EP0221917B1 - Undercalibrated projectile - Google Patents
Undercalibrated projectile Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0221917B1 EP0221917B1 EP86902401A EP86902401A EP0221917B1 EP 0221917 B1 EP0221917 B1 EP 0221917B1 EP 86902401 A EP86902401 A EP 86902401A EP 86902401 A EP86902401 A EP 86902401A EP 0221917 B1 EP0221917 B1 EP 0221917B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- projectile
- penetrator
- angle
- conical
- tail unit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
- 239000004429 Calibre Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000013077 target material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002023 somite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B10/00—Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
- F42B10/02—Stabilising arrangements
- F42B10/04—Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
- F42B10/06—Tail fins
Definitions
- the invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Sub-caliber bullets of this type are known from GB-PS 1 256 740. They are expediently labored as cartridge ammunition and are preferably used in direct fire to combat armored targets. Sub-caliber bullets of the generic type are manufactured for a wide variety of caliber ranges and have already been introduced for tank cannons and machine guns.
- the projectiles which are also referred to as penetrators and are often made of tungsten heavy metal, are made as long as possible. This provides enough bullet material to penetrate the target.
- the extension of the storeys is usually limited by the fact that the max. Cartridge length of the tube weapons put into service is limited and a tail unit must be arranged at the rear of the sub-caliber floor for the purpose of stabilization, which also takes up part of the space available in the propellant charge case.
- the invention has for its object to improve the final ballistic performance of a sub-caliber projectile.
- the conical region 15a of the penetrator 15b had a length of approximately 70 mm; the cone-shaped recess 16a in the tail unit 16 has a length of approximately 40 mm.
- the angle a was 5 °, while the angle ⁇ was 7 °.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
- Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein unterkalibriges Geschoß nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile according to the preamble of claim 1.
Unterkalibrige Geschosse dieser Gattung sind aus der GB-PS 1 256 740 bekannt. Sie werden zweckmäßig als Patronenmunition laboriert und dienen vorzugsweise im Direktbeschuß zur Bekämpfung gepanzerter Ziele. Unterkalibrige Geschosse der gattungsgemäßen Art werden für die unterschiedlichsten Kaliberbereiche hergestellt, sie sind bereits für Panzerkanonen und Maschinenkanonen eingeführt.Sub-caliber bullets of this type are known from GB-PS 1 256 740. They are expediently labored as cartridge ammunition and are preferably used in direct fire to combat armored targets. Sub-caliber bullets of the generic type are manufactured for a wide variety of caliber ranges and have already been introduced for tank cannons and machine guns.
Zum Zwecke der endballistischen Leistungssteigerung werden die auch als Penetratoren bezeichneten und häufig aus Wolfram-Schwermetall hergestellten Geschosse möglichst lang ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise steht genügend Geschoßmaterial für die Durchdringung des Ziels zur Verfügung. Eine Grenze findet die Verlängerung der Geschosse in der Regel dadurch, daß die max. Patronenlänge der in Dienst gestellten Rohrwaffen begrenzt ist und am Heck des unterkalibrigen Geschosses zum Zwecke der Stabilisierung noch ein Leitwerk angeordnet werden muß, das ebenfalls einen Teil des in der Treibladungshülse verfügbaren Raums beansprucht.For the purpose of increasing the final ballistic performance, the projectiles, which are also referred to as penetrators and are often made of tungsten heavy metal, are made as long as possible. This provides enough bullet material to penetrate the target. The extension of the storeys is usually limited by the fact that the max. Cartridge length of the tube weapons put into service is limited and a tail unit must be arranged at the rear of the sub-caliber floor for the purpose of stabilization, which also takes up part of the space available in the propellant charge case.
Um einen möglichst langen Penetrator zu erhalten, wurde bereits versucht, auch den Kern des Leitwerks selbst aus Penetratorwerkstoff herzustellen. Wenn das unterkalibrige Geschoß jedoch auf das Ziel aufprallt und schließlich in dieses eindringt, wird durch das Leitwerk eine sehr große Querkraft auf den Penetrator augeübt, wodurch dessen Bruch veranlaßt wird. Der abgebrochene Teil trägt jedoch in der Regel nicht mehr zum Zieldurchschlag bei. Dadurch wird die endballistische Wirkung des Geschosses verringert.In order to obtain the longest possible penetrator, attempts have also already been made to manufacture the core of the tail unit itself from penetrator material. However, if the sub-caliber projectile hits the target and finally penetrates into it, a very large transverse force is exerted on the penetrator by the tail unit, which causes it to break. However, the canceled part usually no longer contributes to the target penetration. This reduces the final ballistic effect of the projectile.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die endballistische Leistung eines unterkalibrigen Geschosses zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve the final ballistic performance of a sub-caliber projectile.
Ausgehend von einem Geschoß der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe durch die in Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung gelöst.Starting from a projectile of the type specified in the introduction, this object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1.
Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:
- Fig. 1 eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung des Heckbereichs eines unterkalibrigen Geschosses;
- Fig. 2 teilweise im Schnitt die schematische Darstellung von patronierter Munition mit einem unterkalibrigen Geschoß.
- Fig. 2 zeigt, teilweise im Schnitt, eine schematische Darstellung einer
patronierten Munition 10 für eine Panzerkanone. DieMunition 10 umfaßt eineTreibladungshülse 11, in der einTreibladungsanzünder 12 und dieTreibladung 13 angeordnet sind. Mit derTreibladungshülse 11 verbunden ist der aus mehreren Segmenten bestehende Treibkäfig 14, der dasunterkalibrige Geschoß 15 auf einem Teil seiner Länge koaxial umgibt. Am Heck desunterkalibrigen Geschosses 15 ist einflügelumfassendes Leitwerk 16 angeordnet. Nach dem Abfeuern der Patrone werden Treibkäfig 14 undGeschoß 15 im Waffenrohr beschleunigt. Nach Verlassen des Waffenrohrs trennt sich der Treibkäfig 14 vomGeschoß 15, so daß dieses, durch dasLeitwerk 16 stabalisiert, dem Ziel entgegeneilt. Nach dem Aufprall auf die Zieloberfläche dringt dasGeschoß 15 in das Zielmaterial ein. Sobald jedoch dasHeckleitwerk 16 mit der schon teilweise durchdrungenen Zielwandung in Berührung kommt, wird eine große Querkraft auf das Geschoß ausgeübt, die vorzugsweise in dessenBereich 15a, also kurz vor dem Ansatz des Heckleitwerks 16 zum Bruch desGeschosses 15 führt. Der abgebrochene Teil desGeschosses 15 stellt sich schräg in bezug auf die Längsachse des Geschosses und nimmt nicht am Zieldurchgang teil, wodurch die endballistische Leistung desGeschosses 15 erheblich vermindert wird. Diesem Mißstand hilft nun die Erfindung ab, indem sie es ermöglicht, daß ein merklich längerer Bereich des vomLeitwerk 16 umschlossenen Heckteils desGeschosses 15 nicht abbricht und somit am Zieldurchschlag teilnehmen kann, wodurch wiederum die endballistische Leistung desGeschosses 15 vergrößert wird. Die wesentlichen Merkmale der Erfindung werden anhand von Fig. 1 erläutert, die eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung des Heckbereichs desunterkalibrigen Geschosses 15 zeigt. In der Figur ist der Penetrator 15b desGeschosses 15 nur teilweise dargestellt. DerHeckbereich 15a des Penetrators 15b ist konisch ausgebildet und sitzt in einerAusnehmung 16a des Heckleitwerks 16, die ebenfalls über eine konusförmig ausgebildete Mantelfläche verfügt. Dabei werden die Abschrägungen so gewählt, daß der Öffnungswinkel a derAusnehmung 16a deutlich größer ist, als der Öffnungswinkel ß des Penetratorkonus. An den konusförmigausgebildeten Bereich 15a des Penetrators 15b schließt sich ein mit einem Gewinde versehener,zylindrischer Zapfen 15c an, der schließlich noch von einemKegelstrumpf 15d mit einer unter 45° verlaufenden Mantelfläche begrenzt wird. Vermittels desZapfens 15c ist der Penetrator 15b in eine mit einem Innengewindeversehene Ausnehmung 16b imLeitwerk 16 eingeschraubt, die sich an diekonusförmige Ausnehmung 16a anschließt. DieAusnehmung 16b mündet in ein Sackloch 1 6c mit kegelförmiger Mantelfläche. Die Neigung der Mantelfläche beträgt 45°, so daß sich beim Einschrauben des Penetrators 15b über dessenKonus 15d eine Zentrierung von Penetrator 15b undLeitwerk 16 erreichen läßt.
- Figure 1 is an enlarged detail view of the rear area of a sub-caliber floor.
- Fig. 2 partially in section, the schematic representation of cartridge ammunition with a sub-caliber projectile.
- Fig. 2 shows, partly in section, a schematic representation of a
cartridge ammunition 10 for a tank cannon. Theammunition 10 comprises apropellant charge sleeve 11 in which apropellant charge igniter 12 and thepropellant charge 13 are arranged. Connected to thepropellant charge sleeve 11 is the propellant cage 14, which consists of several segments and coaxially surrounds thesub-caliber projectile 15 over part of its length. At the rear of thesub-caliber projectile 15, a wing-tail unit 16 is arranged. After the cartridge has been fired, the sabot 14 and theprojectile 15 are accelerated in the weapon barrel. After leaving the gun barrel, the sabot 14 separates from theprojectile 15, so that, stabilized by thetail unit 16, it runs towards the target. After impacting the target surface, theprojectile 15 penetrates the target material. However, as soon as thetail unit 16 comes into contact with the target wall, which is already partially penetrated, a large transverse force is exerted on the projectile, which preferably leads to theprojectile 15 breaking in itsarea 15a, i.e. shortly before thetail unit 16 approaches. The broken-off part of theprojectile 15 is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and does not participate in the target passage, as a result of which the final ballistic performance of theprojectile 15 is considerably reduced. The present invention remedies this problem by making it possible that a noticeably longer area of the rear part of theprojectile 15 enclosed by thetail unit 16 does not break off and thus can participate in the target penetration, which in turn increases the final ballistic performance of theprojectile 15. The essential features of the invention are explained with reference to FIG. 1, which shows an enlarged detailed representation of the rear area of thesub-caliber projectile 15. In the figure, the penetrator 15b of theprojectile 15 is only partially shown. Therear area 15a of the penetrator 15b is conical and sits in arecess 16a of thetail unit 16, which also has a conical surface area. The bevels are chosen so that the opening angle α of therecess 16a is significantly larger than the opening angle β of the penetrator cone. Aconical portion 15a of the penetrator 15b is adjoined by a threadedcylindrical pin 15c, which is finally delimited by aconical stocking 15d with a lateral surface running at 45 °. By means of thepin 15c, the penetrator 15b is screwed into an internally threadedrecess 16b in thetail unit 16, which adjoins theconical recess 16a. Therecess 16b opens into ablind hole 16c with a conical outer surface. The inclination of the lateral surface is 45 °, so that when the penetrator 15b is screwed in, the penetrator 15b and thetail unit 16 can be centered via itscone 15d.
Durch die vorbeschriebene Verbindungsart ist sichergestellt, daß beim Eindringungsvorgang des Geschosses 15 auftretende Querbelastungen sich im konusförmig ausgestalteten Bereich 15a des Penetrators 15b nicht auswirken können. Es wird daher höchstens der mit Außengewinde versehene Zapfen 15c des Penetrators 15b abgeschert, so daß ein beträchtlicher Anteil des vom Leitwerk 16 koaxial umgebenen Penetrators 15 b am Zieldurchschlag teilnehmen kann.The type of connection described above ensures that transverse loads occurring during the penetration process of the
In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung hatte der konusförmig ausgebildete Bereich 15a des Penetrators 15b eine Länge von ca. 70 mm; die konusförmig ausgebildete Ausnehmung 16a im Leitwerk 16 eine Länge von ca. 40 mm. Der Winkel a belief sich auf 5 °, während der Winkel ß 7 ° betrug.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86902401T ATE43436T1 (en) | 1985-05-11 | 1986-04-10 | SUB-CALIBRE BULLET. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3517125 | 1985-05-11 | ||
DE19853517125 DE3517125A1 (en) | 1985-05-11 | 1985-05-11 | SUB-CALIBRARY FLOOR |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0221917A1 EP0221917A1 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
EP0221917B1 true EP0221917B1 (en) | 1989-05-24 |
Family
ID=6270563
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86902401A Expired EP0221917B1 (en) | 1985-05-11 | 1986-04-10 | Undercalibrated projectile |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4730561A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0221917B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62500539A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3517125A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO1986006828A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4028409A1 (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-03-12 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Sub-calibre artillery projectile - has penetrator with guide structure around part of its length, and conical formation in part of rear side |
DE102020104217A1 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-19 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Penetrator and use of a penetrator |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8706250D0 (en) * | 1987-03-17 | 1987-04-23 | Secr Defence | Tail fin unit for projectile |
DE3843796A1 (en) * | 1988-12-24 | 1990-07-05 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | FLOOR WITH SIDE CONTROL |
DE3927918A1 (en) * | 1989-08-24 | 1991-02-28 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Armour piercing projectile guiding fins - lie close to projectile body so that fin tip is inside boundary layer |
DE4020691A1 (en) * | 1990-06-29 | 1992-01-02 | Dynamit Nobel Ag | WING STABILIZED SHELL |
US5014931A (en) * | 1990-08-29 | 1991-05-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Kinetic energy projectile with impact-ejected fins |
US7795567B2 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2010-09-14 | Raytheon Company | Guided kinetic penetrator |
US9188417B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 | 2015-11-17 | Raytheon Company | Separable sabot for launching payload |
IL229290A0 (en) * | 2013-11-07 | 2014-05-28 | Felix Rachlin | Accelerator |
US9677863B1 (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-06-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Long rod penetrator concept for small caliber munitions |
FR3115358B1 (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2023-11-24 | Nexter Munitions | ARTIFICIAL AND EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILE WITH A STABILIZING FLAT |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1112044A (en) * | 1914-09-29 | J A Watson | Projectile. | |
US1520131A (en) * | 1921-08-30 | 1924-12-23 | Firm Of Optische Anstalt C P G | Oblong drop projectile |
US2983225A (en) * | 1944-06-30 | 1961-05-09 | Nelson A Walker | Projectile |
FR87354E (en) * | 1963-08-03 | 1966-07-29 | Flanged projectile in caliber | |
US3378216A (en) * | 1966-04-29 | 1968-04-16 | Susquehama Corp | Integral fin canister-nozzle exit cone |
US4140061A (en) * | 1977-06-06 | 1979-02-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Short-range discarding-sabot training practice round and self-destruct subprojectile therefor |
DE2844870C2 (en) * | 1978-10-14 | 1984-10-18 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Sub-caliber training projectile |
DE3017380A1 (en) * | 1980-05-07 | 1981-11-12 | Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf | Shell or projectile with explosive head - which is connected to guide vanes by shaft with construction allowing breakage at specified point |
DE3048206C2 (en) * | 1980-12-20 | 1985-06-13 | Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg | Practice floor |
US4565340A (en) * | 1984-08-15 | 1986-01-21 | Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation | Guided projectile flight control fin system |
-
1985
- 1985-05-11 DE DE19853517125 patent/DE3517125A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-04-10 WO PCT/EP1986/000210 patent/WO1986006828A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1986-04-10 EP EP86902401A patent/EP0221917B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-10 US US07/017,163 patent/US4730561A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-04-10 DE DE8686902401T patent/DE3663590D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-04-10 JP JP61502219A patent/JPS62500539A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4028409A1 (en) * | 1990-09-07 | 1992-03-12 | Rheinmetall Gmbh | Sub-calibre artillery projectile - has penetrator with guide structure around part of its length, and conical formation in part of rear side |
DE102020104217A1 (en) | 2020-02-18 | 2021-08-19 | Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh | Penetrator and use of a penetrator |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO1986006828A1 (en) | 1986-11-20 |
DE3663590D1 (en) | 1989-06-29 |
JPS62500539A (en) | 1987-03-05 |
EP0221917A1 (en) | 1987-05-20 |
US4730561A (en) | 1988-03-15 |
DE3517125A1 (en) | 1986-11-13 |
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