EP3888112B1 - Elektrischer schliesser - Google Patents

Elektrischer schliesser Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3888112B1
EP3888112B1 EP19828753.4A EP19828753A EP3888112B1 EP 3888112 B1 EP3888112 B1 EP 3888112B1 EP 19828753 A EP19828753 A EP 19828753A EP 3888112 B1 EP3888112 B1 EP 3888112B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connecting element
contact elements
electrically conductive
conductive material
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19828753.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3888112A1 (de
Inventor
Fabian Stellberg
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Original Assignee
Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Auto Kabel Management GmbH filed Critical Auto Kabel Management GmbH
Publication of EP3888112A1 publication Critical patent/EP3888112A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3888112B1 publication Critical patent/EP3888112B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H79/00—Protective switches in which excess current causes the closing of contacts, e.g. for short-circuiting the apparatus to be protected
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/04—Co-operating contacts of different material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/06—Contacts characterised by the shape or structure of the contact-making surface, e.g. grooved
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/24—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using pneumatic or hydraulic actuator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H37/00—Thermally-actuated switches
    • H01H37/74—Switches in which only the opening movement or only the closing movement of a contact is effected by heating or cooling
    • H01H37/76—Contact member actuated by melting of fusible material, actuated due to burning of combustible material or due to explosion of explosive material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H2001/508—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position with mechanical means to prevent return/reverse movement of movable contact once opening or closing cycle has started
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/22—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
    • H01H3/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using electromagnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H36/00—Switches actuated by change of magnetic field or of electric field, e.g. by change of relative position of magnet and switch, by shielding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H39/00—Switching devices actuated by an explosion produced within the device and initiated by an electric current
    • H01H39/004—Closing switches

Definitions

  • the subject relates to an electrical closer, in particular for a motor vehicle line, in particular a motor vehicle power line, for example a battery line, for example a battery-motor, battery-starter, battery-generator or starter-generator line.
  • a motor vehicle power line for example a battery line, for example a battery-motor, battery-starter, battery-generator or starter-generator line.
  • a possible safety concept provides for a short-circuit of the live parts with the help of an electrical closer.
  • the on-board electrical system behind the short-circuit is de-energized due to the short-circuit caused by the NO contact.
  • a short circuit has the advantage that switching under load is not necessary, which always involves the risk of an arc and thus of current flowing further.
  • a closer can be designed in such a way that switching back is impossible, so that permanent protection is guaranteed.
  • the publication DE 197 46 566 A1 relates to an arc flash protection device.
  • the publication CH 389 729 refers to liquid short circuiters for high and extra high voltages.
  • the publication WO 2007/014816 A1 relates to a further developed short-circuiting device for use in low and medium voltage systems for the protection of property and people.
  • the object on which the object was based was to provide an electrical closer for safety-relevant systems which closes securely and in which downshifting is made more difficult.
  • the electrical closer To connect the electrical closer to a circuit, for example to a motor vehicle line or a motor vehicle power line, it has at least a first and a second electrical connection.
  • the respective electrical connection can in each case be formed as a connection lug, connection bolt, screw connection, crimp connection, as a round cable or as a flat cable.
  • the electrical closer can be housed in a separate housing and the connections can be routed out of the housing.
  • the electrical closer has a first contact element, which is electrically connected to the first connection, and a second contact element, which is electrically connected to the second connection.
  • the electrical contact elements are isolated from one another and spatially separated.
  • the contact elements are preferably arranged inside the housing of the electrical closer.
  • a connecting element is provided for contacting the two contact elements with one another.
  • the connecting element is formed from an electrically conductive material and can be brought into contact with the two contact elements at the same time, as a result of which a short circuit is formed across the contact elements and thus a closed position of the closer is realized.
  • a relative movement in particular a translatory movement, is brought about at least one of the contact elements with respect to the connecting element.
  • the connecting element In the open position, the connecting element is spatially separated from at least one of the contact elements and there is no electrical connection between the two contact elements and between at least one of the contact elements and the connecting element.
  • none of the contact elements is connected to the connecting element.
  • one of the contact elements is connected to the connecting element and the second contact element is electrically insulated therefrom.
  • a relative movement between the contact elements and the connecting element is such that the second contact element moves relative to the connecting element.
  • the connecting element it is also possible for the connecting element to move relative to at least one of the contact elements.
  • connecting element and one or both contact elements are moved towards one another relative to one another, there is mechanical and electrical contact between the contact elements and the connecting element, and the connecting element forms a short circuit between the two contact elements.
  • An electrically conductive material which encloses the connecting element, offers good protection against resetting while at the same time being light in weight.
  • a material is a porous material. This can be in the form of a powder or a porous foam.
  • the material is preferably metallic.
  • the material is electrically conductive.
  • At least parts of the connecting element and/or the contact elements are formed from an electrically conductive material. At least one of the contact elements can penetrate into the material of the connecting element, as a result of which a short circuit is formed in the closed position.
  • the connecting element can also be embedded in the electrically conductive material of the contact elements penetrate, creating a short circuit in the closed position.
  • the terms penetrate and immerse can be understood synonymously.
  • a porous material is described below at various points.
  • the relative movement between at least one of the contact elements and the connecting element dips at least one, preferably both, contact elements into the electrically conductive material of the connecting element, or that the connecting element dips into the electrically conductive material of at least one of the contact elements.
  • Dipping can be understood to mean mechanical penetration, in particular in the form of piercing or driving in. Penetration into the electrically conductive material can be favored by a corresponding design of the contact elements or of the connecting element.
  • a connection occurs between a penetrating element and a penetrated element.
  • a penetrating element may be at least one of the contact elements and the penetrated element is in this case the connection element.
  • a penetrating element may be the connection element and the penetrated element is in this case at least one of the contact elements.
  • the element that is penetrated can be formed at least in parts from the electrically conductive material.
  • the penetrating element be formed with an undercut and/or hook-shaped and/or with a barb which is widened counter to the direction of penetration.
  • the penetrating element may be one of the contact elements penetrating the connection element or the connection element penetrating at least one of the contact elements.
  • one or both contact elements can be surrounded by the electrically conductive material of the connecting element or the connecting element by the electrically conductive material of at least one of the contact elements.
  • an end region of the respectively penetrating element is preferably completely surrounded by the electrically conductive material.
  • Both contact elements preferably penetrate into the electrically conductive material of the connecting element. However, if there is already an electrical connection between one of the contact elements and the connecting element in the open position, it is also possible for only one of the contact elements to penetrate the electrically conductive material.
  • the connecting element which has penetrated the electrically conductive material is surrounded all around by the respective electrically conductive material of at least one of the contact elements. It is proposed in particular that a respective end area of the connecting element is completely surrounded by the respective electrically conductive material.
  • Enclosed circumferentially can be understood to mean that along a circumference the penetrating element is completely surrounded by the electrically conductive material and touches it circumferentially.
  • An end region can be an end face and a peripheral surface of the penetrating element pointing away from the end face.
  • the penetration depth can be between a few mm and a few cm. The greater the depth of penetration into the electrically conductive material, the greater the contact surface and thus the electrical conductivity or conductance between the connecting element and the contact element.
  • the electrically conductive material is a porous metal, in particular an open-pore or closed-pore metal foam, in particular made of an aluminum material or a copper material. If foam or metal foam is mentioned below, this can always also be understood as the porous metal, in which case the foam is to be understood merely as an exemplary embodiment of the porous metal.
  • the porous metal has an average pore diameter of between 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. The smaller the pore diameter, the denser the porous metal and the greater the contact area between the porous material and the penetrating element therein and the element being penetrated.
  • the contact element penetrates into the connecting element or vice versa.
  • the penetrating element has a spike-shaped geometry, for example cone-shaped. It is proposed that the tips of the contact elements are directed in the direction of the connecting element or that the tips of the ends of the connecting element are directed in the direction of the respective contact element.
  • the respective tips are preferably in the form of thorns.
  • the penetrating element can be formed in the form of a blade.
  • the contact elements be formed in one piece with the terminals.
  • the terminals that are driven into the electrically conductive material.
  • the connecting element is formed as a conductor bridge and that the connecting element dips into the electrically conductive material of the contact elements as a result of the relative movement. It should be noted here that it can also be sufficient if only one end of a connecting element dips into a contact element and the other end of the connecting element is already connected to the other contact element. This applies to all of the explanations here.
  • the electrically conductive material be completely enclosed by a housing.
  • an insulating material is arranged on the surface of the electrically conductive material in which at least one of the contact elements or the connecting element is immersed. This isolation prevents unwanted contact, for example due to vibration. Sufficient force is required to penetrate the insulation or the housing. This force is applied by accelerating with the help of the drive. When immersed, accelerated by the drive, the connecting element or the contact elements break through the housing wall.
  • the housing is preferably formed from an insulating material, so that unintentional contacts are avoided.
  • the electrically conductive material completely encloses the connecting element and/or the contact elements after immersion, thus forming a non-positive connection between the connecting element or the contact elements and the electrically conductive material.
  • the drive is electrical, electromechanical, magnetic, pyrotechnic or the like.
  • An electromechanical drive can in particular be a spring drive, which can be triggered electrically.
  • a magnetic drive can in particular be a relay drive.
  • a pyrotechnic drive can use a be realized pyrotechnic squib, which can be triggered by an electrical ignition pulse.
  • a porous metal can be produced in different ways, in particular foaming of a blowing agent being used to produce the porous metal. Sintering of a metal powder can also lead to the porous material.
  • the blowing agent is introduced into a metal powder and the metal-blowing agent mixture is treated, in particular heated, as a result of which the blowing agent outgasses and foams and thus forms the porosity. It is also possible that a metal-salt mixture is formed in a casting process and the salt is then washed out and the remaining metal matrix forms the porous metal.
  • Fig. 1a shows a closer 2 with a first terminal 4a and a second terminal 4b.
  • the connections 4a, b can be formed as flat parts or round parts.
  • the connections 4a, b can in particular be formed as connection lugs, connection bolts, crimp connections, soldered connections, welded connections or the like.
  • connections 4a, b can be bimetallic or formed from a metal.
  • the connections 4a, b can be formed from a copper material or an aluminum material.
  • Contact elements 6a, 6b can be provided in one piece with the terminals 4a, b or also only in electrical contact with them.
  • the contact elements 6a, b can be formed from the same metal or from a different metal than the terminals 4a, b.
  • the contact elements 6a, 6b can be metallically coated.
  • the contact elements 6a, b can be formed from a copper material or an aluminum material.
  • the contact elements 6a, b can be mandrel-shaped at the end and point in the direction of a connecting element 8.
  • a connecting element 8 can have a housing 8a and a metal foam 8b arranged in the housing 8a.
  • the metal foam 8b is described below as representative of a porous metal, so the following description can also be applied to any other porous metal.
  • the housing 8a is formed from an insulating material, in particular plastic, and preferably completely encases the metal foam 8b.
  • a drive 10 in the form of a squib can be provided on the side of the connecting element 8 facing away from the contact elements 6a, b.
  • An electrical pulse can trigger the drive 10 via ignition wires 12, whereupon gas pressure accelerates the connecting element in the direction of the contact elements 6a, b.
  • the connecting element 8 is movably arranged in a channel 14 and can be moved in the channel 14 in particular in the direction of movement 16 .
  • the movement of the connecting element 8 in the channel 14 in the direction of movement 16 is triggered by the drive 10.
  • an ignition pulse is transmitted via the ignition wire 12 and the drive 10 fires.
  • the resulting gas pressure causes the connecting element 8 to move in the direction of movement 16.
  • the momentum of the connecting element 8 is sufficiently large for the contact elements 6a, b to pierce the housing 8a and penetrate the metal foam 8b.
  • a mechanical and electrical connection is created between the front ends of the contact elements 6a, b and the metal foam 8b.
  • a short circuit between the contact elements 6a, b is formed via the metal foam 8b and the closer 2 is in a closed position.
  • the connecting element 8 remains in this closed position. Since the tips of the contact elements 6a, b are mechanically completely surrounded by the metal foam 8b, the connecting element 8 holds firmly to the contact elements 6a, b and reset is prevented. Barbs or undercuts (not shown) can also be arranged on the tips of the contact elements 6a, b, which prevent the connecting element 8 from being able to move in the opposite direction 16 .
  • Figure 2a shows a further exemplary embodiment in which a contact element 6a is mounted pivotably about an axis 6c around the connecting element 4b.
  • the contact element 6a is connected to the connecting element 8, in particular the metal foam 8b.
  • the connecting element 8 together with the metal foam 8b is in particular arranged captively on the contact element 6a, for example by materially joining the metal foam 8b to a surface of the contact element 6a.
  • the drive 10' is formed by a spring which can be triggered electromagnetically, for example.
  • the drive 10' When triggered, the drive 10' is triggered via an ignition pulse and the contact element 6a together with the connecting element 8 is accelerated in the direction of the contact element 6b. Through this relative movement, the contact element 6b penetrates, as in figure 2 B shown, in the metal foam 8b and a short circuit between the contact element 6a and the contact element 6b is formed.
  • the contact elements 6a, 6b can also be accelerated in a direction of movement 16 in the direction of the connecting element 8, as shown in FIG 3a, b shown.
  • the contact elements 6a, b are connected to the connection elements 4a, b in such a way that the contact elements 6a, b are movable in the direction of movement 16.
  • a bolt 18 can be provided between the drive 10 and the contact elements 6a, b, which ensures uniform acceleration of the contact elements 6a, b.
  • FIG. 3a shows an open position of the closer 2.
  • the drive 10 is triggered and the contact elements 6a, b are accelerated in the direction of movement 16 in the direction of the connecting element 8 via the bolt 18.
  • the movement impulse is so great that the contact elements 6a, b penetrate the insulating layer 8c and penetrate into the metal foam 8b.
  • Figure 3b shows the closed position in which a short circuit is formed between the contact elements 6a, b via the metal foam 8b.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Fuses (AREA)
  • Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
  • Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
EP19828753.4A 2019-01-18 2019-12-20 Elektrischer schliesser Active EP3888112B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019101307.0A DE102019101307B3 (de) 2019-01-18 2019-01-18 Elektrischer Schließer
PCT/EP2019/086581 WO2020148072A1 (de) 2019-01-18 2019-12-20 Elektrischer schliesser

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3888112A1 EP3888112A1 (de) 2021-10-06
EP3888112B1 true EP3888112B1 (de) 2022-08-31

Family

ID=69056056

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19828753.4A Active EP3888112B1 (de) 2019-01-18 2019-12-20 Elektrischer schliesser

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20220044883A1 (es)
EP (1) EP3888112B1 (es)
CN (1) CN113366598A (es)
DE (1) DE102019101307B3 (es)
ES (1) ES2927364T3 (es)
MX (1) MX2021008630A (es)
WO (1) WO2020148072A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021120055A1 (de) * 2021-08-02 2021-09-30 Peter Lell Elektrisches verbindungsschaltglied mit eindringkörper
WO2023199953A1 (ja) * 2022-04-15 2023-10-19 株式会社ExH 接続装置
AT525886B1 (de) 2022-07-05 2023-09-15 Miba Sinter Austria Gmbh Sicherheitsschalter
WO2024103096A1 (de) 2022-11-15 2024-05-23 Miba Emobility Gmbh Elektrische notfall-schaltvorrichtung
DE102022214260A1 (de) 2022-12-21 2024-06-27 Joyson Safety Systems Germany Gmbh Elektrischer Schließer und Energieerzeugungsvorrichtung mit so einem Schließer

Family Cites Families (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH280309A (de) 1950-05-02 1952-01-15 Sigg Hans Elektrischer Schwachstromkontakt mit flüssigem Kontaktmetall.
CH389729A (de) * 1962-01-12 1965-03-31 Richtr Josef Flüssigkeits-Kurzschliesser für Hoch- und Höchstspannungen
DE1238993B (de) * 1965-12-23 1967-04-20 Calor Emag Elektrizitaets Ag Kurzschlussstromschutz fuer Hochspannungsanlagen
US4150266A (en) 1977-01-27 1979-04-17 Networks Electronic Corp. Miniature pyrotechnic squib switch, single pole, normally open
DE19746566A1 (de) * 1997-10-22 1999-04-29 Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh Kurzschließer, insbesondere für eine Störlichtbogen-Schutzvorrichtung zur Verwendung in Anlagen zur Verteilung elektrischer Energie
US6212065B1 (en) * 1999-04-01 2001-04-03 Vishay Sprague, Inc. Capacitor pellet and lead assembly
DE102005048003B4 (de) * 2005-08-04 2008-04-30 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz
EP2216849B1 (en) * 2009-02-10 2011-10-05 Autoliv Development AB A safety arrangement for a motor vehicle
CN202217960U (zh) * 2011-01-12 2012-05-09 Abb技术有限公司 高压开关设备
DE102017106117B3 (de) * 2017-03-22 2018-07-12 Auto-Kabel Management Gmbh Elektrischer Schließer sowie KFZ mit einem elektrischen Schließer
DE102018100076B3 (de) * 2018-01-03 2019-06-13 Dehn + Söhne Gmbh + Co. Kg Kurzschließeinrichtung für den Einsatz in Nieder- und Mittelspannungsanlagen zum Sach- und Personenschutz

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2020148072A1 (de) 2020-07-23
CN113366598A (zh) 2021-09-07
US20220044883A1 (en) 2022-02-10
ES2927364T3 (es) 2022-11-04
MX2021008630A (es) 2021-08-19
EP3888112A1 (de) 2021-10-06
DE102019101307B3 (de) 2020-06-18

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