EP3874081B1 - Composant composite contenant un liant de polychloroprène et / ou polyuréthane - Google Patents

Composant composite contenant un liant de polychloroprène et / ou polyuréthane Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3874081B1
EP3874081B1 EP19797220.1A EP19797220A EP3874081B1 EP 3874081 B1 EP3874081 B1 EP 3874081B1 EP 19797220 A EP19797220 A EP 19797220A EP 3874081 B1 EP3874081 B1 EP 3874081B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
aqueous composition
weight
binder
dispersion
composite component
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EP19797220.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3874081A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Kueker
Martin Melchiors
Michael Janz
Anton Naue
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Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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Covestro Intellectual Property GmbH and Co KG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/04—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/587—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives characterised by the bonding agents used
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/58—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives
    • D04H1/64—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions
    • D04H1/641—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by applying, incorporating or activating chemical or thermoplastic bonding agents, e.g. adhesives the bonding agent being applied in wet state, e.g. chemical agents in dispersions or solutions characterised by the chemical composition of the bonding agent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/0086—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique
    • D06N3/0088—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof characterised by the application technique by directly applying the resin
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N3/00—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof
    • D06N3/12—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins
    • D06N3/14—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes
    • D06N3/142—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes mixture of polyurethanes with other resins in the same layer
    • D06N3/144—Artificial leather, oilcloth or other material obtained by covering fibrous webs with macromolecular material, e.g. resins, rubber or derivatives thereof with macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. gelatine proteins with polyurethanes mixture of polyurethanes with other resins in the same layer with polyurethane and polymerisation products, e.g. acrylics, PVC

Definitions

  • Lightweight composite components are for example from the EP 2 933 136 A1 known.
  • Such composite components consist, among other things, of a fleece and a binding agent.
  • ordinary composite components often contain a thermosetting binder.
  • a three-dimensional stochastic fiber composite material bound with duroplastic binders are not point-elastic.
  • the material of the fiber is severely limited and is formed of polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the arrangement of the material to the surface area always requires a fleece and to create comfort, for example in seat shells an additional comfort insert. This special composite material does not meet the requirement for good shaping due to its poor drapability.
  • DE 3325163 A1 discloses a method of making a composite sheet material comprising applying an aqueous composition containing a polychloroprene dispersion to a web, coagulating the composition by heating, and densifying the web with heating.
  • the composition preferably does not contain any emulsifiers or thickeners.
  • One object of the present invention is therefore to provide lightweight composite components that can be brought into their final form by short pressing times, preferably less than 10 seconds, and can do without an additional comfort insert. Furthermore, it is desirable that the composite components have low emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC).
  • VOC volatile organic compounds
  • the inventors of the present invention found that the composite components obtained in this way not only solve the problems mentioned above, but also that they can be bonded well and remain vacuum-capable, ie further lamination is easily possible. Furthermore, it was surprisingly found that with the specific binder of the present invention, subsequent reshaping is possible by means of high pressure and/or the application of heat. In addition, further welding or riveting processes and also spraying processes are possible.
  • the invention relates to a composite component which can be obtained by the method according to the invention.
  • the invention relates to an object containing the composite component or consisting of the composite component of the present invention.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composite component according to the present invention as part of an interior trim, a sun visor, a carrier part, a 2- or 3-dimensional soundproofing panel, a 3-dimensional pressure component, an upholstery material, a collision protection, a seat shell and shock insulation.
  • the invention relates to the use of an aqueous composition which contains a polychloroprene dispersion and/or a polyurethane dispersion as defined in the present invention as a binder for composite components.
  • At least one refers to 1 or more, for example 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or more. In the context of the invention described herein, this statement does not refer to the absolute amount or number of a molecule or component, but on the type of component. "At least one additive” therefore means, for example, that at least one type of additive is present, but two or more different types of additives can also be present. At least one does not refer to the amount of additive molecules present in the composition.
  • the composite component contains a thermoplastic binder which is obtained by coagulating an aqueous composition which contains a polychloroprene dispersion and/or a polyurethane dispersion, also simply referred to below as aqueous composition.
  • the coagulation takes place either with the help of a coagulant, by heating, or by both.
  • Suitable coagulants are known to those skilled in the art of polychloroprene dispersions and/or polyurethane dispersions.
  • Salt solutions are preferred, in particular aqueous salt solutions, which particularly preferably contain CaCl 2 . Most preferred is a 2 to 5% by weight aqueous salt, especially CaCl 2 , solution.
  • the coagulant is preferably applied by spraying, dipping or injection. Brushing, pouring, squeegeeing and rolling are also possible.
  • temperatures of 80 to 220° C. are preferred.
  • a coagulant is both used and subsequent heating is performed.
  • the aqueous composition is applied to at least one fleece.
  • Techniques common in the art can be used for this.
  • Application by spraying the fleece with the aqueous composition is suitable, for example; injecting the aqueous composition, or immersing the mat in the aqueous composition. Brushing, pouring, squeegeeing and rolling are also possible. However, spraying, injecting and dipping are preferred.
  • the application can preferably take place at temperatures from -5°C to 80°C, preferably at 5°C to 45°C, more preferably 10°C to 35°C, most preferably 20 to 30°C.
  • the composition can additionally be blown into the nonwoven by means of compressed air after it has been applied to the nonwoven.
  • aqueous compositions containing a polychloroprene dispersion and/or a polyurethane dispersion are described below.
  • Polychloroprene dispersions suitable according to the invention are prepared by emulsion polymerization of chloroprene and, if appropriate, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer that can be copolymerized with chloroprene in an alkaline medium, such as, for example, B. disclosed in the WO-A 02/24825 (p. 3, line 26-p. 7, line 4), DE-A 30 02 734 (p. 8, line 23 - p. 12, line 9), US-A 5,773,544 (col. 2, line 9 to col. 4, line 45) or WO 2009/027013 A .
  • Particularly preferred are polychloroprene dispersions that are produced by continuous polymerization, such as. B described in the WO 02/24825 A , Example 2 and DE 3 002 734 Example 6, where the regulator content can be varied between 0.01% and 0.3%.
  • the at least one polychloroprene contained in the polychloroprene dispersion a) has a Shore A value of 10 to 100, preferably 30 to 95, more preferably 60 to 90. Mixtures of 2 or more different polychloroprenes are used; In an alternative embodiment, all of the polychloroprenes present in the polychloroprene dispersion a) have a Shore A value of from 10 to 100, preferably from 15 to 95.
  • the polychloroprene is an anionic polychloroprene.
  • it has a pH of from 8 to 14, particularly preferably from 9 to 13, most preferably from 10 to 13, measured according to DIN ISO 976:2013.
  • the determination can be carried out using an 826 pH mobile pH meter from Metrohm; the LL Protrode WOC from Metrohm can be used as a single-rod measuring electrode.
  • the accuracy of the measurement can be increased by determining a single sample 20 times over and averaging the results obtained.
  • pH is in the range from 10 to 13
  • increased storage stability of the aqueous composition is achieved.
  • pH values below 8 can cause the aqueous composition or adhesive to set too quickly, which can lead to quality problems in warmer months.
  • the proportion of the respective components is based on the total weight of the non-volatile fractions of the aqueous composition, the sum of the components of the aqueous composition a) to e) being 100% by weight.
  • the Shore A value is determined as described in DIN ISO 7619-2010 using a Zwick 3114 durometer type A (hardness A - 2.5 N).
  • Aqueous polyurethane dispersions which are used in adhesives for demanding industrial applications such as, for example, in shoe manufacture, the bonding of parts for motor vehicle interiors, film lamination or the bonding of textile substrates are known.
  • the dispersions referred to in connection with the present invention as polyurethane dispersions contain polymers as the disperse phase, which can be polyurethanes in the narrower sense, i.e. those polymers which are obtained by polymerization of polyols and polyisocyanates, but it can also be those in which as assembly components mono- and/or diamines can also be used, optionally as chain extenders.
  • polymers as the disperse phase
  • polymers which can be polyurethanes in the narrower sense, i.e. those polymers which are obtained by polymerization of polyols and polyisocyanates, but it can also be those in which as assembly components mono- and/or diamines can also be used, optionally as chain extenders.
  • both pure aqueous polyurethane and polyurethane-urea dispersions are used as polyurethane dispersions that can be used according to the invention.
  • polyurethane dispersions which contain partially crystalline segments and can be processed by the thermal activation process.
  • the thermal activation process the dispersion is applied to the substrate and after the water has completely evaporated, the adhesive layer is activated by heating, e.g. with an infrared radiator, and converted into an adhesive state.
  • the temperature at which the adhesive film becomes tacky is called the activation temperature.
  • the aqueous polyurethane or polyurethane-urea dispersion preferably used contains a polymer A) as the disperse phase, which is partially crystalline or crystalline after drying.
  • a polymer is referred to as partially crystalline or crystalline if it exhibits a melting peak in the DSC measurement according to DIN 65467 at a heating rate of 20 K/min.
  • the melting peak is caused by the melting of regular partial structures in the polymer.
  • the melting temperature of the polymers or polymer layers obtained from the formulations according to the invention is preferably in a range from 35°C to 80°C, particularly preferably from 40°C to 70°C, very particularly preferably from 42°C to 55°C.
  • the enthalpy of fusion of the polymer layers obtained from the formulations according to the invention is ⁇ 35 J/g, preferably ⁇ 40 J/g, particularly preferably ⁇ 45 J/g.
  • the first heating is evaluated in order to also detect slow-crystallizing polymers.
  • the polymer A is particularly preferably composed of
  • the aqueous dispersions according to the invention preferably contain 15 to 60% by weight polymer and 40 to 85% water, preferably 30 to 50% by weight polymer and 50 to 70% by weight water, particularly preferably 38 to 52% by weight polymer and 48 to 62% by weight water.
  • the polymer preferably contains 50 to 95% by weight of component A(i), 0 to 10% by weight of component A(ii), 4 to 25% by weight of component A(iii), 0.5 to 10% by weight of component A(iv) and 0 to 30% by weight of component A(v), the sum of the components being 100% by weight.
  • the polymer contains 65 to 92% by weight of component A(i), 0 to 5% by weight of component A(ii), 6 to 15% by weight of component A(iii) , 0.5 to 5% by weight of component A(iv) and 0 to 25% by weight of component A(v), the sum of the components being 100% by weight.
  • the polymer contains 75 to 92% by weight of component A(i)), 0 to 5% by weight of component A(ii), 8 to 15% by weight of component A( iii), 0.5 to 4% by weight of component A(iv) and 0 to 15% by weight of component A(v), the sum of the components being 100% by weight.
  • the polymer contains 80 to 90% by weight of component A(i), 0 to 3% by weight of component A(ii), 8 to 14% by weight of component A( iii), 0.5 to 3% by weight of component A(iv) and 0 to 10% by weight of component A(v), the sum of the components being 100% by weight.
  • Particularly suitable crystalline or partially crystalline difunctional polyester polyols A(i) are linear or also slightly branched polyester polyols which are based on dicarboxylic acids and/or derivatives thereof, such as anhydrides, esters or acid chlorides and preferably aliphatic, linear polyols. Also mixtures of dicarboxylic acids and/or their derivatives are suitable. Suitable dicarboxylic acids are, for example, adipic acid, succinic acid, sebacic acid or dodecanedioic acid. Succinic acid, adipic acid and sebacic acid and mixtures thereof are preferred, succinic acid and adipic acid and mixtures thereof are particularly preferred, and adipic acid is very particularly preferred. These are used in amounts of at least 90 mol %, preferably from 95 to 100 mol %, based on the total amount of all carboxylic acids.
  • the difunctional polyester polyols A(i) can be prepared, for example, by polycondensation of dicarboxylic acids with polyols.
  • the polyols preferably have a molecular weight of 62 to 399 g/mol, consist of 2 to 12 carbon atoms, are preferably unbranched, difunctional and preferably have primary OH groups.
  • polyester polyols A(i) examples include polyhydric alcohols, such as ethanediol, di-, tri-, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, di-, tri-, tetrapropylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4- Dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol or mixtures thereof.
  • polyhydric alcohols such as ethanediol, di-, tri-, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-prop
  • Preferred polyol components for the polyester polyols A(i) are 1,2-ethanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol are particularly preferred, and 1-butanediol is very particularly preferred ,4.
  • the polyester polyols A(i) can be built up from one or more polyols. In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, they are composed of only one polyol.
  • the polymer produced using the same regularly has a heat of fusion of ⁇ 35 J /G.
  • adjustment of the heat of fusion of the polymer can be achieved by slightly changing the level of polyester polyol A(i) in the composition or by slightly varying the heat of fusion of the polyester polyol.
  • polyester polyols A(i) The preparation of polyester polyols A(i) is known from the prior art.
  • the number-average molecular weight of the polyester polyols A(i) is preferably between 400 and 4000 g/mol, more preferably between 1000 and 3000 g/mol, particularly preferably between 1500 and 2500 g/mol, very particularly preferably between 1800 and 2400 g/mol.
  • the number-average molecular weight is determined, for example, by means of GPC measurements using polystyrene standards.
  • the melting temperature of the crystalline or partially crystalline polyester polyols is generally at least 35.degree. C., preferably between 40 and 80.degree. C., particularly preferably between 42 and 60.degree. C. and very particularly preferably between 45 and 52.degree.
  • the heat of fusion is ⁇ 35 J/g, preferably ⁇ 40 J/g and particularly preferably ⁇ 50 J/g.
  • Difunctional polyol components suitable as structural component A(ii) and having a molecular weight of 62 to 399 g/mol are, for example, the polyols mentioned for the preparation of the polyester polyols A(i).
  • low molecular weight polyester diols, polyether diols, polycarbonate diols or other polymer diols are also suitable, provided they have a molecular weight of 62 to 399 g/mol.
  • Any organic compounds which have at least two free isocyanate groups per molecule are suitable as structural components A(iii).
  • diisocyanates which are preferably used are tetramethylene diisocyanate, methylpentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, 1,4-diisocyanatocyclohexane, 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane, 4,4'-diisocyanatodicyclohexyl -methane, 4,4'-diisocyanato-dicyclohexylpropane-(2,2), 1,4-diisocyanatobenzene, 2,4-diisocyanatotoluene, 2,6-diisocyanatotoluene, 4,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, 2,2'- and 2,4'-diisocyanatodiphenylmethane, tetramethylxylylene diis
  • polyisocyanates of higher functionality known per se in polyurethane chemistry or modified polyisocyanates known per se, for example polyisocyanates containing carbodiimide groups, allophanate groups, isocyanurate groups, urethane groups and/or biuret groups.
  • polyisocyanates which contain heteroatoms in the radical linking the isocyanate groups and/or have a functionality of more than 2 isocyanate groups per molecule are also suitable.
  • the former are, for example, polyisocyanates produced by modifying simple aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, araliphatic and/or aromatic diisocyanates and made up of at least two diisocyanates with uretdione, isocyanurate, urethane, allophanate, biuret, carbodiimide, iminooxadiazinedione and/or Oxadiazinetrione structure.
  • An example of an unmodified polyisocyanate having more than 2 isocyanate groups per molecule is 4-isocyanatomethyl-1,8-octane diisocyanate (nonane triisocyanate).
  • Particularly preferred structural components A(iii) are hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane (IPDI) and mixtures thereof.
  • HDI hexamethylene diisocyanate
  • IPDI 1-isocyanato-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane
  • Preferred isocyanate-reactive components A(iv) which carry at least one ionic or potentially ionic group are mono- and dihydroxycarboxylic acids, mono- and diaminocarboxylic acids, mono- and dihydroxysulfonic acids, mono- and diaminosulfonic acids and mono- and dihydroxyphosphonic acids or mono- and diaminophosphonic acids and their alkali and ammonium salts.
  • Examples are dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, hydroxypivalic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-(3-alanine, N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanecarboxylic acid, ethylenediaminopropyl- or -butylsulfonic acid, 1,2- or 1,3-propylenediamine-ß-ethylsulfonic acid, malic acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, lactic acid, glycine, alanine, taurine, lysine, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, an addition product of IPDI and acrylic acid ( EP-A 0 916 647 , Example 1) and its alkali metal and/or ammonium salts; the adduct of sodium bisulfite with butene-2-diol-1
  • Sodium, potassium, lithium and calcium hydroxide and tertiary amines such as triethylamine, dimethylcyclohexylamine and ethyldiisopropylamine are well suited for salt formation.
  • Other amines can also be used for salt formation, such as ammonia, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, dimethylethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, and aminomethylpropanol Mixtures of these and other amines. It makes sense for these amines to be added only after the isocyanate groups have largely reacted.
  • component A(iv) Also suitable as component A(iv) are building blocks which can be converted into cationic groups by adding acids, such as N-methyldiethanolamine.
  • Particularly preferred components A(iv) are those which have carboxy and/or carboxylate and/or sulfonate groups.
  • the sodium salts of N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid and N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanecarboxylic acid, in particular N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, are very particularly preferred.
  • the salts of dimethylolpropionic acid are also very particularly preferred.
  • Components A(v) which are reactive toward isocyanates can be, for example, polyoxyalkylene ethers which contain at least one hydroxyl or amino group.
  • the frequently used polyalkylene oxide polyether alcohols can be obtained in a manner known per se by alkoxylating suitable starter molecules.
  • Alkylene oxides suitable for the alkoxylation reaction are, in particular, ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, which can be used individually or else together in the alkoxylation reaction.
  • components A(v) that are reactive toward isocyanate are, for example, monoamines, diamines and/or polyamines and mixtures thereof.
  • Examples of monoamines are aliphatic and/or alicyclic primary and/or secondary monoamines such as ethylamine, diethylamine, the isomeric propyl and butylamines, higher linear aliphatic monoamines and cycloaliphatic monoamines such as cyclohexylamine.
  • Other examples are amino alcohols, ie compounds containing amino and hydroxyl groups in one molecule, such as. B. ethanolamine, N-methylethanolamine, diethanolamine or 2-propanolamine.
  • diamines examples include 1,2-ethanediamine, 1,6-hexamethylenediamine, 1-amino-3,3,5-trimethyl-5-aminomethylcyclohexane (isophoronediamine), piperazine, 1,4-diaminocyclohexane and bis-( 4-amino-cyclohexyl)-methane.
  • Adipic acid dihydrazide, hydrazine or hydrazine hydrate are also suitable.
  • Other examples are amino alcohols, ie compounds containing amino and hydroxyl groups in one molecule, such as.
  • 1,3-diamino-2-propanol N-(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine or N,N-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)ethylenediamine.
  • polyamines are diethylene triamine and triethylene tetramine.
  • the polymer according to the invention contains at least one monoamine and/or at least one diamine as isocyanate-reactive component A(v) for adjusting the molar mass.
  • component (a) can be a dispersion (a1) based on one or more polychloroprene polymers, a dispersion (a2) based on one or more polyurethane and/or polyurea polymers, or mixtures of (a1) and ( a2) are used.
  • the aqueous composition for use in the present invention contains at least one thickener. Suitable thickeners are described, for example, in W. Heilen et al. "Additives for aqueous paint systems, Vincentz-Verlag Hanover, ISBN 978-3-86630-845-9, page 61 ff .
  • Suitable thickeners are, for example, in amounts of 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the non-volatile components of the aqueous composition, preferably selected from the group consisting of polyacrylic acids, water-soluble polyurethanes, silicic acids, cellulose derivatives such as polycarboxylated cellulose ethers, nonionic cellulose ethers and microfibrillated Celluloses, alginates, xanthanes, polyvinyl alcohols and mixtures thereof.
  • the thickeners are present in amounts of 0.3 to 5.0% by weight, based on the non-volatile components of the aqueous composition.
  • the presence of at least one thickener in the aqueous composition is increased, in particular if further components such as flame retardants such as Al(OH) 3 are additionally present.
  • the addition of the at least one thickener increases the viscosity, which improves the process. If aqueous compositions without a thickener are used, the applied vacuum draws them in or the adhesive too strongly, and the distribution of the aqueous composition or the adhesive in the component is often insufficient. Also, due to the presence of the thickener, more accurate dosing and less dripping of the aqueous composition can be achieved. About it In addition, a more constant layer thickness is achieved after application of the aqueous composition to the nonwoven compared to compositions which do not contain any thickeners.
  • the aqueous composition may further contain an aqueous silica dispersion.
  • Aqueous dispersions of silica have long been known. Depending on the manufacturing process, they are available in different structures. Silicon dioxide dispersions suitable according to the invention can be obtained on the basis of silica sol, silica gel, pyrogenic silicas or precipitated silicas or mixtures of the aforementioned. If appropriate, aqueous silicon dioxide dispersions are used whose SiO 2 particles have an average particle diameter of 1 to 400 nm, preferably 5 to 100 nm and particularly preferably 8 to 55 nm. If precipitated silicic acids are used, they are ground to reduce particle size. The mean particle diameter is determined by laser diffraction on a laser diffractometer.
  • a sample of the silica dispersion or the aqueous composition is taken with stirring, transferred to a glass beaker and diluted by adding water without the addition of dispersing additives such that a dispersion with a weight fraction of about 1% by weight SiO 2 is formed.
  • a dispersion with a weight fraction of about 1% by weight SiO 2 is prepared by stirring the powder into water.
  • the particle size distribution is determined from a sub-sample of the dispersion using the laser diffractometer. A relative refractive index of 1.09 should be selected for the measurement. All measurements are made at room temperature.
  • Silicic acid sols are colloidal solutions of amorphous silicon dioxide in water, which are also referred to as silicon dioxide sols but mostly as silica sols for short.
  • the silicon dioxide is present in the form of spherical particles which are hydroxylated on the surface.
  • the particle diameter of the colloidal particles is generally 1 to 200 nm, with the specific BET surface area correlating to the particle size (determined by the method from GN Sears, Analytical Chemistry Vol. 28, N. 12, 1981-1983, December 1956 , as described below) is from 15 to 2000 m 2 /g.
  • the surface of the SiO 2 particles has a charge that is balanced by a corresponding counter ion that stabilizes the colloidal solution.
  • the alkaline stabilized silica sols have a pH of 7 to 11.5 and contain, for example, small amounts of Na 2 O, K 2 O, Li 2 O, ammonia, organic nitrogen bases, tetraalkylammonium hydroxides or alkali metal or ammonium aluminates as alkalizing agents.
  • Silica sols can also exist as semi-stable, slightly acidic colloidal solutions. It is also possible to produce cationically adjusted silica sols by coating the surface with Al 2 (OH) 5 Cl.
  • the solids concentrations of the silica sols are preferably 5 to 60% by weight SiO 2 .
  • the manufacturing process for silica sols essentially runs through the following production steps: dealkalization of water glass by means of ion exchange, adjustment and stabilization of the desired particle size (distribution) of the SiO 2 particles, adjustment of the desired SiO 2 concentration and, if necessary, a surface modification of the SiO 2 particles, such as with Al 2 (OH) 5 Cl. In none of these steps do the SiO 2 particles leave the colloidally dissolved state. This explains the presence of the discrete primary particles with, for example, high binder effectiveness.
  • Silica gels are colloidally formed or unformed silicic acid with an elastic to solid consistency and a loose to dense pore structure.
  • the silicic acid is in the form of highly condensed polysilicic acid.
  • the silica gels are produced from water glass by reaction with mineral acids.
  • the primary particle size is generally 3 to 20 nm and the specific surface area is 250 to 1000 m 2 /g.
  • the specific surface area is determined by the method of GN Sears, Analytical Chemistry Vol. 28, N. 12, 1981-1983, December 1956 certainly.
  • pyrogenic silica and precipitated silica.
  • water is initially introduced and then water glass and acid, such as H 2 SO 4 , are added simultaneously.
  • This creates colloidal primary particles, which agglomerate as the reaction progresses and grow together to form agglomerates.
  • the specific surface area is from 30 to 800 m 2 /g and the primary particle size is from 5 to 100 nm.
  • the primary particles of these silicas, which are present as a solid, are firmly crosslinked to form secondary agglomerates.
  • Fumed silica can be produced by flame hydrolysis or using the electric arc process.
  • the dominant synthetic process for fumed silica is flame hydrolysis, in which tetrachlorosilane is decomposed in an oxyhydrogen flame.
  • the silicic acid formed is X-ray amorphous. Pyrogenic silicic acids have significantly fewer OH groups on their almost pore-free surface than precipitated silicic acid.
  • the pyrogenic silicic acid produced via flame hydrolysis has a specific surface area of 50 to 600 m 2 /g and a primary particle size of 5 to 50 nm
  • the silicic acid produced via the arc process has a specific surface area of 25 to 300 m 2 /g and a primary particle size of 5 up to 500 nm.
  • an SiO 2 raw material present as an isolated solid such as pyrogenic or precipitated silicic acid
  • a polymer dispersion according to the invention then this is converted into an aqueous SiO 2 dispersion by dispersing.
  • the silicon dioxide dispersions are prepared using state-of-the-art dispersants, preferably those which are suitable for generating high shear rates, such as e.g. B. Ultratorrax or dissolver discs.
  • Preferred polymer dispersions according to the invention are those in which the SiO 2 particles of the silicon dioxide dispersion c) are present as discrete, non-crosslinked primary particles. It is also preferred that the SiO 2 particles have hydroxyl groups on the particle surface.
  • Aqueous silica sols are particularly preferably used as aqueous silica dispersions c).
  • SiO 2 particles have hydroxyl groups on the particle surface can be determined, for example, using the following measurement method.
  • the silica sol is acidified and then titrated against a base.
  • An essential property of the silicas according to the invention is their thickening effect in formulations of polychloroprene dispersions, which means that the adhesives produced in this way form finely divided, sedimentation-resistant dispersions, are easy to process and have high stability even on nonwovens.
  • Aqueous compositions containing a polychloroprene dispersion and/or a polyurethane dispersion a) according to the present invention and a silicon dioxide dispersion c) according to the present invention are mixtures of commercially available dispersions.
  • Suitable polychloroprene dispersions a1) according to the present invention are commercially available under the trade name Dispercoll® C, in particular Dispercoll® C 74, C 84, C 86, C 2325, and C 2372-1 from Covestro GmbH AG.
  • An example of a suitable polyurethane dispersion a2) is Dispercoll® U 53F (Covestro Deutschland AG).
  • Suitable silicon dioxide dispersions c) according to the present invention are commercially available under the trade name Dispercoll ® S, in particular Dispercoll ® S 5005 (55 nm), S 4510 (30 nm), S 4020 (15 nm), S3030/1 (9 nm) , S 2020XP (15 nm) particularly preferably Dispercoll® S 4510, available from Covestro Deutschland AG.
  • Dispercoll ® S in particular Dispercoll ® S 5005 (55 nm), S 4510 (30 nm), S 4020 (15 nm), S3030/1 (9 nm) , S 2020XP (15 nm) particularly preferably Dispercoll® S 4510, available from Covestro Deutschland AG.
  • the average particle diameter is given in parentheses above.
  • Dispercoll® S 4510 and/or S 3030/1 a mixture of the aforementioned Dispercoll® types can also be used, with Dispercoll® S 4510 and/or S 3030/1 preferably being present.
  • the aqueous composition contains 10 to 90% by weight of an aqueous silicon dioxide dispersion, preferably with an average particle diameter of the silicon dioxide particles of 1 to 400 nm (component c).
  • the proportion of the respective components is based on the total weight of the non-volatile fractions of the aqueous composition, the sum of the components of the aqueous composition a) to d) being 100% by weight.
  • the aqueous composition of the present invention may optionally contain additives.
  • wetting agents in particular polyphosphates such as sodium hexametaphosphate, naphthalenesulfonic acid, ammonium or sodium polyacrylic acid salts
  • polyphosphates such as sodium hexametaphosphate, naphthalenesulfonic acid, ammonium or sodium polyacrylic acid salts
  • salts of polyacrylic acids in particular sodium salts of polyacrylic acids, such as those commercially available under the trade name Dispex N40 from BASF.
  • flame retardants can be added to the aqueous composition in order to increase the fire safety of the moldings produced therefrom.
  • aluminum hydroxide is preferably used as a flame retardant in the aqueous composition, aluminum hydroxide with an average particle size d(50) in the range from 1.0 to 3.9, in particular 1.7-2.1 ⁇ m, being particularly preferably used .
  • fungicides can also be added for preservation. These are used in amounts of 0.02 to 1% by weight, based on non-volatile components, of the aqueous composition. Suitable fungicides are, for example, phenol and cresol derivatives or organotin compounds.
  • tackifying resins such as B. unmodified or modified natural resins such as rosin esters, hydrocarbon resins or synthetic resins such as phthalate resins of the polymer dispersion according to the invention can be added in dispersed form (see, for example, in " Adhesive resins” R. Jordan, R. Schuwaldner, pp. 75-115, Hinterwaldner Verlag Kunststoff 1994 ). Alkylphenol resin and terpenephenol resin dispersions with softening points above 70° C., particularly preferably above 110° C., are preferred.
  • organic solvents such as toluene, xylene, butyl acetate, methyl ethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, dioxane or mixtures thereof or plasticizers such as those based on adipate, phthalate or phosphate in amounts of 0.5 to 10 parts by weight , based on non-volatile components of the aqueous composition.
  • the aqueous composition of the present invention may also contain 0.1 to 30% by weight, preferably 1.5 to 15% by weight, of at least one pigment, preferably selected from white pigments, more preferably from chalk, TiO 2 , ZnO, MgO, Al(OH) 3 Al 2 O 3 or mixtures thereof.
  • Zinc oxide or magnesium oxide can be used as an acceptor for small amounts of hydrogen chloride, which can be eliminated from the chloroprene polymers, and are therefore additionally present in preferred embodiments. These are added in amounts of from 0.1 to 10% by weight, preferably from 1 to 5% by weight, based on the nonvolatile fractions of the aqueous composition, and can partially hydrolyze or contain the polychloroprene dispersions (a1) in the presence hydrolyzable fractions. In this way, the viscosity of the polymer dispersion can be increased and adjusted to a desired level.
  • ZnO or MgO additives can be omitted without the storage stability of the product being adversely affected.
  • the at least one additive is selected from pigments, flame retardants, antioxidants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, adhesion promoters and defoamers.
  • the proportions of the individual components are chosen so that the resulting dispersion has a non-volatile content of 25 to 60% by weight, preferably 30 to 50% by weight /or the polyurethane dispersion (a) from 9.9 to 90% by weight, preferably 14.7 to 75% by weight and the silicon dioxide dispersion (c) from 9.9 to 90% by weight 24.7 to 85% by weight, particularly preferably from 40 to 75% by weight, the percentages being based on the weight of nonvolatile fractions of components a) to d) and adding up to 100% by weight.
  • polychloroprene dispersions and / or polyurethane dispersions can optionally also other dispersions such.
  • the aqueous composition according to the invention is prepared by simply mixing components (a) to (d).
  • the polychloroprene dispersion and/or the polyurethane dispersion (a) is preferably initially taken and the other components are added with stirring.
  • the thickener (b) is added as the last component of the mixture.
  • the composite component of the present invention also comprises at least one fleece.
  • Synthetic, regenerated and natural fibers and mixtures thereof can be used as fiber or thread materials.
  • mixtures of elastic and inelastic fibers or threads are produced.
  • Non-elastic fibers or threads for the first textile web are, for example, cotton, viscose and synthetic fibers or threads such as polyacrylic, polyamide, aramid, polyester, polyolefins or inorganic fiber materials such as glass fibers or carbon fibers.
  • Elastic fiber or thread elements are, for example, yarns made from elastodiene, thermoplastic elastomers, elastane, elastic polyamide or polyurethane fibers, textured synthetic yarns, cellulose twisted crepe threads or cellulose spun crepe threads.
  • the webs preferably consist of polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethersulfone, glass, mineral or plant-based fibers such as cotton fibers, coconut fibers, rice cotton fibers or mixtures thereof and/or have a density of 300 to 1200 g/m 2 preferably 400 to 550 g/m 2 or 900 to 1100 g/m 2 .
  • Both the elastic and the non-elastic fibers or threads can be used in different thicknesses depending on the thickness of the desired web.
  • the thread count of the elastic threads is preferably 4-80 tex, preferably 10-40 tex, particularly preferably 15-30 tex.
  • the webs can consist of one or more different types of threads or fibers that differ from one another in terms of material and/or yarn count.
  • One or more types of non-elastic yarns and, if present, one or more types of elastic yarns may be included.
  • the longitudinal extensibility of the fleece is preferably 30-200%, more preferably 60-110%, particularly preferably 85-100%.
  • the transverse extensibility of the fleece is preferably 10-120%, more preferably 30-100%, particularly preferably 40-90%.
  • the webs can be colored or undyed. Furthermore, the webs can be needled, carded or thermally prefixed.
  • the nonwovens can also contain or consist of flame-retardant fibers in order to improve the flame-retardant properties of the composite component.
  • a suitable commercially available flame retardant for fibers is Aflammit® from Thor or Exolit® from Clariant.
  • the use of red phosphorus is also possible.
  • the semi-finished product obtained after coagulation is formed into a composite component by pressing and/or heating.
  • the steps can be carried out using the methods customary for a person skilled in the art in the field of composite components, for example in a press. If heating is used, the semi-finished product can be heated before it is placed in the press. Alternatively, it is possible for the semi-finished product to be heated and pressed in the press at the same time.
  • the pressing step preferably lasts from 0.1 to 30 seconds, more preferably from 1 to 15 seconds, particularly preferably from 3 to 10 seconds.
  • the composite component obtained can then be further processed. For example, by applying a layer, preferably of a thermoplastic polymer or resin, to part or all of the surface of the composite component and then optionally applying a decoration. All decors known to those skilled in the art are suitable, for example textile fabrics, preferably with foam backing, leather or foils. As a result, the composite component can be further supported and strengthened.
  • the thermoplastic polymer can be selected from the usual thermoplastic polymers, such as polyolefins or polyurethanes. It is also possible that the thermoplastic polymer is the binder as described above. If resins are used, those described above can also be used.
  • the parts are first joined by thermoplastic fiber forming and later by the cohesion and hardening of the binder and the slower hardening of the adhesive film. Alone, neither the cooling of the thermoplastic nor the hardening of the binder would be possible so quickly. Even high pressure alone usually does not lead to satisfactory solutions when it comes to decor. The combination of the two measures, on the other hand, brings success and the later crystallization brings strength.
  • the binding agent for the adhesive joint of the lining/textile should preferably not be filled too hard or set too hard. The backing would then be quite strong, but the bond between the textile and the backing may not be sufficiently strong.
  • a further deformation of the composite component can also be carried out by renewed pressing and/or a renewed heat treatment.
  • Automatic folding over of the composite component or the further processed composite component is also possible, so that a durable bond is produced in the folded area. This presupposes that the surrounding trim is adapted to the fold, a predetermined breaking point weakens the material in the B-side radius and that there is a sufficient energy source (pressure, temperature, high-frequency energy).
  • the composite component or further processed composite component can be cut or stamped as described above to obtain a desired shape.
  • the composite component obtained according to the invention is used as part of an interior lining, a sun visor, a carrier part, a 2- or 3-dimensional soundproofing panel, a 3-dimensional pressure component, an upholstery material, a collision protection, a seat shell and an impact insulation.
  • a first continuous production process for producing a composite component 9 according to the invention is shown.
  • a fleece 1 is fed from a roll 2 via two guide rollers 3 to a binder application device 4, in this case a spray device.
  • the binding agent application device 4 applies the binding agent to the fleece 1 on both sides.
  • the fleece 1 coated in this way is then fed to a reactant application device 5, where a coagulant is applied by spraying.
  • the web 1 is then fed to a press 6 with hydraulically operated and heated press tables 7 .
  • the coated fleece 1 is pressed into the desired shape, heated and simultaneously cut to the desired size with a punching device also arranged in the press 6 .
  • the cutting or punching of the composite component 9 is carried out in particular in a pinch edge tool. After the dwell time has been reached, the composite component 9 according to the invention is then ejected and the process repeated.
  • an alternative continuous production method for producing a composite component 9 according to the invention is shown.
  • the method shown essentially consists in the fact that the binder application device is realized by an immersion bath 10, through which the fleece 1 is guided over a squeegee roller arrangement 11 and in this way the binder is applied.
  • the weight of the rollers generates pressure on the web 1 passed between the rollers and the amount of binding agent applied is thus controlled.
  • the coated web 1 is guided through a gap between two stripper rollers 12, whereby excess binder is removed and again the immersion bath 10 is supplied.
  • the remaining process steps are the same as in 1 illustrated manner.
  • the press 13 does not include a heated press table, but an unheated mold.
  • the coated fleece material is heated on one or both sides directly in front of the press 13 by a heating station 14 by means of a hot plate or an infrared radiation heater. Typical heating temperatures here are around 220 °C. Since the curing reaction of the binder is already set in motion by this upstream heating station 14, additional heating of the pressing or punching tool can be dispensed with here during the pressing and punching process.
  • the fleece Upon entering the press 13, the fleece has a temperature of 30°C to 220°C, depending on the transport speed and the distance between the heating station 14 and the press 13.
  • Dispercoll ® C 2325 polychloroprene dispersion, 55% solids content, Covestro GmbH AG
  • 64.69 g of Rhenofit ® DDA-50 EM antioxidant, 50% solids content, Lanxess AG
  • 64 .69 g Emulvin ® W emulsifier, 65% solids content, Lanxess AG
  • 6278.54 g Dispercoll ® S 4510 sica sol dispersion, 45% solids content, Covestro GmbH
  • 520.63 g Martinal ® OI-104 flame retardant based on aluminum hydroxide, Martinswerk GmbH
  • 523.04 g Borchigel® A LA thickener, solids content 10%, diluted 1:1 with water to solids content 5%, OMG Borchers GmbH
  • Dispercoll® U 53F polyurethane dispersion, 40% solids content, Covestro GmbH AG
  • Rhenofit® in succession with stirring DDA-50 EM (aging inhibitor, 50% solids content, Lanxess AG), 33.8 g Emulvin ® W (emulsifier, 65% solids content, Lanxess AG), 2335.8 g Dispercoll ® S 3030-1 (silica sol dispersion, 30% Solids content, Covestro GmbH), 271.51 g Martinal ® OI-104 (flame retardant based on aluminum hydroxide, Martinswerk GmbH) and 382.5 g Borchigel ® A LA (thickener, solids content 10%, diluted 1:1 with water to solids content 5 %, OMG Borchers GmbH) metered in and stirred for 30 min. The dispersion is then left to stand at RT for 24 hours. The resulting aqueous binder dispersion has a solid
  • a nonwoven PES 1000 g/m 2 made of 60% by weight PES black and 40% by weight PES bico fiber white is used to produce the composite components, presently designed as cladding parts, so that a gray fleece is produced.
  • Such a fleece was in each case wetted with one of the compositions described above at a dry weight of 300 g/m 2 and blown into the fleece with the aid of compressed air. The material was then heated for approx. 30 to 90 seconds at 200 to 220° C. and then pressed in the tool at room temperature, the trim parts being obtained.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
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Claims (15)

  1. Procédé pour la production d'un composant composite, comprenant les étapes :
    i) application d'une composition aqueuse qui contient une dispersion de polychloroprène et/ou une dispersion de polyuréthane a), sur au moins un non-tissé ;
    ii) coagulation de la composition aqueuse sur le non-tissé par mise en contact avec un coagulant et/ou chauffage à une température de 80 à 220 °C, afin de former un produit semi-fini qui comprend un liant qui a été formé à partir de la composition aqueuse ;
    iii) éventuellement application d'un décor qui comporte un film adhésif ;
    iv) ensuite formage du produit semi-fini provenant de l'étape ii) ou iii) par pressage et/ou chauffage à une température de 30 à 220 °C, afin d'obtenir le composant composite ; et
    v) éventuellement application d'une couche, de préférence à base d'une résine ou d'un polymère thermoplastique, sur une partie ou toute la surface du composant composite et ensuite éventuellement application d'un décor, caractérisé en ce que la composition aqueuse contient au moins un épaississant b).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    La dispersion de polychloroprène et/ou la dispersion de polyuréthane présente(nt) une taille moyenne de particule de 60 à 300 nm.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la composition aqueuse comprend en outre :
    c) une dispersion aqueuse de dioxyde de silicium ; et
    d) éventuellement d'autres additifs.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la quantité de c) vaut 10 à 90 % en poids, par rapport au poids total des composants non volatils de la composition aqueuse.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que la composition aqueuse contient
    9,9 à 90 % en poids de a) ;
    0,01 à 15 % en poids de b) ;
    9,9 à 90 % en poids de c) ;
    0 à 50 % en poids de d), chaque fois par rapport au poids total des composants non volatils de la composition aqueuse.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la composition aqueuse présente une viscosité de 500 à 7 000 mPa*s, déterminée selon DIN ISO 2555 au moyen d'un viscosimètre rotatif Brookfield avec la broche n° 2, jusqu'à une viscosité de 2 500 mPa*s et plus avec une broche n° 3, à 12 tours/min et à 23 °C.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape ii) 20 à 600 g/m2 en poids sec de liant sont présents sur un non-tissé.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que ledit au moins un non-tissé est constitué de fibres de polyoléfine, poly(éthylène téréphtalate), polyéthersulfone, verre, carbone, minérales ou à base de plantes, telles que fibres de coton, fibres de coco, fibres de riz, ou de mélanges de telles fibres ; et/ou en ce qu'un non-tissé à une densité de 300 à 1 200 g/m2.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins deux non-tissés sont utilisés et le liant se trouve entre les non-tissés.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un coagulant est utilisé.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le décor, une structure plane textile à envers mousse, est dans l'étape iii) humecté avec un liant également sur la face mousse, mais n'est pas ou pas totalement séché, de sorte qu'on obtient un film adhésif humide et
    le décor revêtu de liant est appliqué par la face du film adhésif humide sur le non-tissé revêtu de liant, provenant de l'étape ii) ou est envoyé dans une presse par des rouleaux respectifs et ensuite appliqué par pression dans l'étape iv).
  12. Composant composite pouvant être obtenu par un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11.
  13. Article comportant le composant composite selon la revendication 12.
  14. Utilisation du composant composite selon la revendication 12 en tant que constituant d'un habillage d'espace intérieur, d'un pare-soleil, d'un élément de support, d'une plaque d'insonorisation bidimensionnelle ou tridimensionnelle, d'un composant de pression tridimensionnel, d'un matériau de rembourrage, d'une protection contre les collisions, d'une coque de siège ou d'une isolation contre les chocs.
  15. Utilisation d'une composition aqueuse qui contient une dispersion de polychloroprène telle que définie dans l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, en tant que liant pour composants composites.
EP19797220.1A 2018-10-31 2019-10-28 Composant composite contenant un liant de polychloroprène et / ou polyuréthane Active EP3874081B1 (fr)

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EP18203867 2018-10-31
PCT/EP2019/079386 WO2020089163A1 (fr) 2018-10-31 2019-10-28 Composant composite contenant un liant au polychloroprène et/ou au polyuréthane

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CN113242920A (zh) 2021-08-10
EP3874081A1 (fr) 2021-09-08
US20210395945A1 (en) 2021-12-23

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