EP3902904A1 - Système fluidique de production de vésicules extracellulaires et procédé associé - Google Patents
Système fluidique de production de vésicules extracellulaires et procédé associéInfo
- Publication number
- EP3902904A1 EP3902904A1 EP19850769.1A EP19850769A EP3902904A1 EP 3902904 A1 EP3902904 A1 EP 3902904A1 EP 19850769 A EP19850769 A EP 19850769A EP 3902904 A1 EP3902904 A1 EP 3902904A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- extracellular vesicles
- container
- liquid medium
- cells
- producer cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
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Classifications
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
- C12M23/02—Form or structure of the vessel
- C12M23/16—Microfluidic devices; Capillary tubes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M27/00—Means for mixing, agitating or circulating fluids in the vessel
- C12M27/02—Stirrer or mobile mixing elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M29/00—Means for introduction, extraction or recirculation of materials, e.g. pumps
- C12M29/04—Filters; Permeable or porous membranes or plates, e.g. dialysis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M29/26—Conditioning fluids entering or exiting the reaction vessel
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
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- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
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- A61K49/001—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining
- A61K49/0063—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres
- A61K49/0069—Preparation for luminescence or biological staining characterised by a special physical or galenical form, e.g. emulsions, microspheres the agent being in a particular physical galenical form
- A61K49/0097—Cells, viruses, ghosts, red blood cells, viral vectors, used for imaging or diagnosis in vivo
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Definitions
- the invention relates generally to the production of extracellular vesicles.
- the invention relates more specifically to a system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension, a method for producing and recovering such vesicles and vesicles produced by such a system, the extracellular vesicles can for example be d interest as vectors of therapeutic and / or imaging agent, as an alternative to cell therapy and in regenerative medicine.
- Extracellular vesicles are known to release extracellular vesicles into their environment, for example, in vivo, into the biological fluids of an organism. Extracellular vesicles have been identified as effective means of delivering drugs, in a personalized or targeted manner, into the human body. First, they have native biocompatibility and immune tolerance. They can also internalize theranostic nanoparticles, making it possible both to image certain parts of the body and to deliver active principles having therapeutic functions. Extracellular vesicles also have a function of intercellular communication: they allow, for example, to transport lipids, membrane and cytoplasmic proteins and / or nucleotides of the cell cytoplasm, such as non-coding mRNA, microRNA or long RNA , between different cells.
- Extracellular vesicles also have a function of intercellular communication: they allow, for example, to transport lipids, membrane and cytoplasmic proteins and / or nucleotides of the cell cytoplasm, such as non-coding mRNA, micro
- extracellular vesicles can make it possible to solve known problems during the therapeutic use of cells, such as cell replication, differentiation, vascular occlusions, the risks of rejection and the difficulties of storage and freezing.
- cell replication, differentiation, vascular occlusions, the risks of rejection and the difficulties of storage and freezing There is therefore an industrial need for the production of cell vesicles in sufficient quantities for therapeutic use, in particular as a replacement or in addition to cellular therapies.
- a first method consists in producing extracellular vesicles from endothelial cells of the umbilical cord vein (HUVEC), by subjecting these cells to hydrodynamic stresses mimicking the stresses exerted under physiological conditions within the blood capillaries or under pathological conditions during stenosis of blood vessels. These constraints are caused by the passage of producer cells through microfluidic channels.
- a microfluidic chip includes two hundred channels in which cells are transported in a laminar flow, to produce vesicles in a parallelized fashion.
- a second method commonly used in the literature and described by PifFoux et al. consists in cultivating HUVECs in a culture medium of DMEM type (English acronym for Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) without serum, for three days (technique called starvation in English, or serum deficiency). The absence of serum leads to cellular stress triggering a release of vesicles by the cells producers.
- This method has a higher yield and makes it possible to produce a larger quantity of vesicles than the method using a microfluidic chip (approximately 4.10 4 vesicles per producing cell).
- the calculated yield corresponds to a production time much longer than the production time of the previous method.
- This method does not make it possible to produce a quantity of extracellular vesicles sufficient for the abovementioned applications.
- this method does not make it possible to produce vesicles continuously since it induces cell death.
- Watson et al (Watson, DC, Bayik, D., Srivatsan, A., Bergamaschi, C., Valentin, A., Niu, G. & Jones, JC, 2016, Efficient production and enhanced tumor delivery of engineered extracellular vesicles, Biomaterials, 105, 195-205) describe a method of producing vesicles which makes it possible to increase the quantity of vesicles produced.
- This method consists in cultivating adherent cells of HEK293 type in culture flasks, then in hollow fiber membranes. The central passage of the hollow fibers makes it possible to convey the culture medium to the producer cells.
- the producer cells are first sown around this passage, where they produce vesicles in an inter-fiber space.
- the liquid medium included in the inter-fiber space is collected three times a week, making it possible to produce approximately 3.10 12 vesicles in several weeks, for very large quantities of seeded cells, for example of the order of 5.10 8 cells, causing a yield of approximately 6000 extracellular vesicles per cell and a very low purity ratio (for example 1.09 ⁇ 10 9 particles per microgram of proteins).
- This production is however not high enough and too slow with regard to the aforementioned applications.
- this method is described using producer cells corresponding to a cell line particularly resistant to culture in a medium lacking serum: this method may not be transposable to a production of vesicles by producer cells such as stem cells, for example human, less resistant and particularly suitable for the targeted therapeutic applications.
- the culture of cells in suspension in 3 dimensions (3D) requires the use of a method with low agitation in order not to induce the death of the cells that one seeks to cultivate.
- the Kolmogorov length is a criterion which makes it possible to evaluate the turbulence created by the mixing action and to determine when the turbulence is excessive for a 3D culture.
- an object of the invention is to provide a solution for rapidly producing large quantities of extracellular vesicles from producer cells, more quickly than with known methods, under conditions which can be or can be made to comply with GMP Un standards.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a solution making it possible to increase the yield of the vesicle production system, that is to say the ratio between the number of vesicles produced and the number of producer cells introduced into the production system. production.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a system suitable for producing extracellular vesicles from a wide range of producer cells in suspension, regardless of the resistance of the type of cell introduced into the production system and which is resistant or not. serum deficiency.
- the producing cells in suspension are of human, animal, plant origin or originating from bacteria or other microorganisms.
- Another object of the invention is to propose a solution for producing and recovering extracellular vesicles continuously or discontinuously.
- another object of the invention is to simplify the structure of the fluidic system for the production of vesicles and to reduce its manufacturing cost.
- One of the aims of the invention is also the use of the vesicles produced by the fluidic system according to the invention, and / or obtained by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention.
- another object of the invention is to provide a solution for loading the extracellular vesicles produced by the fluidic system of at least one therapeutic agent and / or imaging agent.
- One of the aims of the invention is also the use of extracellular vesicles loaded with at least one therapeutic agent and / or imaging agent obtained by means of the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent using the inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles from producer cells according to the invention.
- an object of the invention is a fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells in suspension, comprising at least one container, a liquid medium contained by the container, producer cells in suspension, a liquid agitator, means for controlling the speed of the agitator suitable for the growth of the producing cells in suspension, characterized in that it also comprises means for controlling the speed of the agitator and an agitator, the shape and dimensions of the container are suitable for generating a turbulent flow of the liquid medium in the container to exert shear stresses on the producing cells in order to achieve the production of extracellular vesicles (EV), the length of Kolmogorov from l the flow being less than or equal to 50 mm, preferably less than or equal to 40 mm; more preferably less than or equal to 35 mm.
- the Kolmogorov length is from 5 to 50 mm, preferably from 5 to 41 mm, more preferably from 5 to 35 mm, even more preferably from 10 to 35 mm.
- an object of the invention is a fluidic system for the production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells in suspension, comprising at least one container, a liquid medium contained in the container, producer cells in suspension, a liquid agitator, means for controlling the speed of the agitator suitable for the growth of the producing cells in suspension, characterized in that the means for controlling the speed of the agitator, the agitator and the shape and dimensions of the container are adapted to the generation of a turbulent flow of the liquid medium in the container to exert shear stresses on the producing cells in order to carry out the production of extracellular vesicles (EV), the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 50 mm, preferably less than or equal to 40 mm; more preferably less than or equal to 35 mm.
- the Kolmogorov length is from 5 to 50 mm, preferably from 5 to 41 mm, preferably from 10 to 41 mm, more preferably from 5 to 35 mm, even more preferably from 10 to 35 mm.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are human cells, preferably healthy human cells.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are pathological cells, for example cancer cells such as HeLa cells.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are animal cells, preferably murine cells, for example murine MSC cells (murine mesenchymal stem cells).
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are non-adherent cells.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are adherent cells detached from their culture support, for example by suitable treatment, for example enzymatic, for example chemical or for example mechanical or a combination of these means.
- the producer cells used within the framework of the present invention are stem cells in particular induced pluripotent stem cells, multipotent cells for example multipotent mesenchymal cells, genetically modified cells or endothelial cells of the vein of the umbilical cord (HUVEC).
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are stem cells in particular induced pluripotent stem cells, multipotent cells for example multipotent mesenchymal cells, genetically modified cells or cells endothelial from the umbilical cord vein (HUVEC) or primary cells in general.
- stem cells in particular induced pluripotent stem cells, multipotent cells for example multipotent mesenchymal cells, genetically modified cells or cells endothelial from the umbilical cord vein (HUVEC) or primary cells in general.
- the producer cells used within the framework of the present invention are cells of cell line, preferentially of human line of monocytes or of human line of cells of hematopoietic origin derived from B lymphocytes, more preferably it s are THP-1 cells or Raji cells.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are primary cells, for example red blood cells.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are cells originating from the subject for which the extracellular vesicles produced by said producer cells will be used, for example by administration or by ex vivo use.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are cells not originating from the subject for which the extracellular vesicles produced by said producer cells will be used, for example by administration or by ex vivo use.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are cells originating from the same species as the subject species for which the extracellular vesicles produced by said producer cells will be used.
- the producer cells used in the context of the present invention are cells originating from a species different from the species of the subject for which the extracellular vesicles produced by said producer cells will be used.
- the concentration of producer cells in the liquid medium of the fluid system container is between 50,000 and 500,000,000 producer cells per liter of liquid medium, preferably between 50,000,000 and 500,000,000 producer cells per liter , preferably between 50,000,000 and 300,000,000 per liter, more preferably between 200,000,000 and 300,000,000 per liter, even more preferably approximately 250,000,000 per liter of said liquid medium.
- the concentration of producer cells in the liquid medium of the fluid system container is between 100,000 and 250,000,000 producer cells per liter of liquid medium.
- the concentration of producer cells in the liquid medium of the fluid system container is between 50,000 and 900,000,000,000,000 producer cells per liter of liquid medium, preferably between 50,000,000 and 100,000,000,000,000 producer cells per liter, preferably between 50,000,000 and 10,000,000,000,000 per liter, even more preferably between 200,000,000 and 1,000,000,000,000 per liter.
- the concentration of producer cells in the liquid medium of the container of the fluid system is between 100,000,000 and 1,000,000,000,000 producer cells per liter of liquid medium.
- an object of the invention consists of the vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention.
- an object of the invention is the use of the vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention to act on cells.
- an object of the invention is the use of the vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention for imaging purposes and / or for therapeutic purposes.
- the duration of the turbulent stirring at a Kolmogorov length less than or equal to 50 mm, for example from 17 to 35 mm is greater than or equal to 15 minutes, preferably from approximately 20 minutes to approximately 10 hours , more preferably from approximately 20 minutes to approximately 8 hours, even more preferably from approximately 1 hour to approximately 6 hours, even more preferably between approximately 2 hours and approximately 3 hours, even more preferably approximately 2 hours or alternatively approximately 3 hours or alternately about 4 hours.
- the agitator of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is consisting of a blade.
- said agitator consists of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 or more than 8 blades.
- the at least one blade of said agitator is a vertical blade.
- the agitator of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is an agitator of the propeller type, for example marine or propeller with profiled blades, or a turbine, for example turbine of Rushton, or a stirring anchor, or a barrier stirrer, or a helix with helical ribbons, or a paddle wheel, or a toothed wheel, or a magnetic stirrer or a combination of these agitators.
- static structures may be present in the container, for example baffles, or else structures forming partial barriers to liquid movement, such as those used in a static mixer.
- the agitator of the liquid medium and the dimensions of the container are adapted to control a flow of the liquid medium, the length of Kolmogorov of the flow being less than or equal to 50 mm, and preferably less than or equal to 40 mm; more preferably less than or equal to 35 mm.
- the fluidic system comprises an outlet and a connector connected to the outlet, the connector being capable of comprising liquid medium and extracellular vesicles;
- the agitator is preferably a rotary or orbital agitator whose rotation speed or speeds, shape and size are adapted, with the shape and dimensions of the container, to the generation of a turbulent flow of the liquid medium in the container;
- the container is used or can be used in batch mode, that is to say that the liquid contained in the container is extracted after the producer cells have produced extracellular vesicles for a given time,
- the fluidic system comprises a separator of extracellular vesicles
- the fluidic system comprises a separator of extracellular vesicles fluidly connected to the container so as to be capable of reintroducing into the container a liquid medium depleted in extracellular vesicles (EV).
- EV extracellular vesicles
- the separator is positioned inside or outside the container, the liquid can be contained in the container and depleted in vesicles thanks to a separator internal to the container, while the cells are kept in the container or the liquid can be contained in the container and depleted in vesicles thanks to a separator outside the container.
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a stirring flask with a capacity of 100 ml (for example the Spinner stirring flask Bellco for cell suspensions, reference Bellco 505001), comprising a blade with a diameter of 3.8 cm and a working volume of less than 100 mL.
- the receptacle of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producing cells in suspension according to the invention is a stirring flange whose structural characteristics (capacity, diameter of the blade and working volume) are all increased or decreased proportionally compared to those mentioned above for the shaking flask with a capacity of 100 mL; according to another embodiment, said characteristics structural are all increased or decreased in a non-proportional manner compared to those mentioned above for the flask with agitation of a capacity of 100 ml, in particular during a change of scale.
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a stirring flask with a capacity of 500 mL (for example the Spinner stirring flask Bellco for cell suspensions, reference Bellco 505010), comprising a blade with a diameter of 7.6 cm and a working volume of 200 mL to 500 mL, or a stirred flange with structural characteristics (capacity, blade diameter and volume working) are all increased or decreased proportionally compared to those mentioned above for the stirred flask with a capacity of 500 mL, or a stirred flange whose said structural characteristics are all increased or decreased in a non-proportional manner compared to those mentioned above for the shaking flask with a capacity of 500 mL, especially when changing the scale.
- 500 mL for example the Spinner stirring flask Bellco for cell suspensions, reference Bellco 505010
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a stirred flask with a capacity of 1000 ml (for example the device Spinner stirring flask Bellco for cell suspensions, reference Bellco 505010), comprising a blade with a diameter of 10.8 cm and a working volume greater than or equal to 300mL and less than IL, or a flange with agitation whose structural characteristics (capacity, diameter of the blade and working volume) are all increased or decreased in proportion to those mentioned above for the stirred flask with a capacity of 1000 mL.
- a stirred flask with a capacity of 1000 ml for example the device Spinner stirring flask Bellco for cell suspensions, reference Bellco 505010
- a blade with a diameter of 10.8 cm and a working volume greater than or equal to 300mL and less than IL or a flange with agitation whose structural characteristics (capacity, diameter of the blade and working volume) are
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a bioreactor whose working volume is from 400 ml to 1000 ml and the diameter of the blade is 6 cm.
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a bioreactor whose working volume and the diameter of the blade are increased or decreased proportionally by compared to the respective values of 400 mL and 6 cm.
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a bioreactor with stirring means per blade, which the skilled person can have or design.
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention is a bioreactor whose working volume and the diameter of the blade are increased or decreased in a non-proportional manner compared to the respective values mentioned above, especially when changing the scale.
- the container of the fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producing cells in suspension according to the invention is a bioreactor or a flask with agitation whose geometric characteristics, working volume, type of mixer and its characteristics, and the operating mode are chosen according to practices accessible to those skilled in the art.
- Another subject of the invention is a process for the ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells in suspension, comprising:
- the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 50 mm, preferably less than or equal to 40 mm in a container, the container comprising a outlet, the liquid medium comprising producer cells in suspension, and - a collection of the liquid medium comprising extracellular vesicles (EV) at the outlet of the container.
- the agitator is controlled to cause a flow of the constant or intermittent liquid medium, of increasing or decreasing intensity, the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 40 mm;
- a separator depletes part of the liquid medium collected at the outlet of the container in extracellular vesicles, and the part of the liquid medium is reintroduced into the container.
- the process comprises a prior step of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent present in the liquid medium ,
- the invention thus relates to a process for the ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension, comprising: (i) the insertion of producer cells into a container comprising a liquid medium;
- the container in which the producer cells are inserted in step (i) is a fluidic system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention as described in the present application.
- an object of the invention consists of the vesicles obtained by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention.
- an object of the invention is the use of vesicles obtained by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention to act on cells.
- an object of the invention is the use of vesicles obtained by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention for imaging purposes and / or for therapeutic purposes .
- the invention is a method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells, comprising the following steps : add to a container a liquid medium comprising producer cells and at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent,
- the agitator is controlled to cause a flow of the liquid medium, the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 40 mm;
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) leaving the container comprise a mixture of extracellular vesicles loaded with at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent or uncharged extracellular vesicles.
- the at least one medical imaging agent is chosen, for example from a fluorescence agent, a luminescence agent, a radioactive isotope, a contrast agent with magnetic, plasmonic, acoustic or radio opaque properties and their mixtures.
- the preferred characteristics in particular as regards the type of producer cells, their concentration in the liquid medium, the Kolmogorov length ranges, the duration of the turbulent agitation at a Kolmogorov length less than or equal to 50 mm, for example from 5 to 35 mm, and the capacity, working environment, the type of agitator and the diameter of the possible at least one blade of the fluidic system, which are described for the fluidic system above, are also preferred characteristics of the processes. according to the invention, namely the method of producing ex vivo extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension and the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles from producer cells.
- an object of the invention consists of the vesicles obtained by the process of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside G or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles from producer cells according to the invention. 'invention.
- an object of the invention is the use of vesicles obtained by the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or to the membrane of extracellular vesicles from producer cells according to the invention to act on cells.
- an object of the invention is the use of vesicles obtained by the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles from producer cells. according to the invention for imaging purposes and / or for therapeutic purposes.
- the subject of the invention is also the extracellular vesicles produced by the system for producing extracellular vesicles from producer cells in suspension according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the extracellular vesicles obtained by the process for the production and recovery of extracellular vesicles according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the extracellular vesicles obtained by the method of loading extracellular vesicles according to the invention.
- the invention also relates to the extracellular vesicles obtained by implementing the fluidic system according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells. in suspension according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or by the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles (EV) at starting from producer cells according to the invention as described in the present application.
- the extracellular vesicles varies as a function of the producer cells used and as a function of the production process used, in particular in terms of membrane markers and constituents present on these vesicles.
- the extracellular vesicles according to the present invention have an average diameter between 40 and 300 nm, preferably between 45 and 90 nm, more preferably between 50 and 65 nm, even more preferably around 60 nm, said mean diameter of the extracellular vesicles being measured by a method interferometry in combination or not with fluorescence, preferably said average diameter is measured using the ExoView TM R100 device marketed by the company NanoView Bioscience.
- the extracellular vesicles according to the present invention have an average diameter of between 50 and 500 nm, preferably between 100 and 110 nm, more preferably between 105 and 109 nm, even more preferably around 106 nm or alternatively around 108 nm , said mean diameter of the extracellular vesicles being measured by an individual particle tracking method (or NTA for Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) for example with the NanoSight NS300 device marketed by the company Malvem Panalytical.
- an individual particle tracking method or NTA for Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
- said extracellular vesicles have CD81, CD63, and / or CD9 membrane markers as described in FIG. 11. More advantageously, said extracellular vesicles express the CD81 and / or CD63 markers.
- the extracellular vesicles produced from the fluid system according to the invention and / or according to the method according to the invention can be cooled to a desired temperature, for example approximately 4 degrees centigrade, or they can be frozen if desired for a transport.
- the subject of the invention is also the use of the extracellular vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained thanks to the process for the ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producing cells in suspension according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the process of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles ( EV) from producer cells according to the invention as described in the present application, as a vector for the administration of at least one medical imaging agent, for example for performing medical imaging.
- the at least one medical imaging agent is chosen, for example, from a fluorescence agent, a luminescence agent, a radioactive isotope, a contrast agent with magnetic, plasmonic, acoustic or radio properties opaque and their mixtures.
- the present invention also relates to the extracellular vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells in suspension.
- the present invention also relates to the extracellular vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the method of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells in suspension. according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles (EV) from of producer cells according to the invention as described in the present application, for their use in immunotherapy, in regenerative medicine, as an alternative or in addition to cell therapy, as a vector for delivering at least one therapeutic agent and / or d and / or in the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, immunological diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer diseases, mala genetic diseases, degenerative diseases or diseases secondary to surgery or trauma.
- the present invention also relates to a method of treatment in immunotherapy, in regenerative medicine, as an alternative or in addition to cell therapy, as vectors of at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent, and / or of treatment.
- tumors, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, immunological diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer diseases, genetic diseases, degenerative diseases or diseases secondary to surgery or trauma involving administration to a subject in need thereof of extracellular vesicles produced by the fluid system according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the process of ex vivo production of vesicles extracellular (EV) from producer cells in suspension according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the process of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or to the membrane of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells according to the invention as described in the present application.
- EV extracellular extracellular
- the present invention also relates to the use of the extracellular vesicles produced by the fluidic system according to the invention as described in the present application, and / or obtained by the process of ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles (EV) from cells.
- the therapeutic use of the extracellular vesicles, the extracellular vesicles for their therapeutic use, the methods of treatment or the use of the extracellular vesicles for their use for the manufacture of a medicament, as described below. above involves the administration and / or the ex vivo use of said extracellular vesicles.
- the administration can for example be parenteral or enteral, such as an injectable administration (in particular intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrarachidian ...), oral buccal, cutaneous, local, vaginal, rectal, ocular, auricular, etc.
- the invention relates to the extracellular vesicles according to the invention, as described in the present application, obtained from THP-1 producing cells or lymphocytes, for their use for example in immunotherapy and / or oncology.
- the invention relates to the extracellular vesicles according to the invention, as described in the present application, obtained from producer cells which are mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), for their use in regenerative medicine or in the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases, inflammatory diseases, immunological diseases, metabolic diseases, cancer diseases, genetic diseases, degenerative diseases or diseases secondary to surgery or trauma.
- MSC mesenchymal stem cells
- the invention relates to the extracellular vesicles according to the invention, as described in the present application, obtained from any type of cell or from red blood cells, and loaded with at least one therapeutic agent , for their use for delivering the at least one therapeutic agent in the body of a subject.
- the invention relates to the use of the extracellular vesicles according to the invention, as described in the present application, obtained from any type of cell or from red blood cells, and loaded with at least an imaging agent, to perform a medical imaging examination.
- the invention relates to the use of the extracellular vesicles according to the invention, as described in the present application, obtained from any type of cell or from red blood cells, and loaded with at least a therapeutic agent and at least one imaging agent, for monitoring the distribution of said extracellular vesicles in the body of a subject by medical imaging and delivering the at least one therapeutic agent in the body of said subject.
- extracellular vesicle generally designates a vesicle released endogenously by a producer cell, the diameter of which is between 30 nm and 5000 nm.
- An extracellular vesicle corresponds in particular to an exosome and / or a microvesicle and / or a cellular apoptotic body.
- the term "suspended producer cell” generally refers to a cell that is not adherent to a medium and can divide and multiply.
- the term “producer cells in suspension” designates human cells, of animal or vegetable origin, bacteria or other microorganisms capable of secreting extracellular vesicles.
- the term “producer cells in suspension” designates adherent cells detached from their culture support and suspended. A gentle mixture created by G agitator allows the producer cells in suspension as defined to remain in suspension in the liquid culture medium.
- the term “producer cells in suspension” denotes cellular aggregates.
- the term “cellular aggregates" designates an assembly of several producer cells in suspension which adhere to one another. A gentle mixture created by the agitator allows the suspension producing cells as defined to remain in suspension in the liquid culture medium.
- therapeutic agent or "imaging agent” generally designates any agent, molecule or particle, compound of interest which can be charged, inserted into the extracellular vesicles.
- agents can be therapeutic agents molecules or particles to treat infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative, traumatic, post-surgical, genetic, malignant (tumors), orphan, vascular, lymphatic, locomotor, digestive, nervous, reproductive diseases , excretor and / or agents (molecules or particles) of nuclear, magnetic, optical, acoustic, etc.
- the at least one medical imaging agent according to the present invention can advantageously be chosen from a fluorescence agent, a luminescence agent, a radioactive isotope, a contrast agent with magnetic, plasmonic, acoustic or radio opaque properties and their mixtures.
- agitator must be understood in an extremely general sense, which is that of a means or a combination of means allowing by action on the liquid to generate at least one flow, to favor the mixing of the liquid or to generate turbulence in this liquid.
- approximately placed before a number, means more or less 10% of the nominal value of this number.
- cell refers to the smallest basic structural and functional unit of living organisms, consisting of a protoplasm or cytoplasm, separated from the external environment by a membrane. In the context of the present invention, the term “cell” also includes red blood cells and platelets.
- healthy cells refers to cells from healthy tissue, as opposed to cells from tissue or pathological organs that is to say, whose functions are impaired.
- between X and Y relates to the range of values between X and Y, the limits X and Y being included in said range.
- immunotherapy refers to the treatment of a disease by an intervention on the immune system.
- regenerative medicine refers to all of the biomedical methods used for the replacement or regeneration of human tissues or organs for therapeutic purposes.
- subject refers to an animal, including a human being, male or female, regardless of age.
- a subject may be a patient, namely a person receiving medical care, undergoing or having undergone medical treatment, or being monitored in the context of the development of a disease.
- cell therapy refers to the use in humans of living somatic cells, manipulated or modified in their biological characteristics, to prevent, treat, or mitigate certain pathologies.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a fluid system for the production of extracellular vesicles
- FIG. 2 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by THP1 cells in a fluid system after 20 minutes of shaking for different shaking intensities
- FIG. 3 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by THP1 cells after 3 hours of agitation for different intensities of agitation
- FIG. 4 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by THP1 cells in a fluid system after 20 minutes of agitation for different Kolmogorov lengths
- FIG. 5 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by THP1 cells in a fluidic system for 200 RPM and 300 RPM agitation as a function of time
- FIG. 6 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by C3H / 10T1 / 2 cells in a fluidic system after 20 minutes of agitation for different Kolmogorov lengths
- FIG. 7 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by Raji cells and HeLa cells either in a fluid system after 3 hours of turbulent agitation (for HeLa cells the agitation is 250 RPM and Kolmogorov length of 41 mth and for the Raji cells the agitation is 500 RPM and the Kolmogorov length is 24 mm) or under conditions of deficiency;
- FIG. 8 illustrates in 8a) the number of viable Raji cells before and after either turbulent agitation for 3 hours (500 RPM with Kolmogorov length of 24 mm), or deficiency conditions.
- 8b) is illustrated the percentage of adenylate kinase in the supernatant of the control test, of the 72h 2D deficiency test and of the test according to the invention;
- FIG. 9 illustrates the appearance of the Raji producing cells between after 3 hours in the control test and after 3 hours of turbulent agitation (500 RPM with Kolmogorov length of 24 mm), by observation under an optical microscope;
- FIG. 10 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by THP-1 cells in 3D deficiency or in 2D deficiency for different times;
- FIG. 11 illustrates the size distribution of extracellular vesicles produced from THP-1, HeLa or Raji producer cells, in deficiency or turbulence conditions (500 RPM with Kolmogorov length of 24 mm), measured by NTA;
- FIG. 12 illustrates the size distribution of extracellular vesicles produced from THP-1 producer cells under conditions of deficiency for 72 h or turbulence for 3 hours (500 RPM with Kolmogorov length of 24 mm), measured by the ExoView TM R100;
- FIG. 13 illustrates the analysis of the membrane markers of extracellular vesicles produced from THP-1 producer cells in conditions of deficiency or turbulence (500 RPM with Kolmogorov length of 24 mm), measured by the ExoView TM R100;
- FIG. 14 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by red blood cells after 2 hours of agitation for different Kolmogorov lengths (18.6 mm for the top figure and 10.9 mm for the bottom figure versus a control without agitation) ;
- the Kolmogorov length (or Kolmogorov dimension or Adeddy length) is the length from which the viscosity of a fluid makes it possible to dissipate the kinetic energy of a flow of this fluid.
- the Kolmogorov length corresponds to the size of the smallest vortices in a turbulent flow.
- This length L k is calculated in the publication by Kolmogorov (Kolmogorov, AN, 1941, January, The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers, In Dokl. Akad. Nauk, SSSR, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 301-305) and described by the following formula (I):
- N P is the number of power (or number of Newton) dimensionless of the agitator in the liquid medium
- D is the diameter of the agitator (in meters)
- N is the speed of rotation (in number of revolutions per second)
- V is the volume of liquid medium (in cubic meters).
- a person skilled in the art by means of his general knowledge and with alternative calculation methods, can calculate the Kolmogorov length per unit of volume. In any case, the calculation presented above is only one of the many known to those skilled in the art to calculate the length of Kolmogorov.
- FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a fluidic system (1) for the production of extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the fluidic system (1) for producing extracellular vesicles (EV) aims at producing a large quantity of extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container (4).
- the invention is not limited to this embodiment and may include a series of containers (4) fluidly connected in parallel or in series.
- the container (4) contains a liquid medium (5).
- the container (4) can in particular be a tank, a flange, for example made of glass or plastic, or any other container adapted to contain a liquid medium (5).
- the container can be flexible, or contain flexible parts.
- the volume of the container (4) is one of the factors making it possible to produce extracellular vesicles (EV) in large quantities: this volume can be between 50 mL and 500 L, preferably between 100 mL and 100 L, and preferably between 300 mL and 40 L.
- the volume of the container (4) illustrated diagrammatically in FIG. 1 is 1 L.
- the container (4) typically comprises one or more gas inlets and one or more gas outlets, through which an atmosphere can flow including air, O 2 , N 2 and CO 2 concentrations suitable for cell culture, for example comprising 5% CO 2 .
- This atmosphere can come from a suitable gas injector / mixer or from an oven with a CO 2 controlled atmosphere.
- a second pump (17) makes it possible to control this gas flow in the container (4).
- the container (4) also includes an outlet (9) capable of comprising liquid medium (5) and extracellular vesicles (EV). This outlet can be completed with a means of separation and / or filtration of the cells in suspension making it possible not to recover cells in suspension outside the container (4). This outlet (9) makes it possible to extract from the container (4) the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced.
- the container (4) can also include at least one inlet (8) adapted to introduce the liquid medium (5) into the container (4).
- the liquid medium (5) can generally be a saline solution, for example isotonic.
- the liquid medium (5) is a liquid culture medium with the addition of compounds allowing the culture of the cells of interest, or a medium supplemented with serum or platelet lysate previously purified from the extracellular vesicles or a medium without serum, making it possible not to not contaminate the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced by the fluid system (1) with proteins or other vesicles from a platelet serum or lysate.
- a liquid medium (5) of DMEM type without serum can be used.
- the maximum volume of liquid medium (5) is partly determined by the container (4).
- the fluid system (1) also includes suspended producer cells (6), the term suspended producer cells including both suspended cells (non-adherent cells) and suspended cells (adherent cells).
- Extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced by the fluidic system (1) from these producer cells in suspension (6).
- the producing cells in suspension (6) can be cultured, before the production of extracellular vesicles (EV) by the fluid system (1) in a suitable cell culture medium.
- the fluidic system (1) is adapted so as to generate gentle agitation making it possible to homogenize the producer cells (6) in the liquid medium (5) within the container (4), preferably before the production of the extracellular vesicles.
- any type of producer cells (6) can be used, preferably non-adherent suspension producer cells (6).
- the container (4) also includes an agitator (7) for agitating the liquid medium (5).
- the agitator (7) can be an impeller, the blades of which are at least partly immersed in the liquid medium (5), and set in motion by a transmission of magnetic or mechanical forces.
- the agitator (7) can also be a liquid medium infusion system (5) at a rate sufficient to agitate the liquid medium (5) contained by the container, or a system with rotating walls (for example arranged on rollers) .
- the agitator (7) can alternatively be of the bottle roller or bottle roller type, orbital agitator for Erlenmeyers, with or without baffles (shaken flask), rocking agitator (wave), biocontainer with pneumatic agitation (air-lift) or a rotary paddle agitator such as a marine propeller type agitator, Rushton turbine, stirring anchors, barrier agitator, helical ribbon propeller.
- a preferred rotary agitator is a turbine with vertical blades.
- static structures can be present in the container, for example baffles, or structures forming partial barriers to liquid movement, such as those used in a static mixer, can naturally also be used.
- the agitator (7) and the dimensions of the container (4) are adapted to control a turbulent flow of the liquid medium (5) in the container (4).
- the person skilled in the art by his general knowledge knows how to calculate the Kolmogorov length suitable for each type of agitator (7) according to the dimensions of the container (4), the geometry of the agitator (7) and the intensity of the agitation.
- turbulent flow is meant a flow whose Reynolds number is greater than 2000.
- the Reynolds number can for example be calculated by formula (IV).
- the Reynolds Re number of the flow of liquid medium (5) is greater than 7,000, preferably over 10,000 and preferably over 12,000.
- agitators (7) for controlling a turbulent flow according to the present invention are agitators well known to those skilled in the art and capable of being implanted in the system according to the present invention.
- the agitator (7) used in the exemplary embodiments of the invention comprises an impeller or a blade arranged in a container (4) and set in motion by a system for transmitting magnetic or mechanical forces.
- the speed of the impeller or the blade in the liquid medium (5) causes the liquid medium (5) to flow.
- the agitator is adapted to control a flow, which, taking into account the dimensions of the container (4), is turbulent.
- the agitator (7) is adapted to control a flow in which the length L k is less than or equal to 50 mm and preferably to 40 mm.
- the speed of rotation of the agitator (7) can be controlled at 500 rpm (rotations per minute) for example, the diameter of a paddle wheel or the blade is 10.8 cm and the volume of liquid medium contained by the container (4) is 400 mL.
- the number of NP power measured from the impeller or the blade in the liquid medium (5), by the formula (III), is substantially equal to 3.2.
- the energy dissipated per unit of mass e, calculated, by formula (11), is equal to 6.80.10 -1 J .kg -1 .
- the Kolmogorov length L k calculated by formula (I) is thus equal to 11.0 mm.
- the fluid system (1) for the production of extracellular vesicles (EV) aims at the production in large quantity of extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container (4).
- the invention is not limited to this embodiment and also makes it possible to load a large quantity of therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents into the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced according to the invention.
- the suspended cells (6) and the at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent are simultaneously suspended in the liquid medium (5) and mixed in the container (4).
- the cells in suspension (6) can be added to the liquid medium (5) before or after the addition of the therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents to the said liquid medium (5).
- any type of therapeutic or imaging agent can be used, preferably therapeutic agents molecules or particles to treat infectious, inflammatory, metabolic, degenerative, traumatic, post-surgical, genetic, malignant (tumors) diseases , orphans, of the vascular, lymphatic, locomotor, digestive, nervous, reproductive, excretory and / or agents (molecules or particles) of nuclear, magnetic, optical, acoustic imaging.
- the container (4) also comprises an agitator (7) as described above and making it possible to agitate the liquid medium (5) comprising the producing cells in suspension (6) and the at least one therapeutic or imaging agent.
- the fluidic system (1) is adapted so as to generate a gentle agitation making it possible to homogenize the producer cells (6) in the liquid medium (5) within the container (4) and this in order to effectively load the agents of interest in producer cells (6) and therefore in extracellular vesicles.
- the invention is a process for the ex vivo production of extracellular vesicles from producer cells, comprising: a control of an agitator (7) causing a turbulent flow of a liquid medium (5), the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 50 mm, preferably less than or equal to 40 mm in a container (4 ), the container comprising an outlet (9), the liquid medium (5) comprising producer cells (6) in suspension and the at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent, and
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent. More preferably, the step of loading said at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent is simultaneous with the step of producing extracellular vesicles. Of course, this step can also be prior to the step of producing extracellular vesicles. Alternatively, the loading step may be subsequent to the step of producing extracellular vesicles.
- This embodiment may be of interest in cases where it is desired to obtain a 1 st generation uncharged vesicles followed by a 2 nd production of extracellular vesicles loaded said at least one therapeutic agent and / or imaging, and this in the context of the establishment of a fluidic system with a collection of the liquid medium (5) continuously.
- the flow which allows the suspension producing cells (6) to produce extracellular vesicles also makes it possible to simultaneously load at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent into the suspension producing cells (6) and therefore producing said extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container (4) loaded with the at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent.
- the invention is a method of loading at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent inside or at the membrane of extracellular vesicles (EV) from producer cells (6), comprising the following: following steps :
- a liquid medium (5) comprising producer cells (6) and at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent, actuate a control of an agitator (7) causing a turbulent flow of a liquid medium (5), the Kolmogorov length of the flow being less than or equal to 50 mm, preferably less than or equal to 40 mm, said flow allowing simultaneously load the at least one therapeutic agent and produce the extracellular vesicles (EV) in a container (4), the container comprising an outlet (9),
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) at the outlet (9) of the container (4) comprise a mixture of extracellular vesicles loaded with at least one therapeutic and / or imaging agent and extracellular vesicles not loaded with at least one therapeutic agent. and / or imagery.
- the container (4) can be for single use or sterilized before any introduction of liquid medium (5), producer cells (6) and at least one therapeutic agent or imaging agent.
- the at least one therapeutic agent and / or imaging agent is incubated in the culture medium of the producer cells (6), comprising serum, in the container (4).
- the producing cells (6) before being introduced into the fluidic system 1, are suspended by any means or a combination of means known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of a medium comprising trypsin or any other enzyme allowing the suspension of adherent cells known to those skilled in the art. They can then be centrifuged at 300 G for five minutes to be concentrated in the pellet of a tube, so as to replace the medium comprising trypsin with a DMEM medium.
- the producer cells (6) are then introduced into the container (4), comprising culture medium and according to an alternative embodiment, the at least one therapeutic agent and / or imaging agent.
- the producer cells (6) and the therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents are then agitated so as to bring the therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents into contact with the producer cells (6), and favor the loading of the therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents in producer cells (6). Agitation can resume periodically, so as to promote the homogeneity of the producer cells (6) and of the therapeutic agents and / or imaging agents in the liquid medium (5).
- the homogenization of the elements present in the culture medium (5) is carried out with gentle agitation of the culture medium (for example the rotation of a paddle wheel at a speed of 20 rpm), as well as a regular replacement of the culture medium (for example a replacement of 5% to 40% of the culture medium every day, for example a replacement of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40% of the culture medium each day).
- gentle agitation of the culture medium for example the rotation of a paddle wheel at a speed of 20 rpm
- a regular replacement of the culture medium for example a replacement of 5% to 40% of the culture medium every day, for example a replacement of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40% of the culture medium each day.
- Example of production of extracellular vesicles (EV) without loading of therapeutic agent and / or imaging agent The extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced in a container (4) containing a liquid medium (5), for example without serum, producing cells (6) in suspension.
- the medium used before production for the culture of the producing cells (6) comprising serum, the container (4) is washed three to four times with liquid medium (5) DMEM without serum, each washing corresponding for example to a volume of '' about 400 mL.
- the stirring of the liquid medium (5) is then controlled by the stirrer (7) so as to cause a turbulent flow in the container (4).
- the stirring is preferably adjusted so as to control a flow of the liquid medium (5) in which the Kolmogorov length L k is less than or equal to 50 mm and preferably to 40 mm.
- the agitation of the liquid medium (5) is controlled at least for twenty minutes, preferably for more than an hour, and preferably for more than two hours, for example about three hours.
- the production of extracellular vesicles (EV) can be measured during production. To this end, the agitation can be continuous, intermittent, increasing or decreasing.
- the producer cells (6) are left to sediment at the bottom of the container (4), then a sample of liquid medium (5) comprising extracellular EV vesicles is taken. We realize centrifugation of the sample at 2000 G for 10 minutes, so as to remove cellular debris.
- the supernatant is analyzed by an individual particle tracking method (or NTA, acronym for Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis) so as to count the number of extracellular vesicles (EV) and to deduce the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) in the samples. . It can be checked that the concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) at the start of agitation is close to zero or negligible.
- NTA acronym for Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced can also be observed and / or counted by cryo-transmission electron microscopy.
- a drop of 2.7 mL of solution comprising extracellular vesicles (EV) is placed on a grid suitable for cryo-microscopy, then immersed in liquid ethane, causing said drop to be almost instantaneous, avoiding the formation of ice crystals.
- the grid supporting the extracellular vesicles (EV) is introduced into the microscope and the extracellular vesicles (EV) are observed at a temperature of the order of -170 ° C. Separation of extracellular vesicles
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced in the container (4) can be extracted from the container (4) by the outlet (9) of the container (4), suspended in liquid medium (5).
- a filter (18) can be arranged at the outlet (9) so as to filter the producing cells (6) in suspension and the cellular debris during the extraction of extracellular vesicles (EV) from the container (4).
- a connector (13) is fluidly connected to the outlet (9), allowing the transport of the liquid medium (5) comprising the extracellular vesicles (EV) produced.
- the fluid system (1) may include a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the separator (15) comprises an inlet to the separator (10), into which the liquid medium (5) comprising extracellular vesicles (EV) coming from the container (4) can be conveyed directly or indirectly.
- the separator (15) can also include a first outlet (11) from the separator, through which the liquid medium (5) is capable of leaving the separator (15) with a concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) smaller than at the inlet ( 10) of the separator (15), or even substantially zero.
- the separator (15) may also include a second outlet (12) from the separator (15), through which the liquid medium (5) is capable of leaving the separator (15) with a higher concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) than at the inlet (10) of the separator (15).
- a second outlet (12) from the separator (15) through which the liquid medium (5) is capable of leaving the separator (15) with a higher concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) than at the inlet (10) of the separator (15).
- the separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV) can be fluidly connected to the container (4) so as to be capable of reintroducing a liquid medium (5) depleted in vesicles (EV) in the container (4), for example through the inlet (8) of the container (4).
- the production and / or extraction of extracellular vesicles (EV) can (be) carried out continuously, with a substantially constant volume of liquid medium (5) in the container (4).
- the fluidic system does not include a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV) or the fluidic system comprises a separator (15) of extracellular vesicles (EV) which can be connected fluidically or not, for example by via a means for closing said separator (15), to the container (4).
- the production and / or extraction of extracellular vesicles (EV) can (be) carried out discontinuously or continuously depending on the opening or closing of the closure means disposed upstream of the separator (15 ).
- the container containing the producer cells is agitated and the production time is preferably chosen for a time (Tv) greater than 20 minutes.
- Tv time
- the liquid can then be extracted from the container, and can be subjected to one or more subsequent purification steps, in particular to separate the vesicles from the producing cells.
- This separation can be carried out by means of techniques known to those skilled in the art, for example and taken without limitation, by acoustic techniques, filtration methods such as separation by tangential filtration, the use of rotary filters. or any combination of separation means.
- the separation system is internal to the container, the vesicles are progressively separated in a sub-compartment of the container.
- Various technical means are known to those skilled in the art for achieving this type of separation, for example and in a non- limiting, the use of rotary filters, or of acoustic means, or any combination of separation means.
- the separation system between cells and vesicles can involve a fluid circuit designed to circulate the medium with the producer cells and vesicles between the container on the one hand and a separation system external to the container d 'somewhere else.
- This separation system external to the container can involve techniques known to those skilled in the art, for example, and without limitation, tangential filtration, or acoustic separation, or any combination of means. separation known.
- the liquid depleted in vesicles is reinjected into the container, so that the production of vesicles by the producer cells can continue in the container.
- the liquid medium (5) can be extracted from the container (4) by a first pump (16), via a connector (13), of so as to transport the liquid medium (5) in a collector (19).
- Another first pump (16 ') allows the liquid medium (5) contained in the collector (19) to be conveyed to the inlet (10) of the separator (15), via another connector.
- the first outlet (11) of the separator (15) is connected to the container (4) via a connector, so as to reintroduce liquid medium (5) depleted in extracellular vesicles (EV) in the container (4).
- the second outlet (12) of the separator (15) is connected to the collector (19) via a connector, so as to enrich the liquid medium (5) contained in the collector (19) with extracellular vesicles (EV).
- the inlet (10) of the separator (15) can be directly connected to the outlet (9) of the container (4) (or via a first pump (16)).
- the first outlet (11) of the separator (15) is connected to the container (4) and the second outlet (12) of the separator (15) is connected to the collector (19).
- separators can also be arranged in series to vary the degree of separation into extracellular vesicles (EV) in the liquid medium (5), and / or in parallel to adapt the flow of liquid medium (5) in each separator (15) at the flow of a first pump (16). Influence of agitation on the production of extracellular vesicles (EV)
- THP-1 cells derived from a human line of monocytes, are cultured in RPMI culture medium (Roswell Park Memorial Institute medium) at a concentration of 2.10 5 to 1.10 6 cells per milliliter of culture medium, at 37 °. C and under an atmosphere comprising 5% CO 2 .
- the RPMI culture medium contains 10% by volume of fetal bovine serum and 1% by volume of penicillin / streptomycin, the volumes being expressed relative to the total volume of the RPMI culture medium. They are passed every 3 to 5 days by diluting them by a factor of 5 in new medium.
- the cells of Raji are cultured in RPMI culture medium containing 10% by volume of fetal bovine serum and 1% by volume of penicillin / streptomycin, the volumes being expressed relative to the total volume of RPMI culture medium. They are passed every 3 to 4 days by diluting them by a factor of 10 to 20 in new medium.
- C3H / 10T1 / 2 cells are multipotent mesenchymal cells from embryonic CH3 mouse cells, which are adherent. They are cultured in DMEM with 10% by volume of fetal bovine serum and 1% by volume of penicillin / streptomycin, the volumes being expressed relative to the total volume of the DMEM culture medium. They are passed every 3 to 5 days by diluting them by a factor between 2 and 10.
- HeLa cells are a line of cells from cancer of the cervix. They are cultured in DMEM with 10% by volume of fetal bovine serum and 1% by volume of penicillin / streptomycin, the volumes being expressed relative to the volume total of DMEM culture medium. Initially adherent, these HeLa cells are detached with trypsin and then suspended in a bioreactor stirred at 50 RPM, and cultured at a concentration of between 10 5 / ml and 10 6 / ml.
- FIG. 2 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by THF 1 cells in a fluidic system (1) for different agitations controlled by the agitator (7). The ordinate corresponds to the numbers of extracellular vesicles (EV) produced per cell in the container (4).
- Each column corresponds to a production of extracellular vesicles (EV) for different speeds of rotation of the agitator (7) in the container (4).
- the extracellular vesicles (EV) are produced from producer cells (6) of the THP1 type in the container (4) using a concentration of 100,000,000 cells in suspension (6) in 400 ml of liquid medium (5) in a stirring flask (spiruier flask in English) of 1000 ml.
- FIG. 3 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by producer cells (6) of the THP-1 type for different agitations controlled by the agitator (7) in a fluidic system (1) including the container (4) and the quantity of liquid medium (5) are different from those used in the context of the experiment of FIG. 2, and over a longer stirring time, namely 3 hours instead of 20 minutes.
- a 0.1 L shaking flask comprising 50 mL of liquid medium (5), 3553 extracellular vesicles are produced per producing cell in three hours with stirring at 250 RPM carried out by a blade 3.8 cm in diameter, the Kolmogorav L k length being 41 mm.
- a 0.1 L stirred flask comprising 50 mL of liquid medium (5), approximately 17,400 extracellular vesicles are produced per producer cell in three hours with 300 RPM stirring carried out by a 3.8 cm diameter blade. , the length of Kolmogorov L k being equal to 35 mm.
- a 0.1 L stirred flask comprising 50 mL of liquid medium (5), between 30,000 and 40,000 extracellular vesicles are produced per producer cell in three hours with stirring at 500 RPM carried out by a 3.8 cm blade in diameter, the Kolmogorov length L k being equal to
- FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate that, whatever the type of container (4), when the Kolmogorov length obtained by stirring the liquid medium (5) is between 5 and 50 mm, preferably between 10 mm and 41 mm, for example 11.4 mm, 13.8 mm, 17 mm, 23 mm, 24 mm, 35 mm and 41 mm, extracellular vesicles are produced by the producer cells in suspension in the liquid medium (5).
- the more the Kolmogorov length decreases the more the number of extracellular vesicles produced per producer cell increases.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles (EV) produced in a fluid system (1) for different lengths of Kolmogorov controlled by the agitator (7).
- Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are produced from cells that produce (6) type THP1 in the container (4) using a concentration of 100,000,000 cells in suspension (6) in 400 ml of liquid medium (5) in a 1000 ml flash spinner.
- the abscissa corresponds to the length L k entrained by the agitator (7) during the production of extracellular vesicles (EV), calculated by the formulas (I), (II) and (III).
- FIG. 5 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced per cell as a function of time, by human producing cells (6) of the THP-1 type in a fluid system by controlling the flow of the liquid medium (5) at 200 RPM stirrings and 300 RPM.
- the conditions used are 100,000,000 cells in 400 mL in a 1000 mL spinner flask, with a blade of diameter 10.8 cm.
- the lengths Lk calculated by the formulas (I), (II) and (III) are respectively 23 mm (for 300 RPM) and 17 mm (for 400 RPM).
- the number of extracellular vesicles (EV) produced is much higher for a flow characterized by a length Lk of 17 mm than by a length Lk of 23 mm.
- Figure 6 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by C3H / 10T1 / 2 producer cells (mesenchymal stem cells from mice) in a fluid system for different Kolmogorov lengths controlled by the agitator (7).
- the abscissa corresponds to the length L k entrained by the agitator (7) during the production of extracellular vesicles EV, calculated by the formulas (I), (II) and (III).
- the production of vesicles per cell increases significantly by controlling a flow of liquid medium (5) in which the length L k is 17 mm compared to the production of extracellular vesicles (EV) under lower stirring conditions.
- the production efficiency of extracellular vesicles (EV) per producer cell is higher when the length L k is less than or equal to 50 mm with respect to longer lengths L k , in particular greater than 100 mm from which a plateau in EV / cell efficiency is reached.
- FIG. 7 illustrates firstly the number of vesicles produced in three hours by producer cells (6) of the Raji type on the one hand according to the method of the prior art 2D 72h deficiency and on the other hand in a fluidic system (1 ) whose container (4) is a stirred flask with a capacity of 100 mL, the liquid medium (5) is 50 mL, the diameter of the blade is 3.8 cm, the stirring is 500 RPM and the length of Kolmogorov L k is 24 mm.
- this figure illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced in three hours by producer cells (6) of the HeLa type on the one hand according to the method of the prior art 3D 72h deficiency and on the other hand in a fluidic system ( 1) whose container (4) is a flask with stirring with a capacity of 100 ml, the liquid medium (5) is 50 ml, the diameter of the blade is 3.8 cm, the stirring is 250 RPM and the length of Kolmogorov L k is 41 mm.
- This figure illustrates that production of extracellular vesicles in a fluid system according to the present invention and according to the method according to the present invention allows production of extracellular vesicles in much greater quantity and in less time than the prior art.
- this figure illustrates that any type of producer cell can be used to produce extracellular vesicles in a fluid system according to the present invention and according to the method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8a illustrates the number of viable Raji type producing cells in suspension over time, ie after 72 hours in conventional flasks in the liquid medium (5) without stirring (conditions called 2D deficiency or 2D deficiency 72 h in the present application ), or after 3 hours in the presence of turbulent agitation in a fluid system according to the invention.
- the fluidic system according to the invention which is used in this figure is a flask with stirring of 100 ml comprising a liquid medium (5) of 50 ml, a diameter of the blade of 3.8 cm, a stirring of 500 RPM and a Kolmogorov L k length of 24 mm.
- a control test is carried out and corresponds to a flask with stirring of 100 ml comprising a liquid medium (5) of 50 ml, a diameter of the blade of 3.8 cm, a stirring of 34 RPM and a length of Kolmogorov L k of 181 mm.
- FIG. 8b illustrates the percentage of adenylate kinase in the supernatant between the control test, the 2D 72h deficiency test and the test according to the invention.
- FIG. 9 illustrates the appearance of the Raji type producing cells between after 3 hours in the control test and after 3 hours in the fluid system according to the invention (the control tests and according to the invention are the same as those in figure 8), by observation under an optical microscope at a magnification x4.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by human THP-1 cells in conventional flasks in the liquid medium (5) without stirring for 72 h (called 2D deficiency 72 h), and in a fluid system by controlling a flow of the medium liquid (5) in which the length L k is greater than 200 mm (called 3D deficiency).
- 2D deficiency 72 h the standard conditions for the production of EV extracellular vesicles.
- the production of extracellular vesicles (EV) by cells in these different conditions is significantly lower than the production in a flow where the length Lk is less than 17 mm.
- FIG. 11 illustrates the size distribution of the extracellular vesicles, produced from THP-1, HeLa or Raji producer cells, in conditions of deficiency or turbulence by agitation at a speed of 500 RPM.
- the supernatants of the various tests are removed homogeneously and centrifuged for 5 min at 2000 g, then the concentration of vesicles and the distribution in particle size are measured by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (on the NanoSight NS300 device marketed by Malvem Panalytical).
- Figures 12 and 13 correspond to the results of analysis of the size distribution of extracellular vesicles and membrane markers of extracellular vesicles. These analyzes are carried out using the ExoView TM R100 device marketed by the company NanoView Bioscience. The extracellular vesicles are incubated on a chip containing spots marked with different antibodies (anti-CD81, anti-CD9, anti-CD63); after washing, secondary anti-CD81 Alexa Fluor® 555, anti-CD9 Alexa Fluor® 647 and anti-CD63 Alexa Fluor® 488 antibodies are added. The collection of fluorescence and interferometry images makes it possible to obtain measurements of the sizes and concentrations of the extracellular vesicles in the liquid medium.
- FIG. 12 illustrates the size distribution of extracellular vesicles produced according to the invention during 3 hours (turbulence) or according to the 3D deficiency method for 72 hours, in both cases from producer cells of the THP1 type.
- the extracellular vesicles produced according to the invention are produced from producer cells of the THP1 type in a flask with stirring of 100 ml, a liquid medium (5) of 50 ml, a stirring speed of 500 RPM, a length of Kolmogorov Lk 24 mm and a blade diameter of 3.8 cm.
- the extracellular vesicles produced according to the 72 h 3D deficiency method are produced from producer cells of the THP1 type in a 100 ml shaking flask, a 50 ml liquid medium, a stirring speed of 34 RPM, a length of Kolmogorov Lk of 181 mm and a diameter of the blade of 3.8 cm.
- the results give values of average diameters of the extracellular vesicles smaller than those given in Figure 11, because the analysis method is not the same (measurement by NTA in Figure 11, which does not allow the detection of extracellular vesicles small, countermeasured by ExoView TM RI 00 in figure 12).
- the results obtained in FIG. 12 by the ExoView TM RI 00 relate to the analysis of vesicles which attach to anti-CD9, CD63 and CD81 capture antibodies.
- the two types of extracellular vesicles are analyzed with ExoView TM RI 00 as follows: the vesicles are captured by antibodies (anti-CD9, anti-CD63, anti-CD81) on a chip, where the spots of each antibody are separated. Then, the vesicles captured are incubated with a secondary antibody (anti-CD9, anti-CD63, anti-CD81 also) associated with a fluorophore, which makes it possible to co-locate these markers. On the graph, the capture antibodies are represented on the abscissa axis while the three different columns by abscissa point represent the fluorescent secondary antibodies. Thus, for the capture antibody CD81, all the captured vesicles should be labeled with the fluorophore Alexa Fluor® 555, unless there is no longer an epitope available.
- Figure 14 illustrates the number of extracellular vesicles produced by red blood cells after 2 hours of agitation for different lengths of Kolmogorov.
- the count of the extracellular vesicles, after 2 hours of stirring (conditions according to the invention: BR 500mL and BR 1 L) or 2 hours of maintenance without stirring (control condition), is carried out by homogeneous removal of the supernatants (before experiment and after experiment) then centrifugation of these supernatants for 5 minutes at 2000 G, then measurement of the concentration of vesicles by Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NanoSight NS300, Malvem Panalytical). The details of the operating conditions and the results are presented below.
- red blood cells 1.5.10 11 red blood cells are introduced into 150 ml of white DMEM in a stirred flask with a capacity of 500 ml and having a blade with a diameter of 7.6 cm. Stirring is carried out at 350 RPM for 2 hours, the length of Kolmogorov L k being 18.6 mm.
- a control is carried out in a screw cap tube, using 5.1 ⁇ 10 10 red blood cells in 50 ml of white DMEM, this control tube being kept fixed and not being agitated.
- results illustrate that agitation of red blood cells at a Kolmogorov length of less than 50 mm such as 18.6 mm results in the production of extracellular vesicles by these cells red in a yield of 10.4 extracellular vesicles per red blood cell.
- red blood cells are introduced into 300 ml of white DMEM. Stirring is carried out at 500 RPM for 2 hours, the length of Kolmogorov L k being 10.9 mm.
- a control is carried out in a screw cap tube, using 1.15 ⁇ 10 10 red blood cells in 50 ml of white DMEM, this control tube being kept fixed and not being agitated.
- results illustrate that agitation of red blood cells at a Kolmogorov length of less than 50 mm such as 10.9 mm results in the production of extracellular vesicles by these red blood cells according to a yield of approximately 100 extracellular vesicles per red blood cell.
- FIG. 15 illustrates the loading of extracellular vesicles with doxorubicin in the presence of turbulent agitation.
- THP-1 cells are washed and then re-suspended in RPMI in which 1% by volume of penicillin / streptomycin and 10 mM of doxorubicin (Merck) have been added.
- THP-1 cells are introduced into a stirring flask whose liquid medium is 50 mL, the concentration of THP-1 cells in the shaking flask being 8.5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / mL of liquid medium.
- the THP-1 cells are agitated for 2 hours, ie at 400 RPM, the Kolmogorov length being 28 mm (condition for internalization of doxorubicin).
- the samples (comprising the THP-1 cells and the extracellular vesicles produced) are then centrifuged for 5 minutes at 2000G.
- the supernatant is ultracentrifuged for 1 h 30 min at 150,000 G, then the vesicle pellets are resuspended in PBS (phosphate bujfered satine, phosphate buffered saline), and lysed with 0.3% of Triton® X-100. Fluorescence is measured with a Hitachi F7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer (excitation wavelength: 485nm, emission wavelength: 560nm).
- a ratio called purity has been determined; this is the ratio of the concentration of extracellular vesicles measured by NTA by the protein concentration (in mg / mL).
- the NTA measurement of the concentration of extracellular vesicles is carried out using the following protocol:
- liquid medium of the 2D deficiency conditions 72 h liquid medium of 3D 72 h deficiency, liquid medium after 3 hours of stirring at 250 RPM, liquid medium after 3 hours of stirring at 500 RPM; then - centrifugation for 5 minutes at 2000 G; then
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1874295A FR3091295B1 (fr) | 2018-12-28 | 2018-12-28 | Systeme fluidique de production de vesicules extracellulaires et procede associe |
PCT/FR2019/053309 WO2020136362A1 (fr) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-27 | Système fluidique de production de vésicules extracellulaires et procédé associé |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3902904A1 true EP3902904A1 (fr) | 2021-11-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
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EP19850769.1A Pending EP3902904A1 (fr) | 2018-12-28 | 2019-12-27 | Système fluidique de production de vésicules extracellulaires et procédé associé |
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US (1) | US20220119748A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3902904A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022515269A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20210134611A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113748198B (fr) |
CA (1) | CA3124605A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3091295B1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2021007776A (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2020136362A1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112458055B (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2023-12-29 | 重庆大学 | 一种基于切应力刺激作用下制备细胞微囊泡的方法 |
US20240084300A1 (en) | 2020-12-21 | 2024-03-14 | Inserm (Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale) | Mirna composition comprising 11 specific mirnas and its use in the treatment of cancer |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2870348B1 (fr) * | 2004-05-14 | 2010-08-27 | Univ Angers | Methode pour diagnostiquer la presence et/ou la severite d'une pathologie hepathique chez un sujet |
US7771988B2 (en) * | 2005-03-24 | 2010-08-10 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Control device for fermenter |
JP2006296423A (ja) * | 2005-03-24 | 2006-11-02 | Hitachi Ltd | 培養槽の制御装置及び培養装置 |
US9567559B2 (en) * | 2012-03-15 | 2017-02-14 | Flodesign Sonics, Inc. | Bioreactor using acoustic standing waves |
JP5913084B2 (ja) * | 2012-12-26 | 2016-04-27 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 培養制御方法、細胞培養装置及び細胞特性評価装置 |
EP3310365B1 (fr) * | 2015-06-16 | 2023-08-23 | Fondazione Città Della Speranza - Onlus | Vésicules extracellulaires issues de cellules de lignée ostéoblastique, à usage thérapeutique et diagnostique |
CN108883138A (zh) * | 2015-12-30 | 2018-11-23 | 加利福利亚大学董事会 | 增强细胞衍生的囊泡的生产和分离的方法 |
WO2017193075A1 (fr) * | 2016-05-05 | 2017-11-09 | Terumo Bct, Inc. | Production et collecte automatisés |
US11717480B2 (en) * | 2016-11-30 | 2023-08-08 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Extracellular vesicles and methods and uses thereof |
FR3068361B1 (fr) * | 2017-06-30 | 2021-10-15 | Univ Paris Diderot Paris 7 | Systeme fluidique de production de vesicules extracellulaires et procede associe |
-
2018
- 2018-12-28 FR FR1874295A patent/FR3091295B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-12-27 CA CA3124605A patent/CA3124605A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-12-27 JP JP2021537118A patent/JP2022515269A/ja active Pending
- 2019-12-27 CN CN201980093099.5A patent/CN113748198B/zh active Active
- 2019-12-27 EP EP19850769.1A patent/EP3902904A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-12-27 KR KR1020217023047A patent/KR20210134611A/ko unknown
- 2019-12-27 US US17/418,970 patent/US20220119748A1/en active Pending
- 2019-12-27 WO PCT/FR2019/053309 patent/WO2020136362A1/fr unknown
- 2019-12-27 MX MX2021007776A patent/MX2021007776A/es unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN113748198A (zh) | 2021-12-03 |
US20220119748A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 |
FR3091295B1 (fr) | 2023-05-26 |
CA3124605A1 (fr) | 2020-07-02 |
KR20210134611A (ko) | 2021-11-10 |
FR3091295A1 (fr) | 2020-07-03 |
CN113748198B (zh) | 2024-04-12 |
JP2022515269A (ja) | 2022-02-17 |
WO2020136362A1 (fr) | 2020-07-02 |
MX2021007776A (es) | 2021-10-13 |
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