as well as in the vertical direction.
  • the spacers ensure that vibrations perpendicular to the wall are prevented or reduced and the vertical tension elements run evenly parallel to one another.
  • dowel-screw connections with the stationary wall can preferably be provided.
  • the end of the spacer engaging the vertical tension element has a receptacle through which the vertical tension element passes, preferably as a groove engaging behind the vertical tension element or hook behind.
  • the spacers can in principle be arranged so that they engage between adjacent panels, preferably in the corner area. However, it is also possible for the spacers to be arranged concealed behind the plates. In this regard, it can be provided that the end of the spacer that engages the vertical tension element engages in an area between two vertically adjacent plates on the associated vertical tension element or engages in an opening which is formed on a rear side of the plate the assigned vertical tension element that passes through the plate attacks.
  • the vertical tension elements are designed as tensioned support cables, preferably steel cables or as tensioned tension rods or the like.
  • the plate is assigned two vertical tension elements, the first of the vertical tension elements reaching through the left side edge region of the plate and the second of the vertical tension elements reaching through the right side edge region of the plate and that on the first vertical tension element and at least one on the second vertical tension element Tension element attack section of one or more of the mounting elements anchored in the plate attacks.
  • plates that have a rectangular floor plan and four corner areas, with at least one tension element attack section of holding elements arranged in the plate acting in each of the four corner areas.
  • the supporting structure has exclusively vertically oriented tension elements, preferably vertically oriented support cables.
  • vertically aligned tension elements preferably horizontally aligned support cables.
  • Versions in which the plates are closed at their upper horizontal edge and at their lower horizontal edge are particularly advantageous.
  • a horizontal longitudinal groove that is open to the outside can also be formed on the upper horizontal edge and/or on the lower horizontal edge.
  • the plates in the area of their vertical side edges or in the area of at least one of their vertical side edges each have a longitudinal groove open towards the end face of the side edge in question or a through-channel running parallel thereto, which extends upwards and is open at the bottom and is penetrated by one of the vertically aligned tension elements of the supporting structure, so that the vertically aligned Tension element secures the plate against swinging out of the vertical plate plane.
  • the supporting structure 2 is in Figure 1a only shown as an example.
  • the supporting structure is made up of vertical supporting profiles 2v and horizontal supporting profiles 2h.
  • the support profiles form a rectangular frame construction in which the support profiles are connected to one another at the corner points.
  • the supporting structure 2 is intended for a stationary installation, for example in front of a building wall outside or inside a building.
  • the support structure 2 can be used for this purpose on the bottom side in the area of the lower one horizontal support profile 2h or on the ceiling side in the area of the upper horizontal support profile 2h supported in stationary bearings, not shown.
  • the supporting structure 2 can also be mounted in a correspondingly stationary manner laterally in the area of its left and right vertical supporting profiles 2v, for example on adjacent building walls.
  • Tensioned support cables 3 are arranged in the supporting structure 2. In the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures, only vertically aligned support cables 3 and no crossing horizontal support cables are present.
  • the support cables 3 are each fixed with their upper and lower ends in fastening bearings in the upper and lower horizontal support profiles 3h.
  • the exemplary embodiments shown in the figures are facade or wall constructions in which large-format panels 1 are mounted in a supporting structure 2.
  • the plates 1 are preferably ceramic plates.
  • the plates 1 each have a rectangular floor plan and are manufactured using the extrusion process. Their dimensions are preferably over 200 mm horizontal length and over 100 mm vertical height. Significantly larger dimensions of the panels are conceivable.
  • the supporting structure is usually storey high.
  • the plates 1 are mounted on the support cables 3.
  • bearing bodies 4 are axially firmly attached to the vertical support cables, on which the plates 1 support, and / or through which the plates 1 are locked in the supporting structure against pivoting out of the vertical plane.
  • the plates 1 mounted in the supporting structure are arranged aligned with one another in a common vertical plane.
  • the common vertical plane is spanned by the support cables 3.
  • the plates 1, which are mounted on the support cables 3, are held in this plane by the bearing bodies 4 and by the support cables themselves, ie locked against pivoting out of this plane, which will be explained in more detail.
  • the bearing bodies 4 are each designed as spherical bodies. They are attached axially firmly to the vertical support cables 3, for example by welding the bearing bodies to the support cables.
  • the plates 1 each have an open longitudinal groove 1vn on their left side edge and on their right side edge, which extends along the vertical side edge of the plate over the entire vertical extent of the plate or the side edge.
  • These vertical longitudinal grooves 1vn have a substantially U-shaped cross section.
  • the left longitudinal groove is open to the left and the right longitudinal groove to the right end face.
  • the longitudinal grooves 1vn are also open at the ends of their longitudinal extent, i.e. at the top and bottom.
  • the vertical support cables 3 engage in the vertical longitudinal grooves 1vn by extending in the longitudinal direction in the longitudinal groove and reaching up and down.
  • the bearing bodies 4 attached to the vertical support cables 3 support the plates in all four corner points.
  • the weight-supporting storage takes place primarily via the lower bearing bodies 4.
  • the plates are each supported in the area of their lower left corner in a weight-supporting manner on a lower left bearing body 4 attached to the left support cable 3. It is located in the lower right corner Plate on a right lower bearing body 4 attached to the right support cable 3 to support the weight.
  • upper bearing bodies 4 engage, namely a left upper bearing body 4 mounted on the left support cable 3 engages the upper left corner, and a right upper bearing body 4 mounted on the right support cable 3 attacks in the upper right corner area.
  • These upper bearing bodies 4 primarily serve to lock the plate in its vertical orientation in the common vertical plane against pivoting out of this plane.
  • the lower bearing bodies 4 and the upper bearing bodies 4 are designed identically, i.e. each as a spherical body.
  • the plates 1 do not interact directly with the bearing bodies 4, i.e. the plates 1 do not lie directly on the lower and upper support bodies, but rather on holding elements 5, which are supported in the plates 1.
  • the holding elements 5 in the Figures 1b to 1d are designed as L-angle elements, which are each inserted into the corner regions of the plates 1.
  • the plates 1 in addition to the longitudinal grooves 1vn, which are formed along the left and right vertical edges of the plates, the plates 1 also have horizontal longitudinal grooves on the upper horizontal edge and on the lower horizontal edge, namely one upwards on the upper horizontal edge open horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn, and on the lower horizontal edge a downwardly open horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn.
  • the horizontal longitudinal grooves 1hn are, like the vertical longitudinal grooves 1vn, also U-shaped in cross section and open at the ends of their longitudinal extent.
  • these are L-angle elements. They are designed as special U-profiles.
  • the special feature of the special U-profile is that the U-legs 5u in a first longitudinal section 51 of the U-profile are longer than the U-legs 5u in a second longitudinal section 52 of the U-profile adjoining the first longitudinal section 51.
  • the U-legs 5u in the first longitudinal section 51 have the length L1.
  • the U-legs 5u in the second longitudinal section have the length L2.
  • the length L1 is larger than the length L2, in this specific case the length L1 is approximately three times as large as the length L2.
  • the longitudinal extent U1 of the first longitudinal section 51 is shorter than the longitudinal extension of the second longitudinal section 52.
  • first longitudinal section 51 of the U-profile with the U-legs 5u of length L1 forms the first L-leg 5s
  • the second longitudinal section 52 of the U-profile with the U-legs 5u with the length L2 forms the second L-leg 5s.
  • the shorter first L-leg 5s which is formed by the long U-legs 5u, engages in the horizontal edge groove 1hn of the plate 1.
  • the longer second L-leg 5s which is formed by the shorter U-legs 5u, engages in the vertical edge groove 1vn of the plate 1.
  • the holding element 5 designed in this way is symmetrical to the longitudinal center plane, which runs between the U-legs 5u parallel to the extension of the U-legs. This makes it possible to arrange the holding element 5 inserted into the panels in all four corner areas.
  • the holding element 5 is inserted into the plate by the The first L-leg 5s formed by the long U-legs 5u is inserted into the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn, forming a clamping connection with the insides of the longitudinal groove.
  • the second L-leg 5s formed by the horizontal U-legs 5u is inserted into the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn on the left or right side edge of the plate 1.
  • the free ends of the short U-legs rest on the bottom of the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn, forming a receiving space for the vertical support cable 3 passing through the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn.
  • the receiving space for the support cable 3 is formed by the bottom of the longitudinal groove 1vn and by the Space between the short U-leg 5u engaging in the longitudinal groove and the bottom of the U-profile.
  • the holding elements 5 inserted in the corner areas of the plate 1 thus ensure a stable arrangement of the vertical support cables 3 passing through the left and right longitudinal grooves 1vn of the plate. Furthermore, the holding elements 5 arranged in the lower left and right corner areas form supports with which the plates are placed on the Support the bearing bodies 4 on the support cables 3 to support the weight.
  • the holding elements 5 arranged in the left and right upper corner areas are in contact with the upper bearing bodies 4 attached to the support cables.
  • the bearing bodies 4 rest on the holding elements 5 inserted in the upper corner areas and thus lock the plates in their position against swinging out the common vertical plane in which the panels in the supporting structure are arranged in alignment with one another.
  • the modification is that in the Example of the Figures 2a to 2c the L-angle-shaped holding element 5 cooperates with a separate anchor 6.
  • the anchor 6 is designed as a double T-profile, which is arranged in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn and interacts with the horizontal L-leg of the holding element 5.
  • the interaction is that in the Figures 2a to 2c shown right end of the anchor 6 interacts with the right holding element 5.
  • the anchor 6 interacts with the left holding element 5, which is arranged in the left corner of the plate.
  • the interaction of the right end of the anchor 6 with the right holding element is corresponding to the interaction of the left end of the anchor 6 with the left holding element.
  • the holding element 5 is opposite the holding element 5 in the example Figures 1a to 1d modified in such a way that the long U-legs, which are arranged to engage in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn of the plate, each have a row of teeth made of sawtooth-shaped teeth that are parallel to one another on their outside.
  • the parallel teeth each extend transversely to the longitudinal extent of the longitudinal groove 2hn.
  • the anchor 6 has a leaf spring device on its right armature end shown and in the same way on its left armature end, not shown, which have leaf springs with angled end edges which engage in the row of sawtooths on the outside of the two U-legs of the holding element 5, namely in Kind of an underhand grip attacking the steep tooth flank of the respective tooth.
  • the double T-profile has a connecting leg, at each end of which a transverse T-leg is formed.
  • the double T profile is arranged in the horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn in such a way that the connecting web is directed vertically and the transverse webs are in a horizontal plane, ie parallel to the bottom of the horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn, which is U-shaped in cross section.
  • the double-T profile is arranged with its vertically extending connecting web between the U-legs of the holding element 5.
  • the spring device 6f consists of two leaf springs that form a Y configuration. The Y-legs are fixed with their base section by a common fastening device on the double-T profile in the area of the vertically directed connecting leg.
  • the two Y-legs are arranged between the lower and the upper crossbar, namely one Y-leg on the left side of the connecting bar and the other Y-leg on the right side of the connecting bar.
  • the left Y-leg interacts with its folded free end with the row of sawtooths on the outside of the left U-leg of the holding element 5.
  • the right Y leg interacts with its free bent end with the row of sawtooths on the outside of the left U leg of the holding element 5.
  • the left anchor end interacts in the same way with the U-legs of the associated left holding element 5, ie the anchor has its right anchor end with the right holding element 5 and its left anchor end with the left holding element 5 anchored.
  • the two holding elements 5 arranged at the lower corners of the plate namely the lower right holding element 5 and the lower left holding element 5, are clamped together in the same way as the two upper holding elements 5 via an anchor 6 received in the lower horizontal receiving groove 1hn and are clamped accordingly in this lower horizontal area the two vertical support cables.
  • the exemplary embodiment in Figure 3a differs from the example in Figure 2 in that the holding element 5 is not designed as an L-angle element, which is received with a vertical L-leg in the vertical receiving groove 1vn of the plate 1 and with a horizontal L-leg in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn of the plate 1.
  • the holding element 5 in Figure 3a In contrast, it is designed as a U-profile element 5 with two U-legs of equal length. The two legs also have identical constant width.
  • the U-profile element 5 therefore has a cuboid configuration from the outside.
  • the U-profile element 5 is received with its two U-legs in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn, with the connecting web of the two U-legs facing outwards in the corner area of the plate 1, in which the horizontal receiving groove 1hn opens into the vertical receiving groove 1vn .
  • a passage space for the vertical support cable 3 is formed in the interior of the U-profile element 5 between the two U-legs in the area of the connecting web.
  • the anchoring of the U-profile element 5 in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn is the same as in Figure 2 educated.
  • an identical anchor 6 is arranged in the horizontal receiving groove 1hn is designed like the anchor 6 in Figure 2 .
  • the anchor 6 is the same as in Figure 2 designed with a double T profile.
  • the U-profile element 5 is inserted into the double T-profile in a complementary manner.
  • the two U-legs of the U-profile element 5 each have a row of sawtooths on their outside, which is designed in the same way as the row of sawtooths in Figure 2 inserted mounting element 5.
  • the rows of sawtooths formed on the two outer sides of the U-legs work in the same way as in Figure 2 with the leaf spring device 6f of the armature 6.
  • FIG. 3a shows the right area of the plate 1.
  • the U-profile element 5 is mounted in the lower horizontal receiving groove 1hn as described above.
  • another U-profile element 5 is mounted in the upper horizontal receiving groove 1hn.
  • a vertical support cable is arranged, which passes through the upper and lower U-profile element 5 by passing through the upper U-profile element 5 and in the lower U-profile element 5 trained passage space reaches through.
  • spherical bearing body 4 is axially fixed.
  • bearing bodies 4 on the support cable 3 are opposite Figure 2 modified as follows: On the support cable 3 in Figure 3a Two bearing bodies 4 are arranged, which are assigned to the lower right corner area of the plate. Bearing bodies 4, which are assigned to the upper right corner area, are not present on the support cable 3. In the example in Figure 2 In contrast, only one spherical bearing body 4 is arranged on the support cable for the right edge area of the plate, which is assigned to the lower right corner area of the plate and only a spherical bearing body 4, which is assigned to the upper right corner area of the plate.
  • the lower bearing body 4 serves to support the weight of the plate 1.
  • the U-profile element 5 inserted in the lower horizontal receiving groove 1hn rests on the lower bearing body 4.
  • the upper spherical bearing body 4 in Figure 3a serves to lock plate 1 in the mounted position.
  • the spherical bearing body rests on the profile element inserted in the lower horizontal receiving groove or is arranged with play, ie at a short distance above the U-profile element 5.
  • the arrangement of the bearing bodies 4 in Figure 3a differs from the arrangement in Figure 2 so in that in Figure 2 the lower holding element 5 and the upper holding element 5 each cooperate with a bearing body 4 and, on the other hand, in Figure 3a only the lower holding element, ie the U-profile element 5 inserted in the lower horizontal receiving groove 1hn with two spherical bearing bodies 4 and the upper U-profile element 5 inserted in the upper horizontal receiving groove 2hn does not interact with any spherical bearing body 4.
  • the left edge area of the plate which is in Figure 3a is not shown.
  • the left support cable 3 arranged in the vertical receiving groove 1vn which is correspondingly provided with spherical bearing bodies 4, interacts in the same way with the U-profile elements 5 mounted as holding elements in the lower left corner area and in the upper left corner area.
  • the exemplary embodiment in Figure 3b is compared to the exemplary embodiment in Figure 3a modified. It differs from Figure 3a only in that in the exemplary embodiment in Figure 3b the upper horizontal receiving groove is closed 1hn upwards and the lower horizontal receiving groove is closed 1hn downwards. They thus form receiving channels that are closed on the circumference around the longitudinal axis of the receiving groove and are only open at their right and left ends. This means that the plates 1 are closed at their upper and lower edges and therefore no water or dirt can penetrate there.
  • the holding elements 5 are designed differently from the design described above.
  • the holding elements 5 in the Figures 3a to 3b are designed as elongated, bow-shaped elements which extend axially, ie slightly curved, essentially in an axial direction.
  • In the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn of the plate 1 are in the Figures 3a to 3b two such holding elements 5 are used, in such a way that the main longitudinal section of the holding element 5 is arranged to extend longitudinally in the left section of the horizontal longitudinal groove, and that the free end of the holding element 5 protrudes into the left vertical longitudinal groove and there by means of a at the left end of the support element 50 formed hook-shaped end, the vertical support cable 3 passing through the longitudinal groove intervenes.
  • the right holding element 5 is arranged accordingly in the right section of the upper horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn and engages with its right free end in the right vertical longitudinal groove. The hook-shaped right free end engages the support cable 3 guided through the right vertical longitudinal groove.
  • two such holding elements 5 are arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn.
  • the left holding element is arranged with its main longitudinal section in the left half of the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn and engages with its left free end in the left vertical longitudinal groove, the left hook-shaped free end engaging the vertical support cable 3 guided there.
  • the right holding element 5 is mounted in the right half of the lower horizontal longitudinal groove 1hn and engages with its right free hook-shaped end on the vertical support cable, which passes through the right vertical longitudinal groove.
  • the holding elements 5 are anchored in the plate 1 by the arcuate shape of the main longitudinal section of the holding element 5 via an elastic clamping connection with the inner wall of the horizontal longitudinal groove.
  • the arc shape is designed in such a way that the main longitudinal section of the holding element 5 can only be inserted into the horizontal longitudinal groove under elastic deformation and the elastic clamping connection is formed there with the inner wall of the longitudinal groove.
  • the free ends of the holding elements 5 that engage the vertical support cables 3 interact with the bearing bodies 4 mounted on the support cables.
  • the free end which engages on the associated vertical support cable 3, rests on the support cable applied bearing body, so that the weight forces of the plate 1 are introduced onto this lower bearing body 4.
  • the free end which engages on the associated vertical support cable 3, rests on the underside of the bearing body 4 applied to the support cable 3, so that the arrangement of the vertical longitudinal groove is determined by the bearing body 4 through supporting cables 3 and thus the position of the plate is stabilized and locked.
  • Modified mounting elements 5 shows Figure 5a for one versus the Figures 3a to 3b modified embodiment.
  • Figure 5a is different from the mounting elements in the Figures 3a to 3b only one holding element 5 is arranged in the upper horizontal longitudinal groove and one holding element 5 is arranged in the lower horizontal longitudinal groove.
  • the holding element 5 corresponds in its axial length to the entire longitudinal extent of the plate 1 and thus to the entire longitudinal extent of the horizontal longitudinal groove in which the holding element 5 is accommodated.
  • its left free end engages in the left vertical longitudinal groove 1vn and engages there on the left support cable 3 which is guided through this vertical longitudinal groove.
  • the mounting element 5 is anchored in the longitudinal groove by the arcuate shape of the main longitudinal section of the mounting element formed between the free ends.
  • the anchoring is carried out in the same way as with the previously described mounting elements, also by an elastic clamping connection in the longitudinal groove inserted arcuate main section of the holding element.
  • the bearing bodies 4 attached to the vertical support cables 3 act on the plates in the same way via the mounting elements 5, ie the lower bearing bodies 4 primarily have a weight-supporting effect, and the upper bearing bodies 4 act in the sense of stabilizing and locking the position the plate prevents the plate from pivoting out of the common vertical plane in which the plates 1 arranged in the supporting structure are aligned with one another.
  • the distance between the horizontally adjacent panels is determined by the minimum distance.
  • this minimum distance is determined by the diameter of a bearing body 4, or the minimum distance is determined by the minimum receiving depth with which the vertical support cables in the vertical longitudinal groove 1vn must be included in order to ensure a stable holding of the panels in the vertical plane spanned by the vertical support cables.
  • the plates 1 are mounted in a stationary support structure (not shown) in front of a stationary wall W.
  • spacers 7 distributed evenly over the wall W are mounted in the supporting structure between the wall W and the vertical support cables 3 in order to keep the vertical support cables 3, which span a vertical plane, at a fixed distance from the wall W.
  • One of the spacers 7 is in Figure 7 shown.
  • the panels are mounted on the vertical support cables Figure 7 carried out in the manner as in the exemplary embodiment Figure 3a and 3b .
  • Figure 7 On one of the plates 1, the arrangement and interaction of the vertical support cables 3 provided with the bearing bodies 4 with the U-profile elements 5 mounted in the upper and lower corner areas for the left edge area of the plate 1 can be seen.
  • the structural design and the mounting position of the spacer 7 are out Figure 7 recognizable.
  • the spacer is connected to the wall W facing end anchored in the wall W, preferably by a dowel-screw connection.
  • the end of the spacer 7 facing the plane spanned by the support cables 3 engages the vertical support cable 3 shown, in an area which is formed between two plates 1 arranged vertically adjacent one above the other.
  • the spacer 7 has a head in which a vertically aligned receiving groove is formed on the side, which is penetrated by the vertical support cable 3.
  • the receiving groove forms an undercut so that the vertical support cable 3 is held at a fixed distance from the stationary wall W.
  • There are several such spacers 7 in the supporting structure Figure 7 are not shown.
  • the spacers 7 are preferably arranged in a grid evenly distributed over the wall W. They ensure that the plane spanned by the vertical support cables 3 remains at a fixed distance from the wall W and cannot oscillate perpendicular to the wall.
  • ceramic plates 1 are used, which are produced using the extrusion process.
  • the course of the upper and lower horizontal edge receiving spaces or grooves 1hn and the other horizontal longitudinal channels in the plate represents the extrusion direction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Structure de façade et/ou de murs pour un bâtiment, comprenant des plaques (1) et une structure porteuse (2) dans laquelle les plaques (1) sont logées de manière orientée chacune dans un plan vertical,
    dans laquelle il est prévu que :
    - la structure porteuse (2) est conçue comme une structure soutenue de manière fixe, qui comprend un ou plusieurs supports profilés (2h, 2v) soutenus de manière fixe et/ou un mur fixe (W),
    - la structure porteuse (2) comprend des éléments de traction (3) tendus, orientés verticalement, appelés éléments de traction verticaux (3) dans la suite, qui sont logés dans les points de palier qui sont logés directement ou indirectement sur un ou plusieurs des supports profilés (2h, 2v) soutenus de manière fixe et/ou au niveau du mur fixe (W),
    - sur les éléments de traction verticaux (3), sont montés, de manière fixe axialement, des corps de paliers (4), qui forment des paliers pour les plaques logées dans la structure porteuse (2),
    - les plaques (1) comprennent des éléments de maintien (5) qui sont ancrés dans les plaques (1) et qui sont traversés chacun par au moins un des éléments de traction verticaux (3),
    - les éléments de traction verticaux (3) correspondent aux plaques (1), de sorte qu'au moins un des éléments de traction verticaux (3) correspondant à une plaque traverse respectivement deux éléments de maintien (5) de la plaque (1), à savoir un premier élément de maintien (5), qui est disposé dans une partie inférieure de la plaque, et un deuxième élément de maintien (5), qui est disposé dans une partie supérieure de la plaque (1),
    caractérisée en ce que
    - les corps de paliers (4) montés sur les éléments de traction verticaux (3) interagissent avec les éléments de maintien (5) de sorte que
    (i) le premier élément de maintien (5), qui est disposé dans la partie inférieure de la plaque (1), interagit avec deux corps de paliers (4) disposés sur l'élément de traction vertical (3) avec une distance verticale entre eux, grâce au fait que cet élément de maintien (5) repose, en s'appuyant de tout son poids, sur le plus bas des deux corps de paliers (4) et est englobé, de façon à être bloqué, par le plus haut des deux corps de paliers (4), et le deuxième élément de maintien (5), qui est disposé dans la partie supérieure de la plaque (1), n'interagit avec aucun corps de palier (4) disposé sur l'élément de traction vertical (3) ;
    ou
    (ii) le deuxième élément de maintien (5), qui est disposé dans la partie supérieure de la plaque (1), interagit avec deux corps de paliers (4) disposés sur l'élément de traction vertical (3), avec une distance verticale entre eux, grâce au fait que cet élément de maintien (5) repose, en s'appuyant de tout son poids, sur le plus bas des deux corps de paliers (4) et est englobé, de façon à être bloqué, par le plus haut des deux corps de paliers (4), et le premier élément de maintien (5), qui est disposé dans la partie inférieure de la plaque (1), n'interagit avec aucun corps de palier (4) disposé sur l'élément de traction vertical (3).
  2. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisée en ce que
    la plaque (1) comprend deux éléments de maintien (5) dans une partie inférieure de la plaque et deux éléments de maintien (5) dans une partie supérieure de la plaque (1), de préférence un élément de maintien (5) est disposé dans chacune des quatre parties angulaires de la plaque.
  3. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    le corps de paliers (4) est conçu comme un corps sphérique.
  4. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les éléments de traction verticaux (3) sont conçus comme des câbles porteurs tendus, de préférence des câbles d'acier, ou comme des tiges de traction tendues ou similaires.
  5. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de maintien (5) est disposé dans un espace de logement horizontal (1hn) réalisé dans la plaque (1),
    dans laquelle l'élément de maintien (5) est ancré, au niveau de sa portion orientée vers l'intérieur de la plaque (1), avec un ancrage (6) disposé dans l'espace de logement (1hn) ou avec la paroi de l'espace de logement (1hn) et l'élément de maintien (5) comprend, au niveau de son extrémité orientée vers l'extérieur, une portion d'emboîtement de l'élément de traction, de préférence conçue comme une ouverture de passage, qui s'emboîte au niveau de l'élément de traction vertical (3) correspondant, de préférence est traversée par celui-ci.
  6. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon la revendication 5,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément de maintien (5) est conçu comme un élément profilé en U qui s'emboîte, avec les deux branches du U, dans l'espace de logement (1hn) et qui comprend, au niveau de son entretoise de liaison, entre les branches du U, une portion d'emboîtement d'élément de traction, de préférence conçue comme une ouverture de passage.
  7. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon la revendication 6,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément profilé en U (5) comprend deux branches de U de section rectangulaire de longueurs et de largeurs identiques.
  8. Structure de façade et/ou de murs selon la revendication 6 ou 7,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'élément profilé en U (5) présente une configuration sensiblement parallélépipédique avec une section transversale qui correspond, de manière complémentaire, à la section transversale hors tout de l'espace de logement (1hn), dans laquelle l'espace de logement (1hn) est conçu comme une rainure de logement en forme de U (1hn) ou comme un canal de logement fermé sur sa circonférence
    ou
    l'élément profilé en U (5) présente une configuration angulaire en forme de L, dans laquelle seule une des branches du L est insérée dans l'espace de logement horizontal (1hn) et l'autre branche verticale du L s'emboîte dans une rainure de logement verticale (1vn) ou un canal de passage vertical de la plaque (1).
  9. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon la revendication 5 à 8,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'ancrage (6) est disposé dans l'espace de logement horizontal (1hn) et ses extrémités opposées interagissent avec deux éléments de maintien (5),
    grâce au fait que la première des extrémités opposées de l'ancrage (6) agit comme un ancrage sur une portion de l'élément de maintien (5), dans laquelle l'élément de maintien (5) s'emboîte, dans sa position d'emboîtement d'élément de traction, avec le premier élément de traction vertical (3) et
    grâce au fait que la deuxième des extrémités opposées de l'ancrage (6) agit comme un ancrage sur une portion de l'élément de maintien (5), dans laquelle l'élément de maintien (5) s'emboîte, dans sa position d'emboîtement d'élément de traction, avec le deuxième élément de traction vertical (3).
  10. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 9,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'ancrage (6) comprend au moins une extrémité d'ancrage qui interagit avec une première portion de l'élément de maintien (5) en formant une liaison par complémentarité de forme et/ou par force et/ou par encliquetage élastique.
  11. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'extrémité d'ancrage de l'ancrage (6) comprend une portion de ressort (6f) et la première portion de l'élément de maintien (5) comprend au moins une saillie et/ou au moins un creux, dans lequel s'emboîte la portion de ressort de l'extrémité d'ancrage ;
    ou inversement, à savoir que l'extrémité d'ancrage de l'ancrage (6) comprend au moins une saillie et/ou au moins un creux et la première portion de l'élément de maintien (5) comprend une portion de ressort qui s'emboîte dans l'au moins une saillie et/ou l'au moins un creux.
  12. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon la revendication 11,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'ancrage (6) est conçu comme un profilé double en T qui présente une nervure de liaison avec deux nervures transversales aux extrémités de la nervure de liaison, dans laquelle la portion de ressort (6f) est réalisée au niveau de la nervure de liaison et l'au moins une saillie et/ou l'au moins un creux est réalisé au niveau de la nervure de liaison,
    l'élément de maintien (5) comprend, au niveau de la première portion, deux branches de U, au niveau des côtés, opposés entre eux, desquelles ou au niveau de leurs côtés orientés entre eux, l'au moins une saillie et/ou l'au moins un creux ou la portion de ressort (6f) est réalisée, et
    l'extrémité d'ancrage de l'ancrage (6) interagit avec les branches du U (5u) de l'élément de maintien (5), grâce au fait que la nervure de liaison du profilé double en T de l'ancrage (6) s'emboîte entre les branches du U (5u) de l'élément de maintien (5) et la portion de ressort (6f) interagit avec l'au moins une saillie et/ou l'au moins un creux.
  13. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que
    les éléments de traction verticaux (3) définissent un plan vertical qui est parallèle au mur fixe (W) de la structure porteuse (2),
    dans laquelle, entre le mur fixe (W) et le plan défini par les éléments de traction verticaux (3), sont disposées plusieurs entretoises (7) qui sont ancrées chacune, avec leur extrémité orientée vers le mur fixe (W), dans le mur fixe (W) et qui s'emboîtent, avec leur extrémité orientée vers le plan défini par les éléments de traction verticaux (3), avec un des éléments de traction verticaux (3).
  14. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon la revendication 13,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'extrémité de l'entretoise (7) s'emboîtant avec l'élément de traction vertical (3) présente un logement qui est traversé par l'élément de traction vertical (3), de préférence conçu comme une rainure ou un crochet s'accrochant derrière l'élément de traction vertical (3).
  15. Structure de façade et/ou de mur selon la revendication 13 ou14,
    caractérisée en ce que
    l'extrémité de l'entretoise (7) s'emboîtant avec l'élément de traction vertical (3) présente, en s'emboîtant dans une zone entre deux plaques verticalement adjacentes, s'emboîte avec l'élément de traction vertical (3) correspondant ou, en s'emboîtant dans une ouverture, qui est réalisée sur un côté arrière de la plaque, au niveau duquel l'élément de traction vertical (3) correspondant traversant la plaque s'emboîte.
EP21184729.8A 2020-07-10 2021-07-09 Construction de façade et/ou de mur avec structure porteuse en éléments de tension Active EP3943685B1 (fr)

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WO2023147614A1 (fr) * 2022-02-02 2023-08-10 Arnold Peter Système d'installation et de fixation de panneaux ou de disques sur une surface sous-jacente

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EP3943685A3 (fr) 2022-05-18
EP4163455A1 (fr) 2023-04-12
DE102020118317B4 (de) 2022-03-17
DE102020118317A1 (de) 2022-01-13
US20220010560A1 (en) 2022-01-13
EP3943685A2 (fr) 2022-01-26
US11459771B2 (en) 2022-10-04
EP4163455B1 (fr) 2023-12-27

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