EP3926292A1 - Projectile and ammunition - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a projectile (1) with a projectile casing (2) and an ogive (4) placed on the projectile casing (2), the ogive (4) and the projectile casing (2) being connected to one another by a threaded profile connection (6). are connected, wherein the thread profile connection (6) has several threads.

Description

The invention relates to a projectile with a projectile casing and an ogive placed on the projectile casing, the ogive and the projectile casing being connected to one another by a threaded profile connection.

The invention also relates to ammunition, in particular artillery ammunition, comprising such a projectile.

Artillery ammunition is usually fired from mobile weapon systems. These weapon systems are dimensioned in different calibers and, due to their weight, can only be moved with the aid of vehicles.

In the past, artillery munitions consisted of a one-piece warhead and a detonator. In the case of a cargo hull, the warhead is at least two-part (hull and base), and often also three-part (ogive, hull, base). The warhead can be designed to be variable and accordingly perform different tasks. With regard to these tasks, the projectiles can be broken down into explosive, high-explosive, practice, light and smoke projectiles, for example. A division is also made on the basis of their basic functionality into floors with and without discharge.

Projectiles without ejection, for example conventional high explosive projectiles, in which the shell is broken up in the target area via a head detonator and the shell is produced into ballistically effective splinters in the course of a detonation of an explosive charge. A fragmentation projectile with a marker charge, for example, discloses the DE 3919314 A1 .

In contrast, projectiles with ejection, often also referred to as cargo projectiles, have a carrier shell and an inserted ejection system, by means of which one or more secondary units are ejected in the target area. The effect of the secondary unit is often set via a delay element only after the ejection. Well-known representatives here are, for example, light and smoke bullets, such as in the DE 10 2007 057 184 A1 disclosed.

As practice ammunition, there are solutions that aim to simulate the signature of a regular explosive projectile, for example with regard to the smoke blast and lightning effect, for the purpose of the training operation of military forces. In the DE 10 2011 010 183 A1 For example, a known internal structure of an explosive projectile with a one-piece shell in a multi-part cargo projectile shell is disclosed.

Artillery ammunition is usually powered by a multi-stage adjustable propellant charge (e.g .: propellant charge 155mm modular DM72 / DM 82 / DM 92). There are different forms of propellant charge, but the weight of the charge can always be adjusted to the required flight path / flight distance.

During the burning of the propellant charge, the artillery ammunition is accelerated by the almost explosive and rapidly expanding combustion gases.

For range-increased cargo projectiles with a required high payload (fog / light bodies, etc.), projectile casings with slim projectile contours in the ogive area and a large interior volume are used. This requires a small wall thickness of the projectile shell.

In order to avoid a complex forging process in the production of the projectile casing and to simplify the internal machining of the projectile contour, these projectile casings are usually constructed in several parts.

Particular attention should be paid to the connection of the front ogive with the storey shell or the middle part of the storey, since due to the slim ogive contour and the requirement for a high payload, only a small amount of space is available for connecting these components. This connection is usually formed using a single-thread fine thread.

Due to the demand of the users for payload-optimized bullets with a long range, a lot of effort is made during production with regard to the strength of the raw material (high-strength steels) and the tightening torque of the components to be joined, the ogive and bullet casing. Furthermore, a great deal of effort is made with regard to gluing the components in order to avoid components slipping through during the swirl acceleration.

These challenges for connecting the multi-part and at the same time slim storey shell have so far been taken into account through various measures. On the one hand, high-strength steels are used to allow the necessary very high tightening torques between the components. Furthermore, the adhesive points were cleaned in advance with a great deal of effort and a very homogeneous bond was implemented with two-component epoxy adhesives when the bond was carried out. In addition, measures to increase the friction torque (sandblasting, friction coatings) were implemented on the end faces of the components to be connected and very small manufacturing tolerances for the threads were selected.

The trajectory of artillery projectiles is usually spin stabilized. Since the twist is designed clockwise, the add-on parts installed in front of the bullet's guide band (in this case Ogive) are provided with a right-hand thread and are installed with a high torque in order to achieve tension between the components. This high torque must be generated using appropriate devices. The torque to be applied depends on the moments of inertia of the components and the maximum twist acceleration.

Since the torque during the spin acceleration is very often higher than the torque that can actually be applied during assembly, the thread connection must be manufactured very precisely and bonded completely homogeneously with two-component adhesives.

The interfaces (end faces) of the components must be increased in the coefficient of friction by suitable measures so that loosening of the threaded connections can also be inhibited, although friction coatings are partially removed or smoothed again during assembly by the relative movements to one another.

Depending on the type of bullet and the firing load, additional form-fitting pinning / toothing may be necessary.

In order to be able to apply the high torques with fragile projectile casing cross-sections at the same time, the steel raw material must meet high requirements in terms of tensile strength, notched impact strength and purity. This is only possible by restricting undesired alloy components (such as, for example, sulfur and phosphorus) and strictly adhering to the proportion of desired alloy components. The assembly devices must be very robust in order to generate the torque. Despite all the measures, the additional expenses described in the case of small error influences are sometimes borderline and require fewer controls.

The invention is therefore based on the object of creating a connection between the projectile casing and the ogive, which allows the technological effort to produce a connection between the ogive and the projectile casing to be reduced.

This object is achieved by the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements and developments are the subject of the subclaims.

According to the invention, a projectile is provided with a projectile casing and an ogive placed on the projectile casing. The ogive and the projectile shell are connected to one another by a threaded profile connection. The thread profile connection has several threads.

The invention is based primarily on the use of a threaded profile connection between the ogive and the projectile casing (or a central projectile part or other projectile casing components). The thread profile connection is multi-thread, i.e. it has several threads that run next to each other and that are simultaneously engaged.

Furthermore, the thread profile connection has a large pitch angle and thus a large thread pitch ((P = π * d ₂ * tan (ap)) in order to handle the very high screwing forces that usually occur with small thread pitches (screwing force = (force * lever arm / pitch)) The greater the pitch of the thread profile, the lower the screwing force that occurs during the projectile's acceleration and thus the force that pushes both components (ogive and projectile casing) apart.

In this way, a thread profile connection is made available, the manufacturing complexity of which, in particular with regard to the required accuracies and tolerances, is reduced during manufacture.

Furthermore, thanks to the design of the thread profile connection according to the invention, high-strength steels can be dispensed with. Up to now, high-strength steels were necessary to manufacture the fine threads that were previously used. This further reduces the manufacturing effort, since the machining effort when machining the steels is reduced. Furthermore, the material costs are reduced.

In one embodiment, the thread profile of the thread profile connection is a stable, solid and flat thread profile which, due to its design, is capable of absorbing large forces.

The advantages of the projectile according to the invention are furthermore that increased spin accelerations of future and current (artillery) weapon systems are reliably withstood.

Furthermore, it is achieved that the inner projectile shell tension is reduced by redirecting the force flows. Due to the multi-thread design, a particularly high pitch angle can be selected, which has a positive influence on this diversion of the power flows.

The inventive design of the thread profile connection prevents thread failure, since the thread profile connection has a stable interface geometry.

Furthermore, the projectile according to the invention and its thread profile connection mean that the assembly time and the assembly costs can be reduced, since no multi-component gluing and prior cleaning and degreasing of the thread profile connection are necessary. However, this was previously necessary when using conventional threads, especially fine threads, to connect the ogive and the bullet casing.

Furthermore, the manufacturing effort in the production of the thread profile connection can be reduced by the fact that friction coatings or changes in the surface quality can be dispensed with during the production of the thread profile connection.

According to the invention, the ogive can be designed with an external thread and the projectile casing with an internal thread, so that the ogive can be screwed into the projectile casing.

Alternatively, however, the ogive can also be designed with an internal thread and the projectile casing with an external thread.

With regard to the multiple turns of the thread, it can be provided, for example, that the thread profile connection has at least 3 thread turns. However, it can also be provided that the thread profile connection has 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10 thread turns.

The thread profile connection preferably has between 4 and 7 thread turns.

The projectile can preferably be an artillery projectile, in particular as part of an artillery ammunition.

Furthermore, according to the invention, ammunition is provided which comprises such a projectile or a projectile according to the further development described below.

The projectile can be a light, smoke, smoke, bang, lightning, signal, training or explosive projectile.

The ammunition can be artillery ammunition.

In one embodiment, the ogive can have an ogive thread profile and the bullet casing a bullet casing thread profile to form the thread profile connection.

The geometry of the bullet shell thread profile can deviate from the geometry of the ogive thread profile. Both components can, however, always be joined together.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the projectile casing thread profile has flat flank tips and / or the ogive thread profile has flat flank tips.

In one embodiment, the flank tips of the projectile casing thread profile and / or the ogive thread profile are designed in accordance with the flank tips of a flat thread or a trapezoidal thread.

It can be provided that the projectile casing thread profile has a rounding in the transition between the flank of the projectile casing thread profile and the flank tip.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the ogive thread profile has a rounding in the transition between the flank of the ogive thread profile and the flank base of the ogive thread profile.

The roundings of the projectile casing thread profile and the ogive thread profile correspond to one another and are assigned to one another in the assembled state.

Alternatively, the arrangement of the roundings on the projectile casing thread profile and ogive thread profile can also be reversed on the respective thread profiles, as long as these are assigned to one another accordingly.

The projectile can provide that the thread profile connection on the ogive and / or on the projectile casing, preferably each thread turn of the ogive and / or the projectile casing, has an insertion bevel. This improves the mountability of the ogive on the projectile shell.

It can be provided that the threaded profile connection has a first latching device.

The formation of such a form-fitting latching device prevents the thread profile connection from being "over-tightened".

These latching devices, which include form-fitting elements on the face, prevent stress-dependent deformations.

It can further be provided that the ogive has a first latching element and the projectile casing has a first latching recess in order to form the first latching device.

The projectile can also be designed in such a way that the threaded profile connection has a second latching device.

The formation of such a form-fitting latching device prevents the thread profile connection from being "over-tightened".

It can be provided that the projectile casing has a second latching element to form the second latching device and the ogive has a second latching recess.

Furthermore, as an alternative or in addition to the first and / or second latching device, the bullet casing and / or the ogive can have rings inserted at the end, which prevent radial deformation of the thread profile connection, in particular the ogive thread profile and / or the bullet casing thread profile.

In one embodiment, the thread profile connection can have a pitch angle of 30 ° to 45 °.

The flank angles of the ap of the thread profile are preferably designed to be very flat.

In one embodiment, it can be provided that the ogive thread profile and / or the projectile casing thread profile, in particular the entire thread profile connection, has a flank angle α of 4 ° to 20 °, preferably 5 ° to 17 °, in particular 14 °.

This ensures that the thread flanks cannot slide off one another in the event of high axial and radial loads, thus preventing the thread from “over-turning”.

The projectile can also be used to secure the connection between the ogive and the projectile shell via screws on the end face.

The projectile can furthermore comprise at least one axial end-face pinning as additional securing of the screwed ogive.

Furthermore, the projectile can comprise at least one radial end-face pinning as an additional safeguard for the screwed ogive.

Furthermore, instead of or in addition to the first and / or second locking device, a friction ring can be formed, as described in the parallel application Bullet and Ammunition, the inventors Dau, Weise and Borchert, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In addition, the surfaces of the first and / or second latching device and / or the friction ring can be roughened in order to have a higher coefficient of friction than an unroughened surface.

In an embodiment of the ammunition it can be provided that the projectile is a light, fog, smoke, pop, lightning, signal, training or explosive projectile.

Furthermore, according to another aspect of the application, it can be provided that a thread profile connection as described above in connection with the projectile and in particular the connection between the projectile and the ogive is designed generally for use on a projectile. This makes it possible for such a thread profile connection to be provided at other joining points on the floor and for components to be joined with it.

Further details and advantages of the invention emerge from the following exemplary embodiment explained with reference to figures.

Fig. 1

eine schematische Darstellung einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform eines Geschosses, wobei die Geschosshülle teilweise geschnitten dargestellt ist;

Fig. 2

eine weitere schematische Darstellung der ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Geschosses, wobei die Geschosshülle teilweise geschnitten dargestellt ist;

Fig. 3

eine schematische Darstellung der ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Geschosses;

Fig.4

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung der ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Geschosses;

Fig.5

eine schematische Schnittdarstellung eines Bereichs des Geschosshüllengewindeprofils der ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Geschosses; und

Fig.6

eine schematische Darstellung eines Bereichs des Ogivengewindeprofils der ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform des Geschosses.

Show it:

Fig. 1

a schematic representation of a first embodiment of a projectile according to the invention, wherein the projectile casing is shown partially in section;

Fig. 2

a further schematic representation of the first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention, the projectile casing being shown partially in section;

Fig. 3

a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention;

Fig. 4

a schematic sectional view of the first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention;

Fig. 5

a schematic sectional view of a region of the projectile casing thread profile of the first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention; and

Fig. 6

a schematic representation of a region of the ogive thread profile of the first embodiment of the projectile according to the invention.

Fig. 1 shows a schematic sectional view of a projectile 1, the projectile being shown in an assembled state. Fig. 2 shows a further schematic representation of the first embodiment of the projectile 1 according to the invention, the projectile casing 2 being shown partially in section. The floor 1 is shown here in a non-assembled state.

The projectile 1 comprises a projectile casing 2 and an ogive 4 placed on the projectile casing 2. The ogive 4 and the projectile casing 2 are connected to one another by a threaded profile connection 6.

Like in the Fig. 1 and the Fig. 2 can be seen, the thread profile connection 6 has several threads.

To form the thread profile connection 6, the ogive 4 has an ogive thread profile 6.2 and the projectile casing 2 has a projectile casing thread profile 6.1. According to the Fig. 1 and 2 The first embodiment shown, the ogive thread profile 6.2 is designed as an external thread. The projectile casing thread profile 6.1 is designed as an internal thread.

Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the first embodiment of the projectile 1 according to the invention. The ogive 4 and the ogive thread profile 6.2 of the thread profile connection 6 are shown in an enlarged view. The ogive thread profile 6.2 has a pitch angle ap of 30 ° to 45 °

Even if in the Fig. 3 not shown, the projectile casing thread profile 6.1 has a pitch angle of 30 ° to 45 °. The thread profile connection 6 thus has a pitch angle of 30 ° to 45 °.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic sectional view of the first embodiment of the projectile 1 according to the invention. The projectile is as in FIG Fig. 1 , shown in the assembled state.

As from the Fig. 4 can be seen, the geometry of the projectile casing thread profile 6.1 differs from the geometry of the ogive thread profile 6.2. The bullet casing thread profile 6.1 and the ogive thread profile 6.2 can still be joined.

The bullet casing thread profile 6.1 shows how well in Fig. 5 can be seen, flat flank peaks 6.1 _SP . _{The 6.2 SP} ogive thread profile also shows how well in Fig. 6 can be seen, flat flank tips 6.2 _SP . As from the Fig. 4 can be seen, both threads are designed in the manner of a trapezoidal thread profile or a flat thread profile.

From the Fig. 4 it can be seen that the threaded profile connection 6 on the ogive 4 and / or on the projectile casing 2 has at least one insertion bevel 2 _E , 4 _E.

Even if from the Fig. 4 not visible, each thread turn of the ogive 4 and / or the projectile casing 2 (or of the ogive thread profile 6.2 and the projectile casing profile 6.1) preferably has an insertion bevel 2 _E , 4 _E. The respective lead-in bevels are implemented in terms of manufacturing technology in such a way that a bevel is created on the cylindrical portion of the bullet casing 2 and / or the ogive 4 in a processing step before the threads are manufactured (e.g. by broaching).

The threaded profile connection 6 has a first latching device 8. To form the first latching device 8, the ogive 4 has a first latching element 12 and the projectile casing 2 has a first latching recess 14.

The first locking element 12 is arranged at a tip of the ogive thread profile 6.2. The first locking recess 14 is arranged at the foot of the projectile casing thread profile 6.1. According to the first embodiment, the first latching element 12 can be designed as a latching nose. The first locking recess 14 can be designed as a locking groove.

In the assembled state of floor 1, which is shown in Fig. 4 is shown, the first latching element 12 and the first latching recess 14 cooperate and prevent the threaded profile connection 6 from being pushed apart and from being over-tightened.

The threaded profile connection 6 also has a second latching device 10. To form the second latching device 10, the projectile shell 2 has a second latching element 16 and the ogive 4 has a second latching recess 18.

The second latching element 16 is arranged at a tip of the projectile casing thread profile 6.1. The second locking recess 18 is arranged at the foot of the ogive thread profile 6.2. According to the first embodiment, the second latching element 16 can be designed as a latching nose. The second locking recess 18 can be designed as a locking groove.

In the assembled state of floor 1, which is shown in Fig. 4 is shown, the second latching element 16 and the second latching recess 18 cooperate and prevent the threaded profile connection 6 from being pushed apart and from being over-tightened.

According to Fig. 5 an area of the projectile casing thread profile 6.1 is shown in a sectional view. The bullet casing thread profile 6.1 has a rounding 6.1 _R in the transition between the flank of the bullet casing thread profile 6.1 _F and the flank _{tip 6.1 SP} .

The flank _{tip 6.1 SP} and the flank base 6.1 _{GR of} the projectile casing thread profile 6.1 are flat and each have a flat area, which are designed like a flat or trapezoidal thread.

The bullet casing thread profile 6.1 preferably has a flank angle α of 4 ° to 20 °, preferably 5 ° to 17 °, in particular 14 °.

According to Fig. 6 an area of the projectile casing thread profile 6.2 is shown in a sectional view. The ogive thread profile 6.2 has a rounding 6.2 _R in the transition between the flank of the ogive thread profile 6.2 _F and the flank base of the ogive thread profile 6.2 _GR .

The flank _{tip 6.2 SP} and the flank base 6.2 _{GR of} the ogive thread profile 6.2 are designed to be flat and each have a flat area which is designed as in the case of a flat or trapezoidal thread.

The ogive thread profile 6.2 has a flank angle α of 4 ° to 20 °, preferably 5 ° to 17 °, in particular 14 °.

The ogive thread profile 6.2 and / or the bullet casing thread profile 6.1 thus have a flank angle α of 4 ° to 20 °, preferably 5 ° to 17 °, in particular 14 °.

The projectile can be an artillery projectile, for example. Such a charge of the projectile can, for example, comprise one or more light or smoke pots. Furthermore, other charges are also conceivable, which are used for the formation of light, fog, smoke, pop, lightning, signal, training or explosive projectiles.

It is preferably the one in the Figures 1 to 6 Projectile 1 shown is an artillery projectile. This can be designed, for example, as a light, fog, smoke, bang, lightning, signal, training or explosive projectile.

Insofar as the above disclosure relates to a projectile, this applies equally to ammunition comprising such a projectile. The ammunition can preferably be artillery ammunition.

REFERENCE LIST

1

bullet

2

Bullet shell

2E

Lead-in slope of the projectile casing

4th

Ogive

4E

Lead-in slope of the ogive

6th

Thread profile connection

6.1

Bullet casing thread profile

6.1F

Flank of the bullet casing thread profile

6.1GR

Flank base of the bullet casing thread profile

6.1R

Rounding of the bullet casing thread profile

6.1SP

Thread tip of the bullet casing thread profile

6.2

Ogive thread profile

6.2F

Flank of the ogive thread profile

6.2GR

Flank base of the ogive thread profile

6.2R

Rounding of the ogive thread profile

6.2SP

Thread tip of the ogive thread profile

8th

first locking device

10

second locking device

12th

first locking element

14th

first recess

16

second locking element

18th

second recess

α

Flank angle

αp

Pitch angle

P.

pitch

Claims (16)

Projectile (1), with a projectile casing (2) and an ogive (4) placed on the projectile casing (2), the ogive (4) and the projectile casing (2) being connected to one another by a threaded profile connection (6),
characterized in that
the thread profile connection (6) has several threads. Projectile (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the ogive (4) has an ogive thread profile (6.2) and the bullet casing (2) has a bullet casing thread profile (6.1) to form the thread profile connection (6). Projectile (1) according to claim 2, characterized in that the geometry of the projectile casing thread profile (6.1) differs from the geometry of the ogive thread profile (6.2). Projectile (1) according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the projectile casing thread profile comprising (6.1) flat edge tips (6.1 _SP) and / or the Ogivengewindeprofil (6.2 _SP) flat edge tips (6.2 _SP). Projectile (1) according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the projectile casing thread profile (6.1) has a rounding (6.1 _R ) in the transition between the flank of the projectile casing thread _{profile (6.1 F} ) and the flank _{tip (6.1 SP).} Projectile (1) according to one of claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the ogive thread profile (6.2) has a rounding (6.2 _R ) in the transition between the flank of the ogive thread profile (6.2 _F ) and the flank base of the ogive thread profile (6.2 _GR). Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thread profile connection (6) on the ogive (4) and / or on the projectile casing (2), preferably each thread turn of the ogive (4) and / or the projectile casing (2 ), an insertion bevel (2 _E , 4 _E ). Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the threaded profile connection (6) has a first latching device (8). Projectile (1) according to Claim 8, characterized in that the ogive (4) has a first locking element (12) to form the first locking device (8) and the projectile casing (2) has a first locking recess (14). Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the threaded profile connection (6) has a second latching device (10). Projectile (1) according to claim 10, characterized in that the projectile casing (2) has a second locking element (16) to form the second locking device (10) and the ogive (4) has a second locking recess (18). Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thread profile connection (6) has a pitch angle (ap) of 30 ° to 45 °. Projectile (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ogive thread profile (6.2) and / or the projectile casing thread profile (6.1) have a flank angle (a) of 4 ° to 20 °, preferably 5 ° to 17 °, in particular 14 ° has. Ammunition comprising a projectile (1) according to one of Claims 1-13. Ammunition according to Claim 14, characterized in that the ammunition is artillery ammunition. Ammunition according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that the projectile is a light, fog, smoke, pop, lightning, signal, training or explosive projectile.

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