EP3875887B1 - Biodegradable fat wad with shutter for rifle cartridge - Google Patents
Biodegradable fat wad with shutter for rifle cartridge Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3875887B1 EP3875887B1 EP21160413.7A EP21160413A EP3875887B1 EP 3875887 B1 EP3875887 B1 EP 3875887B1 EP 21160413 A EP21160413 A EP 21160413A EP 3875887 B1 EP3875887 B1 EP 3875887B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cup
- fat
- buffer
- wadding
- wad
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000007799 cork Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002788 crimping Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 14
- 241000209504 Poaceae Species 0.000 description 11
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 11
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 235000010980 cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 5
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 3
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000021240 caseins Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000272201 Columbiformes Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000004209 hair Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000009931 harmful effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005445 natural material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001573881 Corolla Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000628997 Flos Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001080024 Telles Species 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001938 Vegetable gum Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013871 bee wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012166 beeswax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000227 bioadhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000704 biodegradable plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013467 fragmentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006062 fragmentation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004816 latex Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000126 latex Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005923 long-lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013528 metallic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002906 microbiologic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013336 milk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008267 milk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004080 milk Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002688 persistence Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019271 petrolatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005014 poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001748 polybutylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- -1 polybutylenes Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001610 polycaprolactone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004632 polycaprolactone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000903 polyhydroxyalkanoate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000002784 stomach Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 231100000167 toxic agent Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002025 wood fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
- F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
- F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
- F42B7/08—Wads, i.e. projectile or shot carrying devices, therefor
Definitions
- the present invention belongs to the field of ammunition used in firearms and relates more particularly to the field of cartridges with multiple projectiles used for hunting or recreational shooting, of which the document FR1193324 A .
- a greasy wad intended to be placed in a cartridge to separate the explosive charge from the shot, comprising a buffer provided with a cup forming a shutter, which are made of materials that respect the environment.
- rifle cartridges are formed of a cylindrical casing reinforced at the base by a metal base, generally made of brass.
- the socket formerly made of cardboard, is now most often formed from a plastic tube.
- the cartridges contain on the one hand an explosive charge (i.e. powder) which is in contact with a primer, and on the other hand a set of projectiles in the form of shot which we persist in calling lead shots even if less polluting materials are now used to manufacture them.
- the explosive charge and the pellets are separated by a wedging device called a wad.
- the role of the wad is essential since it transmits to the pellets the energy induced by the thrust of the combustion gases of the powder, an effective thrust having to be regular and without loss of energy.
- the stuffing must meet several qualities. It must above all ensure sealing by opposing the passage of hot gases under pressure to prevent the dispersion of gases during the course of the shot in the barrel of the weapon as soon as it has left the casing. This limits the resulting loss of energy and also avoids the fusion of several pellets in clusters, which represents a high danger because of the distance they travel in the barrel.
- the infiltration of combustion gases would be likely to create disturbances in the shot pattern.
- the wad must also be compressible and elastic to absorb the shock produced by the sudden ignition of the powder, to transmit all the force of the explosion to the pellets without deforming them. This avoids the crushing of the pellets, which would harm the homogeneity of the sheaf.
- the wad must ensure a uniform thrust on the base of the projectiles. It also allows you to clean the bore of the barrel with each shot.
- cartridges were used containing a greasy wad made of felt, wax or cork, which was introduced into the case above the propellant charge and then covered with pellets.
- the wad was greased to improve sealing and limit friction forces against the barrel.
- a protective sheet for example made of cardboard, avoided direct contact of the powder with the wad.
- this assembly presented an insufficient sealing and moreover uneven from one cartridge to another. To address this problem, two approaches have been developed in modern cartridges.
- the fatty wad is replaced by a cup wad, or skirt wad, made of plastic material like the socket in which it is placed.
- the bottom of the cup forms a transverse element separating the shot from the powder.
- the skirt which extends in a corolla towards the front in the casing, contains the pellets and when firing, it is expelled at the same time as the shot.
- Most bucket wads also include a rear skirt serving as a shutter for the compartment containing the powder, and also acting as a shock absorber.
- a conventional fat wad is used and to which a plastic stopper is added, which is introduced between the wad and the powder.
- a plastic stopper is added, which is introduced between the wad and the powder.
- a shutter comprises a transverse disc whose diameter is adapted to the internal dimension of the sleeve. This disc supports a circular strip extending at its periphery so that the strip is in contact with the case over a few millimeters in height. This peripheral contact zone is supposed to reinforce the sealing due to the fact that it would widen under the effect of the pressure of the propellant charge.
- the document EN 2741627 proposes degradable thermoplastic compositions containing a hydrocarbon binder provided with an ester function, starch and titanium oxide acting as an oxidizing agent on exposure to light. These compositions do not make it possible to eliminate pollution lost in dark areas, such as undergrowth, tall grass, ponds, etc. In addition, they can begin to degrade when loading the cartridges depending on ambient conditions, which has a serious drawback with regard to their effectiveness over time.
- biodegradable polymers for example polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylenes or others, capable of degrading by forming small particles presumed to be harmless, provided that they remain in water.
- biodegradable polymers for example polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylenes or others, capable of degrading by forming small particles presumed to be harmless, provided that they remain in water.
- small particles and microparticles resulting from the fragmentation of plastic macro-waste are present in all compartments of the environment where they can be absorbed by living organisms. . They have become a matter of concern as they accumulate in soils, rivers, lakes and the marine environment. In a few decades, they have contaminated all of the oceans and marine species at all levels of the food chain, right up to our plates. It is added that the use of petroleum derivatives to manufacture these cartridges only displaces the problems of environmental pollution.
- thermoplastic polymers of plant origin include polymers based on polylactic acid or polycaprolactone. These materials, known for their medical applications, particularly in osteoplasty, take several months to degrade. They are also too expensive for the intended use.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, by providing a greasy wad provided with a biodegradable buffer and stopper for cartridges with multiple projectiles.
- a greasy wad made of materials of natural origin, not using synthetic raw materials, and which has high performance mechanical and ballistic characteristics, in particular from the point of view of sealing.
- a system has been sought that is simple to produce and convenient to implement for the manufacture of cartridges, without excessive costs.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to cartridges equipped with such a system, these cartridges being intended for hunting medium-sized animals, clay pigeon shooting or other sports and leisure activities in which the weapon has a smooth soul.
- the subject of the present invention is a greasy wad intended to be placed in the socket of a cartridge between the explosive charge and the shot, comprising a cylindrical plug of diameter Dt, adapted to be inserted by sliding sliding in the socket of the cartridge, the pad having two end faces, at least one of which is provided with a cup of plastically deformable material comprising a bottom fixed to said face and a collar extending from the bottom in the extension (and opposite) of said pad to a circular edge adapted to be in contact with the inner face of the sleeve, said fatty wad consisting of at least 95% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials.
- fatty wad will denote a system comprising a plug and a cup linked together, although traditionally in the technical literature the terms “buffer” and “fatty wad” are used as synonyms.
- buffer and “fatty wad” are used as synonyms.
- shots and “shot” are used interchangeably to designate the grains of the offensive charge, even if more and more often they are chemically free of lead.
- explosive charge and “propellant charge” are equivalent here, the invention not relating to this particular aspect.
- the fatty wad which is the subject of the invention consists of a pad and of at least one dish which are linked in a single and integral system. It is manufactured as such to be inserted into the case of a cartridge.
- the buffer can be associated with a cup placed at one of its end faces, or with two cups placed symmetrically at each end face.
- the lateral surface of this buffer is intended to be in contact with the internal face of the sleeve of a cartridge, itself conventionally cylindrical.
- the buffer has a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the casing, that is to say slightly lower, so that it can enter it effortlessly by sliding sliding, while ensuring its function as a wedge between the shot and the powder. . It constitutes a wedging device between the explosive charge and the pellets, thereby playing the role of a wad comparable to traditional fatty wads. We know, however, that even if it is greased to increase the seal, a space exists between it and the case, letting some of the gases escape during firing.
- the buffer is not in direct contact with the powder, since a cup is fixed to an end face intended to face the explosive charge.
- This cup also has dimensions allowing the wad to be introduced into the case, in particular at the level of the collar which extends in the extension of the pad (and opposite it) to a circular border . Once in place, the circular edge of the collar must be in contact with the inner face of the casing over its entire circumference, to be able to act as a shutter when firing.
- the cup is made of material plastically deformable, therefore capable of retaining the shape given to it, so that the conformation of the collar before its introduction into the sleeve can deviate to a certain extent from that which it will adopt after insertion.
- the fatty wad thus formed offers an unequaled environmental quality insofar as the materials used to manufacture it can degrade or decompose naturally for at least 95% of their weight (or strictly speaking 95% of their mass).
- Biodegradability is defined as the ability of materials to be transformed under the action of living organisms into elements with no harmful effect on the natural environment.
- Natural decomposition refers to the ability of materials to divide under the effect of climatic conditions (water, light, frost, etc.) into fragments of matter with no harmful effect on the natural environment.
- the organic matter that constitutes the material can be quickly converted into carbon dioxide, methane, water and biomass by microorganisms.
- the material can disintegrate leaving fragments that contain only natural substances, which are present elsewhere in nature, such as wood or animal hair.
- the biodegradable or decomposable character is assessed in a range of temperatures which can prevail in temperate zones, i.e. in a range of average daily temperatures ranging from from +5°C to +35°C.
- a hunter practicing in the countryside of Europe, for example, is likely to encounter such temperatures and can shoot the cartridges equipped with the fatty wad according to the invention without contaminating the natural spaces.
- the materials chosen to manufacture the fatty wad according to the invention must meet mechanical and ballistic constraints, which do not necessarily appear to be mutually compatible, but also respect other conditions.
- the materials chosen must imperatively make it possible to ensure the seal.
- a manufactured material of vegetable origin such as cardboard could satisfy all the criteria sought.
- the choice of a smooth cardboard with a thickness of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter allows the collar to have the flexibility essential to its crushing against the casing by compression during firing, without creating unnecessary bulk.
- the cup has sufficient rigidity to allow it to be formed and handled without degradation during the subsequent manufacturing steps of the wads and the cartridges.
- the cup is formed from at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
- the cup being made of plastically deformable material, the conformation of the collar before its insertion into the socket may deviate from that which it will adopt after insertion. It can be circular without having the shape of a perfect circle, and be locally or globally wider than necessary. It is even advantageous for it to have a diameter slightly greater than that of the sleeve, for example of the order of 10%, because thus, a deformation will be imposed on it at the time of its introduction so that it bears against the surface. internal of the sleeve, the cup being for its part in abutment against the powder which it caps. The cup will thus be able to act as a shutter when firing.
- the flange of the cup has a cylindrical conformation or slightly flared from the bottom towards the edge.
- the cup is fixed to an end face of the cylindrical plug. It is specified that since the buffer is cylindrical, its two end faces are identical and both can receive a cup. It is the bottom of the cup that is held in the buffer. This bottom conveniently has the shape of a flat disk which substantially coincides with that of one or the other end face of the tampon, without however its diameter exceeding that of the tampon so as not to interfere with the kinetics of the cartridge. It can be of the same diameter as the buffer, or of slightly smaller diameter, for example up to 10%, which allows less precision in the placement during the fixing operations without harming the performance of the system.
- the bottom of the cup fixed to one face of the buffer can have a diameter Df such that Dt ⁇ Df ⁇ 0.9xDt, and the edge of the cup has a diameter Db such that 1 ,1xDt ⁇ Db ⁇ Dt (before insertion means).
- the depth of the cup is defined by the height of the collar, the latter having an essential role during the thrust exerted by the explosive charge during firing.
- the collar will undergo a pressure leading to a translation of the wad and its expulsion out of the sleeve with the offensive charge.
- the collar will be compressed against the wall of the sleeve, obstructing the evacuation of gases between the buffer and the sleeve. Considering these elements, the optimal dimensions of the flange are moderate.
- the circular collar extends over a length of 2 mm to 4 mm.
- the cup consists of a cardboard washer with a thickness ranging from 0.8 mm to 1.3 mm.
- the bottom of the cup is attached to the pad by gluing, preferably using a natural and ideally biodegradable adhesive substance.
- a glue based on casein or starch or cellulose can for example use a glue based on casein or starch or cellulose.
- the adhesive power of the glue used can be moderate insofar as it suffices that the cup remains attached to the pad until they are introduced into the case.
- a sheet of paper, which may preferably be recycled paper, may be sandwiched between the cup and the end of the pad to which it is attached to facilitate adhesion, particularly when a porous or fragmented material is used at the end of the pad. buffer.
- the cup is fixed to the pad by gluing on one end face, directly or by inserting a sheet of paper.
- the fatty wad according to the invention may comprise a pad and two cups, each fixed to one of the end faces of said pad.
- This embodiment is advantageous because it greatly facilitates the assembly of the cartridges due to the symmetry of the wad.
- the presence of a second cup created no discomfort from the ballistic point of view, and in particular that the pressures exerted during firing did not cause the second flange to open and to rub.
- the second cup preserved the uniformity of the thrust of the projectiles, and could even have an interesting effect by acting as a shower concentrator, at least for the balls in contact with it.
- the present invention relates to a fatty wad as described previously, and in which each of the two end faces of the pad is provided with a cup of plastically deformable material, the collar of which extends in the extension of said pad at the opposite of it.
- the buffer is provided with two collars which are identical in their composition and in their dimensions.
- the pad of the fatty wad object of the invention can be produced in different ways, including original variants and known variants similar to conventional fatty wads.
- the biodegradable materials that can be used to make the fat wad pad must be compressible to transmit all the force of the explosion to the pellets without deforming them, to ensure a uniform thrust on the base of the projectile and to give a very regular pattern.
- Various materials of plant or animal origin may be suitable for this purpose. It is possible, for example, to use plant fibers of flax, cotton or the like, or animal fibers such as felts obtained from hair or wool taken from various animals. It is also possible to turn to processed materials such as cellulose-based products (cardboard, paper) or sawdust, cork or other agglomerates.
- the pad can be made from a single block of material, cut from a mass. Materials such as felts made by compressing and crushing animal fibers can be cut into cylindrical sections of the appropriate dimensions. To facilitate the cutting of the material, it is also possible to prepare cylindrical slices (or slices) of wood, cork, ..., of less thickness and stack them until obtaining a pad of adequate height. The pad is then formed of slices glued together, made of the same material or of different materials which can be alternated.
- a natural adhesive substance for example a biodegradable glue based on casein, starch or cellulose, is preferably used for gluing.
- the pad can be formed from an agglomerated material, that is to say fragments of the chosen material, which are amalgamated by a binder.
- the pad can be formed from cork grains resulting from grinding into granules that can have various grain sizes.
- Such a buffer quickly disintegrates into cork granules by degradation of the organic binder which the micro-organisms are fond of.
- the subsequent microbiological decomposition of the cork grains does not produce toxic compounds, the only element released being carbon dioxide.
- This use of cork is all the more virtuous in that it makes it possible to recover waste from the manufacture of corks and to recycle used corks.
- the binder can be chosen from the many known substances, of vegetable or animal origin such as for example vegetable gums, starches, latex, vegetable resins, milk casein, celluloses, or other.
- the binder can also be chosen from the thermoplastic resins commonly used in the manufacture of agglomerated corks. Insofar as the binder generally represents less than 1% of the mass of the agglomerated cork, this point is however not critical with regard to the biodegradability of the fatty fluff as a whole.
- the pad can comprise one or more materials chosen from cork, cardboard, paper, wood fibers, felt, taken in the form of a block, superimposed slices, or fragments amalgamated by a binder.
- the fatty wads according to the invention can be used in ammunition of different types, having recourse to wads of variable dimensions. It is the length of the pad that will adjust the total length of the padding to the desired value. This is why the buffer can have an axial length ranging from 4 mm to 22 mm.
- the fatty wad according to the invention is as it should be "greased", that is to say that it is coated with a lubricating substance.
- lubrication alone is not sufficient to prevent the escape of propulsion gases.
- it contributes in part to this, and in addition it prevents the shot from depositing metallic particles in the barrel as it passes, thus facilitating the maintenance of the weapon.
- This is a notable advantage of the greasy wad according to the invention compared with wads made of synthetic materials which cannot be greased in order to prevent the barrel from being sealed, requiring frequent cleaning.
- the pad can be lubricated over its entire surface, or preferably only partially, on its cylindrical side face.
- the lubricant product can be of natural or synthetic origin, taken pure or as a mixture. It is chosen from compounds whose melting point is higher than the usual atmospheric temperatures so that it is in the fat (solid) state, but changes to the oil (liquefied) state in the firing temperature conditions.
- One can for example use paraffin, beeswax, petroleum jelly, or commercial products known to hunters, pure or as a mixture.
- the lubricant represents less than 1% of the total mass of the tampon.
- the tampon can thus be formed from 95% or more of biodegradable materials, decomposable natural materials or an assemblage of these.
- the remaining fraction is preferably made up of biodegradable materials so that the buffer does not create residual pollution of the surrounding environment.
- a judicious choice of materials makes it possible to manufacture a fatty floss formed from more than 98%, and even 99% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials. This is the case, for example, if a cardboard cup is used, with an agglomerated cork pad and natural felt. Any manufacturing aids, the binder, the glue and the lubricant, have little impact even if they are not chosen for their biodegradable nature and have a fairly long persistence. They indeed represent a tiny fraction of the intermediate piece, generally less than 1%. Ideally, we choose materials that degrade to at least 98%, or even completely, in a few weeks or even in a few days.
- a fatty wad in which the pad is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials, of decomposable natural materials or of an assembly thereof, and the cup is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
- the fatty wad according to the invention can have variable dimensions depending on the diameter of the ammunition for which it is intended. It can also be adapted to the quantity and caliber of pellets.
- the type of weapons concerned being smooth-bore weapons used mainly for hunting medium game or for ball trapping, whose calibers range from 10 to 36, it is recommended to remain within certain proportions.
- the fatty wad as defined above advantageously replaces a conventional fatty wad because it not only makes it possible not to generate waste polluting nature but also to offer an unequaled shooting quality. It has in fact been found that it is capable of effectively transmitting to the pellets the energy induced by the pressure of the combustion gases of the powder, while ensuring a regular thrust and without loss of energy.
- the sealing obtained is excellent as evidenced by the absence of black marks on the wad after firing (whereas for the plastic wads, there are traces amounting to gas escaping).
- the kinetic performance is increased by 15% to 20%, which extends the effectiveness of the shot from 27 meters to approximately 35 meters.
- a pattern-concentrating effect is also observed for cartridges equipped with two-cup wads with a better-provided pattern core. It has also appeared that the cartridges equipped with such a greasy wad can be stored without damage under the usual conditions, namely in their storage box, away from moisture.
- a cartridge for a smooth-bore shotgun comprising a casing of generally cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal base, an explosive charge in contact with a primer, and a set of projectiles in the form of shot, cartridge in which the explosive charge and the shot are separated by a fatty wad as described above, said fatty wad comprising a plug and at least one cup fixed to one of the end faces of said plug, said cup being placed in abutment against the explosive charge so as to form a shutter during firing.
- said fatty wad comprises a cup fixed to each of the end faces of the buffer, one of which is placed in abutment against the explosive charge so as to constitute a shutter during firing. .
- the cartridge comprises a fatty wad as described, which is made of materials capable of degrading or decomposing at least 95% by weight in the natural environment in less than 25 days.
- the materials of the fatty wad are chosen so that the cup degrades in less than 15 days and the pad breaks down into fragments of natural material harmless to the environment, also in less than 15 days. The degradation will be then almost complete (98% or more) after 25 days.
- Such materials are, for example, cardboard for making the cup, and an agglomerate of cork, wood and/or felt for the pad. Fragments of cork or wood, non-toxic and barely or not visually identifiable, will in turn degrade in a few months, by the action of both microorganisms and other living organisms, such as insects, rodents, etc. .
- the feeding of the machines is done without constraint of the direction of introduction of the fatty wad.
- the fatty wad as represented in figure 1a And 1b comprises a pad 1 and a cup 2.
- the pad 1 is presented as a solid cylinder of diameter Dt having two end faces 11 and 12.
- the pad 1 is composed of crushed cork grains (the size of the grains being between 0.5 mm and 2 mm) amalgamated using a thermoplastic resin, added at a rate of 0.5% to 0.8% by mass.
- the use of cork is advantageous because it perfectly plays its role of shock absorber. It is also completely natural and without toxicity for the fauna as for the flora.
- the biodegradable binder is digested by microorganisms in a few days, releasing cork fragments which disperse harmlessly in the environment, to be used and/or gradually degraded by living organisms, like any woody debris.
- the cup 2 is fixed integrally to an end face of the buffer 1. It comprises the bottom 21 and the flange 22 which extends from the bottom 21 to a free circular border 23, in an orientation extending from the buffer 1 , the opposite of it.
- a cardboard washer 1 mm thick was stamped to obtain the cup 2, the bottom 21 of which has a diameter Df, slightly less than Dt.
- the collar 22 rises 3 mm, widening slightly to reach a diameter Db slightly greater than Dt.
- the outer face of the bottom 21 has been glued using cellulosic glue and fixed to the end face 11 of the buffer 1. Cardboard is a material of choice to meet the targeted objectives.
- the cardboard cup is thus 100% biodegradable and it disappears completely in about three weeks after firing, even less if the conditions are favorable, when it is left in a meadow or in a wood.
- the fatty fluff according to the embodiment above is capable of decomposing up to 99% in less than a month.
- the fatty wad as represented in figure 2a And 2b comprises a buffer 1 and two cups 2' and 2".
- the two cups are identical to that of example 1, one 2' being fixed to the end face 11, designating by convention the side which will be against the explosive charge 20 of the cartridge 100, and the other 2" being fixed to the end face 12, designating by convention the side which will be against the shot 30.
- the buffer 1 has a structure that is globally identical to that of the buffer described in the previous example. It is composed of three superposed and glued layers, comprising a layer of cork 13, sandwiched between two layers of felt 14' and 14".
- the fatty wad according to the above embodiment is able to decompose up to 95% in a few months.
- the fatty wad as represented in the picture 3 comprises a buffer 1 and two cups 2' and 2".
- the two cups are identical to that of example 1, one being fixed on the end face 11, and the other being fixed on the face of end 12.
- the buffer 1 has a structure that is globally identical to that of the buffer described in example 1. It is composed of three superposed and glued layers, comprising a layer of felt 15, sandwiched between two layers of cork 16' and 16".
- the fatty fluff according to the embodiment above is capable of decomposing up to 95% in less than a month.
- EXAMPLE 4 Cartridge comprising a fatty wad with two cups
- the 100 cartridge shown in figure 4 includes a fatty wad as described above.
- the cartridge 100 is formed of the sleeve 10, cylindrical, in plastic material of a type known per se. Its rear part is mounted in the base 40 made of metal, for example brass.
- the cartridge 100 contains powder constituting the explosive charge 20 which is in contact with the primer 42.
- the shot 30 is housed in the front part of the casing 10, so that it is separated from the explosive charge 20 by the wad oily.
- the explosive charge is confined in its compartment by the cup 2 whose collar 22 rests on the sleeve 10.
- cups 2 by cutting out cardboard washers using a punching machine, then they are formed by stamping. Cups are obtained whose flange is substantially frustoconical, with an almost circular free edge. The cardboard retains the shape thus conferred on it during subsequent handling. Pads 1 are glued at both ends and each receive a cup 2. The fatty wads thus obtained can be stored until the time of manufacture of the cartridges 100.
- the sleeve 10 is then crimped to close the cartridge 100.
- One of the cups rests against the explosive charge 20, while the other is turned towards the shot 30.
- a certain pressure which will pack the powder against the collar 2.
- the latter widens transversely until it bears against the wall of the sleeve.
- firing the pressure increases drastically so that the collar bears much more heavily on the cartridge case, acting as a shutter. The loss of pressure during firing is then avoided and a uniform thrust is obtained.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Biological Depolymerization Polymers (AREA)
Description
La présente invention appartient au domaine des munitions utilisées dans les armes à feu et se rapporte plus particulièrement au domaine des cartouches à projectiles multiples utilisées pour la chasse ou le tir de loisir, dont fait par exemple partie le document
Elle a pour objet une bourre grasse destinée à être placée dans une cartouche pour séparer la charge explosive de la grenaille, comprenant un tampon doté d'une coupelle formant obturateur, qui sont constitués de matériaux respectueux de l'environnement.It relates to a greasy wad intended to be placed in a cartridge to separate the explosive charge from the shot, comprising a buffer provided with a cup forming a shutter, which are made of materials that respect the environment.
On sait que les cartouches de fusil sont formées d'une douille cylindrique renforcée à la base par un culot métallique, généralement en laiton. La douille, autrefois en carton, est aujourd'hui le plus souvent formée à partir d'un tube en matière plastique. Les cartouches contiennent d'une part une charge explosive (c'est-à-dire de la poudre) qui est en contact avec une amorce, et d'autre part un ensemble de projectiles sous la forme de grenaille qu'on persiste à appeler plombs même si désormais des matériaux moins polluants sont utilisés pour les fabriquer. La charge explosive et les plombs sont séparés par un dispositif de calage appelé bourre.It is known that rifle cartridges are formed of a cylindrical casing reinforced at the base by a metal base, generally made of brass. The socket, formerly made of cardboard, is now most often formed from a plastic tube. The cartridges contain on the one hand an explosive charge (i.e. powder) which is in contact with a primer, and on the other hand a set of projectiles in the form of shot which we persist in calling lead shots even if less polluting materials are now used to manufacture them. The explosive charge and the pellets are separated by a wedging device called a wad.
Le rôle de la bourre est essentiel puisqu'elle transmet aux plombs l'énergie induite par la poussée des gaz de combustion de la poudre, une poussée efficace devant être régulière et sans déperdition d'énergie. Pour remplir son rôle, la bourre doit répondre à plusieurs qualités. Elle doit avant tout assurer l'étanchéité en s'opposant au passage des gaz brûlants sous pression pour empêcher la dispersion des gaz durant le parcours de la grenaille dans le canon de l'arme dès qu'elle a quitté la douille. On limite ainsi la déperdition d'énergie qui en résulte et on évite aussi la fusion de plusieurs plombs en grappes, ce qui représente un danger élevé du fait de la distance qu'ils parcourent dans le canon. En outre, l'infiltration de gaz de combustion serait susceptible de créer des perturbations dans la gerbe de plombs.The role of the wad is essential since it transmits to the pellets the energy induced by the thrust of the combustion gases of the powder, an effective thrust having to be regular and without loss of energy. To fulfill its role, the stuffing must meet several qualities. It must above all ensure sealing by opposing the passage of hot gases under pressure to prevent the dispersion of gases during the course of the shot in the barrel of the weapon as soon as it has left the casing. This limits the resulting loss of energy and also avoids the fusion of several pellets in clusters, which represents a high danger because of the distance they travel in the barrel. In addition, the infiltration of combustion gases would be likely to create disturbances in the shot pattern.
La bourre doit aussi être compressible et élastique pour amortir le choc produit par l'inflammation brutale de la poudre, pour transmettre toute la force de l'explosion aux plombs sans les déformer. On évite ainsi l'écrasement des plombs ce qui nuirait à l'homogénéité de la gerbe. La bourre doit assurer une poussée uniforme sur la base des projectiles. Elle permet en outre de nettoyer la lumière du canon à chaque tir.The wad must also be compressible and elastic to absorb the shock produced by the sudden ignition of the powder, to transmit all the force of the explosion to the pellets without deforming them. This avoids the crushing of the pellets, which would harm the homogeneity of the sheaf. The wad must ensure a uniform thrust on the base of the projectiles. It also allows you to clean the bore of the barrel with each shot.
Traditionnellement, on utilisait des cartouches contenant une bourre grasse faite de feutre, de cire ou de liège, qu'on introduisait dans l'étui au-dessus de la charge propulsive et qu'on recouvrait ensuite de plombs. La bourre était graissée pour améliorer l'étanchéité et limiter les forces de frottement contre le canon. Une feuille de protection, par exemple en carton, évitait le contact direct de la poudre avec la bourre. Cependant, cet assemblage présentait une étanchéité insuffisante et de plus inégale d'une cartouche à l'autre. Pour répondre à ce problème, deux approches ont été développées dans les cartouches modernes.Traditionally, cartridges were used containing a greasy wad made of felt, wax or cork, which was introduced into the case above the propellant charge and then covered with pellets. The wad was greased to improve sealing and limit friction forces against the barrel. A protective sheet, for example made of cardboard, avoided direct contact of the powder with the wad. However, this assembly presented an insufficient sealing and moreover uneven from one cartridge to another. To address this problem, two approaches have been developed in modern cartridges.
Selon une première approche, la bourre grasse est remplacée par une bourre à godet, ou bourre à jupe, en matière plastique comme la douille dans laquelle elle est placée. Le fond du godet forme un élément transversal séparant la grenaille de la poudre. La jupe qui s'étend en corolle vers l'avant dans la douille, contient les plombs et lors du tir, elle est expulsée en même temps que la grenaille. La plupart des bourres à godet comportent en outre une jupe arrière servant d'obturateur du compartiment contenant la poudre, et jouant également le rôle d'amortisseur.According to a first approach, the fatty wad is replaced by a cup wad, or skirt wad, made of plastic material like the socket in which it is placed. The bottom of the cup forms a transverse element separating the shot from the powder. The skirt which extends in a corolla towards the front in the casing, contains the pellets and when firing, it is expelled at the same time as the shot. Most bucket wads also include a rear skirt serving as a shutter for the compartment containing the powder, and also acting as a shock absorber.
Selon une seconde approche, on utilise une bourre grasse conventionnelle et laquelle on adjoint un obturateur en matière plastique, que l'on introduit entre la bourre et la poudre. Communément, un tel obturateur comprend un disque transversal dont le diamètre est adapté à la dimension intérieure de la douille. Ce disque supporte une bande circulaire s'étendant à sa périphérie de sorte que la bande se trouve au contact de l'étui sur quelques millimètres de hauteur. Cette zone de contact périphérique est supposée renforcer l'étanchéité du fait qu'elle s'évaserait sous l'effet de la pression de la charge propulsive.According to a second approach, a conventional fat wad is used and to which a plastic stopper is added, which is introduced between the wad and the powder. Commonly, such a shutter comprises a transverse disc whose diameter is adapted to the internal dimension of the sleeve. This disc supports a circular strip extending at its periphery so that the strip is in contact with the case over a few millimeters in height. This peripheral contact zone is supposed to reinforce the sealing due to the fact that it would widen under the effect of the pressure of the propellant charge.
Dans les deux approches, des pièces en matières synthétiques sont utilisées, alors que le nombre de cartouches tirées chaque année dans les différents pays du monde se compte en centaines de millions, dont une proportion notable de cartouches à bourre grasse. Or, s'il est facile de récupérer les douilles qui tombent à terre à proximité du chasseur après un tir, il n'en va pas de même des bourres et des obturateurs qui sont expulsés à longue distance, et souvent dans des endroits difficilement accessibles. Ce sont autant d'articles en matériaux de synthèse imputrescibles qui sont abandonnés dans la nature, dont les nuisances et pollutions sont nombreuses et durables, tant pour les forêts et les prairies que pour les zones humides, les étangs et les rivières. Ces déchets abandonnés entrent dans les cycles des écosystèmes et sont retrouvés régulièrement dans l'estomac d'animaux sur toute la planète.In both approaches, parts made of synthetic materials are used, while the number of cartridges fired each year in the various countries of the world is counted in the hundreds of millions, including a significant proportion of cartridges with oily wads. However, if it is easy to recover the casings which fall on the ground near the hunter after a shot, it is not the same for the wads and the obturators which are expelled at long distance, and often in places difficult to reach. . These are all articles made of rot-proof synthetic materials which are abandoned in nature, the nuisances and pollution of which are numerous and long-lasting, both for forests and meadows and for wetlands, ponds and rivers. This abandoned waste enters the cycles of ecosystems and is regularly found in the stomach animals all over the planet.
Pour remédier au problème de la pollution du milieu naturel par les éléments de cartouche perdus, il a été proposé de réaliser des cartouches en matériaux dégradables sous l'action de la lumière, de la pluie ou des microorganismes. Des recherches ont été menées pour mettre au point des matières plastiques biodégradables, possédant les propriétés mécaniques requises. Par exemple, le document
Il a aussi été proposé d'utiliser des polymères biodégradables, par exemple du polyhydroxyalcanoate, des polybutylènes ou autres, aptes à se dégrader en formant de petites particules présumées sans dangerosité, à condition qu'elles séjournent dans l'eau. Là non plus, il n'est pas certain que les bourres perdues se trouvent dans les conditions adéquates pour être éliminées. Quoi qu'il en soit, on sait aujourd'hui que les particules de petite taille et les microparticules issues de la fragmentation de macro-déchets de plastiques sont présentes dans tous les compartiments de l'environnement où elles peuvent être absorbées par les organismes vivants. Elles sont devenues un sujet de préoccupation car elles s'accumulent dans les sols, les cours d'eau, les lacs et le milieu marin. En quelques décennies, elles ont contaminé l'ensemble des océans et des espèces marines à tous les niveaux de la chaîne alimentaire, jusqu'à nos assiettes. On ajoute que l'emploi de dérivés du pétrole pour fabriquer ces cartouches ne fait que déplacer les problèmes de pollution environnementale.It has also been proposed to use biodegradable polymers, for example polyhydroxyalkanoate, polybutylenes or others, capable of degrading by forming small particles presumed to be harmless, provided that they remain in water. Here again, it is not certain that the lost wads are in the right conditions to be eliminated. Be that as it may, we now know that small particles and microparticles resulting from the fragmentation of plastic macro-waste are present in all compartments of the environment where they can be absorbed by living organisms. . They have become a matter of concern as they accumulate in soils, rivers, lakes and the marine environment. In a few decades, they have contaminated all of the oceans and marine species at all levels of the food chain, right up to our plates. It is added that the use of petroleum derivatives to manufacture these cartridges only displaces the problems of environmental pollution.
Une autre réponse consiste à utiliser comme matières premières des polymères thermoplastiques biodégradables d'origine végétale. Par exemple, les cartouches décrites dans
A ce jour, aucune solution satisfaisante n'a été proposée pour remédier au problème de la pollution des espaces naturels par les cartouches de chasse à bourre grasse et l'homme du métier est toujours à la recherche de bourres grasses entièrement dégradables qui laissent l'environnement indemne, c'est-à-dire qui ne laissent subsister aucune particule solide susceptible de polluer ou de causer des dommages à la faune et plus généralement à l'environnement naturel.To date, no satisfactory solution has been proposed to remedy the problem of the pollution of natural spaces by hunting cartridges with fatty wads and those skilled in the art are always looking for completely degradable fatty wads which leave the unscathed environment, that is to say which leave no solid particles liable to pollute or cause damage to wildlife and more generally to the natural environment.
Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients sus-évoqués, en offrant une bourre grasse dotée d'un tampon et d'un obturateur biodégradables pour cartouches à projectiles multiples. En particulier, on souhaite proposer une bourre grasse fabriquée en matériaux d'origine naturelle, ne faisant pas appel à des matières premières synthétiques, et qui présente des caractéristiques mécaniques et balistiques de haute performance, notamment du point de vue de l'étanchéité. Pour ce faire, il a été imaginé de remplacer les bourres grasses et les obturateurs conventionnels par des pièces qui se dégradent ou se décomposent dans le milieu environnant par l'effet de l'humidité ambiante, en trois ou quatre semaines, voire en quelques jours, ces pièces étant associées en un système unique. Il a été recherché un système simple à réaliser et commode à mettre en oeuvre pour la fabrication des cartouches, sans coûts excessifs. Un autre aspect de l'invention concerne des cartouches équipées d'un tel système, ces cartouches étant destinées à la chasse aux animaux de taille moyenne, au ball-trap ou autres activités sportives et de loisir dans lesquelles l'arme possède un canon à âme lisse.The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks mentioned above, by providing a greasy wad provided with a biodegradable buffer and stopper for cartridges with multiple projectiles. In particular, it is desired to propose a greasy wad made of materials of natural origin, not using synthetic raw materials, and which has high performance mechanical and ballistic characteristics, in particular from the point of view of sealing. To do this, it was imagined to replace the greasy wads and the conventional obturators by parts which degrade or decompose in the surrounding environment by the effect of the ambient humidity, in three or four weeks, even in a few days. , these parts being combined into a single system. A system has been sought that is simple to produce and convenient to implement for the manufacture of cartridges, without excessive costs. Another aspect of the invention relates to cartridges equipped with such a system, these cartridges being intended for hunting medium-sized animals, clay pigeon shooting or other sports and leisure activities in which the weapon has a smooth soul.
Les buts ci-dessus énoncés sont atteints grâce à la présente invention dans laquelle un tampon cylindrique et une coupelle en matériaux biodégradables sont associés pour former un système intégré, remplaçant à la fois la bourre grasse traditionnelle et l'obturateur dans une cartouche de chasse ou similaire.The aims stated above are achieved thanks to the present invention in which a cylindrical plug and a cup made of biodegradable materials are combined to form an integrated system, replacing both the traditional fatty wad and the shutter in a hunting cartridge or similar.
Plus précisément, la présente invention a pour objet une bourre grasse destinée à être placée dans la douille d'une cartouche entre la charge explosive et la grenaille, comprenant un tampon cylindrique de diamètre Dt, adapté pour s'insérer en coulissement glissant dans la douille de la cartouche, le tampon ayant deux faces d'extrémité dont l'une au moins est munie d'une coupelle en matériau plastiquement déformable comportant un fond fixé à ladite face et une collerette s'étendant à partir du fond dans le prolongement (et à l'opposé) dudit tampon jusqu'à une bordure circulaire adaptée pour être au contact de la face intérieure de la douille, ladite bourre grasse étant constituée d'au moins 95% en poids de matériaux biodégradables ou décomposables.More specifically, the subject of the present invention is a greasy wad intended to be placed in the socket of a cartridge between the explosive charge and the shot, comprising a cylindrical plug of diameter Dt, adapted to be inserted by sliding sliding in the socket of the cartridge, the pad having two end faces, at least one of which is provided with a cup of plastically deformable material comprising a bottom fixed to said face and a collar extending from the bottom in the extension (and opposite) of said pad to a circular edge adapted to be in contact with the inner face of the sleeve, said fatty wad consisting of at least 95% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials.
Dans la description qui suit, on désignera par "bourre grasse", un système comprenant un tampon et une coupelle liés entre eux, bien que traditionnellement dans la littérature technique les termes "tampon" et "bourre grasse" soient employés comme des synonymes. Les termes "grenaille" et "plombs" sont employés indifféremment pour désigner les grains de la charge offensive, même si de plus en plus souvent ils sont chimiquement exempts de plomb. Les termes "charge explosive", "charge propulsive" et "poudre" sont ici équivalents, l'invention ne portant pas sur cet aspect particulier.In the following description, the term “fatty wad” will denote a system comprising a plug and a cup linked together, although traditionally in the technical literature the terms “buffer” and “fatty wad” are used as synonyms. The terms "shot" and "shot" are used interchangeably to designate the grains of the offensive charge, even if more and more often they are chemically free of lead. The terms "explosive charge", "propellant charge" and "powder" are equivalent here, the invention not relating to this particular aspect.
La bourre grasse objet de l'invention est constituée d'un tampon et d'au moins une coupelle qui sont liés en un système unique et solidaire. Elle est fabriquée comme telle pour être insérée dans la douille d'une cartouche. Comme on le verra plus loin, le tampon peut être associé avec une coupelle placée à l'une de ses faces d'extrémité, ou avec deux coupelles placées symétriquement à chaque face d'extrémité. Les éléments descriptifs ci-après s'appliquent de la même manière aux deux modes de réalisation.The fatty wad which is the subject of the invention consists of a pad and of at least one dish which are linked in a single and integral system. It is manufactured as such to be inserted into the case of a cartridge. As will be seen below, the buffer can be associated with a cup placed at one of its end faces, or with two cups placed symmetrically at each end face. The descriptive elements below apply equally to both embodiments.
La bourre grasse objet de la présente invention comprend un tampon cylindrique de diamètre adapté pour s'insérer en coulissement glissant dans la douille de la cartouche. La surface latérale de ce tampon est destinée à être en contact avec la face interne de la douille d'une cartouche, elle-même classiquement cylindrique. Le tampon a un diamètre correspondant au diamètre intérieur de la douille, c'est-à-dire légèrement inférieur, de sorte qu'il peut y pénétrer sans effort par coulissement glissant, tout en assurant sa fonction de cale entre la grenaille et la poudre. Il constitue un dispositif de calage entre la charge explosive et les plombs, jouant de ce fait le rôle d'une bourre de manière comparable aux bourres grasses traditionnelles. On sait toutefois, que même s'il est graissé pour accroître l'étanchéité, un espace existe entre celui-ci et la douille, laissant échapper une partie des gaz lors du tir.The fatty wad which is the subject of the present invention comprises a cylindrical buffer with a diameter adapted to be inserted by sliding in the sleeve of the cartridge. The lateral surface of this buffer is intended to be in contact with the internal face of the sleeve of a cartridge, itself conventionally cylindrical. The buffer has a diameter corresponding to the internal diameter of the casing, that is to say slightly lower, so that it can enter it effortlessly by sliding sliding, while ensuring its function as a wedge between the shot and the powder. . It constitutes a wedging device between the explosive charge and the pellets, thereby playing the role of a wad comparable to traditional fatty wads. We know, however, that even if it is greased to increase the seal, a space exists between it and the case, letting some of the gases escape during firing.
Le tampon n'est pas en contact direct avec la poudre, puisqu'une coupelle est fixée à une face d'extrémité destinée à être tournée vers la charge explosive. Cette coupelle a elle aussi des dimensions permettant d'introduire la bourre dans l'étui, notamment au niveau de la collerette qui s'étend dans le prolongement du tampon (et à l'opposé de celui-ci) jusqu'à une bordure circulaire. Une fois en place, la bordure circulaire de la collerette doit être au contact de la face intérieure de la douille sur toute sa circonférence, pour être à même de jouer le rôle d'obturateur au moment du tir. La coupelle est réalisée en matériau déformable plastiquement, apte donc à conserver la forme qu'on lui donne, de sorte que la conformation de la collerette avant son introduction dans la douille peut s'écarter dans une certaine mesure de celle qu'elle adoptera après insertion.The buffer is not in direct contact with the powder, since a cup is fixed to an end face intended to face the explosive charge. This cup also has dimensions allowing the wad to be introduced into the case, in particular at the level of the collar which extends in the extension of the pad (and opposite it) to a circular border . Once in place, the circular edge of the collar must be in contact with the inner face of the casing over its entire circumference, to be able to act as a shutter when firing. The cup is made of material plastically deformable, therefore capable of retaining the shape given to it, so that the conformation of the collar before its introduction into the sleeve can deviate to a certain extent from that which it will adopt after insertion.
La bourre grasse ainsi constituée offre une qualité environnementale inégalée dans la mesure où les matériaux utilisés pour la fabriquer peuvent se dégrader ou se décomposer naturellement pour au moins 95% de leur poids (ou en toute rigueur 95% de leur masse). Le caractère biodégradable est défini comme la capacité des matériaux à se transformer sous l'action d'organismes vivants en éléments dépourvus d'effet néfaste pour le milieu naturel. La décomposition naturelle se rapporte à la faculté des matériaux à se diviser sous l'effet des conditions climatiques (l'eau, la lumière, le gel, ...) en fragments de matière dépourvus d'effet néfaste pour le milieu naturel. Ainsi, d'une part, la matière organique qui constitue le matériau peut être convertie rapidement en dioxyde de carbone, méthane, eau et biomasse par des microorganismes. D'autre part, le matériau peut se désagréger en laissant des fragments qui ne contiennent que des substances naturelles, lesquelles sont présentes par ailleurs dans la nature, comme c'est le cas du bois ou des poils d'animaux.The fatty wad thus formed offers an unequaled environmental quality insofar as the materials used to manufacture it can degrade or decompose naturally for at least 95% of their weight (or strictly speaking 95% of their mass). Biodegradability is defined as the ability of materials to be transformed under the action of living organisms into elements with no harmful effect on the natural environment. Natural decomposition refers to the ability of materials to divide under the effect of climatic conditions (water, light, frost, etc.) into fragments of matter with no harmful effect on the natural environment. Thus, on the one hand, the organic matter that constitutes the material can be quickly converted into carbon dioxide, methane, water and biomass by microorganisms. On the other hand, the material can disintegrate leaving fragments that contain only natural substances, which are present elsewhere in nature, such as wood or animal hair.
Il est précisé que compte tenu de l'utilisation qui sera faite des bourres grasses objets de l'invention, le caractère biodégradable ou décomposable est apprécié dans un intervalle de températures pouvant régner dans les zones tempérées, soit dans une plage de températures journalières moyennes allant de +5°C à +35°C. Un chasseur pratiquant dans les campagnes d'Europe par exemple, est susceptible de rencontrer de telles températures et peut tirer les cartouches équipées de la bourre grasse selon l'invention sans contaminer les espaces naturels.It is specified that taking into account the use which will be made of the fatty wads which are the subject of the invention, the biodegradable or decomposable character is assessed in a range of temperatures which can prevail in temperate zones, i.e. in a range of average daily temperatures ranging from from +5°C to +35°C. A hunter practicing in the countryside of Europe, for example, is likely to encounter such temperatures and can shoot the cartridges equipped with the fatty wad according to the invention without contaminating the natural spaces.
Différents matériaux sont connus pour leur biodégradabilité. Cependant, les matériaux choisis pour fabriquer la bourre grasse selon l'invention doivent répondre à des contraintes, mécaniques et balistiques, qui n'apparaissent pas forcément compatibles entre elles, mais aussi respecter d'autres conditions.Different materials are known for their biodegradability. However, the materials chosen to manufacture the fatty wad according to the invention must meet mechanical and ballistic constraints, which do not necessarily appear to be mutually compatible, but also respect other conditions.
En ce qui concerne la coupelle, les matériaux choisis doivent impérativement permettre d'assurer l'étanchéité. De manière surprenante, il a été trouvé qu'un matériau manufacturé d'origine végétale tel que le carton pouvait donner satisfaction sur tous les critères recherchés. Le choix d'un carton lisse d'une épaisseur de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètre permet en effet que la collerette ait la souplesse indispensable à son écrasement contre la douille par compression lors du tir, sans créer d'encombrement superflu. Ce faisant, la coupelle présente une rigidité suffisante pour permettre son formage et sa manipulation sans dégradation lors des étapes de fabrication suivantes des bourres et des cartouches. Dans ce cas, la coupelle est formée d'au moins 99% en poids de matériaux biodégradables.With regard to the cup, the materials chosen must imperatively make it possible to ensure the seal. Surprisingly, it has been found that a manufactured material of vegetable origin such as cardboard could satisfy all the criteria sought. The choice of a smooth cardboard with a thickness of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter allows the collar to have the flexibility essential to its crushing against the casing by compression during firing, without creating unnecessary bulk. In doing so, the cup has sufficient rigidity to allow it to be formed and handled without degradation during the subsequent manufacturing steps of the wads and the cartridges. In this case, the cup is formed from at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
Comme déjà indiqué, la coupelle étant réalisée en matériau plastiquement déformable, la conformation de la collerette avant son introduction dans la douille peut s'écarter de celle qu'elle adoptera après insertion. Elle peut être circulaire sans avoir la forme d'un cercle parfait, et être localement ou globalement plus large que nécessaire. Il est même avantageux qu'elle ait un diamètre légèrement supérieur à celui de la douille, par exemple de l'ordre de 10%, car ainsi, on lui imposera une déformation au moment de son introduction pour qu'elle prenne appui contre la surface interne de la douille, la coupelle étant quant à elle en appui contre la poudre qu'elle coiffe. La coupelle sera ainsi à même de jouer le rôle d'obturateur au moment du tir.As already indicated, the cup being made of plastically deformable material, the conformation of the collar before its insertion into the socket may deviate from that which it will adopt after insertion. It can be circular without having the shape of a perfect circle, and be locally or globally wider than necessary. It is even advantageous for it to have a diameter slightly greater than that of the sleeve, for example of the order of 10%, because thus, a deformation will be imposed on it at the time of its introduction so that it bears against the surface. internal of the sleeve, the cup being for its part in abutment against the powder which it caps. The cup will thus be able to act as a shutter when firing.
C'est pourquoi, selon une caractéristique de la bourre grasse objet de la présente invention, la collerette de la coupelle a une conformation cylindrique ou légèrement évasée du fond vers la bordure.This is why, according to a characteristic of the fatty wad object of the present invention, the flange of the cup has a cylindrical conformation or slightly flared from the bottom towards the edge.
Comme indiqué précédemment, la coupelle est fixée à une face d'extrémité du tampon cylindrique. Il est précisé que le tampon étant cylindrique, ses deux faces d'extrémité sont identiques et l'un comme l'autre peut recevoir une coupelle. C'est le fond de la coupelle qui est maintenu au tampon. Ce fond a commodément la forme d'un disque plan qui coïncide sensiblement à celle de l'une ou de l'autre face d'extrémité du tampon, sans toutefois que son diamètre n'excède celui du tampon afin de ne pas gêner la cinétique de la cartouche. Il peut être de même diamètre que le tampon, ou de diamètre légèrement inférieur, par exemple jusqu'à 10%, ce qui autorise une moindre précision dans le placement lors des opérations de fixation sans nuire aux performances du système.As indicated above, the cup is fixed to an end face of the cylindrical plug. It is specified that since the buffer is cylindrical, its two end faces are identical and both can receive a cup. It is the bottom of the cup that is held in the buffer. This bottom conveniently has the shape of a flat disk which substantially coincides with that of one or the other end face of the tampon, without however its diameter exceeding that of the tampon so as not to interfere with the kinetics of the cartridge. It can be of the same diameter as the buffer, or of slightly smaller diameter, for example up to 10%, which allows less precision in the placement during the fixing operations without harming the performance of the system.
Ainsi, selon une caractéristique particulière de l'invention, le fond de la coupelle fixé à une face du tampon peut avoir un diamètre Df tel que Dt ≥ Df ≥ 0,9xDt, et la bordure de la coupelle a un diamètre Db tel que 1,1xDt ≥ Db ≥ Dt (avant insertion s'entend).Thus, according to a particular characteristic of the invention, the bottom of the cup fixed to one face of the buffer can have a diameter Df such that Dt ≥ Df ≥ 0.9xDt, and the edge of the cup has a diameter Db such that 1 ,1xDt ≥ Db ≥ Dt (before insertion means).
La coupelle est de profondeur définie par la hauteur de la collerette, cette dernière ayant un rôle essentiel lors de la poussée exercée par la charge explosive lors du tir. En effet, sous l'action des gaz dégagés, elle va subir une pression conduisant à une translation de la bourre et à son expulsion hors de la douille avec la charge offensive. En même temps, la collerette va être comprimée contre la paroi de la douille, faisant obstacle à l'évacuation des gaz entre le tampon et la douille. Compte tenu de ces éléments, les dimensions optimales de la collerette sont modérées.The depth of the cup is defined by the height of the collar, the latter having an essential role during the thrust exerted by the explosive charge during firing. In effect, under the action of the released gases, it will undergo a pressure leading to a translation of the wad and its expulsion out of the sleeve with the offensive charge. At the same time, the collar will be compressed against the wall of the sleeve, obstructing the evacuation of gases between the buffer and the sleeve. Considering these elements, the optimal dimensions of the flange are moderate.
Ainsi, selon une caractéristique de l'invention, la collerette circulaire s'étend sur une longueur de 2 mm à 4 mm. Selon, une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la coupelle est constituée d'une rondelle de carton d'épaisseur allant de 0,8 mm à 1,3 mm.Thus, according to one characteristic of the invention, the circular collar extends over a length of 2 mm to 4 mm. According to another characteristic of the invention, the cup consists of a cardboard washer with a thickness ranging from 0.8 mm to 1.3 mm.
Elle peut commodément être fabriquée à partir d'une rondelle de carton emboutie pour enfoncer un disque constituant le fond, la partie périphérique de la rondelle étant relevée pour former la collerette. Cette coupelle est ensuite fixée contre une face d'extrémité du tampon, de sorte que la collerette s'étend dans le prolongement et à l'opposé du tampon pour former une bourre de calage de type bourre grasse.It can conveniently be made from a stamped cardboard washer to drive in a disc constituting the bottom, the peripheral part of the washer being raised to form the collar. This cup is then fixed against an end face of the pad, so that the collar extends in the extension and opposite the pad to form a wedging wad of the fatty wad type.
Le fond de la coupelle est fixé au tampon par collage, de préférence à l'aide d'une substance adhésive naturelle et idéalement biodégradable. On peut par exemple utiliser une colle à base de caséine ou d'amidon ou de cellulose. Le pouvoir adhésif de la colle utilisée peut être modéré dans la mesure où il suffit que la coupelle reste solidaire du tampon jusqu'à leur introduction dans l'étui. Une feuille de papier, qui peut être préférence du papier recyclé, peut être intercalée entre la coupelle et extrémité du tampon à laquelle elle est fixée pour faciliter l'adhésion, en particulier lorsqu'un matériau poreux ou fragmenté est utilisé à l'extrémité du tampon.The bottom of the cup is attached to the pad by gluing, preferably using a natural and ideally biodegradable adhesive substance. One can for example use a glue based on casein or starch or cellulose. The adhesive power of the glue used can be moderate insofar as it suffices that the cup remains attached to the pad until they are introduced into the case. A sheet of paper, which may preferably be recycled paper, may be sandwiched between the cup and the end of the pad to which it is attached to facilitate adhesion, particularly when a porous or fragmented material is used at the end of the pad. buffer.
Ainsi, selon une caractéristique avantageuse de l'invention, la coupelle est fixée au tampon par collage sur une face d'extrémité, directement ou en intercalant une feuille de papier.Thus, according to an advantageous characteristic of the invention, the cup is fixed to the pad by gluing on one end face, directly or by inserting a sheet of paper.
Comme indiqué précédemment, la bourre grasse selon l'invention peut comporter un tampon et deux coupelles, chacune fixée à une des faces d'extrémité dudit tampon. Ce mode de réalisation est avantageux car il facilite grandement l'assemblage des cartouches du fait de la symétrie de la bourre. De manière surprenant, il a été observé que la présence d'une seconde coupelle ne créait aucune gêne du point de vue balistique, et notamment que les pressions exercées lors du tir ne provoquaient pas une ouverture et une friction de la seconde collerette. Au contraire, il est apparu que la seconde coupelle préservait l'uniformité de la poussée des projectiles, et pouvait même avoir un effet intéressant en jouant le rôle de concentrateur de gerbe, au moins pour les billes en contact avec celui-ci.As indicated above, the fatty wad according to the invention may comprise a pad and two cups, each fixed to one of the end faces of said pad. This embodiment is advantageous because it greatly facilitates the assembly of the cartridges due to the symmetry of the wad. Surprisingly, it was observed that the presence of a second cup created no discomfort from the ballistic point of view, and in particular that the pressures exerted during firing did not cause the second flange to open and to rub. On the contrary, it appeared that the second cup preserved the uniformity of the thrust of the projectiles, and could even have an interesting effect by acting as a shower concentrator, at least for the balls in contact with it.
Ainsi la présente invention concerne une bourre grasse telle que décrite précédemment, et dans laquelle chacune des deux faces d'extrémité du tampon est munie d'une coupelle en matériau plastiquement déformable, dont la collerette s'étend dans le prolongement dudit tampon à l'opposé de celui-ci. De manière particulièrement préférée, le tampon est muni de deux collerettes identiques dans leur composition et dans leurs dimensions.Thus the present invention relates to a fatty wad as described previously, and in which each of the two end faces of the pad is provided with a cup of plastically deformable material, the collar of which extends in the extension of said pad at the opposite of it. In a particularly preferred manner, the buffer is provided with two collars which are identical in their composition and in their dimensions.
En ce qui concerne maintenant plus particulièrement le tampon de la bourre grasse objet de l'invention, celui-ci peut être réalisé de différentes manières, incluant des variantes originales et des variantes connues similaires à des bourres grasses conventionnelles. Les matériaux biodégradables pouvant être utilisés pour fabriquer le tampon de la bourre grasse doivent être compressibles pour transmettre toute la force de l'explosion aux plombs sans les déformer, assurer une poussée uniforme sur la base du projectile et donner une gerbe très régulière.With regard now more particularly to the pad of the fatty wad object of the invention, the latter can be produced in different ways, including original variants and known variants similar to conventional fatty wads. The biodegradable materials that can be used to make the fat wad pad must be compressible to transmit all the force of the explosion to the pellets without deforming them, to ensure a uniform thrust on the base of the projectile and to give a very regular pattern.
Différents matériaux d'origine végétale ou animale peuvent convenir à cette fin. On peut par exemple utiliser des fibres végétales de lin, de coton ou autre, ou des fibres animales comme les feutres obtenus à partir de poils ou de laine prélevés sur divers animaux. Il est également possible de se tourner vers des matériaux transformés tels que les produits à base de cellulose (carton, papier) ou les agglomérats de sciure, liège ou autre.Various materials of plant or animal origin may be suitable for this purpose. It is possible, for example, to use plant fibers of flax, cotton or the like, or animal fibers such as felts obtained from hair or wool taken from various animals. It is also possible to turn to processed materials such as cellulose-based products (cardboard, paper) or sawdust, cork or other agglomerates.
Ces matériaux peuvent être mis en oeuvre de différentes manières, seuls ou combinés entre eux. Si un matériau unique est utilisé, le tampon pourra être réalisé en un seul bloc de matière, découpé dans une masse. Les matériaux tels que les feutres fabriqués par compression et foulage de fibres animales, peuvent être découpés en tronçons cylindriques aux dimensions adéquates. Pour faciliter la découpe du matériau, il est aussi possible de préparer des tranches cylindriques (ou rondelles) de bois, liège, ..., de moindre épaisseur et de les empiler jusqu'à obtenir un tampon de hauteur adéquate. Le tampon est alors formé de tranches collées entre elles, faites d'un même matériau ou de différents matériaux qui peuvent être alternés. On utilise de préférence pour le collage une substance adhésive naturelle, par exemple une colle biodégradable à base de caséine, d'amidon ou de cellulose.These materials can be implemented in different ways, alone or combined with each other. If a single material is used, the pad can be made from a single block of material, cut from a mass. Materials such as felts made by compressing and crushing animal fibers can be cut into cylindrical sections of the appropriate dimensions. To facilitate the cutting of the material, it is also possible to prepare cylindrical slices (or slices) of wood, cork, ..., of less thickness and stack them until obtaining a pad of adequate height. The pad is then formed of slices glued together, made of the same material or of different materials which can be alternated. A natural adhesive substance, for example a biodegradable glue based on casein, starch or cellulose, is preferably used for gluing.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le tampon peut être formé d'un matériau aggloméré, c'est-à-dire de fragments du matériau choisi, qui sont amalgamés par un liant. Par exemple, le tampon peut être formé de grains de liège résultant d'un broyage en granulés pouvant avoir diverses granulométries. Un tel tampon se désagrège rapidement en granulés de liège par dégradation du liant organique dont les micro-organismes sont friands. La décomposition microbiologique ultérieure des grains de liège ne produit pas de composés toxiques, le seul élément libéré étant du dioxyde de carbone. Cette utilisation du liège est d'autant plus vertueuse qu'elle permet de valoriser les déchets de la fabrication des bouchons et de recycler les bouchons usagés.According to another embodiment, the pad can be formed from an agglomerated material, that is to say fragments of the chosen material, which are amalgamated by a binder. For example, the pad can be formed from cork grains resulting from grinding into granules that can have various grain sizes. Such a buffer quickly disintegrates into cork granules by degradation of the organic binder which the micro-organisms are fond of. The subsequent microbiological decomposition of the cork grains does not produce toxic compounds, the only element released being carbon dioxide. This use of cork is all the more virtuous in that it makes it possible to recover waste from the manufacture of corks and to recycle used corks.
Le liant peut être choisi parmi les nombreuses substances connues, d'origine végétale ou animale telles que par exemple les gommes végétales, les amidons, le latex, les résines végétales, la caséine du lait, les celluloses, ou autre. Le liant peut aussi être choisi parmi les résines thermoplastiques communément mises en oeuvre dans la fabrication des lièges agglomérés. Dans la mesure où le liant représente généralement moins de 1 % de la masse du liège aggloméré, ce point n'est toutefois pas critique au regard de la biodégradabilité de la bourre grasse dans son ensemble.The binder can be chosen from the many known substances, of vegetable or animal origin such as for example vegetable gums, starches, latex, vegetable resins, milk casein, celluloses, or other. The binder can also be chosen from the thermoplastic resins commonly used in the manufacture of agglomerated corks. Insofar as the binder generally represents less than 1% of the mass of the agglomerated cork, this point is however not critical with regard to the biodegradability of the fatty fluff as a whole.
Ainsi, selon l'invention, le tampon peut comprendre un ou plusieurs matériaux choisis parmi du liège, du carton, du papier, des fibres de bois, du feutre, pris sous la forme d'un bloc, de tranches superposées, ou de fragments amalgamés par un liant.Thus, according to the invention, the pad can comprise one or more materials chosen from cork, cardboard, paper, wood fibers, felt, taken in the form of a block, superimposed slices, or fragments amalgamated by a binder.
Les bourres grasses selon l'invention peuvent être utilisées dans des munitions de différents types, ayant recours à des bourres de dimensions variables. C'est la longueur du tampon qui permettra d'ajuster la longueur totale de la bourre à la valeur souhaitée. C'est pourquoi, le tampon peut avoir une longueur axiale allant de 4 mm à 22 mm.The fatty wads according to the invention can be used in ammunition of different types, having recourse to wads of variable dimensions. It is the length of the pad that will adjust the total length of the padding to the desired value. This is why the buffer can have an axial length ranging from 4 mm to 22 mm.
La bourre grasse selon l'invention est comme il se doit "graissée", c'est-à-dire qu'elle est enduite d'une substance lubrifiante. On a vu que le graissage n'était pas suffisant à lui seul pour éviter une fuite des gaz de propulsion. Il y contribue toutefois en partie, et en outre il évite que la grenaille ne dépose des particules métalliques dans le canon à son passage, facilitant ainsi l'entretien de l'arme. C'est un avantage notable de la bourre grasse selon l'invention par rapport à des bourres en matières synthétiques qui ne peuvent pas être graissée pour éviter l'emplombage du canon, imposant un nettoyage fréquent.The fatty wad according to the invention is as it should be "greased", that is to say that it is coated with a lubricating substance. We have seen that lubrication alone is not sufficient to prevent the escape of propulsion gases. However, it contributes in part to this, and in addition it prevents the shot from depositing metallic particles in the barrel as it passes, thus facilitating the maintenance of the weapon. This is a notable advantage of the greasy wad according to the invention compared with wads made of synthetic materials which cannot be greased in order to prevent the barrel from being sealed, requiring frequent cleaning.
Le tampon peut être lubrifié sur toute sa surface, ou de préférence en partie seulement, sur sa face latérale cylindrique. Le produit lubrifiant peut être d'origine naturelle ou synthétique, pris pur ou en mélange. On le choisit parmi les composés dont le point de fusion est supérieur aux températures atmosphériques habituelles de sorte qu'il soit à l'état de graisse (solide), mais qu'il passe à l'état d'huile (liquéfié) dans les conditions de température du tir. On peut par exemple utiliser de la paraffine, de la cire d'abeille, de la vaseline, ou des produits du commerce connus des chasseurs, purs ou en mélange. Le lubrifiant représente moins de 1% de la masse totale du tampon.The pad can be lubricated over its entire surface, or preferably only partially, on its cylindrical side face. The lubricant product can be of natural or synthetic origin, taken pure or as a mixture. It is chosen from compounds whose melting point is higher than the usual atmospheric temperatures so that it is in the fat (solid) state, but changes to the oil (liquefied) state in the firing temperature conditions. One can for example use paraffin, beeswax, petroleum jelly, or commercial products known to hunters, pure or as a mixture. The lubricant represents less than 1% of the total mass of the tampon.
Le tampon peut ainsi être formé de 95% ou davantage, de matériaux biodégradables, de matériaux naturels décomposables ou d'un assemblage de ceux-ci. Lorsque les matériaux choisis sont naturellement décomposables, la fraction restante est de préférence constituée de matériaux biodégradables de sorte que le tampon ne crée pas de pollution rémanente du milieu environnant.The tampon can thus be formed from 95% or more of biodegradable materials, decomposable natural materials or an assemblage of these. When the materials chosen are naturally decomposable, the remaining fraction is preferably made up of biodegradable materials so that the buffer does not create residual pollution of the surrounding environment.
Finalement, on voit qu'un choix judicieux de matériaux permet de fabriquer une bourre grasse formée à plus de 98%, et même de 99% en poids de matériaux biodégradables ou décomposables. C'est le cas par exemple si on utilise une coupelle en carton, avec un tampon en liège aggloméré et feutre naturel. Les adjuvants de fabrication éventuels, le liant, la colle et le lubrifiant, ont peu d'impact même s'ils ne sont pas choisis pour leur caractère biodégradable et ont une rémanence assez longue. Ils représentent en effet une fraction infime de la pièce intermédiaire, généralement inférieure à 1%. Idéalement, on choisit des matériaux se dégradant à au moins 98%, voire totalement, en quelques semaines ou même en quelques jours.Finally, we see that a judicious choice of materials makes it possible to manufacture a fatty floss formed from more than 98%, and even 99% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials. This is the case, for example, if a cardboard cup is used, with an agglomerated cork pad and natural felt. Any manufacturing aids, the binder, the glue and the lubricant, have little impact even if they are not chosen for their biodegradable nature and have a fairly long persistence. They indeed represent a tiny fraction of the intermediate piece, generally less than 1%. Ideally, we choose materials that degrade to at least 98%, or even completely, in a few weeks or even in a few days.
C'est pourquoi est revendiquée une bourre grasse dans laquelle le tampon est formé d'au moins 99% en poids de matériaux biodégradables, de matériaux naturels décomposables ou d'un assemblage de ceux-ci, et la coupelle est formée d'au moins 99% en poids de matériaux biodégradables.This is why a fatty wad is claimed in which the pad is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials, of decomposable natural materials or of an assembly thereof, and the cup is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
On comprend aisément que la bourre grasse selon l'invention peut avoir des dimensions variables selon le diamètre de la munition à laquelle elle est destinée. Elle peut en outre être adaptée à la quantité et au calibre des plombs. Toutefois, le type d'armes concernées étant les armes à canon lisse utilisées essentiellement pour la chasse au gibier moyen ou pour le balltrap, dont les calibres vont de 10 à 36, il est recommandé de rester dans certaines proportions.It is easily understood that the fatty wad according to the invention can have variable dimensions depending on the diameter of the ammunition for which it is intended. It can also be adapted to the quantity and caliber of pellets. However, the type of weapons concerned being smooth-bore weapons used mainly for hunting medium game or for ball trapping, whose calibers range from 10 to 36, it is recommended to remain within certain proportions.
La bourre grasse telle que définie ci-dessus remplace avantageusement une bourre grasse conventionnelle car elle permet non seulement de ne pas générer des déchets polluant la nature mais aussi d'offrir une qualité de tir inégalée. Il s'est avéré en effet qu'elle est apte à transmettre efficacement aux plombs l'énergie induite par la pression des gaz de combustion de la poudre, en assurant une poussée régulière et sans déperdition d'énergie. L'étanchéité obtenue est excellente comme en atteste l'absence de traces noires sur la bourre après le tir (alors que pour les bourres en matière plastique, on relève des traces montant que du gaz s'est échappé). Les performances cinétiques en sont accrues de 15% à 20%, ce qui allonge l'efficacité du tir de 27 mètres à environ 35 mètres. On observe également un effet concentrateur de la gerbe pour les cartouches équipées de bourres à deux coupelles avec un coeur de gerbe mieux fourni. Il est apparu en outre que les cartouches équipées d'une telle bourre grasse peuvent être stockés sans dommage dans les conditions habituelles, à savoir dans leur boite de rangement, à l'abri de l'humidité.The fatty wad as defined above advantageously replaces a conventional fatty wad because it not only makes it possible not to generate waste polluting nature but also to offer an unequaled shooting quality. It has in fact been found that it is capable of effectively transmitting to the pellets the energy induced by the pressure of the combustion gases of the powder, while ensuring a regular thrust and without loss of energy. The sealing obtained is excellent as evidenced by the absence of black marks on the wad after firing (whereas for the plastic wads, there are traces amounting to gas escaping). The kinetic performance is increased by 15% to 20%, which extends the effectiveness of the shot from 27 meters to approximately 35 meters. A pattern-concentrating effect is also observed for cartridges equipped with two-cup wads with a better-provided pattern core. It has also appeared that the cartridges equipped with such a greasy wad can be stored without damage under the usual conditions, namely in their storage box, away from moisture.
La présente invention a également pour objet une munition destinée au tir au fusil dans le cadre d'activités sportives ou de loisir comme la chasse, le ball-trap ou autres, utilisant la pièce intermédiaire qui vient d'être décrite. Est ainsi revendiquée une cartouche pour fusil à canon lisse, comprenant une douille de forme générale cylindrique dont la partie arrière est montée dans un culot en métal, une charge explosive en contact avec une amorce, et un ensemble de projectiles sous forme de grenaille, cartouche dans laquelle la charge explosive et la grenaille sont séparées par une bourre grasse telle que décrite ci-dessus, ladite bourre grasse comportant un tampon et au moins une coupelle fixée à une des faces d'extrémité dudit tampon, ladite coupelle étant placée en appui contre la charge explosive de manière à constituer un obturateur lors du tir.The present invention also relates to ammunition intended for rifle shooting in the context of sports or leisure activities such as hunting, clay pigeon shooting or others, using the intermediate piece which has just been described. A cartridge for a smooth-bore shotgun is thus claimed, comprising a casing of generally cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal base, an explosive charge in contact with a primer, and a set of projectiles in the form of shot, cartridge in which the explosive charge and the shot are separated by a fatty wad as described above, said fatty wad comprising a plug and at least one cup fixed to one of the end faces of said plug, said cup being placed in abutment against the explosive charge so as to form a shutter during firing.
De manière préférée, dans la cartouche selon l'invention, ladite bourre grasse comporte une coupelle fixée à chacune des faces d'extrémité du tampon, dont l'une est placée en appui contre la charge explosive de manière à constituer un obturateur lors du tir.Preferably, in the cartridge according to the invention, said fatty wad comprises a cup fixed to each of the end faces of the buffer, one of which is placed in abutment against the explosive charge so as to constitute a shutter during firing. .
De manière particulièrement avantageuse, la cartouche comporte une bourre grasse telle que décrite, qui est réalisée en matériaux aptes à se dégrader ou à se décomposer au moins à 95% en poids dans le milieu naturel en moins de 25 jours. De préférence, les matériaux de la bourre grasse sont choisis de manière que la coupelle se dégrade en moins de 15 jours et que le tampon se décompose en fragments de matière naturelle inoffensive pour l'environnement, également en moins de 15 jours. La dégradation sera alors quasiment complète (à 98% ou plus) au bout de 25 jours. De tels matériaux sont par exemple du carton pour la réalisation de la coupelle, et un agglomérat de liège, de bois et/ou de feutre pour le tampon. Les fragments de liège ou de bois, non toxiques et peu ou pas repérables visuellement, se dégraderont à leur tour en quelques mois, par l'action tant des microorganismes que d'autres organismes vivants, tels qu'insectes, les rongeurs ....Particularly advantageously, the cartridge comprises a fatty wad as described, which is made of materials capable of degrading or decomposing at least 95% by weight in the natural environment in less than 25 days. Preferably, the materials of the fatty wad are chosen so that the cup degrades in less than 15 days and the pad breaks down into fragments of natural material harmless to the environment, also in less than 15 days. The degradation will be then almost complete (98% or more) after 25 days. Such materials are, for example, cardboard for making the cup, and an agglomerate of cork, wood and/or felt for the pad. Fragments of cork or wood, non-toxic and barely or not visually identifiable, will in turn degrade in a few months, by the action of both microorganisms and other living organisms, such as insects, rodents, etc. .
La bourre grasse selon l'invention est conçue pour permettre la fabrication efficace des cartouches la comprenant, selon un procédé qui fait également objet de la présente invention. Le procédé est caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend les étapes consistant à :
- former au moins une coupelle à partir d'une rondelle d'un matériau plastiquement déformable,
- fixer ladite au moins une coupelle sur une face d'extrémité d'un tampon cylindrique pour obtenir une bourre grasse selon l'invention,
- introduire dans une douille de forme générale cylindrique dont la partie arrière est montée dans un culot en métal, successivement et dans cet ordre : une charge explosive, ladite bourre grasse orientée de manière que ladite coupelle se trouve en appui contre la charge explosive, et de la grenaille, puis
- sertir la douille.
- forming at least one cup from a washer of a plastically deformable material,
- attaching said at least one cup to an end face of a cylindrical pad to obtain a fatty wad according to the invention,
- introduce into a casing of generally cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal base, successively and in this order: an explosive charge, said fatty wad oriented so that said cup is resting against the explosive charge, and the shot, then
- crimp the socket.
De manière particulièrement préférée, on utilise une bourre dotée de deux coupelles, selon un procédé de fabrication d'une cartouche comprenant les étapes consistant à :
- former deux coupelles à partir de rondelles d'un matériau plastiquement déformable,
- fixer chaque coupelle sur une face d'extrémité d'un tampon cylindrique pour obtenir une bourre grasse à deux coupelles selon l'invention,
- introduire dans une douille de forme générale cylindrique dont la partie arrière est montée dans un culot en métal, successivement et dans cet ordre : une charge explosive, ladite bourre grasse orientée de manière quelconque, une desdites coupelles se trouvant en appui contre la charge explosive, et de la grenaille, puis
- sertir la douille.
- forming two cups from washers of a plastically deformable material,
- fix each cup on an end face of a cylindrical pad to obtain a fatty wad with two cups according to the invention,
- introduce into a socket of generally cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal base, successively and in this order: an explosive charge, said fatty wad oriented in any way, one of said cups resting against the explosive charge, and shot, then
- crimp the socket.
Dans ce cas, l'alimentation des machines se fait sans contrainte du sens d'introduction de la bourre grasse.In this case, the feeding of the machines is done without constraint of the direction of introduction of the fatty wad.
La présente invention sera mieux comprise, et des détails en relevant apparaîtront, à la lumière de la description qui va être faite de différentes variantes de réalisation, en relation avec les figures annexées, dans lesquelles :
- [
Fig. 1a ] est une vue en perspective d'une bourre grasse à une coupelle selon l'invention. - [
Fig. 1b ] est une vue en coupe de cette même bourre grasse. - [
Fig. 2a ] est une vue en perspective d'une bourre grasse à deux coupelles selon l'invention. - [
Fig. 2b ] est une vue en coupe de cette même bourre grasse. - [
Fig. 3 ] est une vue en coupe d'une autre bourre grasse à deux coupelles selon l'invention. - [
Fig. 4 ] est une représentation en coupe d'une cartouche équipée d'une bourre grasse selon l'invention.
- [
Fig. 1a ] is a perspective view of a fat wad with a cup according to the invention. - [
Fig. 1b ] is a sectional view of this same fatty wad. - [
Fig. 2a ] is a perspective view of a fat wad with two cups according to the invention. - [
Fig. 2b ] is a sectional view of this same fatty wad. - [
Fig. 3 ] is a cross-sectional view of another fat wad with two cups according to the invention. - [
Fig. 4 ] is a sectional representation of a cartridge fitted with a fatty wad according to the invention.
La bourre grasse telle que représentée aux
La coupelle 2 est fixée solidairement à une face d'extrémité du tampon 1. Elle comporte le fond 21 et la collerette 22 qui s'étend depuis le fond 21 jusqu'à une bordure 23 circulaire libre, selon une orientation en prolongement du tampon 1, à l'opposé de celui-ci. Une rondelle de carton de 1 mm d'épaisseur a été emboutie pour obtenir la coupelle 2, dont le fond 21 a un diamètre Df, légèrement inférieur à Dt. La collerette 22 s'élève sur 3 mm en s'évasant légèrement pour atteindre un diamètre Db un peu supérieur à Dt. La face externe du fond 21 a été encollée à l'aide de colle cellulosique et fixée sur la face d'extrémité 11 du tampon 1. Le carton est un matériau de choix pour répondre aux objectifs visés. Il est résistant tout en ayant une certaine plasticité qui lui permet de s'adapter à la forme de la douille 10, et évite qu'il se déchire lors de la poussée des gaz. Il est par ailleurs hydrophile, du moins quand n'a pas été soumis à des traitements particuliers, de sorte qu'il absorbe l'humidité ambiante de toute origine : flaques, averses, brouillard, rosée matinale. Il est de ce fait digéré rapidement par les microorganismes se développant sur la cellulose des sites naturels. La coupelle en carton est ainsi biodégradable à 100% et elle disparait totalement en environ trois semaines après le tir, voire moins si les conditions sont favorables, quand elle est laissée dans un pré ou dans un bois.The
La bourre grasse selon le mode de réalisation ci-dessus est apte à se décomposer à hauteur de 99% en moins d'un mois.The fatty fluff according to the embodiment above is capable of decomposing up to 99% in less than a month.
La bourre grasse telle que représentée aux
La bourre grasse telle que représentée à la
La cartouche 100 représentée à la
On fabrique d'abord des coupelles 2, en découpant des rondelles de carton à l'aide d'une poinçonneuse, puis on les forme par emboutissage. On obtient des coupelles dont la collerette est sensiblement tronconique, avec une bordure libre quasiment circulaire. Le carton conserve la forme qui lui est ainsi conférée durant les manipulations ultérieures. Des tampons 1 sont encollées à leurs deux extrémités et reçoivent chacun une coupelle 2. Les bourres grasses ainsi obtenues peuvent être stockées jusqu'au moment de la fabrication des cartouches 100.We first make
Durant la fabrication d'une cartouche 100, on introduit d'abord dans une douille 10 successivement et dans cet ordre :
- la charge explosive 20,
- une bourre grasse telle qu'assemblée selon le procédé ci-dessus, qu'on introduit indifféremment dans un sens ou dans l'autre, et
- la
grenaille 30.
-
explosive charge 20, - a fatty wad as assembled according to the above process, which is introduced indifferently in one direction or the other, and
- shot 30.
On sertit ensuite la douille 10 pour fermer la cartouche 100. Une des coupelles se trouve en appui contre la charge explosive 20, tandis que l'autre est tournée vers la grenaille 30. Quand la poudre est enfoncée dans la douille 10, on exerce une certaine pression qui va tasser la poudre contre la collerette 2. Celle-ci s'évase transversalement jusqu'à prendre appui sur la paroi de la douille. Lors du tir la pression augmente drastiquement de sorte que la collerette prend un appui nettement plus marqué sur la douille en jouant le rôle d'obturateur. On évite alors la perte de pression lors du tir et on obtient une poussé uniforme.The
Claims (14)
- Fat wadding intended to be placed in the case (10) of a cartridge (100) between the explosive charge (20) and the shot (30), said fat wadding comprising a cylindrical buffer (1) of diameter Dt, adapted to be inserted slidingly in the case (10) of said cartridge, said buffer having two end faces (11, 12) at least one of which is provided with a cup (2) made of plastically deformable material comprising a bottom (21) fixed to said face and a collar (22) extending from the bottom (21) in the extension of said buffer up to a circular edge (23) adapted to be in contact with the inner face of the case (10), said fat wadding consisting of at least 95% by weight of biodegradable or decomposable materials.
- Fat wadding according to claim 1, characterised in that the collar (22) of the cu (2) has a cylindrical or slightly flared shape from the bottom (21) to the edge (23).
- Fat wadding according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the bottom (21) of the cup (2) fixed to said face of the buffer (1) has a diameter Df such that Dt ≥ Df ≥ 0.9xDt, and the edge of the cup has a diameter Db such that 1.1×Dt ≥ Db ≥ Dt.
- Fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the circular collar (22) extends over a length of 2mm to 4mm.
- Fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cup (2) consists of a cardboard disc of thickness going from 0.8mm to 1.2mm.
- Fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the cup (2) is fixed to the buffer (1) by bonding on an end face, directly or by inserting a sheet of paper.
- Fat wadding according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that each of the two end faces (11, 12) of the buffer (1) is provided with a cup (2', 2") made of plastically deformable material, the collar of which extends in the extension of said buffer opposite it.
- Fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the buffer (1) comprises one or more materials chosen from among cork, cardboard, paper, wood fibres, felt, taken in the form of a block, superposed slices, or fragments amalgamated by a binder.
- Fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the buffer (1) is coated over all or some of its surface with a lubricating product.
- Fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the buffer (1) is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials, decomposable natural materials, or an assembly of these, and the cup is formed of at least 99% by weight of biodegradable materials.
- Cartridge for shotgun comprising a case (10) of general cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal cap (40), an explosive charge (20) in contact with a primer (42), and a set of projectiles in the form of shots (30), said cartridge being characterised in that said explosive charge and the shot are separated by a fat wadding according to one of the preceding claims, said fat wadding comprising a buffer (1) and at least one cup (2) fixed to one of the end faces (11, 12) of said buffer, said cup being placed bearing against the explosive charge (20) so as to constitute a shutter when shooting.
- Cartridge according to the preceding claim, characterised in that said fat wadding comprises a cup (2) fixed to each of the end faces (11, 12) of the buffer (1), one of which is placed bearing against the explosive charge (20) so as to constitute a shutter when shooting.
- Method for manufacturing a cartridge (100) according to one of claims 11 or 12, characterised in that it comprises steps consisting of:- forming at least one cup (2) from a disc of a plastically deformable material,- fixing said at least one cup on an end face (11, 12) of a cylindrical buffer (1) to obtain a fat wadding according to one of claims 1 to 10,- introducing in a case (10) of general shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal cap (40), successively and in this order: an explosive charge (20), said fat wadding oriented such that said cup bears against said explosive charge, and the shot (30), then- crimping the case (10).
- Method for manufacturing a cartridge (100) according to the preceding claim, characterised in that it comprises steps consisting of:- forming two cups (2', 2") from discs of a plastically deformable material,- fixing each cup on an end face (11, 12) of a cylindrical buffer (1) to obtain a two-cup fat wadding according to one of claims 1 to 10,- introducing in a case (10) of general cylindrical shape, the rear part of which is mounted in a metal cap (40), successively and in this order: an explosive charge (20), said fat wadding oriented in any manner, one of said cups bearing against said explosive charge, and the shot (30), then - crimping the case (10).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR2002247A FR3107952B1 (en) | 2020-03-05 | 2020-03-05 | BIODEGRADABLE GREASE WADDING WITH SHUTTER FOR SHOTGUN CARTRIDGE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3875887A1 EP3875887A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
EP3875887B1 true EP3875887B1 (en) | 2023-02-22 |
Family
ID=70978138
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP21160413.7A Active EP3875887B1 (en) | 2020-03-05 | 2021-03-03 | Biodegradable fat wad with shutter for rifle cartridge |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3875887B1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3107952B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
IT202200014962A1 (en) | 2022-07-15 | 2024-01-15 | Lb Plast S R L | WAD FOR CARTRIDGES WITH BIODEGRADABILITY CHARACTERISTICS IN SOIL |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1122852A (en) * | 1955-04-20 | 1956-09-13 | Wad for hunting cartridges and cartridges comprising such a wad | |
FR1193324A (en) * | 1958-03-15 | 1959-11-02 | Rey Freres | Improvements to hunting cartridges |
FR1258333A (en) * | 1960-03-01 | 1961-04-14 | Hunting cartridge | |
FR2741627B1 (en) | 1995-11-27 | 1997-12-19 | Poudres & Explosifs Ste Nale | FULLY BIODEGRADABLE COMPOSITIONS USEFUL FOR MAKING HUNTING AND SHOOTING CARTRIDGES |
CA3021981C (en) | 2015-04-30 | 2021-10-26 | Bioammo, S.L. | Biodegradable shotgun cartridge |
FR3083599B1 (en) * | 2018-07-05 | 2020-08-14 | Shoot Hunting Outdoor | BIODEGRADABLE BUCKET HOLDER FOR RIFLE CARTRIDGE |
-
2020
- 2020-03-05 FR FR2002247A patent/FR3107952B1/en active Active
-
2021
- 2021-03-03 EP EP21160413.7A patent/EP3875887B1/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3875887A1 (en) | 2021-09-08 |
FR3107952A1 (en) | 2021-09-10 |
FR3107952B1 (en) | 2022-03-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP3818324B1 (en) | Biodegradable wadding cup for a shotgun cartridge | |
CA2145950C (en) | Projectile, especially a non-lethal bullet | |
EP3875887B1 (en) | Biodegradable fat wad with shutter for rifle cartridge | |
FR2704053A1 (en) | Cartridge in two separable parts. | |
EP2115383A1 (en) | Non-lethal ballistic projectile with luminous marking of the impact area | |
WO1993013382A1 (en) | Bullet fragment retaining socket tube for rifle grenades | |
EP3303983A1 (en) | Kinetic and/or incapacitating projectile having high energy absorption | |
EP1728042B1 (en) | Fragmentable grenade | |
EP0103509A1 (en) | Non-lethal shotgun cartridge | |
WO2015033081A1 (en) | Hunting ammunition comprising a biodegradable thermoplastic composition | |
EP0407288B1 (en) | Training projectile for an automatically or hand-operated firearm | |
EP2195605A1 (en) | Marking paint ball and method for making same | |
EP1103780B1 (en) | Connection device between a missile and a cartridge case and method for mounting an obturator bei means of said device | |
EP3867593B1 (en) | Shotgun cartridge obturator, method for preparing a cartridge equipped with said obturator and equipped cartridge | |
FR2762385A1 (en) | Projectile with low impact energy for dissuasion or marking target | |
FR2465186A1 (en) | Reinforcement for ballistic screen - has very hard granules of mineral origin tightly packed in resin layer on surface of screen | |
EP3111156B1 (en) | Cartridge ammunition comprising multiple lead-free projectiles interconnected by a metallic line | |
FR3090084A1 (en) | PROJECTILE FOR FIREARMS OR COMPRESSED AIR FOR LIQUID OR POWDER CARRYING | |
WO2008148983A2 (en) | Fragmentation grenade and method for making a set of projectiles | |
FR2475210A1 (en) | IMPROVEMENTS ON BULLETS FOR FIREARMS | |
FR2849179A1 (en) | AMMUNITION WITHOUT SOCKET AND METHOD FOR MOUNTING SUCH AMMUNITION | |
FR2641606A1 (en) | Improved bullet which can be used, for example, in firearms | |
FR2787567A1 (en) | Ammunition for antique percussion firearm has projectile in one end of case containing wadding and powder and closed at other end by cap | |
FR2683626A1 (en) | Reversible gas-generating grenade | |
BE385366A (en) |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 20220225 |
|
RBV | Designated contracting states (corrected) |
Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
RIC1 | Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant |
Ipc: F42B 7/08 20060101AFI20220803BHEP |
|
GRAP | Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED |
|
INTG | Intention to grant announced |
Effective date: 20220920 |
|
GRAS | Grant fee paid |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: GB Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: NOT ENGLISH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: EP |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: REF Ref document number: 1549759 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20230315 Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: FG4D Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: FRENCH |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R096 Ref document number: 602021001428 Country of ref document: DE |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: LT Ref legal event code: MG9D |
|
P01 | Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered |
Effective date: 20230524 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: NL Ref legal event code: MP Effective date: 20230222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: AT Ref legal event code: MK05 Ref document number: 1549759 Country of ref document: AT Kind code of ref document: T Effective date: 20230222 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: RS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: PT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230622 Ref country code: NO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230522 Ref country code: NL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: LV Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: LT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: HR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: ES Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: AT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: PL Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: IS Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230622 Ref country code: GR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230523 Ref country code: FI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: DE Ref legal event code: R119 Ref document number: 602021001428 Country of ref document: DE |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SM Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: RO Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: EE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: DK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: CZ Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SK Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: BE Ref legal event code: MM Effective date: 20230331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: LU Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230303 |
|
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: IE Ref legal event code: MM4A |
|
26N | No opposition filed |
Effective date: 20231123 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: SI Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: MC Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 Ref country code: IE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230303 Ref country code: DE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20231003 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: BE Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 20230331 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: IT Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT Effective date: 20230222 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 20240402 Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: CH Ref legal event code: PL |