EP3924682B1 - Ammunition conveyor and turret comprising such a conveyor - Google Patents

Ammunition conveyor and turret comprising such a conveyor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3924682B1
EP3924682B1 EP20709324.6A EP20709324A EP3924682B1 EP 3924682 B1 EP3924682 B1 EP 3924682B1 EP 20709324 A EP20709324 A EP 20709324A EP 3924682 B1 EP3924682 B1 EP 3924682B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ammunition
conveyor
wedges
cradle
piece
Prior art date
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EP20709324.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3924682A1 (en
Inventor
Yves Martinez
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nexter Systems SA
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Nexter Systems SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
    • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
    • F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
    • F41A9/11—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging in a horizontal plane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
    • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
    • F41A9/20—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines sliding, e.g. reciprocating
    • F41A9/22—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines sliding, e.g. reciprocating in a horizontal direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
    • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
    • F41A9/24—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element
    • F41A9/26—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using a movable magazine or clip as feeding element using a revolving drum magazine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B39/00—Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bags
    • F42B39/22—Locking of ammunition in transport containers

Definitions

  • the technical field of the invention is that of ammunition conveyors incorporating a device for wedging the ammunition.
  • Automatic loading systems for large caliber weapons generally include at least one ammunition magazine which is used to feed a weapon.
  • the transfer of each ammunition between the magazine and the weapon is done by means of a motorized conveyor.
  • Each magazine comprises a tubular conveyor which collects ammunition from a cell of the magazine in order to then align it with the bore of the weapon in order to chamber the ammunition.
  • the ammunition then risks being incorrectly placed in the cradle, falling, being damaged, or even incorrectly presented at the level of the weapon, which can cause jamming and safety problems.
  • the patent FR2572172 discloses a container intended to transport ammunition from a manufacturing unit to a storage reserve and from this storage reserve to the breech of a weapon.
  • This container comprises a rigid casing bearing radial wedges distributed angularly in a regular manner around the longitudinal axis of the casing.
  • Such a container is not adapted to be placed permanently in a weapon to form a conveyor that can be associated for example with the turret described by the patent DE3328208 .
  • the ammunition cannot be introduced into an empty container by the front face of the container when the bars are engaged because the wedges then obstruct the entry of the ammunition. The release of the wedgings would make it necessary to put in place another means of withdrawing the strips in the vicinity of a loading barrel, which would be detrimental to the compactness of the conveyor.
  • the invention proposes to produce an ammunition conveyor making it possible to solve the problems encountered with the prior art.
  • the conveyor according to the invention can be associated with a turret comprising rotary magazines and ensures a wedging of the transported ammunition while allowing a movement of the ammunition in both directions relative to the conveyor.
  • the subject of the invention is an ammunition conveyor comprising a cradle intended to contain ammunition, conveyor characterized in that it comprises wedges distributed angularly in a regular manner around a longitudinal axis of the cradle, wedges able to slide radially through of openings between a position engaged in the cradle and a position disengaged from the cradle by the introduction of ammunition which pushes the wedges and against the action of at least one elastic means bringing the wedges back into the engaged position, each wedge being able be locked in the engaged position by the action of at least one cam integral with the conveyor and having an inclined surface cooperating with at least one inclined plane carried by the wedge, the surfaces and inclined planes being arranged so that a translation movement of the cam controlled by an actuator causes a radial translation of the wedge, each wedge then being wedged between the cam and the ammunition and ensuring immobilization tion of the ammunition relative to the cradle.
  • the cradle can be translated longitudinally relative to the conveyor, the translation of the cradle making it possible to move the wedges away from their cams which are integral with the conveyor, which unlocks the wedges and allows the sliding of the ammunition on the cradle.
  • the cradle may comprise two groups of wedges, a first group formed of substantially parallelepipedic wedges comprising a flat face which bears on the external cylindrical surface of the ammunition and which will ensure radial immobilization of the ammunition and a second group of wedges each comprising a tooth profile intended to cooperate with a groove of the ammunition to ensure axial immobilization thereof.
  • the parallelepipedal wedges of the first group of wedges may each comprise two inclined planes, each inclined plane being disposed at one longitudinal end of the wedge.
  • the invention also relates to a turret for a military vehicle comprising at least one ammunition magazine comprising a plurality of parallel cells and an ammunition conveyor according to the preceding characteristics, the turret which is characterized in that the conveyor is pivotally mounted on an axis and can be placed in a first position coaxial with a cell of the magazine to take ammunition from it and a second position coaxial with a tube of a weapon of the turret to allow loading.
  • the store may include an extraction means making it possible to push ammunition to extract it from the cell and place it in the cradle when the latter is coaxial with the cell of the store at the level of which is placed the means of extraction.
  • the magazine may have the shape of a barrel.
  • the turret may comprise two barrels arranged symmetrically on either side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of the weapon.
  • the extraction means may comprise a pushing chain.
  • the conveyor of the turret may comprise a pusher allowing, in its second position, the positioning in the tube of the weapon of the ammunition which is placed in the cradle, the pusher causing the translation of the cradle along the conveyor until it is positioned near the tube of the weapon as well as the unlocking of the wedges.
  • a turret 100 fitted to an armored vehicle, not shown, comprises a large-caliber weapon 101 as well as two rotary magazines 102a and 102b of the barrel type, each comprising cells intended to contain ammunition (ammunition not visible).
  • the barrels 102a and 102b are arranged symmetrically on either side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of the weapon 101 and they are arranged in such a way that each barrel 102a and 102b can each pivot of its cells at an angular position, called loading, in which the longitudinal axis of the cell O1 or O2 converges towards a pivot point 103 of a conveyor 104 for ammunition.
  • the conveyor 104 can therefore be alternately aligned with a cell of a first barrel 102a which is in the loading position then with the tube of the weapon 101 (for a determined aiming site) then with a cell of the second barrel 102b which is also at a loading position.
  • Each barrel 102a and 102b includes an ammunition extraction means 105 which includes a pusher chain 105.
  • the pushing chain 105 has the function of pushing on a front part of an ammunition (for example a warhead of an ammunition 200 shown in dotted lines on the figure 1 ) occupying a cell 102c in the loading position so as to deposit the ammunition 200 in the conveyor 104 when it is aligned opposite the cell (the different alignment positions of the conveyor with the cells are shown in dotted lines).
  • an ammunition for example a warhead of an ammunition 200 shown in dotted lines on the figure 1
  • the pushing chain 105 has the function of pushing on a front part of an ammunition (for example a warhead of an ammunition 200 shown in dotted lines on the figure 1 ) occupying a cell 102c in the loading position so as to deposit the ammunition 200 in the conveyor 104 when it is aligned opposite the cell (the different alignment positions of the conveyor with the cells are shown in dotted lines).
  • the pusher chain 105 returns to an initial position where it is outside the now empty cell 102c which makes it possible to possibly rotate the barrel 102a or 102b to present another cell 102c containing another ammunition at the level from the loading position.
  • Such an extraction means 105 which stresses the ammunition in thrust allows rapid and safe extraction because the ammunition is stressed in a direction in which it is robust, conversely to the tensile stresses on the base of the ammunition which could damage the combustible case of the ammunition, the latter being designed to resist above all compression.
  • the thrust will preferably take place around the ogive of the projectile by a finger having an appropriate shape.
  • the thrust will take place around the front part of the sabot.
  • the conveyor 104 comprises a wedging device 1 for an ammunition 200, a device which is intended to secure the conveying of an ammunition 200 located in the conveyor 104, during the mobility and firing phases of the vehicle or during the phases of weapon feed from one of the cylinders.
  • the device 1 of the conveyor 104 comprises a cradle 2 adopting a tubular or partially tubular shape.
  • the cradle 2 is capable of sliding longitudinally relative to the conveyor 104 in order to compensate for the distance D visible at the figure 1 when loading the ammunition into the weapon.
  • Cradle 2 is thus configured as a carriage that can move relative to conveyor 104 on guide bushings.
  • the device 1 comprises wedges 3 distributed angularly in a regular manner around the longitudinal axis X of the cradle 2 and passing through radial openings 11 of the cradle 2.
  • the wedges 3a, 3b can slide radially between a position engaged in the cradle 2 and a position disengaged from the cradle 2 against the action of at least one elastic means 4 bringing the wedges back into the engaged position.
  • the device comprises two groups of wedges 3a, 3b.
  • a first group of shims 3a is formed of substantially parallelepipedic shims comprising a flat face intended to be applied to the external cylindrical surface of the ammunition.
  • These first wedges 3a are arranged so as to extend along generatrices of the body of the ammunition 200 and are intended, when they are locked in the engaged position, to wedge the ammunition 200 radially, ideally by aligning the axis of the ammunition with the longitudinal axis X of the cradle as at figure 2 .
  • a person skilled in the art may choose to position the contact zones Z axially between the ammunition and the wedges 3a depending on the local mass of the different parts of the ammunition.
  • a second group of shims 3b is located towards the rear rear of the cradle 2.
  • Each of these second shims 3b comprises a tooth profile 12 which is intended to cooperate with a groove 201 of the ammunition 200 to ensure axial immobilization thereof. this.
  • Each wedge 3 is returned by default to the engaged position by the elastic means 4 such as leaf springs.
  • the elastic means 4 such as leaf springs.
  • an elastic strip 4 per wedge 3 one end of which is inserted into the wedge in question.
  • each blade 4 thus makes it possible to translate a wedge 3a or 3b radially towards the inside of the cradle 2, and through the corresponding openings 11.
  • each wedge 3 has at its base at least one inclined plane 5 relative to the direction of translation of the wedge 3.
  • This inclined plane 5 is intended to cooperate in shape concordance with an inclined surface 6 carried by one end of a cam 8.
  • the inclined planes and surfaces are arranged so that an axial translation of the cam 8, parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the cradle 2, and in the direction of the inclined plane 5 of the corresponding wedge 8 has the effect of causing a radial translation of wedge 3 towards its engaged position, thus ensuring locking of wedges 3a and 3b in this engaged position.
  • the wedges 3 and the cams 8 thus radially and axially block the ammunition 200.
  • the parallelepipedal wedges 3 of the first group 3a of wedges will each comprise two inclined planes 5, each inclined plane being arranged at one of the longitudinal ends of the wedge 3.
  • Such an arrangement makes it possible to avoid a rotation of the wedge 3 and therefore ensures a radial translation of the wedges 3 with their flat faces which remain parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the cradle and therefore to the axis of the ammunition.
  • cams 8 and actuator 10 are integral with the conveyor 104.
  • the rods 9 are translated in such a way that the inclined surfaces 6 of the cams 8 push on the inclined planes 5 of the wedges 3 until these surfaces slip and cause the radial translation of the wedges 3 in the direction of the interior of the cradle. 2, thus pressing on portions Z of the external surface of the ammunition 200 for the stall.
  • the wedges 3 are therefore wedged between the ammunition 200 and the cams 8.
  • a pusher presses on the rear face of the ammunition 200 which has the effect of first of all advancing the cradle 2 relative to the conveyor 104 visible to the figure 1 And 2 .
  • cams 8 remain fixed relative to the conveyor 104 while the wedges 3 move forward with the cradle.
  • the wedges 3 are then no longer jammed and the only pressure they exert on the ammunition 200 is that provided by the return springs 4. This effort is however sufficient to keep the ammunition centered with respect to the cradle 2 which promotes a good introduction ammunition in the weapon.
  • the ammunition 200 is pushed by the pusher into the weapon and spreads the wedges 3 which are no longer blocked by the cams 8.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible to block radially and axially ammunition in its conveyor, which makes it possible to secure the operations of loading and transporting ammunition in a conveyor.

Description

Le domaine technique de l'invention est celui des convoyeurs de munitions incorporant un dispositif de calage de la munition.The technical field of the invention is that of ammunition conveyors incorporating a device for wedging the ammunition.

Les systèmes de chargement automatique pour armes de gros calibres comportent généralement au moins un magasin à munitions qui sert à alimenter une arme. Le transfert de chaque munition entre le magasin et l'arme se fait au moyen d'un convoyeur motorisé.Automatic loading systems for large caliber weapons generally include at least one ammunition magazine which is used to feed a weapon. The transfer of each ammunition between the magazine and the weapon is done by means of a motorized conveyor.

Un tel dispositif est décrit dans le brevet DE3328208 où une tourelle de véhicule militaire comporte deux magasins rotatifs à barillet.Such a device is described in the patent DE3328208 where a military vehicle turret has two rotating barrel magazines.

Chaque magasin comporte un convoyeur tubulaire qui collecte une munition sortie d'une cellule du magasin pour l'aligner ensuite avec l'âme de l'arme afin de chambrer la munition.Each magazine comprises a tubular conveyor which collects ammunition from a cell of the magazine in order to then align it with the bore of the weapon in order to chamber the ammunition.

Durant le transfert de la munition, celle-ci est placée dans un berceau du convoyeur qui la maintient de manière approximative. Ce maintien n'est pas satisfaisant car la munition peut bouger du fait des soubresauts occasionnés par le transport ou bien du fait des mouvements dynamiques du moyen de transfert.During the transfer of the ammunition, it is placed in a cradle of the conveyor which maintains it approximately. This maintenance is not satisfactory because the ammunition can move due to the jolts caused by the transport or else due to the dynamic movements of the transfer means.

La munition risque alors d'être mal placée dans le berceau, de tomber, d'être endommagée, ou bien mal présentée au niveau de l'arme ce qui peut occasionner des coincements et des problèmes de sécurité.The ammunition then risks being incorrectly placed in the cradle, falling, being damaged, or even incorrectly presented at the level of the weapon, which can cause jamming and safety problems.

Le brevet FR2572172 divulgue un conteneur destiné à transporter une munition depuis une unité de fabrication jusqu'à une réserve de stockage et de cette réserve de stockage jusqu'à la culasse d'une arme. Ce conteneur comporte une enveloppe rigide portant des cales radiales réparties angulairement de façon régulière autour de l'axe longitudinal de l'enveloppe. Lorsque le conteneur et son enveloppe sont positionnés dans une arme, un refouloir déplace l'ensemble du conteneur et de l'enveloppe et des butées arrêtent des barrettes du conteneur qui restent immobiles par rapport à lui, ce qui provoque la libération des calages de la munition. Après chargement de la munition, le conteneur est éjecté hors de l'arme.The patent FR2572172 discloses a container intended to transport ammunition from a manufacturing unit to a storage reserve and from this storage reserve to the breech of a weapon. This container comprises a rigid casing bearing radial wedges distributed angularly in a regular manner around the longitudinal axis of the casing. When the container and its casing are positioned in a weapon, a rammer moves the whole of the container and of the casing and stops stop bars of the container which remain immobile with respect to it, which causes the release of the wedgings of the ammunition. After loading the ammunition, the container is ejected from the weapon.

Un tel conteneur n'est pas adapté à être mis en place de façon permanente dans une arme pour former un convoyeur pouvant être associé par exemple à la tourelle décrite par le brevet DE3328208 . Les munitions ne peuvent pas être introduites dans un conteneur vide par la face avant du conteneur lorsque les barrettes sont engagées car les cales gênent alors l'entrée de la munition. La libération des calages imposerait de mettre en place un autre moyen de retrait des barrettes au voisinage d'un barillet de chargement ce qui nuirait à la compacité du convoyeur.Such a container is not adapted to be placed permanently in a weapon to form a conveyor that can be associated for example with the turret described by the patent DE3328208 . The ammunition cannot be introduced into an empty container by the front face of the container when the bars are engaged because the wedges then obstruct the entry of the ammunition. The release of the wedgings would make it necessary to put in place another means of withdrawing the strips in the vicinity of a loading barrel, which would be detrimental to the compactness of the conveyor.

Par ailleurs les barrettes ne sont pas manœuvrables d'une façon indépendante du déplacement du conteneur.Furthermore, the strips cannot be maneuvered independently of the movement of the container.

Le brevet US 4 487 104 A décrit un conteneur pour munition, qui se loge à l'intérieur d'un magasin rotatif. La munition y est calée en position par des moyens pivotant radialement. Le transfert de la munition entre le magasin et l'arme se fait au moyen d'une simple rampe de chargement dépourvue de moyens de calage, et non à l'aide du conteneur, ce dernier restant dans le magasin rotatif.The patent US 4,487,104A describes an ammunition container which fits inside a rotating magazine. The ammunition is wedged in position there by radially pivoting means. The transfer of the ammunition between the magazine and the weapon is done by means of a simple loading ramp devoid of wedging means, and not using the container, the latter remaining in the rotating magazine.

L'invention propose de réaliser un convoyeur de munitions permettant de résoudre les problèmes rencontrés avec l'art antérieur.The invention proposes to produce an ammunition conveyor making it possible to solve the problems encountered with the prior art.

Ainsi le convoyeur selon l'invention peut être associé à une tourelle comportant des magasins rotatifs et assure un calage de la munition transportée tout en permettant un déplacement de la munition dans les deux sens par rapport au convoyeur.Thus the conveyor according to the invention can be associated with a turret comprising rotary magazines and ensures a wedging of the transported ammunition while allowing a movement of the ammunition in both directions relative to the conveyor.

Ainsi l'invention a pour objet un convoyeur de munition comportant un berceau destiné à contenir une munition, convoyeur caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des cales réparties angulairement de façon régulière autour d'un axe longitudinal du berceau, cales pouvant coulisser radialement au travers d'ouvertures entre une position engagée dans le berceau et une position dégagée du berceau par l'introduction d'une munition qui pousse les cales et contre l'action d'au moins un moyen élastique ramenant les cales en position engagée, chaque cale pouvant être verrouillée en position engagée par l'action d'au moins une came solidaire du convoyeur et présentant une surface inclinée coopérant avec au moins un plan incliné porté par la cale, les surfaces et plans inclinés étant disposés de manière à ce qu'une translation axiale de la came commandée par un actionneur provoque une translation radiale de la cale, chaque cale se trouvant alors coincée entre la came et la munition et assurant l'immobilisation de la munition par rapport au berceau.Thus the subject of the invention is an ammunition conveyor comprising a cradle intended to contain ammunition, conveyor characterized in that it comprises wedges distributed angularly in a regular manner around a longitudinal axis of the cradle, wedges able to slide radially through of openings between a position engaged in the cradle and a position disengaged from the cradle by the introduction of ammunition which pushes the wedges and against the action of at least one elastic means bringing the wedges back into the engaged position, each wedge being able be locked in the engaged position by the action of at least one cam integral with the conveyor and having an inclined surface cooperating with at least one inclined plane carried by the wedge, the surfaces and inclined planes being arranged so that a translation movement of the cam controlled by an actuator causes a radial translation of the wedge, each wedge then being wedged between the cam and the ammunition and ensuring immobilization tion of the ammunition relative to the cradle.

Selon une caractéristique de l'invention, le berceau pourra se translater longitudinalement relativement au convoyeur, la translation du berceau permettant d'éloigner les cales de leurs cames qui sont solidaires du convoyeur, ce qui déverrouille les cales et permet le coulissement de la munition sur le berceau.According to one characteristic of the invention, the cradle can be translated longitudinally relative to the conveyor, the translation of the cradle making it possible to move the wedges away from their cams which are integral with the conveyor, which unlocks the wedges and allows the sliding of the ammunition on the cradle.

Selon une autre caractéristique, le berceau pourra comporter deux groupes de cales, un premier groupe formé de cales sensiblement parallélépipédiques comportant une face plane qui s'applique sur la surface cylindrique externe de la munition et qui assurera une immobilisation radiale de la munition et un deuxième groupe de cales qui comportent chacune un profil de dent destiné à coopérer avec une rainure de la munition pour assurer une immobilisation axiale de celle-ci.According to another characteristic, the cradle may comprise two groups of wedges, a first group formed of substantially parallelepipedic wedges comprising a flat face which bears on the external cylindrical surface of the ammunition and which will ensure radial immobilization of the ammunition and a second group of wedges each comprising a tooth profile intended to cooperate with a groove of the ammunition to ensure axial immobilization thereof.

Avantageusement, les cales parallélépipédiques du premier groupe de cales pourront comporter chacune deux plans inclinés, chaque plan incliné étant disposé à une extrémité longitudinale de la cale.Advantageously, the parallelepipedal wedges of the first group of wedges may each comprise two inclined planes, each inclined plane being disposed at one longitudinal end of the wedge.

L'invention a également pour objet une tourelle pour véhicule militaire comportant au moins un magasin à munitions comportant une pluralité de cellules parallèles et un convoyeur de munition selon les caractéristiques précédentes, tourelle qui est caractérisée en ce que le convoyeur est monté pivotant sur un axe et peut être placé dans une première position coaxiale à une cellule du magasin pour prélever une munition de celui-ci et une seconde position coaxiale à un tube d'une arme de la tourelle pour permettre le chargement.The invention also relates to a turret for a military vehicle comprising at least one ammunition magazine comprising a plurality of parallel cells and an ammunition conveyor according to the preceding characteristics, the turret which is characterized in that the conveyor is pivotally mounted on an axis and can be placed in a first position coaxial with a cell of the magazine to take ammunition from it and a second position coaxial with a tube of a weapon of the turret to allow loading.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le magasin pourra comporter un moyen d'extraction permettant de pousser une munition pour l'extraire de la cellule et la placer dans le berceau quand celui-ci se trouve coaxial à la cellule du magasin au niveau de laquelle est placé le moyen d'extraction.According to a particular embodiment, the store may include an extraction means making it possible to push ammunition to extract it from the cell and place it in the cradle when the latter is coaxial with the cell of the store at the level of which is placed the means of extraction.

Avantageusement, le magasin pourra avoir une forme de barillet.Advantageously, the magazine may have the shape of a barrel.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, la tourelle pourra comporter deux barillets disposés de façon symétrique de part et d'autre d'un plan vertical passant par l'axe de l'arme.According to a particular embodiment, the turret may comprise two barrels arranged symmetrically on either side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of the weapon.

Avantageusement, le moyen d'extraction pourra comporter une chaîne pousseuse.Advantageously, the extraction means may comprise a pushing chain.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, le convoyeur de la tourelle pourra comporter un poussoir permettant, dans sa seconde position, la mise à poste dans le tube de l'arme de la munition qui est placée dans le berceau, le poussoir provoquant la translation du berceau le long du convoyeur jusqu'à se positionner au voisinage du tube de l'arme ainsi que le déverrouillage des cales.According to a particular embodiment, the conveyor of the turret may comprise a pusher allowing, in its second position, the positioning in the tube of the weapon of the ammunition which is placed in the cradle, the pusher causing the translation of the cradle along the conveyor until it is positioned near the tube of the weapon as well as the unlocking of the wedges.

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description suivante, description faite au regard des dessins annexés, dessins dans lesquels :

  • [Fig. 1] représente une vue d'ensemble de dessus d'une tourelle selon l'invention équipée d'un convoyeur selon l'invention.
  • [Fig. 2] représente une vue en coupe transversale d'un dispositif de calage du convoyeur selon l'invention, coupe selon le plan transversal dont la trace BB est repérée à la figure 3.
  • [Fig. 3] représente une vue en coupe transversale d'un dispositif de calage du convoyeur selon l'invention, cales en position engagée, coupe selon les plans sécants dont la trace AA est repérée à la figure 2.
  • [Fig. 4] représente la même vue en coupe transversale que la figure 3, les cales étant en position partiellement dégagée.
The invention will be better understood on reading the following description, description given with regard to the appended drawings, drawings in which:
  • [ Fig. 1 ] shows an overall top view of a turret according to the invention equipped with a conveyor according to the invention.
  • [ Fig. 2 ] shows a cross-sectional view of a wedging device of the conveyor according to the invention, section along the transverse plane whose trace BB is marked at picture 3 .
  • [ Fig. 3 ] shows a cross-sectional view of a conveyor wedging device according to the invention, wedges in the engaged position, section along the secant planes whose trace AA is marked at figure 2 .
  • [ Fig. 4 ] represents the same cross-sectional view as the picture 3 , the wedges being in the partially disengaged position.

Selon la figure 1, une tourelle 100, équipant un véhicule blindé non représenté, comporte une arme 101 de gros calibre ainsi que deux magasins rotatifs 102a et 102b de type barillet comportant chacun des alvéoles destinées à contenir des munitions (munitions non visibles).According to figure 1 , a turret 100, fitted to an armored vehicle, not shown, comprises a large-caliber weapon 101 as well as two rotary magazines 102a and 102b of the barrel type, each comprising cells intended to contain ammunition (ammunition not visible).

Les barillets 102a et 102b sont disposés de façon symétrique de part et d'autre d'un plan vertical passant par l'axe de l'arme 101 et ils sont disposés de manière telle que chaque barillet 102a et 102b peut faire passer par pivotement chacune de ses cellules à une position angulaire, dite de chargement, dans laquelle l'axe longitudinal de la cellule O1 ou O2 converge vers un point de pivot 103 d'un convoyeur 104 à munitions.The barrels 102a and 102b are arranged symmetrically on either side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of the weapon 101 and they are arranged in such a way that each barrel 102a and 102b can each pivot of its cells at an angular position, called loading, in which the longitudinal axis of the cell O1 or O2 converges towards a pivot point 103 of a conveyor 104 for ammunition.

Autour de cet axe de pivot vertical 103, le convoyeur 104 peut donc être alternativement aligné avec une cellule d'un premier barillet 102a qui est en position de chargement puis avec le tube de l'arme 101 (pour un site de pointage déterminé) puis avec une cellule du second barillet 102b qui est également à une position de chargement.Around this vertical pivot axis 103, the conveyor 104 can therefore be alternately aligned with a cell of a first barrel 102a which is in the loading position then with the tube of the weapon 101 (for a determined aiming site) then with a cell of the second barrel 102b which is also at a loading position.

Chaque barillet 102a et 102b comporte un moyen d'extraction 105 de munition qui comporte une chaîne pousseuse 105.Each barrel 102a and 102b includes an ammunition extraction means 105 which includes a pusher chain 105.

La chaîne pousseuse 105 a pour fonction de pousser sur une partie avant d'une munition (par exemple une ogive d'une munition 200 représentée en pointillés sur la figure 1) occupant une cellule 102c en position de chargement de manière à déposer la munition 200 dans le convoyeur 104 quand il est aligné en regard de la cellule (les différentes positions d'alignement du convoyeur avec les cellules sont représentées en pointillés).The pushing chain 105 has the function of pushing on a front part of an ammunition (for example a warhead of an ammunition 200 shown in dotted lines on the figure 1 ) occupying a cell 102c in the loading position so as to deposit the ammunition 200 in the conveyor 104 when it is aligned opposite the cell (the different alignment positions of the conveyor with the cells are shown in dotted lines).

Cette opération effectuée, la chaîne pousseuse 105 revient à une position initiale où elle est à l'extérieur de la cellule 102c désormais vide ce qui permet de faire tourner éventuellement le barillet 102a ou 102b pour présenter une autre cellule 102c contenant une autre munition au niveau de la position de chargement.This operation carried out, the pusher chain 105 returns to an initial position where it is outside the now empty cell 102c which makes it possible to possibly rotate the barrel 102a or 102b to present another cell 102c containing another ammunition at the level from the loading position.

Un tel moyen d'extraction 105 qui sollicite la munition en poussée permet une extraction rapide et sûre car la munition est sollicitée dans une direction où elle est robuste, inversement aux sollicitations en traction sur le culot de la munition qui risqueraient d'endommager l'étui combustible de la munition, celui-ci étant conçu pour résister avant tout à la compression.Such an extraction means 105 which stresses the ammunition in thrust allows rapid and safe extraction because the ammunition is stressed in a direction in which it is robust, conversely to the tensile stresses on the base of the ammunition which could damage the combustible case of the ammunition, the latter being designed to resist above all compression.

Bien entendu la poussée se réalisera de préférence autour de l'ogive du projectile par un doigt ayant une forme appropriée. Pour une munition cinétique sous calibrée, la poussée se réalisera autour de la partie avant du sabot.Of course, the thrust will preferably take place around the ogive of the projectile by a finger having an appropriate shape. For an under-caliber kinetic ammunition, the thrust will take place around the front part of the sabot.

Comme visible aux figures 2, 3 et 4, le convoyeur 104 comporte un dispositif de calage 1 pour une munition 200, dispositif qui est destiné à sécuriser le convoyage d'une munition 200 située dans le convoyeur 104, durant les phases de mobilité et de tir du véhicule ou durant les phases d'alimentation de l'arme depuis un des barillets.As visible to figure 2 , 3 And 4 , the conveyor 104 comprises a wedging device 1 for an ammunition 200, a device which is intended to secure the conveying of an ammunition 200 located in the conveyor 104, during the mobility and firing phases of the vehicle or during the phases of weapon feed from one of the cylinders.

Pour cela, selon la figure 3, le dispositif 1 du convoyeur 104 comporte un berceau 2 adoptant une forme tubulaire ou partiellement tubulaire. Le berceau 2 est apte à coulisser longitudinalement par rapport au convoyeur 104 afin de compenser la distance D visible à la figure 1 lors du chargement de la munition dans l'arme. Le berceau 2 est ainsi configuré comme un chariot pouvant se déplacer par rapport au convoyeur 104 sur des douilles de guidage.For this, according to picture 3 , the device 1 of the conveyor 104 comprises a cradle 2 adopting a tubular or partially tubular shape. The cradle 2 is capable of sliding longitudinally relative to the conveyor 104 in order to compensate for the distance D visible at the figure 1 when loading the ammunition into the weapon. Cradle 2 is thus configured as a carriage that can move relative to conveyor 104 on guide bushings.

Selon la figure 2, le dispositif 1 comporte des cales 3 réparties angulairement de façon régulière autour de l'axe longitudinal X du berceau 2 et passant à travers des ouvertures radiales 11 du berceau 2.According to figure 2 , the device 1 comprises wedges 3 distributed angularly in a regular manner around the longitudinal axis X of the cradle 2 and passing through radial openings 11 of the cradle 2.

Les cales 3a, 3b peuvent coulisser radialement entre une position engagée dans le berceau 2 et une position dégagée du berceau 2 contre l'action d'au moins un moyen élastique 4 ramenant les cales en position engagée.The wedges 3a, 3b can slide radially between a position engaged in the cradle 2 and a position disengaged from the cradle 2 against the action of at least one elastic means 4 bringing the wedges back into the engaged position.

Avantageusement le dispositif comporte deux groupes de cales 3a, 3b.Advantageously, the device comprises two groups of wedges 3a, 3b.

Un premier groupe de cales 3a est formé de cales sensiblement parallélépipédiques comportant une face plane destinée à s'appliquer sur la surface cylindrique externe de la munition.A first group of shims 3a is formed of substantially parallelepipedic shims comprising a flat face intended to be applied to the external cylindrical surface of the ammunition.

Ces premières cales 3a sont disposées de manière à s'étendre selon des génératrices du corps de la munition 200 et ont pour vocation, lorsqu'elles sont verrouillées en position engagée, de caler radialement la munition 200, idéalement en alignant l'axe de la munition avec l'axe longitudinal X du berceau comme à la figure 2.These first wedges 3a are arranged so as to extend along generatrices of the body of the ammunition 200 and are intended, when they are locked in the engaged position, to wedge the ammunition 200 radially, ideally by aligning the axis of the ammunition with the longitudinal axis X of the cradle as at figure 2 .

L'Homme du Métier pourra choisir de positionner axialement les zones de contact Z entre la munition et les cales 3a en fonction de la masse locale des différentes parties de la munition.A person skilled in the art may choose to position the contact zones Z axially between the ammunition and the wedges 3a depending on the local mass of the different parts of the ammunition.

Un second groupe de cales 3b est situé vers l'arrière AR du berceau 2. Chacune de ces secondes cales 3b comporte un profil de dent 12 qui est destiné à coopérer avec une rainure 201 de la munition 200 pour assurer une immobilisation axiale de celle-ci.A second group of shims 3b is located towards the rear rear of the cradle 2. Each of these second shims 3b comprises a tooth profile 12 which is intended to cooperate with a groove 201 of the ammunition 200 to ensure axial immobilization thereof. this.

De cette manière, lorsque les cales 3b de ce second groupe sont verrouillées en position engagée, la munition 200 est calée axialement.In this way, when the wedges 3b of this second group are locked in the engaged position, the ammunition 200 is wedged axially.

Chaque cale 3 est rappelée par défaut en position engagée par les moyens élastiques 4 tel que des lames ressort. Il y a ici une lame élastique 4 par cale 3, lame dont une extrémité est insérée dans la cale considérée.Each wedge 3 is returned by default to the engaged position by the elastic means 4 such as leaf springs. Here there is an elastic strip 4 per wedge 3, one end of which is inserted into the wedge in question.

Comme on le voit aux figures 3 et 4, chaque lame 4 permet ainsi de translater radialement une cale 3a ou 3b vers l'intérieur du berceau 2, et au travers des ouvertures 11 correspondantes.As we see at figure 3 And 4 , each blade 4 thus makes it possible to translate a wedge 3a or 3b radially towards the inside of the cradle 2, and through the corresponding openings 11.

Ainsi, comme on le voit à la figure 4, lorsqu'une munition 200 est introduite dans le berceau 2 (suivant le sens de la flèche axiale représentée), les cales 3 sont poussées en position dégagée (écartées vers l'extérieur du berceau 2) par le passage de la munition 200 qui glisse dans le berceau 2. Pour faciliter l'écartement des cales 3 par la munition, des chanfreins d'extrémité 13 sont aménagés sur les extrémités des cales 3 dirigées vers l'avant AV du convoyeur.Thus, as we see in figure 4 , when an ammunition 200 is introduced into the cradle 2 (in the direction of the axial arrow shown), the wedges 3 are pushed into the disengaged position (spaced outwards from the cradle 2) by the passage of the ammunition 200 which slides in the cradle 2. To facilitate the separation of the wedges 3 by the ammunition, end chamfers 13 are arranged on the ends of the wedges 3 directed towards the front AV of the conveyor.

Une fois la munition placée dans le berceau 2 comme à la figure 3, les cales 3a et 3b, poussées par leurs lames ressort 4, prennent leur position engagée. Chaque cale 3a,3b est ensuite verrouillée dans cette position engagée par l'action d'une came 8 solidaire du convoyeur.Once the ammunition is placed in the cradle 2 as in picture 3 , the wedges 3a and 3b, pushed by their leaf springs 4, assume their engaged position. Each wedge 3a, 3b is then locked in this engaged position by the action of a cam 8 integral with the conveyor.

Pour cela, chaque cale 3 comporte à sa base au moins un plan incliné 5 relativement au sens de translation de la cale 3. Ce plan incliné 5 est destiné à coopérer en concordance de forme avec une surface inclinée 6 portée par une extrémité d'une came 8.For this, each wedge 3 has at its base at least one inclined plane 5 relative to the direction of translation of the wedge 3. This inclined plane 5 is intended to cooperate in shape concordance with an inclined surface 6 carried by one end of a cam 8.

Les plans et surfaces inclinés sont disposés de manière à ce qu'une translation axiale de la came 8, parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal X du berceau 2, et en direction du plan incliné 5 de la cale 8 correspondante ait pour effet de provoquer une translation radiale de la cale 3 vers sa position engagée, assurant ainsi un verrouillage des cales 3a et 3b dans cette position engagée.The inclined planes and surfaces are arranged so that an axial translation of the cam 8, parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the cradle 2, and in the direction of the inclined plane 5 of the corresponding wedge 8 has the effect of causing a radial translation of wedge 3 towards its engaged position, thus ensuring locking of wedges 3a and 3b in this engaged position.

Les cales 3 et les cames 8 bloquent ainsi radialement et axialement la munition 200.The wedges 3 and the cams 8 thus radially and axially block the ammunition 200.

Avantageusement, les cales 3 parallélépipédiques du premier groupe 3a de cales comporteront chacune deux plans inclinés 5, chaque plan incliné étant disposé à une des extrémités longitudinales de la cale 3. Une telle disposition permet d'éviter une rotation de la cale 3 et assure donc une translation radiale des cales 3 avec leurs faces planes qui restent parallèles à l'axe longitudinal X du berceau donc à l'axe de la munition.Advantageously, the parallelepipedal wedges 3 of the first group 3a of wedges will each comprise two inclined planes 5, each inclined plane being arranged at one of the longitudinal ends of the wedge 3. Such an arrangement makes it possible to avoid a rotation of the wedge 3 and therefore ensures a radial translation of the wedges 3 with their flat faces which remain parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the cradle and therefore to the axis of the ammunition.

La translation simultanée de toutes les cames 8 est assurée par des tringles 9 reliant les cames 8 à un actionneur 10 apte à pousser ou tirer les tringles 9 comme par exemple un vérin électrique 10. Cames 8 et actionneur 10 sont solidaires du convoyeur 104.The simultaneous translation of all the cams 8 is ensured by rods 9 connecting the cams 8 to an actuator 10 able to push or pull the rods 9 such as for example an electric cylinder 10. Cams 8 and actuator 10 are integral with the conveyor 104.

Les tringles 9 sont translatées de manière à ce que les surfaces inclinées 6 des cames 8 poussent sur les plans inclinés 5 des cales 3 jusqu'à ce que ces surfaces glissent et provoquent la translation radiales des cales 3 en direction de l'intérieur du berceau 2, appuyant ainsi sur des portions Z de la surface externe de la munition 200 pour la caler. Les cales 3 sont donc coincées entre la munition 200 et les cames 8.The rods 9 are translated in such a way that the inclined surfaces 6 of the cams 8 push on the inclined planes 5 of the wedges 3 until these surfaces slip and cause the radial translation of the wedges 3 in the direction of the interior of the cradle. 2, thus pressing on portions Z of the external surface of the ammunition 200 for the stall. The wedges 3 are therefore wedged between the ammunition 200 and the cams 8.

Lorsque le convoyeur 104 est aligné avec l'arme et que l'on veut procéder au chargement de l'arme. Un poussoir (poussoir non représenté) tel que décrit dans le brevet DE3328208 et qui est de préférence solidaire du convoyeur 104, vient appuyer sur la face arrière de la munition 200 ce qui a pour effet de faire tout d'abord avancer le berceau 2 relativement au convoyeur 104 visible aux figures 1 et 2.When the conveyor 104 is aligned with the weapon and you want to load the weapon. A pusher (pusher not shown) as described in the patent DE3328208 and which is preferably integral with the conveyor 104, presses on the rear face of the ammunition 200 which has the effect of first of all advancing the cradle 2 relative to the conveyor 104 visible to the figure 1 And 2 .

Ce faisant les cames 8 restent fixes relativement au convoyeur 104 alors que les cales 3 avancent avec le berceau.In doing so, the cams 8 remain fixed relative to the conveyor 104 while the wedges 3 move forward with the cradle.

Les cales 3 ne sont alors plus coincées et la seule pression qu'elles exercent sur la munition 200 est celle assurée par les ressorts de rappel 4. Cet effort suffit cependant à maintenir la munition centrée par rapport au berceau 2 ce qui favorise une bonne introduction de la munition dans l'arme. Lorsque le berceau 2 a couvert la distance D visible à la figure 1, la munition 200 est poussée par le poussoir dans l'arme et écarte les cales 3 qui ne sont plus bloquées par les cames 8.The wedges 3 are then no longer jammed and the only pressure they exert on the ammunition 200 is that provided by the return springs 4. This effort is however sufficient to keep the ammunition centered with respect to the cradle 2 which promotes a good introduction ammunition in the weapon. When the cradle 2 has covered the distance D visible at the figure 1 , the ammunition 200 is pushed by the pusher into the weapon and spreads the wedges 3 which are no longer blocked by the cams 8.

On note que l'invention permet donc de bloquer radialement et axialement une munition dans son convoyeur ce qui permet de sécuriser les opérations de chargement et de transport d'une munition dans un convoyeur.It is noted that the invention therefore makes it possible to block radially and axially ammunition in its conveyor, which makes it possible to secure the operations of loading and transporting ammunition in a conveyor.

Claims (10)

  1. - An ammunition conveyor comprising a cradle (2) intended to contain a piece of ammunition (200), the conveyor (104) comprising wedges (3) evenly distributed angularly around a longitudinal axis (X) of the cradle (2), said wedges (3) being able to slide radially, through openings, between a position engaged in the cradle (2) and a position disengaged from the cradle (2) by the introduction of a piece of ammunition which pushes the wedges and against the action of at least one elastic means (4) bringing the wedges (3) back into the engaged position, each wedge (3) being lockable in the engaged position by the action of at least one cam (8) secured to the conveyor (104) and having an inclined surface (6) cooperating with at least one inclined plane (5) carried by the wedge (8), the inclined surfaces (6) and inclined planes (5) being arranged so that an axial translation of the cam (8), controlled by an actuator (10), causes a radial translation of the wedge (3), each wedge (3) then being wedged between the cam (8) and the piece of ammunition (200) and ensuring the immobilization of the piece of ammunition (200) relative to the cradle (2).
  2. - The ammunition conveyor according to claim 1, characterized in that the cradle (2) can translate longitudinally relative to the conveyor (104), the translation of the cradle (2) allowing the wedges (3) to be moved away from their cams (8) which are secured to the conveyor (104), which unlocks the wedges (3) and allows the piece of ammunition (200) to slide on the cradle (104).
  3. - The ammunition conveyor according to one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the cradle (2) comprises two groups of wedges (3), a first group (3a) being formed of substantially parallelepipedal wedges (3) comprising a flat face which is applied to the external cylindrical surface of the piece of ammunition (200) and which ensure radial immobilization of the piece of ammunition (200), and a second group of wedges (3b) which each comprise a tooth profile (12) intended to cooperate with a groove (201) in the piece of ammunition (200) in order to ensure axial immobilization of the latter.
  4. - The ammunition conveyor according to claim 3, characterized in that the parallelepipedal wedges (3) of the first group (3a) of wedges each have two inclined planes (5), each inclined plane being arranged at one longitudinal end of the wedge (3).
  5. - A turret for military vehicle, comprising at least one ammunition (200) magazine (102a, 102b) comprising a plurality of parallel cells and an ammunition (200) conveyor (104) according to one of the preceding claims, the turret (1) being characterized in that the conveyor (104) is mounted so as to be pivotable around an axis (103) and can be placed in a first position coaxial with a cell of the magazine (102a, 102b) in order to collect a piece of ammunition (200) therefrom and a second position coaxial with a tube of a weapon (101) of the turret (1) in order to allow loading.
  6. - The turret according to claim 5, characterized in that the magazine (102a, 102b) comprises an extraction means (105) for pushing a piece of ammunition out of the cell and into the cradle (2) when the latter is coaxial with the cell of the magazine (102a, 102b) at which the extraction means (105) is placed.
  7. - The turret according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the magazine (102a, 102b) is in the form of a cylinder.
  8. - The turret according to claim 7, characterized in that it comprises two cylinders (102a, 102b) arranged symmetrically on either side of a vertical plane passing through the axis of the weapon (101).
  9. - The turret according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the extraction means (105) comprises a pusher chain (105).
  10. - The turret according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the conveyor (104) comprises a pusher allowing, in its second position, the piece of ammunition (200) placed in the cradle (2) to be positioned in the tube of weapon (101), the pusher causing the translation of the cradle (2) along the conveyor (104) until it is positioned in the vicinity of the tube of the weapon (101), as well as the unlocking of the wedges (3).
EP20709324.6A 2019-02-14 2020-02-12 Ammunition conveyor and turret comprising such a conveyor Active EP3924682B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1901400A FR3092907B1 (en) 2019-02-14 2019-02-14 WEDGE DEVICE FOR AN AMMUNITION CONVEYOR AND TURRET COMPRISING SUCH A DEVICE
PCT/IB2020/051134 WO2020165792A1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-02-12 Ammunition conveyor and turret comprising such a conveyor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3924682A1 EP3924682A1 (en) 2021-12-22
EP3924682B1 true EP3924682B1 (en) 2023-03-29

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20709324.6A Active EP3924682B1 (en) 2019-02-14 2020-02-12 Ammunition conveyor and turret comprising such a conveyor

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EP (1) EP3924682B1 (en)
KR (1) KR20210134903A (en)
AU (1) AU2020222084A1 (en)
FR (1) FR3092907B1 (en)
IL (1) IL285469A (en)
PL (1) PL3924682T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2020165792A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3127039B1 (en) 2021-09-10 2023-09-29 Nexter Systems AUTOMATIC RELOADING DEVICE FOR WEAPON FEEDING BY DOUBLE AMMUNITION MAGAZINE, AND WEAPON SYSTEM COMPRISING SAME

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3031203C1 (en) * 1980-08-19 1985-07-25 KUKA Wehrtechnik GmbH, 8900 Augsburg Container for receiving and feeding a cartridge
DE3328208A1 (en) 1983-08-04 1986-06-26 Krauss-Maffei AG, 8000 München Tank turret
FR2572172B1 (en) * 1984-10-19 1988-12-16 Creusot Loire DEVICE FOR TRANSPORTING AND FEEDING AMMUNITION FOR A SELF-LOADING GUN

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WO2020165792A1 (en) 2020-08-20
EP3924682A1 (en) 2021-12-22
AU2020222084A1 (en) 2021-09-02
KR20210134903A (en) 2021-11-11
IL285469A (en) 2021-09-30
FR3092907A1 (en) 2020-08-21
PL3924682T3 (en) 2023-05-02
FR3092907B1 (en) 2022-05-27

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