EP3898116B1 - Machine-outil portative de burinage - Google Patents

Machine-outil portative de burinage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3898116B1
EP3898116B1 EP19828542.1A EP19828542A EP3898116B1 EP 3898116 B1 EP3898116 B1 EP 3898116B1 EP 19828542 A EP19828542 A EP 19828542A EP 3898116 B1 EP3898116 B1 EP 3898116B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electric motor
tool
power tool
striker
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19828542.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3898116A1 (fr
Inventor
Christian Schallert
Jürgen Pritz
Marcel Wondra
Carl Hoffmann
Walter Vallaster
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hilti AG
Original Assignee
Hilti AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Hilti AG filed Critical Hilti AG
Publication of EP3898116A1 publication Critical patent/EP3898116A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3898116B1 publication Critical patent/EP3898116B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/12—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism
    • B25D11/125—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a crank mechanism with a fluid cushion between the crank drive and the striking body
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D11/00—Portable percussive tools with electromotor or other motor drive
    • B25D11/06—Means for driving the impulse member
    • B25D11/062—Means for driving the impulse member comprising a wobbling mechanism, swash plate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/091—Electrically-powered tool components
    • B25D2250/095—Electric motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25D—PERCUSSIVE TOOLS
    • B25D2250/00—General details of portable percussive tools; Components used in portable percussive tools
    • B25D2250/391—Use of weights; Weight properties of the tool

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a chiseling hand-held power tool, e.g. a hammer drill or an electric chisel.
  • a chiseling hand-held power tool e.g. a hammer drill or an electric chisel.
  • WO 2008/071489 A1 describes a chiselling hand-held machine tool according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the hand-held machine tool has a pneumatic percussion mechanism which is driven by an electric motor.
  • a reduction gear adapts the speed of the electric motor to the number of strokes of the percussion mechanism.
  • the reduction gear has a first stage and a second stage. The second stage is designed as part of an eccentric gear in order to be able to integrate it into the hand-held power tool given spatial restrictions.
  • GB 1 210 006 describes a chiseling hand-held machine tool whose gearbox is exposed to high loads. The load results from the retroactive forces of the impact mechanism and also when a drill is blocked. The teeth of the gear stages can break. The gearbox is designed to be correspondingly robust.
  • a chiseling hand-held machine tool has the features of claim 1, it has a tool holder for holding a tool on a working axis, an electric motor and a striking mechanism.
  • the impact mechanism has an exciter piston coupled to the motor, a beater guided on the working axis and a pneumatic chamber closed off by the exciter piston and the beater for coupling a movement of the beater to the exciter piston.
  • the speed of the electric motor corresponds to at least 20 times the number of strokes of the percussion mechanism.
  • the speed of the electric motor is greater than 80,000 revolutions per minute.
  • the ratio of the mass of the electric motor (8) to the nominal power of the electric motor is less than 0.2 g / W.
  • Fig. 1 shows a hammer drill schematically as an example of a chiseling hand-held power tool 1.
  • the hammer drill has a tool holder 2 in which a tool 3 can be inserted and locked.
  • the tools 3 can be, for example, drills for the turning machining of mineral building materials, such as concrete or rock, or chisels for the purely chiseling machining of the same building materials.
  • the hammer drill 1 contains a pneumatic impact mechanism 4, which periodically exerts blows on the tool 3 in the impact direction 5 during operation.
  • the hand-held power tool 1 can have an output shaft 6 , which rotates the tool holder 2 and thus the tool 3 about a working axis 7 during operation.
  • the percussion mechanism 4 and the output shaft 6 are driven by an electric motor 8 .
  • the output shaft 6 can be switched off in chiseling hand-held power tools 1 ; purely chiseling hand-held machine tools 1 have no output shaft.
  • the hand-held power tool 1 has a handle 9, by means of which the user can hold and guide the hand-held power tool 1 during operation.
  • the handle 9 is attached to a machine housing 10 .
  • the handle 9 is preferably arranged at an end of the hand-held power tool 1 or the machine housing 10 that is remote from the tool holder 2 .
  • the handle 9 can be partially decoupled from the machine housing 10 by damping elements in order to dampen vibrations of the impact mechanism 4 .
  • the user can put the hand-held power tool 1 into operation using a button 11 .
  • Pressing the button 11 activates the motor 8.
  • the button 11 is preferably arranged on the handle 9 , whereby it can be operated by the hand gripping the handle 9 .
  • the striking mechanism 4 has an excitation piston 12, a beater 13 and a striker 14.
  • the excitation piston 12, the striker 13 and the striker 14 are arranged lying one after the other on the working axis 7 in the striking direction 5 .
  • the exciter piston 12 is coupled to the motor 8 via a gear train 15 .
  • the gear train converts the rotary movement of the motor 8 into a periodic back and forth movement of the exciter piston 12 on the working axis 7 .
  • An exemplary gear train contains an eccentric wheel 16 and a connecting rod 17.
  • the gear train 15 can contain, among other things, a reducing gear that adapts the speed of the electric motor 8 to the speed of the eccentric wheel 16 .
  • the speed of the eccentric wheel 16 corresponds to the nominal number of strokes of the percussion mechanism 4.
  • other mechanisms can convert the rotational movement of the electric motor 8 into the translational movement of the exciter piston 12 , for example a wobble drive.
  • the beater 13 is coupled to the movement of the exciter piston 12 through a pneumatic chamber 18, also referred to as an air spring.
  • the pneumatic chamber 18 is closed along the working axis 7 on the drive side by the exciter piston 12 and on the tool side by the striker 13 .
  • the racket 13 is designed as a piston.
  • the pneumatic chamber 18 is closed in the radial direction by a guide tube 19 .
  • the exciter piston 12 and the beater 13 slide in an airtight manner on the inner surface of the guide tube 19.
  • the exciter piston can be cup-shaped.
  • the beater slides within the exciter piston.
  • the racket can be cup-shaped, with the exciter piston sliding within the racket.
  • the tool-side reversal point is predetermined by the striker 14 , on which the striker 13 hits at the tool-side reversal point.
  • the striker 14 transmits the impact to the tool 3 arranged in the tool holder 2 .
  • a number of strokes is largely fixed for the hand-held power tool 1 with the pneumatic impact mechanism 4 .
  • the number of strokes corresponds to the rotation time of the exciter piston 12.
  • the rotation time is adapted to the flight time of the bat 13 in order to ensure efficient energy transfer.
  • the percussion mechanism 4 shows a behavior that is typically known from resonantly excited systems. Optimum energy transfer is achieved at the nominal number of strokes of the hand-held power tool 1 . Deviations of more than 10% typically lead to an intolerable reduction in efficiency.
  • Typical beat rates range from 10 beats per second to 100 beats per second.
  • Chisel hammers with a high impact energy above 20 J (Joules) typically have a low impact rate, in the range between 10 and 40 impacts per second.
  • Chisel hammers and combination hammers with medium and low impact energies in the range between 0.5 J and 20 J have typical impact rates in the range between 40 and 100 blows per second.
  • the pneumatic percussion mechanism 4 has a very discontinuous behavior in terms of power output.
  • the racket 13 releases the kinetic energy obtained during one revolution in the form of a blow in a very short time. This leads to a discontinuous power consumption of the pneumatic impact mechanism 4 from the electric motor 8.
  • the striker 13 is accelerated in the impact direction 5 by the exciter piston 12 in less than one eighth of the revolution. Otherwise, the racket 13 moves almost without force. This leads to significant load changes for the driving electric motor 8.
  • Common handheld power tools therefore use electric motors with a large moment of inertia of the rotor 20.
  • the moment of inertia acts as a kind of buffer during the acceleration phase of the beater 13.
  • the embodiment of the hand-held power tool 1 takes a different approach.
  • the electric motor 8 is designed to be able to react immediately to the dynamic load changes of the percussion mechanism 4 .
  • the electric motor 8 has a high speed compared to the number of strokes of the pneumatic percussion mechanism 4 .
  • the speed is at least 20 times, preferably at least 30 times, the number of strokes.
  • the rotor of the electric motor 8 rotates at least 20 times per stroke and thus per revolution of the racket 13.
  • the electric motor 8 rotates at least two to three times during the short acceleration phase of the racket 13 .
  • the energy output per revolution of the rotor 20 is less than 1 joule.
  • the gear train 15 has a reduction ratio of at least 20 to 1, preferably at least 20 to 1, preferably at least 30 to 1.
  • An upper limit for the reduction ratio is assumed to be 80 to 1.
  • the high reduction requires several stages connected in series. First, each gear stage increases the moment of inertia, which reduces dynamics. In addition, losses arise from friction, among other things. Typical losses are between 90% and 95% at low speeds of 2,000 rpm. The losses increase as the speed increases. And the several stages require volume, which runs counter to the tendency to build the hand-held power tools 1 compactly.
  • a planetary gear stage 150 can be coupled directly to the electric motor as the first stage.
  • the electric motor 8 has a high nominal speed.
  • the nominal speed is greater than 80,000 revolutions per minute.
  • the striking mechanism 4 beats with the nominal number of strokes, ie the striking mechanism 4 works with optimal efficiency.
  • the speed of the electric motor 8 is preferably less than 200,000 revolutions per minute. Electric motors with higher speeds are likely to require a delicate design of the rotor 20 , which cannot permanently withstand the load changes and associated torque changes.
  • the electric motor 8 has a power output of at least 250 W (watts) at the nominal speed. For larger combination hammers or chisel hammers, an electric motor 8 with a power output of at least 500 W and up to 3,000 W is necessary.
  • the electric motor 8 is preferably a brushless electric motor 8.
  • the brushless electric motor 8 has a stator 21 and a rotor 20.
  • the stator 21 generates a rotating magnetic field, which specifies the speed of the rotor 20 .
  • the rotor 20 may contain permanent magnets that interact with the rotating magnetic field, as in a so-called BLCD motor.
  • the electric motor 8 preferably has a rotor 20 with a low moment of inertia so that the electric motor 8 can react dynamically to the load changes.
  • a moment of inertia of the rotor 20 is preferably less than 250 g cm2 (grams times square centimeters).
  • the electric motor 8 enables high acceleration; a mass of the electric motor 8 relative to its nominal power is less than 0.2 g/W (grams per watt).
  • a lower limit is 0.03 g/W.
  • the rotor 20 preferably has an elongated structure. A length of the rotor 20 is significantly larger than the diameter of the rotor 20, preferably at least three times as long.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Machine-outil de burinage à main (1) comprenant
    un porte-outil (2) destiné à maintenir un outil (3) sur un axe de travail (7),
    un moteur électrique (8),
    un mécanisme de percussion (4) qui comporte un piston excitateur (12) accouplé au moteur (8), un percuteur (13) guidé sur l'axe de travail (7), une chambre pneumatique (18) fermée par le piston excitateur (12) et le percuteur (13) et destinée à coupler un mouvement du percuteur (13) à celui du piston excitateur (12),
    caractérisée en ce que
    la vitesse de rotation du moteur électrique (8) correspond à au moins 20 fois le nombre de percussion du mécanisme de percussion (4),
    la vitesse de rotation du moteur électrique (8) est supérieure à 80 000 tours par minute et
    le rapport de la masse du moteur électrique (8) à la puissance nominale du moteur électrique (8) est inférieur à 0,2 g/W.
  2. Machine-outil à main (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le mécanisme de percussion (4) est alimenté par pas plus de 1 joule par tour du moteur électrique (8).
  3. Machine-outil à main (1) selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le moment d'inertie du rotor (20) du moteur électrique (8) est inférieur à 250 g cm2.
  4. Machine-outil à main selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée par une transmission (15), qui est disposée dans le trajet de force entre le moteur (8) et le mécanisme de percussion (4), la transmission (15) contenant au moins un étage d'engrenages planétaires (150).
  5. Machine-outil à main selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'étage d'engrenages planétaires (150) est disposé directement sur un rotor (20) du moteur électrique (8).
EP19828542.1A 2018-12-20 2019-12-20 Machine-outil portative de burinage Active EP3898116B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18214666.2A EP3670095A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Machine-outil portative
PCT/EP2019/025465 WO2020126089A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-12-20 Machine-outil portative

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3898116A1 EP3898116A1 (fr) 2021-10-27
EP3898116B1 true EP3898116B1 (fr) 2023-11-22

Family

ID=64755181

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18214666.2A Withdrawn EP3670095A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Machine-outil portative
EP19828542.1A Active EP3898116B1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2019-12-20 Machine-outil portative de burinage

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18214666.2A Withdrawn EP3670095A1 (fr) 2018-12-20 2018-12-20 Machine-outil portative

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11364611B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP3670095A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113165151B (fr)
WO (1) WO2020126089A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11318596B2 (en) 2019-10-21 2022-05-03 Makita Corporation Power tool having hammer mechanism
JP2021160046A (ja) * 2020-03-31 2021-10-11 株式会社マキタ 打撃工具
US20220247270A1 (en) 2021-02-02 2022-08-04 Black & Decker Inc. High-power motor for a body-grip power tool

Family Cites Families (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB819055A (en) * 1956-07-13 1959-08-26 Peugeot & Cie Improvements in percussion tools
GB1210006A (en) * 1967-07-24 1970-10-28 Hilti Ag Motor-powered hammer drill
US3587754A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-06-28 L F Garot Power driven hammers
CH532454A (fr) * 1971-03-16 1973-01-15 Etem Ets De Tech Mod Outil pneumatique à percussion et rotation
US4095654A (en) * 1976-11-15 1978-06-20 Ross Frederick W Impact device with multiple connecting rods and gearing
DE4020776A1 (de) * 1990-06-29 1992-01-09 Pi Patente Gmbh Vorrichtung zum antrieb eines werkzeuges fuer eine axiale hin- und herbewegung des werkzeuges
DE10259566A1 (de) * 2002-12-19 2004-07-01 Hilti Ag Schlagende Elektrohandwerkzeugmaschine
US7273159B2 (en) * 2004-11-08 2007-09-25 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless power tool system with improved power output
US7497275B2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2009-03-03 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless power tool system with improved power output
DE102006059076A1 (de) * 2006-12-14 2008-06-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schlagwerk einer Elektrohandwerkzeugmaschine
JP5376216B2 (ja) * 2009-01-30 2013-12-25 日立工機株式会社 往復動工具
DE102009008190A1 (de) * 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Hilti Aktiengesellschaft Pneumatisches Schlagwerk
JP5234287B2 (ja) * 2009-04-07 2013-07-10 マックス株式会社 電動工具およびそのモータ制御方法
WO2010149827A1 (fr) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-29 Sandvik Mining And Construction Oy Procédé de commande de forage de roche
DE102010062094A1 (de) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hammerschlagwerk
DE102012208870A1 (de) * 2012-05-25 2013-11-28 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schlagwerkeinheit
JP6380924B2 (ja) * 2014-01-06 2018-08-29 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 インパクト回転工具の慣性モーメントの測定方法とその測定方法を用いたインパクト回転工具
EP3023200A1 (fr) * 2014-11-20 2016-05-25 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Procédé de commande d'une perceuse
EP3034242A1 (fr) * 2014-12-18 2016-06-22 HILTI Aktiengesellschaft Machine-outil manuelle
JP2017202560A (ja) * 2016-05-13 2017-11-16 株式会社マキタ 打撃工具

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11364611B2 (en) 2022-06-21
US20210402583A1 (en) 2021-12-30
EP3898116A1 (fr) 2021-10-27
WO2020126089A1 (fr) 2020-06-25
EP3670095A1 (fr) 2020-06-24
CN113165151A (zh) 2021-07-23
CN113165151B (zh) 2024-04-23

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