EP3934833A1 - Procédé de commande, système de commande et dispositif de fabrication - Google Patents

Procédé de commande, système de commande et dispositif de fabrication

Info

Publication number
EP3934833A1
EP3934833A1 EP20708079.7A EP20708079A EP3934833A1 EP 3934833 A1 EP3934833 A1 EP 3934833A1 EP 20708079 A EP20708079 A EP 20708079A EP 3934833 A1 EP3934833 A1 EP 3934833A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
beams
control method
gas flow
solidified
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP20708079.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Andreas Hoppe
Christiane Thiel
Ann-Kathrin OTTE
Daniel Brueck
Jan Wilkes
Dieter Schwarze
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nikon SLM Solutions AG
Original Assignee
SLM Solutions Group AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SLM Solutions Group AG filed Critical SLM Solutions Group AG
Publication of EP3934833A1 publication Critical patent/EP3934833A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/32—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber
    • B22F10/322—Process control of the atmosphere, e.g. composition or pressure in a building chamber of the gas flow, e.g. rate or direction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/366—Scanning parameters, e.g. hatch distance or scanning strategy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/70—Gas flow means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
    • B23K26/082—Scanning systems, i.e. devices involving movement of the laser beam relative to the laser head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/277—Arrangements for irradiation using multiple radiation means, e.g. micromirrors or multiple light-emitting diodes [LED]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/364—Conditioning of environment
    • B29C64/371—Conditioning of environment using an environment other than air, e.g. inert gas
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a control method for controlling a multi-beam device with one or more radiation sources for generating several beams of a system for producing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer construction method.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program that can be loaded into a programmable control device, with a program code to execute at least part of a control method according to the present invention when the computer program is executed on the control device.
  • the invention also relates to a data carrier which contains the computer program.
  • the invention also relates to a control device for
  • a raw material powder layers on a support provided with a vertically moving means heights ⁇ is adjustable to apply and such by site-specific irradiation.
  • B. to solidify by fusing or sintering in order to ultimately obtain a workpiece of a desired shape.
  • the irradiation can take place by means of electromagnetic radiation, in particular laser radiation, or particle radiation. Is a workpiece layer solidifies, the height-adjustable carrier, a layer thickness is lowered vertically and applying a new layer of unprocessed raw material powder Mate ⁇ rial to the already prepared workpiece layer.
  • Multi-jet systems are described in WO 2018/172080 A1, among others.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a control method which improves the scanning strategy of a multi-beam device.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a control method for controlling a multi-beam device with one or more radiation sources for generating multiple beams of a system for the production of a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer construction process that achieves uniform utilization of all radiation sources or optics, a collision of Plumes of smoke with rays avoids and prevents spray particles of the material to be solidified from being melted with one another .
  • the disclosed control method does not have to be used for every layer of the solidifiable material or of the component, but can also only be applied to a few (ie a predetermined number of) layers or even only to a single layer.
  • a few and / or very small areas ie, areas having a predetermined maximum extent
  • an application of the procedural ⁇ Rens omitted is also understood as an application of the control method.
  • the method is preferably used for all layers of the material to be consolidated or of the component.
  • the present disclosure describes a control method for controlling a multi-beam device with one or more radiation sources for generating multiple beams of a system for manufacturing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer construction method, in which a solidifiable material for manufacturing the three-dimensional workpiece is applied in layers to a surface of a carrier and the solidifiable material in a respective Layer is solidified at respective points of incidence of the plurality of jets on the solidifiable material by the plurality of jets, the points of incidence of the beams for solidifying selective areas of one of the layers of solidifiable material for the production of the three-dimensional workpiece each essentially counter to a gas flow direction of a gas flow over the surface of the Vehicle controlled; wherein the control method comprises;
  • the sections can have different shapes. Approximately shapes in some execution include sections columns which extend substantially perpendicular to the gas flow direction of gas flow, ie, the layer of the to verfesti ⁇ constricting material is divided in at least two columns, with the columns substantially perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the gas flow extend.
  • the number and / or position and / or shape of the sections can be determined by the optics configuration of the machine, for example by the number and / or processing areas of the beams for solidifying the material.
  • the number and / or position and / or shape of the sections can also be determined by the observation areas of one or more sensors and / or by position and / or shape and / or be influenced by a desired quality of the component geometry in the layer to be solidified or the vectors resulting therefrom, with the aid of which the rays for solidifying the material are directed over the material layer.
  • the angular deflection of the scanner mirrors and / or the introduced laser power and / or an acceptable influence from smoke cones and / or the position of merging regions of hatch vectors and / or an optimization of the construction time can be taken into account.
  • Such an alignment of the gaps or sections extending essentially perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the gas flow is, however, generally not absolutely necessary, but can in principle also have free-form. It is additionally or alternatively possible that a section encloses another section and / or that a section is formed from several non-contiguous surfaces.
  • the at least two sections are, however, determined by the fact that they at least partially undercut one another when viewed from the direction of gas flow.
  • the boundaries between two sections can have a certain tolerance range at ⁇ . This particular can serve CKEN at a division of ceremoninstü ⁇ based on a vector distribution on the component geometry micro-vectors to avoid.
  • a piece of surface can therefore extend into another section to a certain extent (for example up to a predetermined maximum overlap length and / or up to a predetermined maximum surface size).
  • the un ⁇ disturbance distance can be implemented as a general measure in the control or determined for the specific construction contract.
  • the clearance distance can depend on the component material and / or the applied laser power (i.e. spot size and / or shape of the exposure point and / or laser power per area and / or wavelength and / or feed speed and / or angle of incidence between the beam and the powder surface) of the two laser beams and / or the desired component quality.
  • two jets may also work simultaneously in the gas flow direction, one behind the other, within this defined non-interference distance.
  • a further distance is defined as the discharge distance, which is relevant for the mutual influencing of the processing of two beams with respect to one another.
  • the discharge distance is understood as the distance over which splashes produced by machining are at least transported away from the machining site by the gas flow before they descend again on the level of the construction site, i.e. before they land in the powder bed. This distance differs from the unmolested distance. While the clearance distance takes into account an influence on the smoke and spatter produced by irradiating the material to be solidified in the beam path of the processing beam, i.e. a defocusing and / or blocking of the radiation, the discharge distance takes into account the influence of the spatter that has fallen in the powder bed.
  • This distance is on the one hand dependent on the spatter of the current machining, ie on the construction material as well as the parameters of the introduced laser Leis ⁇ device (spot size, laser power per unit area, wavelength, feed rate, angle of incidence between beam and powder surface area), and on the other hand by the flow conditions of the Place of processing prevailing gas flow.
  • the discharge distance can be stored as a globally uniform value or defined for each machining beam . Furthermore, it is also possible for the discharge distance to be determined separately as a function of one or more of the parameters mentioned for each irradiation site on the material to be solidified.
  • the discharge distance is infinite at all locations on the construction site, ie all splashes are carried away by the gas flow in such a way that no splashes fall on the construction site. In some embodiments, however, the discharge distance is greater than the clearance distance. Since that can adversely affect the exposure of the site and thus the component quality in areas of the construction site, which may be descended zer in gas flow direction outside the transfer distance of already processed positions potentially fuel ⁇ , irradiation should there not preferred place in some embodiments.
  • the sequence of irradiation of the material to be solidified is therefore preferably to be controlled in such a way that the impact points of the jets in the gas flow direction are always guided within a discharge distance to already processed points of the material to be solidified in the respective layer.
  • the beams are particularly preferably controlled in this way It is stated that the impact points of the jets are generally only guided against the direction of gas flow to already processed points of the material to be solidified in the respective layer.
  • a radiation source can be used to generate several beams through optics known to those skilled in the art (e.g. beam splitters). Alternatively, a beam is generated by a respective radiation source.
  • the respective points of impact of the multiple beams can be different, or at least partially identical and / or overlap.
  • the surface elements is exactly to a particular beam of each of the Fiambaen technicallye by its location on the surface of the support and / or to a gas flow outlet of the gas flow to one or meh ⁇ reren assigned to specific beams of the multiple beams before the assignment.
  • a certain area only by one or more beams are irradiated, de ⁇ ren incidence when striking the material to be solidified in a ⁇ be voted are angular range.
  • the points of incidence of the rays are at least partially controlled continuously over the surface of the carrier.
  • At least two of the center points of the impact points are located outside of the predetermined distance from one another for at least a predetermined duration. In some embodiments, there are all the means ⁇ points of impact locations for at least the predetermined duration outside of the predetermined distance to each other. This allows the layer to be efficiently irradiated in different areas.
  • a position and / or expansion are the sections on the surface of the carrier and / or a number of sections defi ⁇ defined based on: an expansion and / or position of the three-dimensional working ⁇ tee in the layer of solidifiable material, and / or a layer of
  • Scan fields of the rays which are configured via points of perpendicular incidence of rays and an extent with reference to the surface of the support and / or an angle to the axis of the respective perpendicular incidence of rays.
  • This allows advantageous ⁇ way in particular the efficiency of production of the three-dimensional workpiece are increased and a certain area only through one or more beams are irradiated, the angle of incidence when hitting the material to be solidified are in a certain angular range.
  • all sections are defined in the direction perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the gas flow with the same extent.
  • all sections in the gas flow direction of the gas flow are defined with the same extent.
  • the exposure of each surface piece in a second section is only started after the material to be consolidated of all surface pieces of the first section has been completely irradiated. This can advantageously ensure that the exposure of the second section has no effects on the material that was already exposed in the first section. This can increase the quality of the three-dimensional workpiece.
  • each point of impact is controlled in such a way that it is not located in the gas flow direction outside of a discharge distance from a point at which the material to be solidified of the respective layer has already been irradiated. This ensures that splashes that occur during exposure of a certain area only end up in another area that has already been exposed. This ensures that spatter in a certain layer is not exposed. The quality of the three-dimensional workpiece can thus be increased.
  • the number of surface pieces into which the corresponding section is divided is defined based on an extension of the section perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the gas flow and / or a position of the section in the layer of the solidifiable material.
  • fewer beams can be used in narrow component areas of the three-dimensional workpiece to be produced and the corresponding section or sections can be divided into fewer beams.
  • a number of surface pieces in a section is defined by a maximum number of rays that are exposed at the same time in the section or a multiple thereof. This can increase the efficiency of the
  • Production of the three-dimensional workpiece can be increased, in particular since all the rays are used simultaneously to expose the material to be solidified.
  • the patches in a section are essentially divided into patches of equal size.
  • each column is subdivided into equidistant pieces according to the number of rays or into surface pieces of the same size. In each of these pieces the vectors can be assigned to the corresponding ray. In this way, an even utilization of the beams can be achieved.
  • the predetermined number of mecanicnstü ⁇ corresponds CKEN each of the sections of a number of the multiple beams.
  • each of the patches which is assigned to a limited hours ⁇ th beam of the multiple beams divided into a plurality of irradiation fields ba ⁇ sierend on a beam diameter and / or the maximum deflection angle of the particular beam.
  • a closed contour of producing a three-dimensional contour of the workpiece regardless of the location of the Kon ⁇ turzugs is allocated in the patches to one or more beams, in particular only ei ⁇ nem beam.
  • a closed contour train can be used
  • Preparation be arranged a three-dimensional contour of the workpiece to a single beam ⁇ .
  • This allows the dreidimensiona ⁇ len workpiece be secured (by any possible overlap visible) a good surface quality.
  • Contours can be divided into separate areas, which can then be clearly different from the predominant grid.
  • contour trains can be processed independently of a grid superimposed on the construction field, ie the assignment of contour trains to a beam can take place independently of the allocation of patches of a grid to different processing beams. The patches themselves are still after a applied scan strategy assigned to the processing beams. An influence resulting from the positional relationships of the surface pieces to one another and a processing sequence resulting therefrom can, however, be maintained for the processing of the contour trains and surface pieces.
  • an area whose surface area is assigned to a first processing beam without the components of contour lines and through which one or more contour lines run which are assigned to one or more further processing beams is understood to be assigned only to the first processing beam.
  • the material to be consolidated is divided into the surface pieces in the respective layer by means of a grid or a superposition of several grids.
  • Schmauch can be accomplished.
  • assigning or dividing the vectors to the various beams or
  • This Alloc ⁇ voltage can be selected so that the quality of the product to dreidimensiona ⁇ len object is optimized. Thus, in some embodiments, this is based
  • Processing beams a position of the scan fields of the scanning systems in relation to the construction field are taken into account in such a way that the processing beams do not cross each other (or never at least for a predetermined period of time).
  • the subdivision of the material of the layer to be solidified is based on an exposure time assigned to the respective beams, in particular essentially uniformly distributed.
  • the overall exposure time can be reduced by increasing the efficiency of the production of the three-dimensional workpiece.
  • a first grid divides the layer into areas, each of which can be reached by single or multiple beams. The areas are configured via points of perpendicular incidence of rays and an extent with respect to the surface of the support and / or an angle to the axis of perpendicular incidence of rays.
  • a second grid divides the material to be solidified in the respective layer according to a vector alignment of vectors (e.g. hatch vectors) of the beams (for hatch vectors in a hatch pattern based on a hatch distance and a hatch rotation of the Hatch pattern), the vectors defining a progression of the rays (on the carrier surface).
  • Vector blocks can be retained, with (hatch) vectors not being split up and no microvectorization taking place.
  • a region in which the vectors (for example, Hatch vectors) merge (that is, adjacent to each other in vector direction) is not divided in various ⁇ dene sections that are assigned to different beams.
  • the ⁇ together reunification of fields can be considered.
  • the vectors for example, Hatch vectors
  • the ⁇ together reunification of fields can be considered.
  • Vector alignment of the vectors in adjacent patches can be defined in such a way that vectors at the surface boundaries do not converge. Vectors whose respective ends point to one another and have the same xy coordinates are thus not scanned by different beams at the same time. Overheating and unwanted material evaporation can be avoided in this position and in this local area, can be so prevents Po ⁇ ren arise because of a deep welding effect.
  • a merging region is therefore preferably assigned to only one ray, so that simultaneous processing of two vectors that meet one another is excluded. Particularly preferred who merged ⁇ the converging vectors, so that the merging region is eliminated.
  • the sections are designed as columns running essentially perpendicular to the gas flow direction of the gas flow, and an extension of the respective column is defined parallel to the gas flow direction of the gas flow such that each of the columns has the same number and / or the same length comprises processing vectors and / or a same computational ⁇ joint and several exposure time of the beams.
  • the scan area distribution can be used by global ⁇ to divide the scanning progress here.
  • at least one section is divided into patches so that an equal number of beams that can be used for the material to be consolidated in each patch to expose the patch and / or a substantially equal number of vectors (e.g.
  • hatch vectors in each patch and / or an essentially equal sum of the length of the vectors in each area and / or an essentially equal exposure time is achieved in each area.
  • a section is ⁇ len each of Strah in at least the one surface element has been assigned in the section of at least an equal number and / or total length of vectors (for example, Hatch vectors) and / or a moving ⁇ che exposure time and / or assigned an equal number of patches.
  • vectors for example, Hatch vectors
  • a moving ⁇ che exposure time and / or assigned an equal number of patches.
  • the marking time division-total and / or the total mark length and / or the Ge ⁇ can be made velvet Markieranress based on the.
  • control method further comprises determining, based on an irradiating the solidifying material in the layer in egg ⁇ nem first face piece with one of the beams, a range with respect to the surface of the carrier, in which an occurrence of Schmauch and / or splashes caused by the irradiation in the first patch is expected, and a determination, based on the area in which the occurrence of smoke and / or the splash is expected, whether a second patch by the jet or one other beam can be irradiated.
  • the duration for the manufacture ⁇ can development of the three-dimensional workpiece can be reduced, while ensuring that a beam does not collide with the Schmauch or no spatter, which was caused by a first beam that is melted by another beam.
  • control method is performed on a control device integrated in a multi-beam device must be carried out, but can also only partially be carried out on this.
  • parts of the control method can be carried out, for example, at a conventional PC workstation.
  • the resulting instructions for the multi-beam device can then be transferred to the multi-beam device, for example by means of a network connection or a data carrier.
  • the beams comprise laser beams, in particular all beams being laser beams.
  • the one or more radiation sources comprise lasers.
  • all laser beams have an essentially identical wavelength and / or an essentially identical power and / or an identical, in particular punctiform, shape of the point of impact.
  • the beams comprise at least two laser beams which have a different wavelength and / or a different power and / or a different shape of the point of impact.
  • the laser beams can be the same or different, i. for example, at least two laser beams can have a different wavelength and / or a different power and / or a different irradiation surface and / or a different geometry of the irradiation surface.
  • the differences can be achieved by different beam-shaping optics in the beam path of the respective beams and / or at least individual beam properties can be achieved by different laser beam sources, for example solid-state lasers (disk, rod or fiber lasers), diode lasers or gas lasers can be used.
  • a computer program is described, which can be loaded into a programmable control device, with a program code in order to carry out at least part (e.g. completely) of a control method according to the present description when the computer program is executed on the control device.
  • the present disclosure further comprises a data carrier that contains the computer program, the data carrier comprising an electrical signal, an optical signal, a radio signal or a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the present disclosure further comprises a control device for controlling a multi-beam device with one or more radiation sources for generating multiple beams of a system for manufacturing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer construction method, the control device comprising: one or more processors; and a memory containing instructions executable by the one or more processors, whereby the control device is operable to at least control the points of incidence of the beams according to d) (see above) (or completely) the method according to that described herein Execute embodiments.
  • the present disclosure includes a manufacturing apparatus for the manufacture ⁇ position a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer manufacturing method ⁇ , said manufacturing apparatus comprising: a multi-beam device having one or more radiation sources for generating a plurality of beams; and the control device according to the embodiments described herein.
  • the multiple beams can be generated by optics known to those skilled in the art, e.g. Beam splitter, are generated.
  • the surface can be solidified or synonymously ver to be solidified material, layer of material, component or device layer, and carrier powder bed with respect to a subdivision ⁇ . It is easy to understand that a division of one of the things mentioned causes an analogous division of the other. So when we talk about the construction field, this also means the material layer located in the construction field or its surface, or the component to be built there.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sketch of a scan strategy for scanning a
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sketch of a further scanning strategy for scanning a layer for the production of a three-dimensional workpiece with the aid of a generative layer construction method
  • Figure 3 shows schematic sketches of component geometries
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic sketch of a positional relationship between the construction field and scan fields of an exemplary optical configuration
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic sketch of an exemplary division of a carrier plate
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic sketch of a further exemplary division of a
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sketch of a further scanning strategy
  • Figure 8 shows a schematic sketch of a further scanning strategy
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic sketch of a subdivision of a layer
  • FIG. 10 shows a schematic sketch of a subdivision of a layer according to FIG. 10
  • Figure 11 shows a schematic sketch of a further subdivision of a layer
  • Figure 12 shows a schematic sketch of a smoke cone and its relationship to a subdivision of a layer
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic sketch of a further scanning strategy
  • FIG. 14 shows a flow diagram of a control method
  • Figure 15 shows a schematic diagram of a manufacturing apparatus
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic sketch of an interaction of a laser with a
  • FIG. 17 shows a schematic sketch of an interaction of a laser with a
  • Figure 18 shows a schematic sketch of a further subdivision of a layer
  • Figure 19 shows a schematic sketch of a further subdivision of a layer
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic sketch of a further subdivision of a layer
  • Figure 21 is a schematic diagram showing a subdivision of a layer with a radially ⁇ from the center of the construction field outwardly extending Gasströ mung, and
  • FIG. 22 shows a schematic sketch of a processing point with the clearance distance and discharge distance resulting from the position.
  • the present invention relates in particular to a scanning strategy for a multi-beam device, in particular for a multi-laser selective laser melting machine.
  • a smoke plume of a processing spot does not get into another beam (e.g. laser beam) (or vice versa, that is, that a beam (e.g. laser beam) is not steered into a smoke plume that is generated by another beam) .
  • another beam e.g. laser beam
  • the machine comprises e.g. 7, 12, 15 or more lasers, any other number of lasers can be used.
  • Some embodiments consist of a strategy of how these scan vectors can be divided between the various optics (eg laser beams) of a multi-beam machine (eg multi-laser machine).
  • the description of lasers or laser sources in the present disclosure relate equally to other radiation sources, such as, for example, particle sources (for example electron beam sources). All embodiments disclosed in the present description are therefore not necessarily restricted to lasers or laser sources.
  • Objectives of dividing the scan vectors on different optics are under at ⁇ alia a uniform utilization of all lasers as well as prevention of colli ⁇ sion of plumes with laser beams and prevent meltdown of spray particles (based on an exposure to gas flow), the waiting times between Irradiation of different areas can arise.
  • a minimum and maximum distance between the beams can be achieved by the embodiments described.
  • different exposure times despite an equal number of vectors per beam, it aims ⁇ x so that after the processing of a column of the width and the length y, which is detected by the beam, to wait for a signal that the last Vek ⁇ tor was exposed in this column. Only then, in some examples, is the exposure of the next column continued.
  • the Maximalab ⁇ is stood defined between adjacent beams, and it may be necessary that the vectors in the form of a column divided into a data register written ⁇ the.
  • the embodiments described herein allow a time and qua ⁇ formality optimized division of scan vectors to different scanning systems in a selective laser melting plant.
  • a superposition of different grids is used for this purpose in order to divide a layer into fields, which can then be assigned to an optical system based on the idea of uniform distribution over all optics.
  • a uniform progress against the direction of gas flow can be guaranteed. This gives the possibility of optimizing the time in the case of manufacturing processes that are not ideally distributed by bringing forward areas closer to the inflow of the gas, whereby the quality of the workpiece is not negatively influenced (in particular by taking into account smoke cones).
  • the contours of the workpiece to be produced For the contours of the workpiece to be produced, a quality-optimized allocation of areas of the layer to be consolidated and the optics is sought.
  • the optics areas can be limited based on the surfaces in order to be able to optimize the quality of the workpiece in these areas with regard to the deflection angle of the beam of the respective optics.
  • closed contours can be assigned as few optics as possible. For this purpose, it is possible to assign the contour trains to the machining beams independently of the division of the sections and areas, and to use the area division only to determine the processing sequence of the areas and contours. This ensures a good surface quality (if possible, no visible overlap).
  • a speed-optimized allocation is sought for the hatches, taking into account the uniform scan progress of all optics against the gas flow direction and avoiding interactions between smoke cones of an optics and areas still to be exposed.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch 100 of a scanning strategy for scanning a layer for the production of a three-dimensional workpiece using a generative layer construction method.
  • the sketch shows a lying in the building plane construction field 102, a component 104, laser spots ⁇ 106, a smoke cone 108, the direction of the gas flow 110 as well as the Rich ⁇ processing 112 in which proceeds the processing.
  • a machine configuration is assumed here, as an example, in which seven laser beams or exposure points 106 can be directed onto the construction field 102 by means of seven scanner optics, each scanner optics being able to be directed onto every point of the construction field 102, i.e. the scan fields of the scanner optics completely overlap.
  • the exposure points, here laser spots 106, are controlled such that they are always arranged approximately in a line which is perpendicular to the direction of gas flow in the construction plane (x, y).
  • the processing proceeds from left to right, ie against the gas flow.
  • the component layer (or, in the case of several components, the construction field) is subdivided in the x-direction into a suitable number of columns or sections (in this example numbered from columns 1-13).
  • the columns do not necessarily have to be straight, but can, for example, be bounded along checkerboard fields (vector blocks), which can be rotated by an angle to the columns shown.
  • a minimum distance and / or a maximum distance between two laser spots may be defined in the algorithm, so that if narrow part areas as shown in Figure 1 in the right part of the component, not all (in this example, 7) laser for a coming ⁇ set, but the sections only on a smaller number of lasers (e.g. 5 lasers) can be split up. This may be advantageous in order to have excessive ⁇ A flow of syringes to avoid the adjacent laser and a local overheating ⁇ wetting through the use of multiple lasers in a narrow location area to prevent.
  • Each column is divided into equidistant patches according to the number of lasers. As equidistant patches large area pieces are here equal verstan ⁇ . In each of these patches, the vectors are assigned to the corresponding laser.
  • the column width can, for example, be selected in advance as a fixed value or also be selected as a function of an existing hatch pattern, which is present, for example, as fields with hatch vectors.
  • the column width can be selected such that the columns are divided into fields (according to the number of beam sources) whose number of vectors and / or their vector length and / or their exposure time is approximately evenly distributed.
  • the column width can also be selected as a function of a minimum and / or maximum distance between two laser spots.
  • This scanning strategy allows a very simple breakdown of the device layer, regardless of the component geometry and also to calculate with low computing capacity in health ⁇ space of time. Due to the column-wise processing, the
  • FIG. 2 shows an example of a further scanning strategy 200 in which the gas flow direction of the gas flow 110 and the direction 202 of the processing sequence of the checkerboard fields are shown for each of the lasers.
  • a machine configuration is assumed here, for example, in which twelve laser beams can be directed onto the construction field 102 by means of twelve scanner optics, each scanner optics being able to be directed onto a line of the construction field 102 extending in the processing direction 202 over the entire width of the construction field 102.
  • the extension of the line perpendicular to the processing direction 202 is designed such that the scan fields of the scanner optics at least partially overlap.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic sketch of component geometries 300. The gas flow direction of the gas flow 110 and the direction 302 of the exposure against the gas flow are shown.
  • the assumed machine configuration can include, for example, fifteen or more scanner optics, each scanner optics being able to be aimed at a line of the construction field 102 extending in the machining direction 302 over the entire width of the construction field 102.
  • the extension of the line perpendicular to the machining direction ⁇ 202 is executed so that the scan fields of the scanner optics overlap at least partially.
  • so many beams can also be provided that the laser spots only have to be guided over the construction field with a parallel advance in the machining direction 302; for this purpose, several beams can also be directed by means of a common optical system.
  • the laser spots do not necessarily have to have a round geometry, but can also have an oval, rectangular or polygonal geometry, for example.
  • the one or more optics do not necessarily have to be scanner optics; it can also be one or more movable processing optics.
  • the laser spots are always arranged approximately in a row perpendicular to the direction of gas flow.
  • the points in the sketch in FIG. 3 thus represent the laser spots or fusible bands at different times in the machining direction 302.
  • the strategy also works accordingly if a large number of components are arranged on the platform.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the relationships of an exemplary optical configuration with seven scanner optics for building field 102.
  • the points 401-407 zei ⁇ gene, the positions of the laser beams at a normal beam incidence on the building area 102 of the respective scanner optics, ie the so-called optical center points.
  • the field 411 represents the scan field of the optics belonging to the point 401
  • the field 416 represents the scan field of the optics belonging to the point 406.
  • the scan fields of the optics belonging to the points 402-405 are not shown for reasons of clarity, but are shown in FIG Size analogous to fields 411 and 416.
  • the scan field of the optics belonging to point 407 covers the entire construction field 102.
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic sketch of an exemplary partitioning 500 of the Baufel ⁇ , ie, a carrier plate or of the layer of material to be solidified, which is applied to the carrier surface, for a machine having an optical configuration according to FIG. 4
  • the basic idea here is that the production platform is completely divided in this example into three global column 511-513, which lobe portions by the over ⁇ result of the scan fields of optics configuration.
  • Each column is in the ⁇ sem Example then divided into a plurality of rows. Each row is then assigned a specific optic.
  • the first column 511 and the third column 513 are divided into four rows, and the second column 512 is divided into seven rows, based on the number of optics that reach the respective column.
  • FIG. 6 shows a schematic sketch of a further scan strategy 600 which is based on the division from FIG.
  • an optimal position of the boundary of a row is calculated for each column based on an optimization of a hatch distribution.
  • an approximately uniform distribution of the number and / or length of the hatch vectors can be aimed for.
  • the position of the boundaries of the row is no longer fixed in this example, individual rows can be made wider than other rows.
  • this is shown in the third main column 513, in which the two inner rows are significantly narrower than the outer ones because, for example, a component geometry (not shown) in the third main column 513 of the component layer to be processed is limited to an area in the middle of the column is. The production speed of the workpiece can thus be optimized.
  • each of the three main columns 511-513 is subdivided into additional sub-columns in accordance with FIG.
  • the processing of a following column only begins when all rows contained in the column have been processed. This can improve the behavior with regard to the smoke cone and the splashes. A laser beam leading in a row is not so far possible that it can be impaired by its smoke cone.
  • the column size ⁇ a defined maximum distance between two adjacent laser spots is strictly adhered to. For this purpose, for example, a column width equal to the maximum distance can be selected. In order to prevent microvectors, a segment reaching into an adjacent grid cell may be allowed.
  • the minimum cell size is defined here and depends on the width of a column or the chessboard patch (maximum length of a hatch vector).
  • the columns are irradiated in a synchronized manner. All rows in a column can e.g. be irradiated simultaneously. The irradiation of the next column is started when the previous column has been irradiated by all optics or scanners. The problems that can be caused by smoke cones or splashes generated by a forward laser beam are thereby solved or
  • Figure 6 also shows that the row boundaries in the third main column 513 are shifted more towards the center because e.g. the component to be generated has more area to be generated in the third main column than in the edge area.
  • a change in the row distribution can be permitted not only when the main column changes, but also from sub-column to sub-column.
  • the sub-columns can in particular also be viewed as sections themselves.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic sketch of a further scan strategy 700.
  • the irradiation of the cell 702 is potentially blocked by the cells 704, since an irradiation of the cell 702 would result in a smoke cone, which would negatively affect the component quality if the cells 704 were simultaneously irradiated.
  • the definition of which cells would be negatively influenced by the smoke cone when irradiated at the same time depends on parameters such as the component material, the laser power applied (i.e. spot size, laser power per area, deflection speed) and the desired component quality. Cell 702 can therefore not be irradiated before the component geometries to be built located in the cells 704 have been irradiated.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic sketch of a further scan strategy 800.
  • the grid is further defined.
  • the grid was aligned with the axes. Depending on the grid size, this can result in many separate vector blocks.
  • the grid is not aligned to the axes, but a cell grid 810 is used which is aligned to a hatch pattern, the ⁇ sen fields 820 in the example are rotated by 45 ° to the axes and the hatch vector gates 825 include. This results in fewer decompositions for the same
  • Grid size and fewer cells are defined overall, which increases the construction output for manufacturing the workpiece.
  • the grid forms a right angle with the direction of the hatch segments, or divides the construction field into right-angled fields 820.
  • the scan field is divided in such a way that a multigrid aligned with the hatch rotation is used for uniform distribution of hatch vectors over all available optics with a synchronized scan progress against the gas flow direction 110 and taking into account interactions with the smoke.
  • the arrows show 801 to 807 hen seven Optikrei ⁇ , the machining directions ie seven side by side working machining rays.
  • the grid in Figure 8 is selected so that the fields is 820 - nition at a Spaltendefi ⁇ , each having a field in each of the optical rows per column contains 801-807 - from the perspective of the gas flow direction 110 undercut. If all the processing beams are directed onto the construction field at the same time, it can happen that two beams work simultaneously one behind the other in the gas flow direction. This can be accepted with a sufficiently small distance from one another, without a serious deterioration in the component quality, see comments on FIG. 17. The maximum distance up to which the mutual influence does not exceed a certain amount is referred to herein as the clearance distance.
  • the clearance distance can depend on the
  • the clearance distance for each beam combination can be different from one another. Since two jets are allowed to work one behind the other in the gas flow direction at this defined distance from interference, two points of incidence of the jets that are within an unobstructed distance from one another are used to check the curve relationship that a curve laid through the points of incidence does not have a tangent at any time runs parallel to the direction of gas flow, treated as a point with the position of its center.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic sketch of a subdivision of a layer or of the construction field.
  • a grid 900 is defined here, taking into account the maximum achievable areas of the respective optics according to the optics configuration from FIG. 4 via the point of perpendicular incidence of a beam and its extent in the x and y directions.
  • fields are displayed Errei ⁇ sponding optics including their allocation of this field.
  • Figure 10 shows a schematic sketch of a ⁇ build on the grid of Figure 9 the further sub-division of a layer, or of the construction field 102nd
  • the grid 1000 is based on a superimposition of the grid of FIG. 9 with a further grid that is defined according to the vector alignment with dynamic consideration of the hatch rotation per slice.
  • the grid results from the hatch distance and the hatch rotation.
  • Hatch vectors are not split and microvectorization does not take place.
  • combined hatch vectors can be displayed undivided, taking into account a combination of fields.
  • a correction of the vector direction in the case of merged hatch vector blocks can be carried out in some embodiments.
  • Vectors with their respective ends pointing towards each other and having the same xy coordinates are not scanned by different beams at the same time. Overheating and unwanted material evaporation can be avoided in this position and in this local area, can be so prevents pores are formed due to a deep silence ⁇ ß cements.
  • the fields generated in the grid 1000 are overlaid with the areas from FIG. 9, each of which can be reached by certain optics.
  • a field can potentially be assigned to that optic.
  • the allocation of the fields to the optics then occurs as a function of the distribution of the component geometry, the actual hatch arrangement in the building field 102, as well as possibly further parameters which influence the part quality and / or the processing time be ⁇ ie.
  • a further division into columns and / or rows can also take place in accordance with one of the strategies described above.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic sketch of a further subdivision of a layer or of the construction field 102.
  • the grid 1100 defines columns perpendicular to the gas flow direction with variable widths, so that there is as even a number and length of hatch vectors as possible in each column, which can be evenly distributed over all optics. This can be approximated using areas in order to save the calculation time for this.
  • the grid 1100 is thus based on columns with a uniform scanning area per optic.
  • a minimum number of columns is defined, which results from a minimum width of the columns.
  • the minimum width of a column results from the hatch length and the hatch rotation.
  • the gaps are processed against the direction of gas flow 110.
  • the column boundaries do not necessarily have to be straight lines perpendicular to the gas flow direction, but can also be free-form.
  • the grid 1000 from FIG. 10 can be assumed; for this purpose, the grid 1000 is applied to the component structures 104 to be generated in the building plane.
  • the division into columns then takes place in accordance with a uniform distribution of the vector lengths, exposure times and / o ⁇ the exposure area on the scanner optics. Based on the respective
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic sketch of such a smoke cone.
  • the restricted areas of a field are all fields to the left of the field that are overlaid by the smoke cone.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic sketch of a further scanning strategy.
  • field A6 is currently being processed by optics 4.
  • field B6 through optics 4 field A7 through optics 5 and field E2 still to be processed the optics 2.
  • optical system 2 is completed, it is checked whether the next of these optics can be exposed to ⁇ child fields.
  • the next field for optics 2 is field E2. This is "released” for exposure when the fields marked by the regions 1302 (ie the fields to the left of the regions 1302) are completed with the exposure.
  • the definition of the regions 1302 depends on the smoke / spatter angle and can be from the defined fields or a function (x, y in the construction field).
  • optics 2 can begin to expose field E2 as soon as the exposure of field A6 has been completed. There is no need to wait for field B6 to be exposed.
  • FIG. 14 shows a flow diagram of an exemplary control method 1400.
  • control method 1400 includes a step S1402 for providing ⁇ position of the scan fields of the individual processing beams in the building field, the possible processing areas that is, the beams for solidification of the to be solidified material in the respective layer in the construction field, as well as data to a gas flow rich ⁇ processing.
  • step S1402 the parameters of the current machine configuration are provided.
  • step S1404 the component geometry is riding provided in the respective layer in the construction field be ⁇ , that is, the selectively solidifying areas.
  • step S1406 the regions of the respective layer to be consolidated are then divided into at least two sections which extend at least partially one behind the other in the gas flow direction.
  • the number and / or position and / or shape of the sections can be determined by the optical configuration of the machine, for example by the number and processing areas of the beams for solidifying the material.
  • the number and / or position and / or shape of the sections can also be determined by the observation areas of one or more sensors and / or by the position and / or shape and / or the desired quality of the component geometry in the layer to be hardened and / or the resulting Vectors, based on which the rays to solidify the material over the
  • Material layer are directed, be influenced.
  • the angular deflection of the scanner mirror and / or the introduced laser power and / or an acceptable influence from smoke cones and / or the position of merging regions of hatch vectors and / or construction time optimization can be taken into account.
  • the sections can be selected in such a way that the sections have a relationship of a possible negative influence without further subdivision to one another if at least two sections were processed at the same time, i.e. that if at least part of a section is processed at the same time, the processing of at least part of another section would be negatively influenced.
  • step S1408 at least one section is divided into at least two patches.
  • the classification criteria are essentially the same as for the subdivision into the sections, in particular the number of laser beams possible in the section for exposure and / or a vector distribution for controlling the beams on the material to be solidified can determine the number of surface pieces.
  • the surface pieces are preferably chosen so that the simultaneous processing of at least two surface pieces in one section is made possible.
  • one of the methods and strategies described above can be used to subdivide the patches.
  • the other sections can also be divided into patches or contain only one patch. After the at least one section has been divided into at least two surface pieces, the material to be consolidated is therefore divided into at least three surface pieces in the respective layer.
  • each patch is assigned to exactly one processing beam.
  • contours of a component to be generated can run over several surface pieces and then apply independently of the assignment, that is, in the context of the invention, they are not and cannot be considered part of the surface piece thus can also be processed by a beam other than the beam assigned to the patch.
  • each patch is not only assigned a processing beam, but also a processing sequence of all patches assigned to a beam is determined globally or in sections.
  • a method is preferably selected from the strategies described above which provides the fastest possible processing under the required framework conditions (eg component quality).
  • the processing beams are controlled according to the allocation and possibly designated order, being solidified to at least one time to ver ⁇ Firming material in at least two patches, that is, wherein at least two processing beams irradiate two patches simultaneously.
  • Individual steps of the steps S1402-S1412 may include sub-steps, except ⁇ the can before, between, and other steps are executed / or after steps S1402-S1412.
  • the control method 1400 does not have to be used for every layer of the material to be consolidated or of the component. It is also possible to carry out individual or several steps outside of a multi-beam device, for example at a computer workstation. Only
  • FIG. 15 shows a schematic diagram of a heel splitting device 2000.
  • the production device 2000 comprises a multi-beam device 2002 with one or more radiation sources for generating a plurality of beams.
  • the multi-beam device can also have one or more optics, for example scanner optics.
  • the manufacturing device further comprises a control device 2004 connected to the multi-beam device for executing the control method according to the embodiments described herein.
  • a material bed (here powder bed) 1506 for receiving settable material 1510, through the selective Verfesti ⁇ a component supply 104 is prepared.
  • the surface of the material bed 1506 forms the construction field 102.
  • a vertically adjustable carrier 1505 for receiving the material 1510 is arranged in the material bed 1506.
  • the figure shows a point in time at which four material layers 1511-1514 are already arranged on the carrier, the topmost material layer 1514 being currently being processed.
  • the uppermost material layer 1514 shows different areas, a first zigzag hatched area 1521 representing solidifiable material that is not intended for solidification.
  • a second obliquely hatched area 1522 shows this Production of the component 104 represents material to be consolidated.
  • a third brick-shaped hatched area 1523 represents the already consolidated material.
  • the manufacturing device 2000 can also contain sensors (not shown), for example radiation sensors such as cameras, which are assigned to the construction field 102 and / or the multi-beam device 2002 or can be contained therein and can be connected to the control device 2004.
  • the manufacturing device 2000 has a gas supply device 1500, for example in the form of a nozzle or several nozzles, through which gas in one (possibly locally to different points n of the construction field of different) gas flow directions 110 for the removal of smoke and / or syringes produced during the processing via the processing points 106 ', 106 ".
  • FIGS. 16 and 17 show schematic sketches of an interaction of a laser with splashes 1601 generated by a second laser and a plume of smoke 1602.
  • the laser 1 interacts with the plume of smoke 1602 caused by the laser 2.
  • the distance between the two lasers in the x direction is relatively large (compared to the example shown in FIG. 17).
  • the smoke plume is relatively strong in the z-direction.
  • Laser beam 1 is defocused by the smoke plume. This results in a reduced energy input into the powder bed.
  • laser 1 also interacts with the plume of smoke caused by laser 2.
  • the distance between the two lasers in the x direction is relatively small.
  • the smoke plume is relatively small in the z-direction.
  • the laser beam 1 is only weakly defocused by the smoke plume.
  • a reduced energy input into the powder bed can be limited by a defined, maximum distance in the x-direction.
  • FIG. 18 shows a subdivision of a construction field 102 into a first section 1810 and a second section 1820. Section 1810 extends in the direction of gas flow behind section 1820. The dividing line of the two sections runs diagonally across the construction field and is thus based on component structures 104a, 104b in the illustrated material layer. According to the invention, the processing of structure 104a will take place at least partially before structure 104b.
  • FIG. 19 shows a further subdivision of a construction site 102 into a first circular section 1910, a second circular section 1920 and a third section 1930 which encloses the two sections 1910 and 1920.
  • the sections can be example chosen so because the component structure has 104 in the areas of sections 1910 and 1920 higher quality requirements, or because the Bauteilge ⁇ ometrie there for a processing may be unfavorable. According to the invention, the processing of the sections 1910 and 1920 will at least partially take place before the section 1930, if necessary the processing of the sections 1910 and 1920 can take place at least partially at the same time.
  • Figure 20 shows a further sectioning.
  • a first section 2010 and a second section 2020 do not contain the entire construction field 102, but are oriented in accordance with a component structure 104.
  • the division can be made, for example, on the basis of an even distribution of the exposure time.
  • Section 2010 will be at least partially processed by Section 2020.
  • FIG. 21 shows a further subdivision of the material layer, or of the construction field 102, or of the component 104. In this example, one is derived from a center of the
  • the construction field includes a first section 2101, a second section 2102, a third section 2103 and a fourth section 2104. All other sections extend completely behind section 2101 in the gas flow direction 110 '.
  • the fourth section 2104 extends partially behind in the gas flow direction 110' the third section 2103.
  • FIG. 22 shows a point of impact 106 of a first laser beam on the material layer located in the construction field 102.
  • the processing point 106 results with the unmolested distance U as a radius (if one considers the processing point 106 as
  • curve spacing assumes an undisturbed zone 2201 in which a second laser beam could be irradiated at the same time.
  • a curve piece 2202 shows with the discharge distance as a radius or Curve spacing is a limit behind which no simultaneous or subsequent exposure of the first or second laser should take place in the gas flow direction.
  • Control method for controlling a multi-beam device with one or more radiation sources for generating several beams for a system for manufacturing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer construction method comprising:
  • the radiation for solidifying a layer of the ert are to be solidified mate rials ⁇ for producing the three-dimensional workpiece substantially opposite the gas flow direction of the gas flow over the surface of the carrier gesteu ⁇ ;
  • control method further comprises:
  • each of the sections Subdivide each of the sections into a predetermined number of patches, each of the patches being associated with one or more particular rays of the plurality of rays that solidify the material to be consolidated in the associated patch, and wherein each of the sections is based on a predefined minimum spacing and / or maximum distance between adjacent beams at the impingement of the beams on the surface of the carrier during the solidification of the layer is divided to be solidified material to prepare the dreidi ⁇ dimensional workpiece into the surface of the pieces.
  • Example 2 The control method of Example 1, wherein the predetermined number of patches into which the corresponding section is divided, based on a strain-off ⁇ the section perpendicular to the defined gas flow direction of the gas flow and wherein the expansion is based on an expansion of the three-dimensional workpiece in the layer to be solidified.
  • Example 7 The control method of Example 6, forming a closed contour for the manufacture ⁇ position is allocated to less than a ⁇ limited hours th number of the multiple beams of a three-dimensional contour of the workpiece.
  • Example 9 The control method of Example 8, wherein a first raster surface, the layer in preparation ⁇ which are maximum respectively achieved by the multiple beams splits.
  • Example 12 The control method of Example 11, wherein the vectors comprise hatch vectors, and wherein the second raster shows the layer of material to be consolidated according to the vector orientation of the hatch vectors in a hatch pattern based on a hatch distance and a hatch rotation of the Hatch patterns, the hatch vectors defining the progression of the rays.
  • Example 13 The control method of Example 11 or 12, wherein a region in which the vectors merge, not into different sections, the different rays zugeord ⁇ net is divided.
  • Control method according to one of Examples 11 to 14 when dependent on one of Examples 9 or 10, wherein the layer is divided into the patches based on the superposition of the first grid with the second grid.
  • Control method according to one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the layer is subdivided based on a number of radiation sources usable for a field of the layer for scanning the field, a number of vectors in the field and a length of the vectors. 19. Control method according to one of Examples 1 to 18, wherein each of the radiation sources in one of the sections is assigned an equal number and / or length of vectors.
  • Determining, based on the area of the smoke and / or the splashes, whether a second patch is caused by the jet or another jet, taking into account a position of the jet or the other jets upon impact on the layer relative to the area of the smoke and / or the splash, can be irradiated.
  • a computer program that can be loaded into a programmable control device, with a program code to carry out a control method according to one of Examples 1 to 21 when the computer program is based on the
  • Control device is running.
  • control means for controlling a multi-beam device having one or more radiation sources for generating a plurality of beams for a plant for the production of a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer ⁇ construction method, wherein said control means comprises:
  • Manufacturing device for manufacturing a three-dimensional workpiece by means of a generative layer construction method, the manufacturing device comprising:
  • a multi-beam device with one or more radiation sources for generating several beams
  • control device according to example 24.

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de commande pour commander un dispositif à multiples rayonnements, pourvu d'une ou de plusieurs sources de rayonnement pour générer plusieurs rayonnements, d'une installation de fabrication d'une pièce tridimensionnelle au moyen d'un procédé de construction génératif couche par couche, selon lequel un matériau durcissable pour la fabrication de la pièce tridimensionnelle est déposé couche par couche sur une surface d'un support et le matériau durcissable est durci par les multiples rayonnements dans une couche respective en des points d'incidence respectifs des multiples rayonnements sur le matériau durcissable, les points d'incidence des rayonnements pour le durcissement de zones sélectives d'une des couches du matériau durcissable pour la fabrication de la pièce tridimensionnelle étant commandés chacun sensiblement à l'opposé d'une direction d'écoulement d'un gaz sur la surface du support. Le procédé de commande comprend : (a) la division du matériau à durcir dans la couche respective en au moins deux sections, deux sections parmi les deux sections ou plus s'étendant au moins en partie l'une derrière l'autre dans la direction de l'écoulement d'un gaz régnant au-dessus desdites deux sections; (b) la division d'au moins une des deux sections parmi les deux sections ou plus en au moins deux surfaces planes; (c) l'attribution de chacune des zones planes à précisément un rayonnement défini, qui durcit le matériau à durcir dans la zone plane attribuée; (d) la commande des points d'incidence des rayonnements de manière que, à au moins un instant d'une exposition du matériau à durcir, le matériau à durcir est durci dans au moins deux zones planes, et un réseau, fait de lignes droites reliant chaque centre des points d'incidence à chaque autre centre des points d'incidence, ne comprend à aucun instant de l'exposition, au cours duquel tous les centres des points d'incidence se trouvent les uns par rapport aux autres en dehors d'une distance prédéfinie, une droite parallèle à l'écoulement de gaz régnant au-dessus des deux sections parmi les deux sections ou plus.
EP20708079.7A 2019-03-04 2020-03-02 Procédé de commande, système de commande et dispositif de fabrication Pending EP3934833A1 (fr)

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US20220193769A1 (en) 2022-06-23
WO2020178216A1 (fr) 2020-09-10

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