EP3870741A1 - Verfahren zum oberflächenbehandeln eines metall- oder legierungsprodukts sowie ein metall- oder legierungsprodukt - Google Patents

Verfahren zum oberflächenbehandeln eines metall- oder legierungsprodukts sowie ein metall- oder legierungsprodukt

Info

Publication number
EP3870741A1
EP3870741A1 EP19812915.7A EP19812915A EP3870741A1 EP 3870741 A1 EP3870741 A1 EP 3870741A1 EP 19812915 A EP19812915 A EP 19812915A EP 3870741 A1 EP3870741 A1 EP 3870741A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mass fraction
metal
steel
alloy product
product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP19812915.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Fabian BAYER
Stefan BONER
Andreas Deutschendorf
Andreas Gassner
Ramon SCHAUER
Lukas WAIDELICH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Aesculap AG
Original Assignee
Aesculap AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Aesculap AG filed Critical Aesculap AG
Publication of EP3870741A1 publication Critical patent/EP3870741A1/de
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/06—Etching of iron or steel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/16—Polishing
    • C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
    • C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C1/00—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods
    • B24C1/06—Methods for use of abrasive blasting for producing particular effects; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such methods for producing matt surfaces, e.g. on plastic materials, on glass
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C11/00—Selection of abrasive materials or additives for abrasive blasts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/48—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 not containing phosphates, hexavalent chromium compounds, fluorides or complex fluorides, molybdates, tungstates, vanadates or oxalates
    • C23C22/50—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F17/00—Multi-step processes for surface treatment of metallic material involving at least one process provided for in class C23 and at least one process covered by subclass C21D or C22F or class C25
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B2017/00526—Methods of manufacturing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F1/00—Electrolytic cleaning, degreasing, pickling or descaling
    • C25F1/02—Pickling; Descaling
    • C25F1/04—Pickling; Descaling in solution
    • C25F1/06—Iron or steel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for surface treatment and / or manufacture of a metal or alloy product and a metal or alloy product which can be produced or produced by the method.
  • Metal or alloy products such as surgical instruments
  • the surfaces of the products can first be processed by means of slide and / or belt grinding. This can eliminate defects in the primary material and / or forging-related defects, such as decarburized areas, or surface defects, such as pores, scars or cracks, which would otherwise have an adverse effect on the corrosion resistance of the products.
  • Abrasive processing of metal or alloy products usually takes place in several steps, with the removal gradually increasing and the surface roughness being reduced.
  • Belt grinding can result in fine notches or raised areas on the product surface. These can be bent or pressed in during a subsequent treatment step. This can lead to duplication of material.
  • the problem is that surface defects which have not been eliminated or generated during grinding can only be removed to a limited extent in a subsequent treatment step.
  • spherical abrasives such as glass beads
  • glass beads are usually very hard (hardness 6 Mohs) and on top of that brittle, the abrasive is partially broken during matting.
  • both spherical glass beads and broken glass beads hit the surface of the product. While broken glass beads create sharp notches on the product surface, unbroken glass beads leave spherical impressions on the surface of the product.
  • the impact of broken and unbroken glass beads leads to an interaction between the product surface scored by the broken glass beads and the product surface smoothed by the unbroken glass beads. This also leads to duplication of material. In addition to the plastic deformation and the associated generation of product stresses, the material can be transferred to the product surface. This material transfer is particularly strong in the area of notches in which material accumulations of the glass beads can remain.
  • the surfaces of metal or alloy products can be brushed.
  • the product surfaces can be processed with brush discs, for example with the aid of a disc-shaped abrasive fleece or of disc-shaped nylon fibers with abrasive particles.
  • Aluminum and / or silicon oxide particles are usually applied to the brush disks.
  • brushed product surfaces have a stronger reflection behavior than matted product surfaces.
  • micro-gaps or notches formed on the surface of a metal or alloy product as a result of material doublings as well as a concomitant generation or increase of internal stresses in the product adversely affect its corrosion resistance.
  • a material transfer for example during belt grinding and / or matting, there is also the fact that the transferred material can generate additional microgaps and can weaken a passivation layer.
  • Titanium oxide deposits are particularly noticeable on smooth and shiny product surfaces.
  • Silicate deposits occur during steam sterilization by the deposition of silica dissolved in water on the surface of metal or alloy products. Due to the teardrop shape, this type of silicate layer is particularly easy to recognize on matt product surfaces. These reflect the light more strongly at the edges of the drops, which is accompanied by good visibility. To completely avoid silicate deposits, a very expensive water treatment would be necessary from a process engineering point of view.
  • silicate deposits mainly show up on matt surfaces
  • titanium oxide deposits are particularly easy to see on smooth surfaces.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method for surface treatment and / or manufacture of a metal or alloy product, which at least partially avoids disadvantages occurring in generic methods and in particular to improve the corrosion resistance and to reduce the occurrence of surface discoloration with appropriately treated and / or manufactured metal or alloy products.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a corresponding metal or alloy product.
  • the invention relates to a method for surface treatment and / or manufacture of a metal or alloy product.
  • the method comprises the following steps: a) matting a surface of the metal or alloy product and b) electrochemically processing the matted surface of the metal or
  • metal product is to be understood to mean a product which comprises a metal or consists of a metal.
  • metal product in the sense of the present invention should preferably be understood to mean a product made of a metal.
  • alloy product is to be understood to mean a product which has an alloy or consists of an alloy.
  • alloy product in the sense of the present invention should preferably be understood to mean a product made of an alloy.
  • the term “alloy” is understood to mean a macroscopically homogeneous metallic material composed of at least two elements (components), of which at least one element is a metal. Accordingly, the term “alloy” in the sense of the present invention can mean a macroscopically homogeneous metallic material which consists of at least two different metals. Alternatively, the term “alloy” in the sense of the present invention can mean a macroscopically homogeneous metallic material which consists of at least one metal and at least one non-metal, such as carbon.
  • the matting step (step a)) according to the invention thus leads, with particular advantage, to a lower reflection behavior of the product surface, as a result of which the surgeon is dazzled can be prevented.
  • the subsequent electrochemical processing step (step b)) can advantageously improve the corrosion resistance of the metal or alloy product and reduce the adhesion of deposits (surface discoloration).
  • a grinding, preferably a sliding and / or belt grinding, of the surface of the metal or alloy product is carried out before step a).
  • the metal or alloy product is preferably placed in a container together with surface grinding bodies, which are preferably designed as bulk material, or together with a surface grinding body and optionally aqueous additives.
  • the optionally provided additives can be selected from the group consisting of anti-corrosion agents, degreasing agents, pickling agents, release agents (for example plastic beads with a diameter ⁇ 1 mm) and mixtures thereof.
  • Such a solution can be used to advantageously pick up and remove any abrasion caused by the slide grinding bodies and product removal.
  • other effects can also be realized, such as corrosion protection, degreasing and adhesion prophylaxis.
  • An oscillating or rotating movement of the container creates a relative movement between the metal or alloy product and the surface grinding wheels. This causes material to be removed from the metal or alloy product, in particular at its edges.
  • the surface appearance of the metal or alloy product, the roughness, the material removal and the deburring performance can advantageously be influenced in a targeted manner by machines, grinding wheels and optional additives used for surface grinding.
  • the slide grinding bodies can have a material or consist of a material which is selected from the group consisting of ceramic, plastic, natural product such as walnut shells, steel and combinations thereof.
  • the slide grinding bodies can be regularly and / or irregularly shaped.
  • the slide grinding bodies can in particular be designed free of corners and / or edges, such as ellipsoidal, toroidal or spherical. Alternatively or in combination, the slide grinding bodies can have corners and / or edges.
  • the slide grinding bodies can be polyhedral, for example cubic, cuboid, prismatic, pyramid-shaped or spatula-shaped.
  • the slide grinding bodies can be designed in particular as straight prisms and / or oblique prisms.
  • the slide grinding bodies can be designed in a conical shape.
  • a mixture of differently designed surface grinding wheels can be used for surface grinding the metal or alloy product.
  • corner- and / or edge-free and polyhedron-shaped slide grinding bodies can be used.
  • differently designed corner and / or edge-free slide grinding bodies and / or different polyhedral slide grinding wheels can be used.
  • the slide grinding bodies can furthermore have at least one dimension, in particular at least one mean dimension, such as for example a diameter, in particular mean diameter, and / or a height, in particular mean height, and / or a length, in particular mean length, in the range from 1 mm to 80 mm.
  • the diameter of spherically shaped surface grinding wheels in the sense of the present invention is to be understood to mean the double radius of a single spherical surface grinding body.
  • the diameter of a non-spherical slide grinding body in the sense of the present invention is to be understood to mean the greatest possible distance between two points which these can occupy one another along a circumferential line of an individual slide grinding body.
  • the average dimensions mentioned in this paragraph can be determined, for example, by means of bulk density and / or optical measurement.
  • the surface grinding can also be carried out as drum surface grinding, vibration surface grinding, plunge surface machining, surface grinding, centrifugal surface machining or pressure flow lapping.
  • Abrasive belts are preferably used for belt grinding of the metal or alloy product.
  • grinding belts can be used for this purpose, which rotate over at least two rollers.
  • the grinding belts preferably have a grain size of 150 to 1,200.
  • the number of grits is based on the measurement unit mesh, ie the Number of stitches of a net per inch (25.4 mm). Accordingly, for example, an abrasive with a grain size of 150 just fits through a sieve with 150 mesh per inch.
  • a surface grinding and then a belt grinding can be carried out prior to performing step a).
  • Belt grinding can be advantageous especially with regard to the treatment of a so-called shading area of the metal or alloy product, but also outside of such a area.
  • the shading area defines the area of the metal or alloy product in which slide grinding bodies, in particular due to the geometric shape and / or shape of the metal or alloy product, are not or only to a limited extent effective on the surface.
  • the surface of the metal or alloy product can only be ground by means of vibratory grinding before performing step a).
  • the formation of notches and / or elevations due to belt loops on the product surface can be avoided and the corrosion resistance of the metal or alloy product can thus be additionally improved.
  • the surface of the metal or alloy product can only be ground by means of belt grinding before carrying out step a).
  • a blasting agent in particular a ductile, i.e. not brittle, abrasive used.
  • a ductile i.e. not brittle
  • abrasive used.
  • the generation of notches and / or micro-gaps can be prevented or at least reduced with particular advantage.
  • the occurrence of local stress peaks in the product can thereby be avoided or at least reduced, and in particular the corrosion resistance of the metal or alloy product can be additionally improved.
  • the use of such an abrasive can advantageously improve the scratch resistance of the metal or alloy product.
  • the blasting agent can have a material or consist of a material which is selected from the group consisting of metal, metal oxide, alloy, ceramic, plastic, vegetable substance, sand and combinations thereof.
  • the metal can in particular be aluminum.
  • the metal oxide can, in particular, be corundum (Al2O3).
  • the plastic can in particular be a urea, phenol, polyester or melamine resin.
  • the ceramic can in particular be glass or a mixed ceramic.
  • the alloy can in particular be steel, preferably stainless steel.
  • the sand can in particular be garnet sand.
  • the blasting agent has a metal or an alloy or consists of a metal or an alloy.
  • abrasive has the particular advantage that it does not break and therefore does not cause the surface of the metal or alloy product to notch.
  • material transfer to the product surface can be avoided.
  • the corrosion resistance of the metal or alloy product can be additionally improved and the occurrence of undesirable residual stresses in the product can be avoided.
  • such an abrasive is particularly suitable for increasing the scratch resistance of the metal or alloy product.
  • the blasting agent preferably has steel, in particular stainless steel, or consists of steel, in particular stainless steel. Such an abrasive can bring out the advantages mentioned in the last paragraph particularly strongly.
  • the blasting agent can be regularly and / or irregularly shaped, in particular as a regularly and / or irregularly shaped blasting agent body.
  • the blasting agent is designed without corners and / or edges, in particular as a corner and / or edge-free blasting agent body.
  • the blasting agent can be ellipsoidal, toroidal, spherical or pearl-shaped or in the form of appropriately designed blasting agent bodies.
  • the blasting agent is preferably designed spherical and / or pearl-shaped or as a spherical and / or pearl-shaped blasting agent body.
  • the blasting agent can have corners and / or edges.
  • the blasting agent can be polyhedral, for example cubic, cuboid, prism-shaped, pyramid-shaped or spatula-shaped, or can be present as a correspondingly designed blasting agent body.
  • the blasting agent can furthermore have the shape of a straight prism or oblique prism or be in the form of appropriately designed blasting agent bodies.
  • the abrasive can be designed conical or in the form of conical abrasive bodies.
  • the abrasive can be in globular form, for example in the form of a rounded wire, or in the form of appropriately designed abrasive bodies.
  • the abrasive can be in broken form, in particular in the form of broken abrasive bodies.
  • the abrasive or the abrasive body can have at least one dimension, in particular at least one mean dimension, such as, for example, a diameter, in particular mean diameter, and / or a height, in particular mean height, and / or a length, in particular mean length, in the range of 40 have pm to 2000 pm.
  • the diameter of a spherically shaped blasting medium or of spherically shaped blasting medium bodies in the sense of the present invention is to be understood to mean the double radius of a spherically shaped blasting medium or an individual spherically shaped blasting medium body.
  • the diameter of a non-spherical blasting medium or of non-spherical blasting medium bodies in the sense of the present invention is to be understood as the greatest possible distance between two points which these can occupy one another along a circumferential line of a non-spherically shaped blasting medium or an individual non-spherically shaped blasting medium body .
  • the mean dimensions mentioned in this paragraph can be determined, for example, by laser diffraction or sieve analysis.
  • pressure blasting systems injector blasting systems or centrifugal wheel systems can be used to accelerate the blasting medium or the blasting medium bodies onto the surface of the metal or alloy product.
  • a pressure jet or injector jet system pressures from 1 bar to 6 bar can be used.
  • an electropolishing of the matted surface of the metal or alloy product is carried out in order to carry out step b).
  • the surface of the metal or alloy product is usually removed anodically in an electrolyte, ie the metal or alloy product forms the anode in an electrochemical cell.
  • Electropolishing is particularly advantageous in reducing the surface roughness of the metal or alloy product and therefore its susceptibility to corrosion. In the case of a product made of stainless steel, electropolishing has the additional advantage of enriching chromium and nickel during the electropolishing process, as a result of which the subsequent formation of a passive layer can be favored.
  • an aqueous electrolyte is usually used to carry out electropolishing.
  • the electrolyte preferably contains a mineral acid or a mineral acid mixture.
  • the mineral acid is particularly selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid and a mixture thereof.
  • An aqueous electrolyte containing phosphoric acid and / or sulfuric acid has been found to be particularly advantageous for electropolishing the surface of the metal or alloy product, in particular a stainless steel product.
  • the electropolishing can furthermore be carried out with an aqueous electrolyte, in particular an aged, aqueous electrolyte, with a phosphoric acid content of 45% by weight or a sulfuric acid content of 35% by weight, in each case based on the total weight of the electrolyte.
  • the electrolyte can also contain additives, such as surface-active substances.
  • the aggressiveness of the electrolyte can advantageously be controlled in a targeted manner via its water content.
  • Alloy product worked with a DC voltage of 2 V to 10 V.
  • the DC voltage can be kept constant during electropolishing. Alternatively, the DC voltage can be varied during electropolishing.
  • Alloy product a current density of 5 A / dm 2 to 50 A / dm 2 set. Furthermore, the electropolishing can be carried out at a temperature of 50 ° C to 65 ° C.
  • the metal or alloy product can be cleaned and / or degreased before electropolishing.
  • an anodic pickling of the matted surface of the metal or alloy product is carried out in order to carry out step b).
  • the removal of metal or alloy from the product surface takes place in an anodic manner, similarly to the previously described electropolishing, by means of a suitable electrolyte in a DC circuit.
  • the abrasive effect is based on a dissolution of metal or alloy and / or a detachment of metal oxides by gases, such as oxygen in particular.
  • Aqueous electrolytes which contain phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or a mixture thereof can be used as the electrolyte.
  • the anodic pickling like the electropolishing described above, can also be carried out in particular in an immersion bath.
  • the metal or alloy removal can also be controlled in particular via current density and / or time.
  • step b) is carried out several times, in particular twice.
  • geometric peculiarities of the metal or alloy product such as, for example, the end of the metal or alloy product, can be processed evenly without any relevant shading.
  • the end of the metal or alloy product can be worked in two positions so that only slight shadowing occurs.
  • it may be preferred that the metal or alloy product is articulated slowly while performing step b).
  • step b) is carried out each time for a period of 30 s to 120 s, in particular 45 s to 90 s, preferably 60 s.
  • step b) is carried out each time for a period of 30 s to 120 s, in particular 45 s to 90 s, preferably 60 s.
  • step c) passivation of the electrochemically processed, in particular electropolished or anodically pickled, surface of the metal or alloy product is carried out.
  • a passivation or passive layer ie a protective layer, can be produced on the electrochemically processed, in particular electropolished or anodically pickled, surface of the metal or alloy product. This can further improve the corrosion resistance of the metal or alloy product.
  • step c) can be used, for example, to form reinforced chromium oxide layers on the product surface.
  • a so-called passivation solution i.e. an aqueous, acidic solution.
  • An aqueous passivating solution which contains citric acid, nitric acid or a mixture of citric acid and nitric acid is preferably used to carry out step c).
  • a dilute, aqueous citric acid solution can be used as the passivation solution, in particular with a citric acid content of 5% by weight to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the dilute, aqueous citric acid.
  • a dilute, aqueous nitric acid in particular with a nitric acid content of 5% by weight to 60% by weight, based on the total weight of the dilute, aqueous nitric acid, can be used as the passivation solution.
  • citric acid has advantages over the use of nitric acid from both a health and work safety point of view. On top of that, citric acid can be used to create thicker chromium oxide layers in the case of stainless steel products or products made of stainless steel than is the case when using nitric acid, since the latter also reduces the proportion of other alloy components in the case of stainless steel.
  • the metal or alloy product can, for example, be immersed in the passivation solution.
  • the passivation solution can be sprayed or poured onto the surface of the metal or alloy product.
  • step c) can be carried out for a period of 2 minutes to 2 hours, in particular 5 minutes to 60 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 30 minutes.
  • step c) can be carried out in a temperature range from 20 ° C. to 80 ° C., in particular 30 ° C. to 65 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 60 ° C.
  • step bc) cleaning and / or degreasing the metal or alloy product in particular cleaning and / or degreasing the electrochemically processed, in particular electropolished or anodized, surface of the metal or alloy product, be performed.
  • step d) packaging and / or labeling, in particular labeling, of the metal or alloy product can be carried out.
  • step cd) sterilization, in particular steam sterilization, of the metal or alloy product
  • step e) sterilization, in particular steam sterilization, of the metal or alloy product
  • the metal or alloy product has steel, in particular stainless steel or a stainless steel, or consists of steel, in particular stainless steel or a stainless steel.
  • the term “stainless steel” is to be understood to mean an alloyed or unalloyed steel with a particular degree of purity, for example with a sulfur and / or phosphorus mass fraction of ⁇ 0.025%, in particular ⁇ 0.025%.
  • the steel is preferably a non-rusting or corrosion-resistant steel, in particular a non-rusting or corrosion-resistant stainless steel.
  • the steel can in particular be a ferritic steel, martensitic steel, austenitic-ferritic steel or austenitic steel.
  • the steel is preferably a martensitic corrosion-resistant steel, in particular a so-called carbon martensite, i.e. a corrosion-resistant steel with chromium and carbon as the main alloy components, or around a so-called nickel martensite, i.e. a corrosion-resistant steel with nickel as the main alloy component, according to ISO 7153-1.
  • a so-called carbon martensite i.e. a corrosion-resistant steel with chromium and carbon as the main alloy components
  • nickel martensite i.e. a corrosion-resistant steel with nickel as the main alloy component
  • the steel can be a steel with the material designation X12C 3 (material number 1.4006). This is a martensitic steel with a carbon mass fraction of 0.08% to 0.15%, a chromium mass fraction of 11.5% to 13.5% and a nickel mass fraction of ⁇ 0.75%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X12CrS13 (material number 1.4005).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.08% to 0.15%, a chromium mass fraction of 12.0% to 14.0% and a molybdenum mass fraction ⁇ 0.60% and optionally a sulfur mass fraction of 0.15% to 0.35%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X20C 3 (material number: 1.4021). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.16% to 0.25% and a chromium mass fraction of 12.0% to 14.0%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X15C 3 (material number: 1.4024). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.12% to 0.17% and a chromium mass fraction of 12.0% to 14.0%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X30C 3 (material number: 1.4028).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.26% to 0.35% and a chromium mass fraction of 12.0% to 14.0%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X46C 3 (material number: 1.4034).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.43% to 0.50% and a chromium mass fraction of 12.5% to 14.5%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X50CrMoV15 (material number: 1.4116).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.45% to 0.55%, a chromium mass fraction of 14.0% to 15.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.50% to 0.80% and a vanadium mass fraction of 0.10% to 0.20% on.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X17CrNi16-2 (material number: 1.4057).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.12% to 0.22%, a chromium mass fraction of 15.0% to 17.0% and a nickel mass fraction of 1.5% to 2.5%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X39CrMo17-1 (material number: 1.4122).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.33% to 0.45%, a chromium mass fraction from 15.5% to 17.5%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.8% to 1.3% and a nickel mass fraction ⁇ 1.0%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X14CrMoS17 (material number: 1.4104).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.10% to 0.17%, a chromium mass fraction of 15.5% to 17.5%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.20% to 0.60% and a sulfur mass fraction of 0.15% to 0.35%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X3CrNiMo13-4 (material number: 1.4313).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.05%, a chromium mass fraction from 12.0% to 14.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.3% to 0.7% and a nickel mass fraction from 3.5% to 4.5% .
  • the steel can be a martensitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X4CrNiMo16-5-1 (material number: 1.4418).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.06%, a chromium mass fraction from 15.0% to 17.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.80% to 1.50% and a nickel mass fraction from 4.0% to 6.0% .
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material name X65Cr13 This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.58% to 0.70%, a chromium mass fraction of 12.5% to 14.5%, a manganese mass fraction ⁇ 1.00%, a silicon mass fraction ⁇ 1.00%
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material designation X30CrMoN15-1 (material number: 1.4108). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.25% to 0.35%, a chromium mass fraction of 14.0% to 16.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.85% to 1.10%, a nickel mass fraction of 0.50%, a manganese mass fraction of 1.00%, a
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material name X70CrMo15 (material number: 1.4109). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.60% to 0.75%, a chromium mass fraction of 14.0% up to 16.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.40% to 0.80%, a manganese mass fraction ⁇ 1.00%, a silicon mass fraction ⁇ 0.70%, a phosphorus mass fraction of 0.04% and a sulfur mass fraction of 0.015%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material name X90CrMoV18 (material number: 1.41 12). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.90%, a chromium mass fraction of 17% to 19% and a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.90%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material name X38CrMoV15 (material number: 1.41 17). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.38%, a chromium mass fraction of 14% to 15% and a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.50%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material designation X150CrMo17 (material number: 1.4125). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 1.10%, a chromium mass fraction of 17% and a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.60%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material description X22CrMoNiS13-1 (material number: 1.4121).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction from 0.20% to 0.25%, a chromium mass fraction from 12.0% to 14.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 1.00% to 1.50%, a nickel mass fraction from 0.80% to 1, 20%, a manganese mass fraction from 1.00% to 1.50%, a silicon mass fraction ⁇ 1.00%, a phosphor mass fraction from 0.045% and a sulfur mass fraction from 0.15% to 0.25%.
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material name X40CrMoVN16-2 (material number: 1.4123). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.35% to 0.50%, a chromium mass fraction of 14.0% to 16.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 1.00% to 2.50%, a nickel mass fraction of 0.5%, a manganese mass fraction ⁇ 1.00%, a
  • the steel can be a martensitic steel with the
  • Act short material name X105CrMo17 (material number: 1.4125). That steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.95% to 1.20%, a chromium mass fraction of 16.0% to 18.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 0.04% to 0.80%, a manganese mass fraction of a maximum of 1.00% Silicon mass fraction of a maximum of 1.00%, a phosphorus mass fraction of a maximum of 0.040% and a sulfur mass fraction of a maximum of 0.015%.
  • the steel can be a precipitation-hardening, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X5CrNiCuNb16-4 (material number: 1.4542).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.07%, a chromium mass fraction from 15.0% to 17.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction ⁇ 0.60%, a nickel mass fraction from 3.0% to 5.0%, a copper mass fraction of 3, 0% to 5.0% and a maximum niobium mass fraction of 0.45%.
  • the steel can be a precipitation-hardening, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X7CrNiAI17-7 (material number: 1.4568).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.09%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.0% to 18.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 6.5% to 7.8% and an aluminum mass fraction from 0.70% to 1.50% .
  • the steel can be a precipitation-hardening, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X5CrNiMoCuNb14-5 (material number: 1.4594).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.07%, a chromium mass fraction from 13.0% to 15.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 1, 20% to 2.00%, a nickel mass fraction from 5.0% to 6.0%, a copper mass fraction from 1, 20% to 2.00% and a niobium mass fraction from 0.15% to 0.60%.
  • the steel can be a precipitation-hardening, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X3CrNiTiMb12-9 (material number: 1.4543).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 1 1, 0% to 12.5%, a molybdenum mass fraction ⁇ 0.50%, a nickel mass fraction from 3.00% to 5.00%, a titanium mass fraction from ⁇ 0.90% to 1.40%, a copper mass fraction from 1.50% to 2.50%, a niobium mass fraction from 0.10% to 0.50%, a manganese mass fraction from 0.50%, a silicon mass fraction from 0.50 %, a phosphorus mass fraction ⁇ 0.02% and a sulfur mass fraction ⁇ 0.015%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNi12 (material number: 1.4003). This steel points a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 10.5% to 12.5%, a nickel mass fraction from 0.3% to 1.00% and a nitrogen fraction ⁇ 0.03%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNi12 (material number: 1.4512).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction of 10.5% to 12.5% and a titanium mass fraction of a maximum of 0.65%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X6Cr17 (material number: 1.4016). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.08% and a chromium mass fraction of 16.0% to 18.0%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X3CrTi17 (material number: 1.4510).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of ⁇ 0.05%, a chromium mass fraction of 16.0% to 18.0% and a titanium mass fraction of a maximum of 0.80%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X6CrMoS17 (material number: 1.4105).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.08%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.0% to 18.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.20% to 0.60% and a sulfur mass fraction from 0.15% to 0.35% .
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X3CrNb17 (material number: 1.4511). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.05%, a chromium mass fraction of 16.0% to 18.0% and a maximum niobium proportion of 1.00%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrTiNb18 (material number: 1.4509).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction of 17.5% to 18.5%, a maximum niobium mass fraction of 1.00% and a titanium mass fraction of 0.10% to 0.60%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X6CrMo17-1 (material number: 1.41 13). That steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.08%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.0% to 18.0% and a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.90% to 1.40%.
  • the steel can be a ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrMoTi18-2 (material number: 1.4521).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of ⁇ 0.025%, a chromium mass fraction of 17.0% to 20.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction of 1.80% to 2.50% and a titanium mass fraction of a maximum of 0.80%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNi22-2 (material number: 1.4062).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 21.5% to 24.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction ⁇ 0.45%, a nickel mass fraction from 1.00% to 2.90% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0. 16% to 0.28%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrMnNiN21-5-1 (material number: 1.4162).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.04%, a chromium mass fraction from 21.0% to 22.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.10% to 0.80%, a nickel mass fraction from 1.35% to 1.70%, a manganese mass fraction from 4.0% to 6.0%, a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.20% to 0.25% and a copper mass fraction from 0.10% to 0.80%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the short material designation X2CrNiN23-4 (material number: 1.4362).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 22.0% to 24.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 0.10% to 0.60%, a nickel mass fraction from 3.5% to 5.5% and a copper mass fraction of 0.10% to 0.60%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMoN22-5-3 (material number: 1.4462).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 21.0% to 23.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 2.5% to 3.5%, a nickel mass fraction from 4.5% to 6.5% and a nitrogen mass fraction of 0.10% to 0.22%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMnMoCuN24-4-3-2 (material number: 1.4662).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 23.0% to 25.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 1.00% to 2.00%, a nickel mass fraction from 3.0% to 4.5%, a manganese mass fraction of 2.5% to 4.0% and a copper mass fraction of 0.10% to 0.80%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMoN25-7-4 (material number: 1.4410).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 24.0% to 26.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 3.0% to 4.5%
  • Nickel mass fraction from 6.0% to 8.0% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.24% to 0.35%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic-ferritic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMoCuWN25-7-4 (material number: 1.4501).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.03%, a chromium mass fraction from 24.0% to 26.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 3.0% to 4.0%
  • Nickel mass fraction from 6.0% to 8.0%, a copper mass fraction from 0.50% to 1.00%, a tungsten mass fraction from 0.50% to 1.00% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.20% to 0.30% on.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNiMo18-15-3 (material number: 1.4441).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of a maximum of 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction of 17.0% to 19.0% and a molybdenum mass fraction of 2.70% to 3.0%
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X5CrNi18-10 (material number: 1.4301). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.07%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.5% to 19.5%, a nickel mass fraction from 8.0% to 10.5% and a nitrogen mass fraction ⁇ 0.1 1%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X4CrNi18-12 (material number: 1.4303). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.06%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.0% to 19.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 1 1.0% to 13.0% and a nitrogen mass fraction ⁇ 0.1 1%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X8CrNiS18-9 (material number: 1.4305).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.10%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.0% to 19.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 8.0% to 10.0%, a sulfur mass fraction from 0.15% to 0.35% and a copper mass fraction ⁇ 1.00%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNi19-11 (material number: 1.4306).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 18.0% to 20.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 10.0% to 12.0% and a nitrogen mass fraction ⁇ 0.1 1%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNi18-9 (material number: 1.4307).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.5% to 19.5%, a nickel mass fraction from 8.0% to 10.5% and a nitrogen mass fraction ⁇ 0.1 1%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNi18-10 (material number: 1.4311).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.5% to 19.5%, a nickel mass fraction from 8.5% to 11.5% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.12% to 0.22%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X6CrNiTi18-10 (material number: 1.4541). This steel has a carbon mass fraction of ⁇ 0.08%, a chromium mass fraction of 17.0% to 19.0%, a nickel mass fraction of 9.0% to 12.0% and a titanium mass fraction of 0.70% maximum.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X6CrNiNb18-10 (material number: 1.4550). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.08%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.0% to 19.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 9.0% to 12.0% and a maximum niobium mass fraction of 1.00%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X3CrNiCu18-9-4 (material number: 1.4567).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.04%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.0% to 19.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 8.5% to 10.5% and a copper mass fraction from 3.0% to 4.0% .
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X10CrNi18-8 (material number: 1.4310).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction of 0.05% to 0.15%, a chromium mass fraction of 16.0% to 19.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction ⁇ 0.80% and a nickel mass fraction of 6.0% to 9.5% .
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X5CrNiMo17-12-2 (material number: 1.4401).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.07%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.5% to
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMo17-12-2 (material number: 1.4404).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.5% to
  • the steel can be an austenitic corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2 (material number: 1.4571). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.08%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.5% to
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNiMoN17-13-3 (material number: 1.4429). This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.5% to
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the material designation X2CrNiMo18-14-3 (material number: 1.4435).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 17.0% to 19.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 2.5% to 3.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 12.5% to 15.0% and a nitrogen mass fraction ⁇ 0.10%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X3CrNiMo17-13-3 (material number: 1.4436).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.05%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.5% to
  • the steel can be an austenitic corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMoN17-13-5 (material number: 1.4439).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, a chromium mass fraction from 16.5% to
  • the steel can be an austenitic corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X1 NiCrMoCu25-20-5 (material number: 1.4539).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.020%, a chromium mass fraction from 19.0% to 21.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 4.0% to 5.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 24.0% to 26.0%, a copper mass fraction from 1, 20% to 2.00% and a nitrogen mass fraction ⁇ 0.15%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X2CrNiMnMoNbN25-18-5-4 (material number: 1.4565).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.030%, one
  • Chromium mass fraction from 24.0% to 26.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 4.0% to 5.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 16.0% to 19.0%, a manganese mass fraction from 5.0% to 7.0 %, a nitrogen mass fraction of 0.30% to 0.60% and a niobium mass fraction ⁇ 0.15%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X1 NiCrMoCuN25-20-7 (material number: 1.4529).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.020%, a chromium mass fraction from 19.0% to 21.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 6.0% to 7.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 24.0% to 26.0%, a copper mass fraction from 0.50% to 1.50% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.15% to 0.25%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X1 CrNiMoCuN20-18-7 (material number: 1.4547).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.020%, a chromium mass fraction from 19.5% to 20.5%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 6.0% to 7.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 17.5% to 18.5%, a copper mass fraction from 0.50% to 1.00% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.18% to 0.25%.
  • the steel can be an austenitic, corrosion-resistant steel with the abbreviation X1 CrNiMoCuN24-22-8 (material number: 1.4652).
  • This steel has a carbon mass fraction ⁇ 0.020%, a chromium mass fraction from 23.0% to 25.0%, a molybdenum mass fraction from 7.0% to 8.0%, a nickel mass fraction from 21.0% to 23.0%, a manganese mass fraction from 2.0% to 4.0% and a nitrogen mass fraction from 0.45% to 0.55%.
  • the metal or alloy product preferably generally has a steel, in particular corrosion-resistant steel, with a chromium mass fraction of 10% to 25% or consists of such a steel, in particular such a corrosion-resistant steel.
  • the metal or alloy product is a medical or medical technology product or a preliminary stage, in particular a semi-finished product, a blank or a semi-finished product, or a component, such as a screw, a rivet or a guide pin , a hollow handle, a handle or a spring, a medical or medical product, in particular a medical instrument, preferably a surgical instrument.
  • the medical or medical technology product is preferably a medical instrument, in particular a surgical instrument.
  • the surgical instrument can in particular be selected from the group consisting of a spreading instrument, a grasping instrument, a clamping instrument, a cutting instrument, a suturing device, an endoscope and a combined instrument.
  • the spreading instrument can be, for example, a retractor, a retractor, a wound spreader, a sternum spreader, a wound blocker, a speculum or a trocar sleeve.
  • the grasping instrument can be, for example, tweezers, a clamp, a needle holder or a grasping forceps.
  • the clamping instrument can be, for example, a soft clamp, in particular for temporary clamping for the intestine and fine vessels, or a preparation clamp.
  • the cutting instrument can be, for example, a scalpel, a knife, a pair of scissors, branch pliers, bone splitting pliers, ring pliers, an electrotome, a conchotome, a cautery or an ultrasound knife.
  • the suturing device can in particular be a stapling device (stacker) or a staple remover.
  • the combined instrument can be an endo stacker or a stapling device which, for example, clamps a hollow organ and at the same time cuts precisely. Furthermore, the combined instrument can be a combined needle holder, which can both grip and cut as a universal suture device.
  • the surgical instrument can be a hammer.
  • the surgical instrument can be a chisel, in particular flat or hollow chisels such as hollow bone chisels, or a curette, in particular a bone curette.
  • the surgical instrument can be a probe.
  • the surgical instrument can be a bone punch.
  • the surgical instrument can be a lever or elevator or a raspatory.
  • the invention in a second aspect, relates to a metal or alloy product.
  • the metal or alloy product is preferably produced or can be produced by a method according to the first aspect of the invention.
  • the metal or alloy product can have a pitting corrosion potential of 100 mV to 1200 mV, in particular 200 mV to 800 mV, preferably 300 mV to ... 600 mV (measured against a standard hydrogen electrode).
  • the metal or alloy product can have a contact angle of 60 ° to 140 °, in particular 65 ° to 120 °, preferably 70 ° to 100 °.
  • the contact angle can be measured in accordance with ASTM D 7334-08.
  • the contact angle can be measured using a contact angle measuring device from dataPhysics (Contact Angle System OCA 15 Plus) and using a 0.9% sodium chloride solution (B. Braun), the drop volume being 1 ⁇ l.
  • the samples can in this case be washed out in a regular manufacturing process and cleaned in deionized water in an ultrasonic bath for 5 minutes before the measurement, the samples being washed with deionized water and blown off with oil-free compressed air immediately before the measurement.
  • test specimens used were made from the same material and with the same manufacturing steps as the surgical instruments (eg clamps, needle holders, scissors with hard metal and the like).
  • surgical instruments eg clamps, needle holders, scissors with hard metal and the like.
  • SEM / EDX analyzes foreign material and material duplications were carried out on the corrosion samples and instruments.
  • Potentiodynamic tests were initially only carried out on test specimens. In order to analyze the benchmark and to compare whether the measured values measured on test specimens can be related to the instrument, instruments were measured in a laboratory. The results of the test specimens were confirmed.
  • a surgical instrument (clamp BH110R), corrosion test specimens and test platelets were initially treated by means of slide grinding for a period of four hours. The surgical instrument and specimens were then left to lighten for an hour. Both the instrument and the test specimens were made from the same material.
  • the surface of the surgical instrument and the test specimen were then electropolished. This was done with a DC voltage of 4.5 volts. The electropolishing was carried out for 45 seconds at a temperature of 80 ° C.
  • the surface of the surgical instrument and the test specimen were then passivated.
  • the surgical instrument and the test specimens were immersed in a 33% nitric acid.
  • the passivation was carried out for 30 minutes at a temperature of 30 ° C.
  • the corrosion test specimens showed Pitting corrosion potential of 550 mV.
  • the sample platelets had a contact angle of
  • a surgical instrument (clamp BH110R), corrosion test specimens and test platelets were first treated by means of slide grinding for a period of four hours. The surgical instrument and specimens were then left to lighten for an hour.
  • the surgical instrument and test specimens were then treated with blasting. Glass beads with an average diameter of 40 pm to 70 pm were used for this.
  • the blasting was carried out in an injector blasting system under a pressure of 4 bar.
  • the surgical instrument and the test specimens were then subjected to passivation.
  • a 10% citric acid solution was used for this.
  • the passivation took place over a period of 10 minutes at a temperature of 55 ° C.
  • the pitting corrosion potential of the corrosion test specimens was 386 mV.
  • the sample platelets had a contact angle of 74.4 °.
  • the comparison of a method according to the invention and a method of the generic type described above shows that the method according to the invention leads to products which are more resistant to corrosion and, in particular, more scratch-resistant.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for reducing the risk of surface discoloration compared to methods of the generic type.
  • the method according to the invention leads to products that are easier to clean (see measured contact angle).

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US20220002896A1 (en) 2022-01-06
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