EP0221917B1 - Undercalibrated projectile - Google Patents

Undercalibrated projectile Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0221917B1
EP0221917B1 EP86902401A EP86902401A EP0221917B1 EP 0221917 B1 EP0221917 B1 EP 0221917B1 EP 86902401 A EP86902401 A EP 86902401A EP 86902401 A EP86902401 A EP 86902401A EP 0221917 B1 EP0221917 B1 EP 0221917B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
projectile
penetrator
angle
conical
tail unit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86902401A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0221917A1 (en
Inventor
Henning Schaake
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rheinmetall Industrie AG
Original Assignee
Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rheinmetall GmbH filed Critical Rheinmetall GmbH
Priority to AT86902401T priority Critical patent/ATE43436T1/en
Publication of EP0221917A1 publication Critical patent/EP0221917A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0221917B1 publication Critical patent/EP0221917B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B10/00Means for influencing, e.g. improving, the aerodynamic properties of projectiles or missiles; Arrangements on projectiles or missiles for stabilising, steering, range-reducing, range-increasing or fall-retarding
    • F42B10/02Stabilising arrangements
    • F42B10/04Stabilising arrangements using fixed fins
    • F42B10/06Tail fins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Sub-caliber bullets of this type are known from GB-PS 1 256 740. They are expediently labored as cartridge ammunition and are preferably used in direct fire to combat armored targets. Sub-caliber bullets of the generic type are manufactured for a wide variety of caliber ranges and have already been introduced for tank cannons and machine guns.
  • the projectiles which are also referred to as penetrators and are often made of tungsten heavy metal, are made as long as possible. This provides enough bullet material to penetrate the target.
  • the extension of the storeys is usually limited by the fact that the max. Cartridge length of the tube weapons put into service is limited and a tail unit must be arranged at the rear of the sub-caliber floor for the purpose of stabilization, which also takes up part of the space available in the propellant charge case.
  • the invention has for its object to improve the final ballistic performance of a sub-caliber projectile.
  • the conical region 15a of the penetrator 15b had a length of approximately 70 mm; the cone-shaped recess 16a in the tail unit 16 has a length of approximately 40 mm.
  • the angle a was 5 °, while the angle ⁇ was 7 °.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

In order to improve the final ballistic performance of an undercalibrated projectile (15) comprised of a penetrator (15b) and a tail unit (16), a portion (15a) of the projectile (15) has a conical shape and is provided into a conical recess (16a) of the tail unit (16). The transversal forces exerted on the tail unit (16) during the penetration into the target material are thus not transmitted to the penetrator (15b), at least in the conical part (15a) of the projectile, thereby preventing the penetrator (15b) from breaking at that point.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein unterkalibriges Geschoß nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a sub-caliber projectile according to the preamble of claim 1.

Unterkalibrige Geschosse dieser Gattung sind aus der GB-PS 1 256 740 bekannt. Sie werden zweckmäßig als Patronenmunition laboriert und dienen vorzugsweise im Direktbeschuß zur Bekämpfung gepanzerter Ziele. Unterkalibrige Geschosse der gattungsgemäßen Art werden für die unterschiedlichsten Kaliberbereiche hergestellt, sie sind bereits für Panzerkanonen und Maschinenkanonen eingeführt.Sub-caliber bullets of this type are known from GB-PS 1 256 740. They are expediently labored as cartridge ammunition and are preferably used in direct fire to combat armored targets. Sub-caliber bullets of the generic type are manufactured for a wide variety of caliber ranges and have already been introduced for tank cannons and machine guns.

Zum Zwecke der endballistischen Leistungssteigerung werden die auch als Penetratoren bezeichneten und häufig aus Wolfram-Schwermetall hergestellten Geschosse möglichst lang ausgebildet. Auf diese Weise steht genügend Geschoßmaterial für die Durchdringung des Ziels zur Verfügung. Eine Grenze findet die Verlängerung der Geschosse in der Regel dadurch, daß die max. Patronenlänge der in Dienst gestellten Rohrwaffen begrenzt ist und am Heck des unterkalibrigen Geschosses zum Zwecke der Stabilisierung noch ein Leitwerk angeordnet werden muß, das ebenfalls einen Teil des in der Treibladungshülse verfügbaren Raums beansprucht.For the purpose of increasing the final ballistic performance, the projectiles, which are also referred to as penetrators and are often made of tungsten heavy metal, are made as long as possible. This provides enough bullet material to penetrate the target. The extension of the storeys is usually limited by the fact that the max. Cartridge length of the tube weapons put into service is limited and a tail unit must be arranged at the rear of the sub-caliber floor for the purpose of stabilization, which also takes up part of the space available in the propellant charge case.

Um einen möglichst langen Penetrator zu erhalten, wurde bereits versucht, auch den Kern des Leitwerks selbst aus Penetratorwerkstoff herzustellen. Wenn das unterkalibrige Geschoß jedoch auf das Ziel aufprallt und schließlich in dieses eindringt, wird durch das Leitwerk eine sehr große Querkraft auf den Penetrator augeübt, wodurch dessen Bruch veranlaßt wird. Der abgebrochene Teil trägt jedoch in der Regel nicht mehr zum Zieldurchschlag bei. Dadurch wird die endballistische Wirkung des Geschosses verringert.In order to obtain the longest possible penetrator, attempts have also already been made to manufacture the core of the tail unit itself from penetrator material. However, if the sub-caliber projectile hits the target and finally penetrates into it, a very large transverse force is exerted on the penetrator by the tail unit, which causes it to break. However, the canceled part usually no longer contributes to the target penetration. This reduces the final ballistic effect of the projectile.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die endballistische Leistung eines unterkalibrigen Geschosses zu verbessern.The invention has for its object to improve the final ballistic performance of a sub-caliber projectile.

Ausgehend von einem Geschoß der eingangs näher bezeichneten Art wird diese Aufgabe durch die in Patentanspruch 1 angegebene Erfindung gelöst.Starting from a projectile of the type specified in the introduction, this object is achieved by the invention specified in claim 1.

Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.Advantageous embodiments of the invention emerge from the subclaims.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend unter Bezug auf die Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigt:

  • Fig. 1 eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung des Heckbereichs eines unterkalibrigen Geschosses;
  • Fig. 2 teilweise im Schnitt die schematische Darstellung von patronierter Munition mit einem unterkalibrigen Geschoß.
  • Fig. 2 zeigt, teilweise im Schnitt, eine schematische Darstellung einer patronierten Munition 10 für eine Panzerkanone. Die Munition 10 umfaßt eine Treibladungshülse 11, in der ein Treibladungsanzünder 12 und die Treibladung 13 angeordnet sind. Mit der Treibladungshülse 11 verbunden ist der aus mehreren Segmenten bestehende Treibkäfig 14, der das unterkalibrige Geschoß 15 auf einem Teil seiner Länge koaxial umgibt. Am Heck des unterkalibrigen Geschosses 15 ist ein flügelumfassendes Leitwerk 16 angeordnet. Nach dem Abfeuern der Patrone werden Treibkäfig 14 und Geschoß 15 im Waffenrohr beschleunigt. Nach Verlassen des Waffenrohrs trennt sich der Treibkäfig 14 vom Geschoß 15, so daß dieses, durch das Leitwerk 16 stabalisiert, dem Ziel entgegeneilt. Nach dem Aufprall auf die Zieloberfläche dringt das Geschoß 15 in das Zielmaterial ein. Sobald jedoch das Heckleitwerk 16 mit der schon teilweise durchdrungenen Zielwandung in Berührung kommt, wird eine große Querkraft auf das Geschoß ausgeübt, die vorzugsweise in dessen Bereich 15a, also kurz vor dem Ansatz des Heckleitwerks 16 zum Bruch des Geschosses 15 führt. Der abgebrochene Teil des Geschosses 15 stellt sich schräg in bezug auf die Längsachse des Geschosses und nimmt nicht am Zieldurchgang teil, wodurch die endballistische Leistung des Geschosses 15 erheblich vermindert wird. Diesem Mißstand hilft nun die Erfindung ab, indem sie es ermöglicht, daß ein merklich längerer Bereich des vom Leitwerk 16 umschlossenen Heckteils des Geschosses 15 nicht abbricht und somit am Zieldurchschlag teilnehmen kann, wodurch wiederum die endballistische Leistung des Geschosses 15 vergrößert wird. Die wesentlichen Merkmale der Erfindung werden anhand von Fig. 1 erläutert, die eine vergrößerte Detaildarstellung des Heckbereichs des unterkalibrigen Geschosses 15 zeigt. In der Figur ist der Penetrator 15b des Geschosses 15 nur teilweise dargestellt. Der Heckbereich 15a des Penetrators 15b ist konisch ausgebildet und sitzt in einer Ausnehmung 16a des Heckleitwerks 16, die ebenfalls über eine konusförmig ausgebildete Mantelfläche verfügt. Dabei werden die Abschrägungen so gewählt, daß der Öffnungswinkel a der Ausnehmung 16a deutlich größer ist, als der Öffnungswinkel ß des Penetratorkonus. An den konusförmig ausgebildeten Bereich 15a des Penetrators 15b schließt sich ein mit einem Gewinde versehener, zylindrischer Zapfen 15c an, der schließlich noch von einem Kegelstrumpf 15d mit einer unter 45° verlaufenden Mantelfläche begrenzt wird. Vermittels des Zapfens 15c ist der Penetrator 15b in eine mit einem Innengewinde versehene Ausnehmung 16b im Leitwerk 16 eingeschraubt, die sich an die konusförmige Ausnehmung 16a anschließt. Die Ausnehmung 16b mündet in ein Sackloch 1 6c mit kegelförmiger Mantelfläche. Die Neigung der Mantelfläche beträgt 45°, so daß sich beim Einschrauben des Penetrators 15b über dessen Konus 15d eine Zentrierung von Penetrator 15b und Leitwerk 16 erreichen läßt.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. It shows:
  • Figure 1 is an enlarged detail view of the rear area of a sub-caliber floor.
  • Fig. 2 partially in section, the schematic representation of cartridge ammunition with a sub-caliber projectile.
  • Fig. 2 shows, partly in section, a schematic representation of a cartridge ammunition 10 for a tank cannon. The ammunition 10 comprises a propellant charge sleeve 11 in which a propellant charge igniter 12 and the propellant charge 13 are arranged. Connected to the propellant charge sleeve 11 is the propellant cage 14, which consists of several segments and coaxially surrounds the sub-caliber projectile 15 over part of its length. At the rear of the sub-caliber projectile 15, a wing-tail unit 16 is arranged. After the cartridge has been fired, the sabot 14 and the projectile 15 are accelerated in the weapon barrel. After leaving the gun barrel, the sabot 14 separates from the projectile 15, so that, stabilized by the tail unit 16, it runs towards the target. After impacting the target surface, the projectile 15 penetrates the target material. However, as soon as the tail unit 16 comes into contact with the target wall, which is already partially penetrated, a large transverse force is exerted on the projectile, which preferably leads to the projectile 15 breaking in its area 15a, i.e. shortly before the tail unit 16 approaches. The broken-off part of the projectile 15 is inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis of the projectile and does not participate in the target passage, as a result of which the final ballistic performance of the projectile 15 is considerably reduced. The present invention remedies this problem by making it possible that a noticeably longer area of the rear part of the projectile 15 enclosed by the tail unit 16 does not break off and thus can participate in the target penetration, which in turn increases the final ballistic performance of the projectile 15. The essential features of the invention are explained with reference to FIG. 1, which shows an enlarged detailed representation of the rear area of the sub-caliber projectile 15. In the figure, the penetrator 15b of the projectile 15 is only partially shown. The rear area 15a of the penetrator 15b is conical and sits in a recess 16a of the tail unit 16, which also has a conical surface area. The bevels are chosen so that the opening angle α of the recess 16a is significantly larger than the opening angle β of the penetrator cone. A conical portion 15a of the penetrator 15b is adjoined by a threaded cylindrical pin 15c, which is finally delimited by a conical stocking 15d with a lateral surface running at 45 °. By means of the pin 15c, the penetrator 15b is screwed into an internally threaded recess 16b in the tail unit 16, which adjoins the conical recess 16a. The recess 16b opens into a blind hole 16c with a conical outer surface. The inclination of the lateral surface is 45 °, so that when the penetrator 15b is screwed in, the penetrator 15b and the tail unit 16 can be centered via its cone 15d.

Durch die vorbeschriebene Verbindungsart ist sichergestellt, daß beim Eindringungsvorgang des Geschosses 15 auftretende Querbelastungen sich im konusförmig ausgestalteten Bereich 15a des Penetrators 15b nicht auswirken können. Es wird daher höchstens der mit Außengewinde versehene Zapfen 15c des Penetrators 15b abgeschert, so daß ein beträchtlicher Anteil des vom Leitwerk 16 koaxial umgebenen Penetrators 15 b am Zieldurchschlag teilnehmen kann.The type of connection described above ensures that transverse loads occurring during the penetration process of the projectile 15 cannot have an effect in the cone-shaped region 15a of the penetrator 15b. Therefore, at most the externally threaded pin 15c of the penetrator 15b is sheared off, so that a considerable proportion of the penetrator 15b coaxially surrounded by the tail unit 16b can participate in the target penetration.

In einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung hatte der konusförmig ausgebildete Bereich 15a des Penetrators 15b eine Länge von ca. 70 mm; die konusförmig ausgebildete Ausnehmung 16a im Leitwerk 16 eine Länge von ca. 40 mm. Der Winkel a belief sich auf 5 °, während der Winkel ß 7 ° betrug.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the conical region 15a of the penetrator 15b had a length of approximately 70 mm; the cone-shaped recess 16a in the tail unit 16 has a length of approximately 40 mm. The angle a was 5 °, while the angle β was 7 °.

Claims (6)

1. Sub-calibre projectile with a penetrator and with a tail unit coaxially surrounding the penetrator over part of its length, characterised by the fact that at the rear a portion (15a) of the penetrator (15b) is conical in shape (cone angle a) and that this portion (15a) of the penetrator (15b) is mounted in a recess (16a) which is provided in the tail unit (16) and of which the internal boundary surface is likewise conical (cone angle β).
2. Projectile in accordance with Claim 1, characterised by the fact that the angle of conicity (ß) is greater than the angle of conicity (a).
3. Projectile in accordance with one of Claims 1 and 2, characterised by the fact that the conically shaped part (15a) of the penetrator (15b) is immediately followed by a journal (1 5c) which bears a cylindrical external threading and which engages a recess (16b) provided with internal threading.
4. Projectile in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 3, characterised by the fact that the journal (1 5c) is delimited by a frustum (15d), the recess (16b) leading into a conical blind boring (16c) and the angle of inclination of the boundary surfaces of the frustum (15d) and that of the blind boring (16c) correspond.
5. Projectile in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 4, characterised by the fact that the length of the conical recess (16a) in the tail unit (16) amounts to between one third and two thirds of the length of the conical portion (15a) of the penetrator (15b) and that the angle (ß) is at least two degrees greater than the angle (a).
6. Projectile in accordance with one of Claims 1 to 5, characterised by the fact that the length of the conically shaped portion (15a) of the penetrator (15b) amounts to approximately 70 mm, the length of the conical recess (16a) amounts to approximately 40 mm, the angle (a) amounts to 5° and the angle (ß) amounts to 7°.
EP86902401A 1985-05-11 1986-04-10 Undercalibrated projectile Expired EP0221917B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86902401T ATE43436T1 (en) 1985-05-11 1986-04-10 SUB-CALIBRE BULLET.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3517125 1985-05-11
DE19853517125 DE3517125A1 (en) 1985-05-11 1985-05-11 SUB-CALIBRARY FLOOR

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0221917A1 EP0221917A1 (en) 1987-05-20
EP0221917B1 true EP0221917B1 (en) 1989-05-24

Family

ID=6270563

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902401A Expired EP0221917B1 (en) 1985-05-11 1986-04-10 Undercalibrated projectile

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4730561A (en)
EP (1) EP0221917B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS62500539A (en)
DE (2) DE3517125A1 (en)
WO (1) WO1986006828A1 (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4028409A1 (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-03-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Sub-calibre artillery projectile - has penetrator with guide structure around part of its length, and conical formation in part of rear side
DE102020104217A1 (en) 2020-02-18 2021-08-19 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator and use of a penetrator

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB8706250D0 (en) * 1987-03-17 1987-04-23 Secr Defence Tail fin unit for projectile
DE3843796A1 (en) * 1988-12-24 1990-07-05 Rheinmetall Gmbh FLOOR WITH SIDE CONTROL
DE3927918A1 (en) * 1989-08-24 1991-02-28 Rheinmetall Gmbh Armour piercing projectile guiding fins - lie close to projectile body so that fin tip is inside boundary layer
DE4020691A1 (en) * 1990-06-29 1992-01-02 Dynamit Nobel Ag WING STABILIZED SHELL
US5014931A (en) * 1990-08-29 1991-05-14 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Kinetic energy projectile with impact-ejected fins
US7795567B2 (en) * 2005-04-05 2010-09-14 Raytheon Company Guided kinetic penetrator
US9188417B2 (en) 2013-08-01 2015-11-17 Raytheon Company Separable sabot for launching payload
IL229290A0 (en) * 2013-11-07 2014-05-28 Felix Rachlin Accelerator
US9677863B1 (en) * 2016-01-26 2017-06-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Long rod penetrator concept for small caliber munitions
FR3115358B1 (en) * 2020-10-19 2023-11-24 Nexter Munitions ARTIFICIAL AND EXPLOSIVE PROJECTILE WITH A STABILIZING FLAT

Family Cites Families (10)

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US1112044A (en) * 1914-09-29 J A Watson Projectile.
US1520131A (en) * 1921-08-30 1924-12-23 Firm Of Optische Anstalt C P G Oblong drop projectile
US2983225A (en) * 1944-06-30 1961-05-09 Nelson A Walker Projectile
FR87354E (en) * 1963-08-03 1966-07-29 Flanged projectile in caliber
US3378216A (en) * 1966-04-29 1968-04-16 Susquehama Corp Integral fin canister-nozzle exit cone
US4140061A (en) * 1977-06-06 1979-02-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Short-range discarding-sabot training practice round and self-destruct subprojectile therefor
DE2844870C2 (en) * 1978-10-14 1984-10-18 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Sub-caliber training projectile
DE3017380A1 (en) * 1980-05-07 1981-11-12 Rheinmetall GmbH, 4000 Düsseldorf Shell or projectile with explosive head - which is connected to guide vanes by shaft with construction allowing breakage at specified point
DE3048206C2 (en) * 1980-12-20 1985-06-13 Diehl GmbH & Co, 8500 Nürnberg Practice floor
US4565340A (en) * 1984-08-15 1986-01-21 Ford Aerospace & Communications Corporation Guided projectile flight control fin system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4028409A1 (en) * 1990-09-07 1992-03-12 Rheinmetall Gmbh Sub-calibre artillery projectile - has penetrator with guide structure around part of its length, and conical formation in part of rear side
DE102020104217A1 (en) 2020-02-18 2021-08-19 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Penetrator and use of a penetrator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986006828A1 (en) 1986-11-20
DE3663590D1 (en) 1989-06-29
JPS62500539A (en) 1987-03-05
EP0221917A1 (en) 1987-05-20
US4730561A (en) 1988-03-15
DE3517125A1 (en) 1986-11-13

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