EP3910237B1 - Agencement de brûleur et tôle de distribution - Google Patents

Agencement de brûleur et tôle de distribution Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3910237B1
EP3910237B1 EP21172729.2A EP21172729A EP3910237B1 EP 3910237 B1 EP3910237 B1 EP 3910237B1 EP 21172729 A EP21172729 A EP 21172729A EP 3910237 B1 EP3910237 B1 EP 3910237B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
ionization
openings
burner body
distribution plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP21172729.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3910237A3 (fr
EP3910237A2 (fr
Inventor
Markus Polus
Thomas Ernst
Mira Engel
Andreas Andreas Kipp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
Original Assignee
Vaillant GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3910237A2 publication Critical patent/EP3910237A2/fr
Publication of EP3910237A3 publication Critical patent/EP3910237A3/fr
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Publication of EP3910237B1 publication Critical patent/EP3910237B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/10—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head
    • F23D14/105—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with elongated tubular burner head with injector axis parallel to the burner head axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/70—Baffles or like flow-disturbing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/101—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape
    • F23D2203/1012—Flame diffusing means characterised by surface shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/102—Flame diffusing means using perforated plates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2208/00—Control devices associated with burners
    • F23D2208/10—Sensing devices

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a burner for a gas heating device for heating buildings and/or domestic water with an ionization electrode, in particular a burner arrangement with an ionization electrode in a combustion chamber of a gas heating device.
  • This does not only apply to large systems, but also to wall-mounted devices for heating water and generally to heating devices for heating buildings and/or providing hot water.
  • Modern heating devices are operated with premix burners, with monitoring and control often being carried out using an ionization measurement.
  • Such burners are used, for example, in the EP3293455A1 or the EP1036984B3 described.
  • an ionization electrode is placed near a burner body in a combustion chamber, whereby the burner body has a predeterminable hole pattern.
  • the flames that are created form a so-called flame carpet that corresponds to the hole pattern, whereby the ionization electrode is located in the area of the flames.
  • the hole pattern (usually made up of holes and/or slots) is determined according to the design of the burner body, the combustion chamber, the type of fuel gas and other criteria.
  • the burner body In cylindrically shaped combustion chambers, the burner body is often made from a sheet rolled into a cylinder for manufacturing reasons, which already has the hole pattern and forms a largely cylindrically symmetrical flame carpet in the combustion chamber.
  • the requirements for the hole pattern are essentially determined by factors such as the design and/or the needs, requirements, etc. of an ionization measurement and control system. This includes, in particular, the highest possible modulation bandwidths, which should remain practically unchanged or constant over the service life of the device in view of the control quality.
  • the ionization electrode is detected differently by the flame carpet. At higher power, the flames are larger and stand further away from the burner body than at lower power.
  • An ionization signal in the form of an ionization current is evaluated with the ionization electrode integrated in a closed circuit and used to monitor and, if necessary, control the heater.
  • Control here refers in particular to the mixture formation of the combustion partners, which after combustion results in a lambda value of the combustion products (the lambda air ratio indicates the ratio of air to fuel gas compared to a stoichiometric ratio).
  • the problem is therefore to record and evaluate changes in the ionization signal over the widest possible load range of the burner during aging in order to obtain constant mixture control over the service life of the device.
  • the provision of a sufficiently strong measuring signal from the Ionization current is required, which is determined using a statically placed electrode. Since the ionization current strength also decreases within this system as the heat load decreases, but a defined minimum current for regulation must not be undercut, the load modulation of the heat cell is limited.
  • orifices and distribution devices in the gas-air path (in the direction of flow) in front of the burner surface are mainly used for the purpose of homogenizing the internal burner pressure for the purpose of uniform flame distribution, or in the case of pressure-side mixture formation (pressure side of the blower) for mixing air and fuel gas.
  • the EP0631091 discloses a burner in which an inner and an outer perforated sheet are provided, the distance between the holes of the outer sheet and their passage section being such that the total of the two perforated sheets has a total gas passage coefficient of at most 7.8%. This is said to have advantages in combustion, in particular a lower formation of nitrogen oxides.
  • the US5240411 describes an atmospheric gas burner assembly for use in a domestic water heater.
  • This also includes an internal distributor plate member having a plurality of relatively large openings for directing the gaseous fuel-air mixture from the burner chamber more or less evenly distributed upwards over the flat top of the distributor plate member.
  • Above the internal distributor plate member lies an apertured burner aperture plate member extending parallel thereto at a distance.
  • the burner plate member is provided with a plurality of relatively small openings evenly spaced from one another to allow the discharged gaseous fuel-air mixture to flow upwards through to to form small jets which emerge from the upper surface of the burner plate portion and which are ignited and burn as they exit the openings during operation of the burner assembly.
  • the EP2167876 a generic burner arrangement with a diffuser in which first and second openings are provided for the passage of a mixture of fuel and air. Furthermore, a distribution element is arranged within the burner (1) in the vicinity of the diffuser, the distribution element being provided with further first and second openings for the passage of the mixture.
  • the openings are distributed or configured such that the mixture flow is supplied in the vicinity of an ionization sensor such that the ionization is kept substantially constant when the operating power of the burner is varied up to about 10% of the nominal power, so that the ionization sensor functions correctly up to this value of the operating power.
  • the surface burner of the EP2687781 consists of a distributor plate and a burner surface with a knitted fabric.
  • the distributor plate is provided with a control part and a main part.
  • the fuel-air mixture is guided through the knitted fabric in the main part and unaffected through the knitted fabric in the control part.
  • variations of orifices and specially arranged burner surface outlet geometries are known, which cause changes in the local burner surface load, thereby specifically influencing the generated ionization current, and thus enabling larger modulation bandwidths (as constant as possible ionization current curve over the entire modulation range).
  • One concept for increasing the burner surface load in the area of the ionization electrode is to increase the flame density (local increase in the surface load) by additional perforations in the burner surface, which leads to an amplification of the necessary measurement signal.
  • This concept is based, for example, on the EP1036984 out.
  • the object of the present invention is to at least partially solve the problems described with reference to the prior art.
  • a burner arrangement is to be created that can be produced inexpensively and yet can be adapted to the needs of an ionization measurement, so that an adequate ionization measurement signal can be provided for lambda control over a wide range.
  • a simple adaptation of a burner body, the hole pattern of which is designed and/or optimized for other purposes, in the area of an ionization electrode to the needs of an ionization measurement for determining the lambda value should be possible.
  • one of the objects of the invention is to provide a burner design that allows for the highest possible modulation ranges but also age-related changes in the ionization signal control system via (ADA) corrections.
  • the modulation points (constant speeds) as a function of lambda which can be used for age-related changes in the ionization signal control system.
  • a burner arrangement is used with a burner body that has an inner surface and an outer surface as well as a pattern of openings for the passage of an air-fuel gas mixture, and an ionization electrode with an electrode length that runs at a distance from the outer surface of the burner body and essentially parallel to it, wherein a distribution plate is present which changes the pattern of openings in the area of the ionization electrode by at least partially covering some of the openings.
  • a distribution plate in the area of the ionization electrode above and/or below the burner surface influences the curve characteristics as desired with a special hole pattern. The arrangement of the opening pattern and the hole pattern of the distribution plate is taken into account.
  • This is in particular a gas burner which forms two burner surfaces arranged parallel to each other, consisting of a distributor plate (burner gas-air mixture inflow side) and a burner body (side facing the combustion chamber).
  • a burner (surface) arrangement may be formed with a distributor plate which forms an inner surface of the burner arrangement and a burner body which has a outer surface of the burner arrangement. Patterns of openings and/or holes for the passage of an air-fuel gas mixture can be provided on both the distributor plate and the burner body.
  • the distributor plate and burner body are usually arranged coaxially to one another.
  • An ionization electrode is also provided with an electrode length that runs at a distance from the outer surface of the burner body and essentially parallel to it.
  • the burner surface of the burner body that is directly assigned to the ionization electrode can have a surface section with a homogeneous, evenly distributed open opening structure (openings/slots) in the axial and radial directions, whereby the ionization electrode can be aligned centrally to this surface section.
  • the distributor plate arranged on the inside of the burner body (i.e. the side from which the burner gas-air mixture flows in) and aligned parallel to the burner surface or the burner body can have an alternating, strongly open hole structure in the radial direction. This can be achieved, for example, by means of intermediate sections that are free of hole structures, whereby a symmetrically arranged hole structure is still present.
  • the arrangement of the surfaces of the burner body and the distributor plate closest to the ionization electrode, viewed in the axial direction, is designed in such a way that the hole structure of the distributor plate can be assigned parallel to the burner body in such a way that the surfaces with the larger opening degree are directly assigned to the hole structure with the smaller opening degree of the burner body and vice versa.
  • the described combination of the arrangement and design of both hole structures of the distributor plate and the burner surface can lead to a lambda-dependent homogeneity of the flame image in the area of the ionization electrode, regardless of the load range of the burner. This measure can be used to design both high modulation bandwidths for stable control and lambda-dependent, continuously falling/rising ionization current curves.
  • This solution can improve the mixture distribution of the fuel in a defined area of the inner surface (in the direction of flow in front of the burner surface) of a burner for gas-fired heating devices in such a way that a flame image is generated over the modulation range of the heat load, which, in combined use with measuring devices for the quantitative determination of an ionization current (usually ignition/ionization electrodes), delivers the highest possible ionization signal above this burner surface area and/or over the entire modulation bandwidth.
  • an ionization current usually ignition/ionization electrodes
  • a stable control signal that is independent of aging can be obtained for this control over the set modulation range of the heat load, or a corresponding ADA correction can be made possible by means of functional adaptation.
  • the degree of modulation can be increased by the ionization current providing an adequate signal for controlling the mixture formation over the widest possible modulation range.
  • the described concept of the distributor plate in combination with the combustion body ensures a load-modulation-dependent pressure equalization in the area of the ionization electrode and can influence the flames on the combustion body in such a way that they always form the same distance to the electrode under all load and/or lambda variations of the combustion.
  • the distribution plate is arranged on the inner surface of the burner body.
  • the distribution plate is positioned opposite the inner surface of the burner body in such a way that the defined perforation shapes the flame pattern on the ionization electrode in the desired manner and It can be attached together with the burner body to the flange of the burner, for example by welding, screwing, riveting or the like.
  • the distribution plate is preferably positioned on the pressure side, ie on the side against which the gas mixture flows. A gap/space of approx. 6 mm to 8 mm can be provided between the distribution plate and the burner body.
  • the distribution plate can have a length that corresponds at least to the electrode length and a width in the range of 1 to 10 cm [centimeters], preferably 2 to 6 cm.
  • the distribution plate can be designed in the manner of a circular or cylindrical segment. In most cases, the surface of the distribution plate is essentially congruent with the burner body surface.
  • the holes in the distribution plate can be round and/or slot-shaped to release an opening area that can have a length that corresponds at least to the electrode length. Different opening areas of predeterminable openness can be provided by coordinated rows of holes/slots, e.g.
  • the distribution plate influences the amount of fuel gas-air mixture flowing out in the area of the ionization electrode and, in conjunction with the combustion body and its opening pattern, ensures pressure equalization, which can result in a more uniform flow around the ionization electrode that is less dependent on the performance of the heater.
  • the distribution plate is particularly preferably a perforated plate whose holes make up (maximum) 5 to 10% [percent], preferably in the range of 5 to 10%, of its surface. A corresponding proportion of openings in the burner body are completely or partially covered by the non-perforated surface of the distribution plate.
  • the openings in the burner body have a smallest dimension and the holes in the distribution plate are so large and have such a shape that 3 to 20 openings, preferably 4 to 16, are at least partially covered by one hole, especially in the area immediately below the ionization electrode.
  • the openings in a burner body are not necessarily all circular.
  • hole patterns with slots (and holes) but the smallest dimension of all openings is also determined by the fact that a flashback of flames into the burner body is to be avoided. Therefore, holes and slots usually have a smallest dimension in the range of 0.3 to 1.0 mm [millimeters].
  • slots can be significantly longer, for example 2 to 8 mm.
  • the holes are essentially circular and have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, preferably 2 to 3 mm.
  • the distribution plate should be made of the same material as the burner body or a material with similar thermal behavior in order to avoid different expansions and thus thermal stresses during operation.
  • the diffuser plate may be adapted to be mounted on an external surface or an internal surface of a burner body, the diffuser plate having holes comprising 20 to 80% of its area.
  • the holes are essentially circular and have a diameter of 5 to 15 mm.
  • a staggered arrangement closest packing of spheres is advantageous.
  • the distribution plate preferably has the shape of a section of a cylinder jacket surface, an axial length of 5 to 20 cm, preferably 5 to 15 cm, and a width of 1 to 10 cm, preferably 2 to 6 cm.
  • Fig.1 shows schematically a burner arrangement according to the invention for a heating device with a burner body 3 and an ionization electrode 7. Both are typically attached (via a flange) to a so-called burner door 2.
  • the burner body 3 is cylindrical and protrudes with its axial extension into a combustion chamber 1.
  • the ionization electrode 7 runs at a distance of e.g. 5 to 10 cm in the axial direction approximately parallel to an outer surface 5 of the burner body 3 and has an electrode length EL of e.g. 5 to 20 cm.
  • the burner body 3 has openings 6 which run from its inner surface 4 to the outer surface 5. A mixture of fuel gas and air can flow through these to be burned in the combustion chamber 1, whereby flames 11 are formed.
  • the openings 6 can be circular and/or slot-shaped, each with a smallest dimension of about 0.3 to 1 mm, preferably 0.5 to 0.8 mm. In most cases they are arranged in the form of patterns, the size and pattern of the openings depending, among other things, on the fuel gas to be burned, the geometry of the burner body, combustion chamber and the power range of the heater. However, the pattern is not always suitable for correctly flowing to an ionization electrode 7 over a wide power range. This is achieved according to the invention by a distribution plate 8 with holes 9, which is arranged on the outer surface 5 or the inner surface 4 in the area 10 of the ionization electrode 7.
  • the holes 9 are dimensioned and designed in such a way that they each leave several openings 6 of the burner body 3 completely or partially free, while closed partial areas of the distribution plate 8 cover numerous openings 6 completely or partially. This creates an area 10 around the ionization electrode 7 with fewer flames 11 than in the rest of the combustion chamber 1, which improves the measurement accuracy over a large power range.
  • the distribution plate 8 is also suitable for retrofitting existing burner bodies 3.
  • Fig.2 shows a distribution plate 8 with holes 9 (here circular) which have a diameter D of 2.5 to 3.5 mm.
  • the distribution plate 8 has the shape of a section of the outer surface of a cylinder, a length L in the axial direction of 5 to 20 cm and a width B of 1 to 10 cm.
  • the approximate size of openings 6 of a burner body 3 is indicated as an example.
  • the present invention makes it possible to extend the applicability and/or accuracy of an ionization measuring system by simple means and to control heating devices equipped therewith over a wide power range.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (7)

  1. Agencement de brûleur avec un corps de brûleur (3) qui présente une surface intérieure (4) et une surface extérieure (5) ainsi qu'un modèle composé d'ouvertures (6) pour le passage d'un mélange air-gaz combustible, et une électrode d'ionisation (7) avec une longueur d'électrode (EL) qui s'étend à distance de la surface extérieure (5) du corps de brûleur (3) et parallèlement à celle-ci, dans lequel une tôle de distribution (8) est présente, caractérisé en ce que la tôle de distribution (8) modifie le modèle composé d'ouvertures (6) dans la zone (10) de l'électrode d'ionisation (7) en ce qu'il recouvre au moins partiellement une partie des ouvertures (6).
  2. Agencement de brûleur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la tôle de distribution (8) est agencée au niveau de la surface intérieure (4) du corps de brûleur.
  3. Agencement de brûleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, dans lequel la tôle de distribution (8) présente une longueur (L) qui correspond au moins à la longueur d'électrode (EL) et une largeur (B) de 1 à 10 cm.
  4. Agencement de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tôle de distribution (8) est une tôle perforée dont les trous constituent 5 à 15 % de sa surface.
  5. Agencement de brûleur selon la revendication 4, dans lequel les ouvertures (6) dans le corps de brûleur (2) présentent la plus petite dimension et les trous (9) dans la tôle de distribution (8) sont si grands et présentent une telle forme que 3 à 20 ouvertures (6) ne sont pas recouvertes au moins partiellement par un trou (9).
  6. Agencement de brûleur selon la revendication 4 ou 5, dans lequel les trous (9) sont sensiblement en forme de cercle et présentent un diamètre (D) de 1 à 5 mm.
  7. Agencement de brûleur selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la tôle de distribution (8) se compose du même ou d'un matériau de comportement thermique similaire que le corps de brûleur (3).
EP21172729.2A 2020-05-12 2021-05-07 Agencement de brûleur et tôle de distribution Active EP3910237B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020112813 2020-05-12

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3910237A2 EP3910237A2 (fr) 2021-11-17
EP3910237A3 EP3910237A3 (fr) 2022-02-23
EP3910237B1 true EP3910237B1 (fr) 2024-06-12

Family

ID=75870462

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21172729.2A Active EP3910237B1 (fr) 2020-05-12 2021-05-07 Agencement de brûleur et tôle de distribution

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EP (1) EP3910237B1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5240411A (en) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-31 Mor-Flo Industries, Inc. Atmospheric gas burner assembly
FR2706986B1 (fr) * 1993-06-21 1995-09-01 Mts Sa
DE19912076A1 (de) 1999-03-18 2000-09-21 Kromschroeder Ag G Vormischbrenner für gasförmige Brennstoffe
ITMO20070167A1 (it) * 2007-05-21 2008-11-22 Worgas Bruciatori Srl Bruciatore modulante
DE102012014009A1 (de) * 2012-07-17 2014-01-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Flächenbrenner und Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Flammenbildung bei einem Flächenbrenner
DE202016105039U1 (de) 2016-09-12 2017-09-14 Viessmann Werke Gmbh & Co Kg Gasbrenner

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Publication number Publication date
EP3910237A3 (fr) 2022-02-23
EP3910237A2 (fr) 2021-11-17

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