EP3875887B1 - Biologisch abbaubarer fettpfropfen mit dichtelement für gewehrpatrone - Google Patents

Biologisch abbaubarer fettpfropfen mit dichtelement für gewehrpatrone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3875887B1
EP3875887B1 EP21160413.7A EP21160413A EP3875887B1 EP 3875887 B1 EP3875887 B1 EP 3875887B1 EP 21160413 A EP21160413 A EP 21160413A EP 3875887 B1 EP3875887 B1 EP 3875887B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cup
fat
buffer
wadding
wad
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EP21160413.7A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3875887A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick MARICAILLE
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Shoot Hunting Outdoor
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Shoot Hunting Outdoor
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/08—Wads, i.e. projectile or shot carrying devices, therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention belongs to the field of ammunition used in firearms and relates more particularly to the field of cartridges with multiple projectiles used for hunting or recreational shooting, of which the document FR1193324 A .
  • a greasy wad intended to be placed in a cartridge to separate the explosive charge from the shot, comprising a buffer provided with a cup forming a shutter, which are made of materials that respect the environment.
  • rifle cartridges are formed of a cylindrical casing reinforced at the base by a metal base, generally made of brass.
  • the socket formerly made of cardboard, is now most often formed from a plastic tube.
  • the cartridges contain on the one hand an explosive charge (i.e. powder) which is in contact with a primer, and on the other hand a set of projectiles in the form of shot which we persist in calling lead shots even if less polluting materials are now used to manufacture them.
  • the explosive charge and the pellets are separated by a wedging device called a wad.
  • the role of the wad is essential since it transmits to the pellets the energy induced by the thrust of the combustion gases of the powder, an effective thrust having to be regular and without loss of energy.
  • the stuffing must meet several qualities. It must above all ensure sealing by opposing the passage of hot gases under pressure to prevent the dispersion of gases during the course of the shot in the barrel of the weapon as soon as it has left the casing. This limits the resulting loss of energy and also avoids the fusion of several pellets in clusters, which represents a high danger because of the distance they travel in the barrel.
  • the infiltration of combustion gases would be likely to create disturbances in the shot pattern.
  • the wad must also be compressible and elastic to absorb the shock produced by the sudden ignition of the powder, to transmit all the force of the explosion to the pellets without deforming them. This avoids the crushing of the pellets, which would harm the homogeneity of the sheaf.
  • the wad must ensure a uniform thrust on the base of the projectiles. It also allows you to clean the bore of the barrel with each shot.
  • cartridges were used containing a greasy wad made of felt, wax or cork, which was introduced into the case above the propellant charge and then covered with pellets.
  • the wad was greased to improve sealing and limit friction forces against the barrel.
  • a protective sheet for example made of cardboard, avoided direct contact of the powder with the wad.
  • this assembly presented an insufficient sealing and moreover uneven from one cartridge to another. To address this problem, two approaches have been developed in modern cartridges.
  • the fatty wad is replaced by a cup wad, or skirt wad, made of plastic material like the socket in which it is placed.
  • the bottom of the cup forms a transverse element separating the shot from the powder.
  • the skirt which extends in a corolla towards the front in the casing, contains the pellets and when firing, it is expelled at the same time as the shot.
  • Most bucket wads also include a rear skirt serving as a shutter for the compartment containing the powder, and also acting as a shock absorber.
  • a conventional fat wad is used and to which a plastic stopper is added, which is introduced between the wad and the powder.
  • a plastic stopper is added, which is introduced between the wad and the powder.
  • a shutter comprises a transverse disc whose diameter is adapted to the internal dimension of the sleeve. This disc supports a circular strip extending at its periphery so that the strip is in contact with the case over a few millimeters in height. This peripheral contact zone is supposed to reinforce the sealing due to the fact that it would widen under the effect of the pressure of the propellant charge.
  • the document EN 2741627 proposes degradable thermoplastic compositions containing a hydrocarbon binder provided with an ester function, starch and titanium oxide acting as an oxidizing agent on exposure to light. These compositions do not make it possible to eliminate pollution lost in dark areas, such as undergrowth, tall grass, ponds, etc. In addition, they can begin to degrade when loading the cartridges depending on ambient conditions, which has a serious drawback with regard to their effectiveness over time.
  • biodegradable polymers for example polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylenes or others, capable of degrading by forming small particles presumed to be harmless, provided that they remain in water.
  • biodegradable polymers for example polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylenes or others, capable of degrading by forming small particles presumed to be harmless, provided that they remain in water.
  • small particles and microparticles resulting from the fragmentation of plastic macro-waste are present in all compartments of the environment where they can be absorbed by living organisms. . They have become a matter of concern as they accumulate in soils, rivers, lakes and the marine environment. In a few decades, they have contaminated all of the oceans and marine species at all levels of the food chain, right up to our plates. It is added that the use of petroleum derivatives to manufacture these cartridges only displaces the problems of environmental pollution.
  • thermoplastic polymers of plant origin include polymers based on polylactic acid or polycaprolactone. These materials, known for their medical applications, particularly in osteoplasty, take several months to degrade. They are also too expensive for the intended use.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, by providing a greasy wad provided with a biodegradable buffer and stopper for cartridges with multiple projectiles.
  • a greasy wad made of materials of natural origin, not using synthetic raw materials, and which has high performance mechanical and ballistic characteristics, in particular from the point of view of sealing.
  • a system has been sought that is simple to produce and convenient to implement for the manufacture of cartridges, without excessive costs.
  • Another aspect of the invention relates to cartridges equipped with such a system, these cartridges being intended for hunting medium-sized animals, clay pigeon shooting or other sports and leisure activities in which the weapon has a smooth soul.
  • the subject of the present invention is a greasy wad intended to be placed in the socket of a cartridge between the explosive charge and the shot, comprising a cylindrical plug of diameter Dt, adapted to be inserted by sliding sliding in the socket of the cartridge, the pad having two end faces, at least one of which is provided with a cup of plastically deformable material comprising a bottom fixed to said face and a collar extending from the bottom in the extension (and opposite) of said pad to a circular edge adapted to be in contact with the inner face of the sleeve, said fatty wad consisting of at least 95% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials.
  • fatty wad will denote a system comprising a plug and a cup linked together, although traditionally in the technical literature the terms “buffer” and “fatty wad” are used as synonyms.
  • buffer and “fatty wad” are used as synonyms.
  • shots and “shot” are used interchangeably to designate the grains of the offensive charge, even if more and more often they are chemically free of lead.
  • explosive charge and “propellant charge” are equivalent here, the invention not relating to this particular aspect.
  • the fatty wad which is the subject of the invention consists of a pad and of at least one dish which are linked in a single and integral system. It is manufactured as such to be inserted into the case of a cartridge.
  • the buffer can be associated with a cup placed at one of its end faces, or with two cups placed symmetrically at each end face.
  • the lateral surface of this buffer is intended to be in contact with the internal face of the sleeve of a cartridge, itself conventionally cylindrical.
  • the buffer has a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the casing, that is to say slightly lower, so that it can enter it effortlessly by sliding sliding, while ensuring its function as a wedge between the shot and the powder. . It constitutes a wedging device between the explosive charge and the pellets, thereby playing the role of a wad comparable to traditional fatty wads. We know, however, that even if it is greased to increase the seal, a space exists between it and the case, letting some of the gases escape during firing.
  • the buffer is not in direct contact with the powder, since a cup is fixed to an end face intended to face the explosive charge.
  • This cup also has dimensions allowing the wad to be introduced into the case, in particular at the level of the collar which extends in the extension of the pad (and opposite it) to a circular border . Once in place, the circular edge of the collar must be in contact with the inner face of the casing over its entire circumference, to be able to act as a shutter when firing.
  • the cup is made of material plastically deformable, therefore capable of retaining the shape given to it, so that the conformation of the collar before its introduction into the sleeve can deviate to a certain extent from that which it will adopt after insertion.
  • the fatty wad thus formed offers an unequaled environmental quality insofar as the materials used to manufacture it can degrade or decompose naturally for at least 95% of their weight (or strictly speaking 95% of their mass).
  • Biodegradability is defined as the ability of materials to be transformed under the action of living organisms into elements with no harmful effect on the natural environment.
  • Natural decomposition refers to the ability of materials to divide under the effect of climatic conditions (water, light, frost, etc.) into fragments of matter with no harmful effect on the natural environment.
  • the organic matter that constitutes the material can be quickly converted into carbon dioxide, methane, water and biomass by microorganisms.
  • the material can disintegrate leaving fragments that contain only natural substances, which are present elsewhere in nature, such as wood or animal hair.
  • the biodegradable or decomposable character is assessed in a range of temperatures which can prevail in temperate zones, i.e. in a range of average daily temperatures ranging from from +5°C to +35°C.
  • a hunter practicing in the countryside of Europe, for example, is likely to encounter such temperatures and can shoot the cartridges equipped with the fatty wad according to the invention without contaminating the natural spaces.
  • the materials chosen to manufacture the fatty wad according to the invention must meet mechanical and ballistic constraints, which do not necessarily appear to be mutually compatible, but also respect other conditions.
  • the materials chosen must imperatively make it possible to ensure the seal.
  • a manufactured material of vegetable origin such as cardboard could satisfy all the criteria sought.
  • the choice of a smooth cardboard with a thickness of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter allows the collar to have the flexibility essential to its crushing against the casing by compression during firing, without creating unnecessary bulk.
  • the cup has sufficient rigidity to allow it to be formed and handled without degradation during the subsequent manufacturing steps of the wads and the cartridges.
  • the cup is formed from at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
  • the cup being made of plastically deformable material, the conformation of the collar before its insertion into the socket may deviate from that which it will adopt after insertion. It can be circular without having the shape of a perfect circle, and be locally or globally wider than necessary. It is even advantageous for it to have a diameter slightly greater than that of the sleeve, for example of the order of 10%, because thus, a deformation will be imposed on it at the time of its introduction so that it bears against the surface. internal of the sleeve, the cup being for its part in abutment against the powder which it caps. The cup will thus be able to act as a shutter when firing.
  • the flange of the cup has a cylindrical conformation or slightly flared from the bottom towards the edge.
  • the cup is fixed to an end face of the cylindrical plug. It is specified that since the buffer is cylindrical, its two end faces are identical and both can receive a cup. It is the bottom of the cup that is held in the buffer. This bottom conveniently has the shape of a flat disk which substantially coincides with that of one or the other end face of the tampon, without however its diameter exceeding that of the tampon so as not to interfere with the kinetics of the cartridge. It can be of the same diameter as the buffer, or of slightly smaller diameter, for example up to 10%, which allows less precision in the placement during the fixing operations without harming the performance of the system.
  • the bottom of the cup fixed to one face of the buffer can have a diameter Df such that Dt ⁇ Df ⁇ 0.9xDt, and the edge of the cup has a diameter Db such that 1 ,1xDt ⁇ Db ⁇ Dt (before insertion means).
  • the depth of the cup is defined by the height of the collar, the latter having an essential role during the thrust exerted by the explosive charge during firing.
  • the collar will undergo a pressure leading to a translation of the wad and its expulsion out of the sleeve with the offensive charge.
  • the collar will be compressed against the wall of the sleeve, obstructing the evacuation of gases between the buffer and the sleeve. Considering these elements, the optimal dimensions of the flange are moderate.
  • the circular collar extends over a length of 2 mm to 4 mm.
  • the cup consists of a cardboard washer with a thickness ranging from 0.8 mm to 1.3 mm.
  • the bottom of the cup is attached to the pad by gluing, preferably using a natural and ideally biodegradable adhesive substance.
  • a glue based on casein or starch or cellulose can for example use a glue based on casein or starch or cellulose.
  • the adhesive power of the glue used can be moderate insofar as it suffices that the cup remains attached to the pad until they are introduced into the case.
  • a sheet of paper, which may preferably be recycled paper, may be sandwiched between the cup and the end of the pad to which it is attached to facilitate adhesion, particularly when a porous or fragmented material is used at the end of the pad. buffer.
  • the cup is fixed to the pad by gluing on one end face, directly or by inserting a sheet of paper.
  • the fatty wad according to the invention may comprise a pad and two cups, each fixed to one of the end faces of said pad.
  • This embodiment is advantageous because it greatly facilitates the assembly of the cartridges due to the symmetry of the wad.
  • the presence of a second cup created no discomfort from the ballistic point of view, and in particular that the pressures exerted during firing did not cause the second flange to open and to rub.
  • the second cup preserved the uniformity of the thrust of the projectiles, and could even have an interesting effect by acting as a shower concentrator, at least for the balls in contact with it.
  • the present invention relates to a fatty wad as described previously, and in which each of the two end faces of the pad is provided with a cup of plastically deformable material, the collar of which extends in the extension of said pad at the opposite of it.
  • the buffer is provided with two collars which are identical in their composition and in their dimensions.
  • the pad of the fatty wad object of the invention can be produced in different ways, including original variants and known variants similar to conventional fatty wads.
  • the biodegradable materials that can be used to make the fat wad pad must be compressible to transmit all the force of the explosion to the pellets without deforming them, to ensure a uniform thrust on the base of the projectile and to give a very regular pattern.
  • Various materials of plant or animal origin may be suitable for this purpose. It is possible, for example, to use plant fibers of flax, cotton or the like, or animal fibers such as felts obtained from hair or wool taken from various animals. It is also possible to turn to processed materials such as cellulose-based products (cardboard, paper) or sawdust, cork or other agglomerates.
  • the pad can be made from a single block of material, cut from a mass. Materials such as felts made by compressing and crushing animal fibers can be cut into cylindrical sections of the appropriate dimensions. To facilitate the cutting of the material, it is also possible to prepare cylindrical slices (or slices) of wood, cork, ..., of less thickness and stack them until obtaining a pad of adequate height. The pad is then formed of slices glued together, made of the same material or of different materials which can be alternated.
  • a natural adhesive substance for example a biodegradable glue based on casein, starch or cellulose, is preferably used for gluing.
  • the pad can be formed from an agglomerated material, that is to say fragments of the chosen material, which are amalgamated by a binder.
  • the pad can be formed from cork grains resulting from grinding into granules that can have various grain sizes.
  • Such a buffer quickly disintegrates into cork granules by degradation of the organic binder which the micro-organisms are fond of.
  • the subsequent microbiological decomposition of the cork grains does not produce toxic compounds, the only element released being carbon dioxide.
  • This use of cork is all the more virtuous in that it makes it possible to recover waste from the manufacture of corks and to recycle used corks.
  • the binder can be chosen from the many known substances, of vegetable or animal origin such as for example vegetable gums, starches, latex, vegetable resins, milk casein, celluloses, or other.
  • the binder can also be chosen from the thermoplastic resins commonly used in the manufacture of agglomerated corks. Insofar as the binder generally represents less than 1% of the mass of the agglomerated cork, this point is however not critical with regard to the biodegradability of the fatty fluff as a whole.
  • the pad can comprise one or more materials chosen from cork, cardboard, paper, wood fibers, felt, taken in the form of a block, superimposed slices, or fragments amalgamated by a binder.
  • the fatty wads according to the invention can be used in ammunition of different types, having recourse to wads of variable dimensions. It is the length of the pad that will adjust the total length of the padding to the desired value. This is why the buffer can have an axial length ranging from 4 mm to 22 mm.
  • the fatty wad according to the invention is as it should be "greased", that is to say that it is coated with a lubricating substance.
  • lubrication alone is not sufficient to prevent the escape of propulsion gases.
  • it contributes in part to this, and in addition it prevents the shot from depositing metallic particles in the barrel as it passes, thus facilitating the maintenance of the weapon.
  • This is a notable advantage of the greasy wad according to the invention compared with wads made of synthetic materials which cannot be greased in order to prevent the barrel from being sealed, requiring frequent cleaning.
  • the pad can be lubricated over its entire surface, or preferably only partially, on its cylindrical side face.
  • the lubricant product can be of natural or synthetic origin, taken pure or as a mixture. It is chosen from compounds whose melting point is higher than the usual atmospheric temperatures so that it is in the fat (solid) state, but changes to the oil (liquefied) state in the firing temperature conditions.
  • One can for example use paraffin, beeswax, petroleum jelly, or commercial products known to hunters, pure or as a mixture.
  • the lubricant represents less than 1% of the total mass of the tampon.
  • the tampon can thus be formed from 95% or more of biodegradable materials, decomposable natural materials or an assemblage of these.
  • the remaining fraction is preferably made up of biodegradable materials so that the buffer does not create residual pollution of the surrounding environment.
  • a judicious choice of materials makes it possible to manufacture a fatty floss formed from more than 98%, and even 99% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials. This is the case, for example, if a cardboard cup is used, with an agglomerated cork pad and natural felt. Any manufacturing aids, the binder, the glue and the lubricant, have little impact even if they are not chosen for their biodegradable nature and have a fairly long persistence. They indeed represent a tiny fraction of the intermediate piece, generally less than 1%. Ideally, we choose materials that degrade to at least 98%, or even completely, in a few weeks or even in a few days.
  • a fatty wad in which the pad is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials, of decomposable natural materials or of an assembly thereof, and the cup is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
  • the fatty wad according to the invention can have variable dimensions depending on the diameter of the ammunition for which it is intended. It can also be adapted to the quantity and caliber of pellets.
  • the type of weapons concerned being smooth-bore weapons used mainly for hunting medium game or for ball trapping, whose calibers range from 10 to 36, it is recommended to remain within certain proportions.
  • the fatty wad as defined above advantageously replaces a conventional fatty wad because it not only makes it possible not to generate waste polluting nature but also to offer an unequaled shooting quality. It has in fact been found that it is capable of effectively transmitting to the pellets the energy induced by the pressure of the combustion gases of the powder, while ensuring a regular thrust and without loss of energy.
  • the sealing obtained is excellent as evidenced by the absence of black marks on the wad after firing (whereas for the plastic wads, there are traces amounting to gas escaping).
  • the kinetic performance is increased by 15% to 20%, which extends the effectiveness of the shot from 27 meters to approximately 35 meters.
  • a pattern-concentrating effect is also observed for cartridges equipped with two-cup wads with a better-provided pattern core. It has also appeared that the cartridges equipped with such a greasy wad can be stored without damage under the usual conditions, namely in their storage box, away from moisture.
  • a cartridge for a smooth-bore shotgun comprising a casing of generally cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal base, an explosive charge in contact with a primer, and a set of projectiles in the form of shot, cartridge in which the explosive charge and the shot are separated by a fatty wad as described above, said fatty wad comprising a plug and at least one cup fixed to one of the end faces of said plug, said cup being placed in abutment against the explosive charge so as to form a shutter during firing.
  • said fatty wad comprises a cup fixed to each of the end faces of the buffer, one of which is placed in abutment against the explosive charge so as to constitute a shutter during firing. .
  • the cartridge comprises a fatty wad as described, which is made of materials capable of degrading or decomposing at least 95% by weight in the natural environment in less than 25 days.
  • the materials of the fatty wad are chosen so that the cup degrades in less than 15 days and the pad breaks down into fragments of natural material harmless to the environment, also in less than 15 days. The degradation will be then almost complete (98% or more) after 25 days.
  • Such materials are, for example, cardboard for making the cup, and an agglomerate of cork, wood and/or felt for the pad. Fragments of cork or wood, non-toxic and barely or not visually identifiable, will in turn degrade in a few months, by the action of both microorganisms and other living organisms, such as insects, rodents, etc. .
  • the feeding of the machines is done without constraint of the direction of introduction of the fatty wad.
  • the fatty wad as represented in figure 1a And 1b comprises a pad 1 and a cup 2.
  • the pad 1 is presented as a solid cylinder of diameter Dt having two end faces 11 and 12.
  • the pad 1 is composed of crushed cork grains (the size of the grains being between 0.5 mm and 2 mm) amalgamated using a thermoplastic resin, added at a rate of 0.5% to 0.8% by mass.
  • the use of cork is advantageous because it perfectly plays its role of shock absorber. It is also completely natural and without toxicity for the fauna as for the flora.
  • the biodegradable binder is digested by microorganisms in a few days, releasing cork fragments which disperse harmlessly in the environment, to be used and/or gradually degraded by living organisms, like any woody debris.
  • the cup 2 is fixed integrally to an end face of the buffer 1. It comprises the bottom 21 and the flange 22 which extends from the bottom 21 to a free circular border 23, in an orientation extending from the buffer 1 , the opposite of it.
  • a cardboard washer 1 mm thick was stamped to obtain the cup 2, the bottom 21 of which has a diameter Df, slightly less than Dt.
  • the collar 22 rises 3 mm, widening slightly to reach a diameter Db slightly greater than Dt.
  • the outer face of the bottom 21 has been glued using cellulosic glue and fixed to the end face 11 of the buffer 1. Cardboard is a material of choice to meet the targeted objectives.
  • the cardboard cup is thus 100% biodegradable and it disappears completely in about three weeks after firing, even less if the conditions are favorable, when it is left in a meadow or in a wood.
  • the fatty fluff according to the embodiment above is capable of decomposing up to 99% in less than a month.
  • the fatty wad as represented in figure 2a And 2b comprises a buffer 1 and two cups 2' and 2".
  • the two cups are identical to that of example 1, one 2' being fixed to the end face 11, designating by convention the side which will be against the explosive charge 20 of the cartridge 100, and the other 2" being fixed to the end face 12, designating by convention the side which will be against the shot 30.
  • the buffer 1 has a structure that is globally identical to that of the buffer described in the previous example. It is composed of three superposed and glued layers, comprising a layer of cork 13, sandwiched between two layers of felt 14' and 14".
  • the fatty wad according to the above embodiment is able to decompose up to 95% in a few months.
  • the fatty wad as represented in the picture 3 comprises a buffer 1 and two cups 2' and 2".
  • the two cups are identical to that of example 1, one being fixed on the end face 11, and the other being fixed on the face of end 12.
  • the buffer 1 has a structure that is globally identical to that of the buffer described in example 1. It is composed of three superposed and glued layers, comprising a layer of felt 15, sandwiched between two layers of cork 16' and 16".
  • the fatty fluff according to the embodiment above is capable of decomposing up to 95% in less than a month.
  • EXAMPLE 4 Cartridge comprising a fatty wad with two cups
  • the 100 cartridge shown in figure 4 includes a fatty wad as described above.
  • the cartridge 100 is formed of the sleeve 10, cylindrical, in plastic material of a type known per se. Its rear part is mounted in the base 40 made of metal, for example brass.
  • the cartridge 100 contains powder constituting the explosive charge 20 which is in contact with the primer 42.
  • the shot 30 is housed in the front part of the casing 10, so that it is separated from the explosive charge 20 by the wad oily.
  • the explosive charge is confined in its compartment by the cup 2 whose collar 22 rests on the sleeve 10.
  • cups 2 by cutting out cardboard washers using a punching machine, then they are formed by stamping. Cups are obtained whose flange is substantially frustoconical, with an almost circular free edge. The cardboard retains the shape thus conferred on it during subsequent handling. Pads 1 are glued at both ends and each receive a cup 2. The fatty wads thus obtained can be stored until the time of manufacture of the cartridges 100.
  • the sleeve 10 is then crimped to close the cartridge 100.
  • One of the cups rests against the explosive charge 20, while the other is turned towards the shot 30.
  • a certain pressure which will pack the powder against the collar 2.
  • the latter widens transversely until it bears against the wall of the sleeve.
  • firing the pressure increases drastically so that the collar bears much more heavily on the cartridge case, acting as a shutter. The loss of pressure during firing is then avoided and a uniform thrust is obtained.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Zwischenmittel, das dazu bestimmt ist, zwischen der Pulverladung (20) und dem Schrot (30) in der Hülse (10) einer Patrone (100) angeordnet zu werden, wobei das Zwischenmittel ein zylindrisches Pufferstück (1) mit einem Durchmesser Dt umfasst, das dafür geeignet ist, gleitend in die Hülse (10) der Patrone eingeführt zu werden, wobei das Pufferstück zwei endständige Flächen (11, 12) hat, von denen mindestens eine mit einem Becher (2) aus plastisch verformbarem Material versehen ist, der einen Boden (21), welcher an der Fläche befestigt ist, und einen Kragen (22) aufweist, welcher sich ausgehend von dem Boden (21) in der Verlängerung des Pufferstücks bis zu einem kreisförmigen Rand (23) erstreckt, der dafür geeignet ist, mit der Innenfläche der Hülse (10) in Kontakt zu sein, wobei das Zwischenmittel zu mindestens 95 Gewichts-% aus biologisch abbaubaren oder zersetzungsfähigen Materialien besteht.
  2. Zwischenmittel gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kragen (22) des Bechers (2) eine Formgebung hat, die zylindrisch ist oder sich vom Boden (21) zum Rand (23) hin geringfügig aufweitet.
  3. Zwischenmittel nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Boden (21) des Bechers (2), der an der Fläche des Pufferstücks (1) befestigt ist, einen Durchmesser Df hat, welcher derart beschaffen ist, dass Dt ≥ Df ≥ 0,9xDt gilt, und der Rand des Bechers einen Durchmesser Db hat, welcher derart beschaffen ist, dass 1,1xDt ≥ Db ≥ Dt gilt.
  4. Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kreisförmige Kragen (22) sich über eine Länge von 2 mm bis 4 mm erstreckt.
  5. Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Becher (2) aus einer Pappscheibe mit einer Dicke im Bereich von 0,8 mm bis 1,2 mm besteht.
  6. Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Becher (2) an dem Pufferstück (1) befestigt ist, indem er an eine endständige Fläche geklebt wurde, entweder unmittelbar oder indem ein Blatt Papier dazwischen eingefügt wurde.
  7. Zwischenmittel nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jede der beiden endständigen Flächen (11, 12) des Pufferstücks (1) mit einem Becher (2', 2") aus plastisch verformbarem Material versehen ist, wobei sich dessen Kragen in der Verlängerung des Pufferstücks diesem entgegengesetzt erstreckt.
  8. Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pufferstück (1) ein oder mehrere Materialien umfasst, die aus Kork, Pappe, Papier, Holzfasern, Filz ausgewählt sind, wobei sie in Form eines Blocks, übereinander angeordneter Scheiben oder von Bruchstücken vorliegen, welche von einem Bindemittel zusammengehalten werden.
  9. Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Oberfläche des Pufferstücks (1) vollständig oder teilweise mit einem Schmiermittel überzogen ist.
  10. Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Pufferstück (1) zu mindestens 99 Gewichts-% aus biologisch abbaubaren Materialien, zersetzungsfähigen natürlichen Materialien oder einer Mischung aus denselben gebildet ist und der Becher zu mindestens 99 Gewichts-% aus biologisch abbaubaren Materialien gebildet ist.
  11. Flintenpatrone, die eine Hülse (10) von allgemein zylindrischer Form, deren hinterer Abschnitt in einer Bodenkappe (40) aus Metall angebracht ist, eine Pulverladung (20), welche mit einem Zündhütchen (42) in Kontakt ist, und eine Gesamtheit von Projektilen in Form von Schrot (30) umfasst, wobei die Patrone dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass die Pulverladung und das Schrot von einem Zwischenmittel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche getrennt werden, wobei das Zwischenmittel ein Pufferstück (1) und mindestens einen Becher (2) umfasst, welcher an einer der endständigen Flächen (11, 12) des Pufferstücks angebracht ist, wobei der Becher derart angeordnet ist, dass er an der Pulverladung (20) anliegt und somit beim Schuss als abdichtendes Element dient.
  12. Patrone nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Zwischenmittel einen Becher (2) aufweist, der an jeder der endständigen Flächen (11, 12) des Pufferstücks (1) befestigt ist, wobei einer davon derart angeordnet ist, dass er an der Pulverladung (20) anliegt und somit beim Schuss als abdichtendes Element dient.
  13. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Patrone (100) nach einem der Ansprüche 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bilden mindestens eines Bechers (2) ausgehend von einer Scheibe aus einem plastisch verformbaren Material,
    - Befestigen des mindestens einen Bechers an einer endständigen Fläche (11, 12) eines zylindrischen Pufferstücks (1), um ein Zwischenmittel nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zu erhalten.
    - Einführen in eine Hülse (10) von allgemein zylindrischer Form, deren hinterer Abschnitt in einer Bodenkappe (40) aus Metall angebracht ist, nacheinander und in dieser Reihenfolge: einer Pulverladung (20), des Zwischenmittels, welches derart ausgerichtet ist, dass der Becher an der Pulverladung anliegt, und von Schrot (30), und anschließend
    - Verschließen der Patrone (10) durch eine mechanische Einwirkung.
  14. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Patrone (100) nach dem vorhergehenden Anspruch, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Bilden zweier Becher (2', 2") ausgehend von Scheiben aus einem plastisch verformbaren Material,
    - Befestigen jedes der Becher an einer endständigen Fläche (11, 12) eines zylindrischen Pufferstücks (1), um ein Zwischenmittel mit zwei Bechern nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10 zu erhalten,
    - Einführen in eine Hülse (10) von allgemein zylindrischer Form, deren hinterer Abschnitt in einer Bodenkappe (40) aus Metall angebracht ist, nacheinander und in dieser Reihenfolge: einer Pulverladung (20), des Zwischenmittels, welches beliebig ausgerichtet ist, wobei einer der Becher an der Pulverladung anliegt, und von Schrot (30), und anschließend
    - Verschließen der Patrone (10) durch eine mechanische Einwirkung.
EP21160413.7A 2020-03-05 2021-03-03 Biologisch abbaubarer fettpfropfen mit dichtelement für gewehrpatrone Active EP3875887B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2002247A FR3107952B1 (fr) 2020-03-05 2020-03-05 Bourre grasse biodegradable avec obturateur pour cartouche de fusil

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EP3875887B1 true EP3875887B1 (de) 2023-02-22

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Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1122852A (fr) * 1955-04-20 1956-09-13 Bourre pour cartouches de chasse et cartouches comportant une telle bourre
FR1193324A (fr) * 1958-03-15 1959-11-02 Rey Freres Perfectionnements aux cartouches de chasse
FR1258333A (fr) * 1960-03-01 1961-04-14 Cartouche de chasse
FR2741627B1 (fr) 1995-11-27 1997-12-19 Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale Compositions entierement biodegradables utiles pour fabriquer des cartouches de chasse et de tir
ES2912975T3 (es) 2015-04-30 2022-05-30 Bio Ammo S L Cartucho biodegradable para escopetas
FR3083599B1 (fr) * 2018-07-05 2020-08-14 Shoot Hunting Outdoor Bourre a godet biodegradable pour cartouche de fusil

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