EP3862490A2 - Mobile working machine with a tool holding device for holding a working tool - Google Patents

Abstract

It is a mobile work machine, in particular a wheel loader, telescopic loader, excavator, tractor or the like, with a vehicle frame and with a drive unit for driving at least one drive element, e.g. a drive wheel and / or crawler chassis, with at least one tool holding device being provided for holding a releasably connectable working tool , wherein the tool holding device comprises at least one locking unit (21) for releasably locking the working tool and at least one energy transfer unit (18, 19) for transferring energy for the working tool, the locking unit (21) at least a first, along a first adjustment path between an unlocking position and a locking position adjustable locking element (13), wherein the energy transfer unit (18, 19) at least a first, adjustable along a second adjustment path between a release position and a transfer position it has transmission element (19), which at least partially improves the disadvantages of the state of the art and, in particular, can safely ensure trouble-free and / or fully automated operation or tool change, even over a longer period of time, under construction site operations. According to the invention, this is achieved, among other things, in that the first receiving device (12, 14) of the work tool and / or the first transmission device (18) of the work tool has at least one first dirt opening (15, 23) and / or a first dirt channel (15, 23) for Has discharge and / or passage of dirt (22).

Description

The invention relates to a mobile work machine with a tool holding device for holding a work tool according to the preamble of claim 1.

State of the art

Mobile work machines, in particular wheel loaders, telescopic handlers, excavators, tractors or the like, with a vehicle frame and with a drive unit for driving at least one drive element, e.g. a drive wheel and / or crawler chassis, nowadays often have so-called "quick changers" for the attachable tools such as shovels, Grab shovel, snow plow, snow blower, forklift tines, excavator shovel, excavator grapple or the like.

These standardized quick coupler systems mostly work hydraulically in order to operate the coupling / uncoupling or locking / unlocking of the attachment or the tool from the cab. It is often necessary to change various tools several times a day. In addition to purely "passive" tools, "active" tools or equipment such as hydraulic hammers, brooms or grab shovels, i.e. with "active" or adjustable or (motor) driven components, are used in some cases.

Energy transfer from the vehicle to the tool is therefore necessary for these "active" or driven components.

In addition to the so far relatively few electrical, "active" tools or attachments with electric motors, electromagnets or the like, the "active" attachments / tools are currently usually hydraulically driven, for example by means of hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors, so that a hydraulic connection is also established or needs to be resolved. With the wheel loaders or excavators, telescopic loaders, etc. available on the market, the driver currently still has to get down to connect and disconnect this hydraulic connection / line and carry out the work manually. This is cumbersome and time-consuming for the driver and sometimes leads to injuries or faults in the hydraulics when getting in or out, e.g. due to rush or hectic pace.

However, they are already out of the EP 1 329 559 A2 , DE 697 17 080 T2 or DE 692 10 405 T2 Quick-change systems have become known, whereby in addition to the mechanical coupling or locking / unlocking, a hydraulic coupling / uncoupling of the attachment is made possible at the same time. However, these systems have so far not been able to establish themselves in the market or on construction sites.

Such construction vehicles or attachments are known to be exposed to very high and very rough requirements during operation. On the one hand, the dirt from the construction site and, on the other hand, the sometimes large forces that act on the components and can deform / bend them, impair the functionality of the couplings, both the hydraulic and the mechanical coupling components. For example, the attachments can get dirty even when they are not in use for a long period of time, which can affect the hydraulic coupling components in particular and would have to be prevented by attaching sealing plugs or the like. It is necessary to attach and remove such sealing plugs then, however, the driver can again manually change the tool before and after and leave the driver's cab for this purpose.

Object and advantages of the invention

The object of the invention, on the other hand, is to propose a mobile work machine with a tool holding device that at least partially improves the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, can reliably ensure trouble-free and / or fully automated operation or tool change, even over a longer period of time, under construction site operations.

Based on a mobile work machine of the type mentioned in the introduction, this object is achieved primarily by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments and developments of the invention are possible through the measures mentioned in the subclaims.

Accordingly, a mobile work machine according to the invention with a tool holding device is characterized in that the first receiving device of the work tool and / or the first transfer device of the work tool has at least one first dirt opening and / or a first dirt channel for discharging and / or guiding dirt.

With the help of this measure, any existing soiling or dirt can be removed or at least reduced during or even through the coupling or locking. Thus, according to the invention, a “self-cleaning system” can advantageously be implemented at least in part.

Accordingly, the operational safety can be improved or, even in rough and dirty construction site conditions, a long or trouble-free / -free operation of so-called.
"Quick couplers" can be achieved. Even with "active tools" or attachments with an integrated actuator, such as a motor, linear drive or the like, for example, a "fully automatic" change of the tool or attachment can be implemented, ie without manual handling of the attachment or without the driver has to leave the cabin. The latter in particular significantly / completely reduces the risk of injury to the driver and also saves a lot of time.

At present, working machines are already in use that have attachments / tools or tools with electric actuators such as electric motors or electric coils / magnets, etc. For this purpose, electrical energy transmission from the drive vehicle or from the wheel loader, excavator, telescopic loader or the like to / on the attachment or tool is to be provided. In some cases, the drive vehicle has at least one electric drive for the running wheels and / or at least one hydraulic system, for example to operate the lifting frame or lifting / support arm and / or the steering, in particular an articulated steering.

Preferably, at least one hydraulic unit comprising at least one hydraulic fluid and / or one hydraulic oil is provided, the hydraulic unit in particular comprising at least one first piston adjustable in a hydraulic cylinder and / or the energy transfer unit. In this way, already existing, tried and tested components can be used in an advantageous manner, which enable an inexpensive and reliable working machine according to the invention. Thus, the work tool or attachment can advantageously one hydraulic actuator, preferably a hydraulic cylinder with piston.

According to the invention, at least one position sensor is provided for detecting at least the piston in an end position and / or the first locking element in the unlocking position and / or that a first actuating element is provided for actuating the first locking element of the locking unit and / or the piston. This also enables the object of the invention to be achieved, namely to at least partially improve the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, to be able to reliably ensure trouble-free and / or fully automated operation or tool change, even over a longer period, under construction site operations. For example, knowing or detecting the position / location of the piston or the locking element can be used to ensure whether and / or that the working tool is securely locked or fixed to / with the tool holding device. This is of great importance for operational safety and / or for trouble-free coupling or uncoupling, in particular the energy transfer unit and / or the hydraulic system or hydraulic components such as hydraulic couplings / connections.

According to the invention, the hydraulic unit has at least one pressure valve, such as a pressure relief valve etc., for pressure relief of the hydraulic unit and a second actuating element for actuating the pressure relief valve, a control unit being designed so that the first locking element can be actuated in the unlocking position when the second actuating element is actuated . This enables, for example, pressure relief of the hydraulic unit to be implemented first and only then can the (first) locking element be actuated. So can at Hydraulic systems ensure that no or at least very little hydraulic fluid / oil escapes or leaks when coupling or uncoupling or when connecting or disconnecting the hydraulic coupling / connection. This can effectively prevent the oil from sticking with dirt and thus effectively prevent impairment of the next coupling as well as a disadvantageous loss of oil. Accordingly, the object according to the invention is also achieved with this measure.

According to the invention, at least one actuation sensor is provided for detecting a position / position of the (first) actuation element. This also enables the object of the invention to be achieved, namely to at least partially improve the disadvantages of the prior art and, in particular, to be able to reliably ensure trouble-free and / or fully automated operation or tool change, even over a longer period, under construction site operations. For example, by knowing or detecting the position / location of the at least one actuating element or several actuating elements, it can be ensured that the working tool can be securely locked or fixed on / with the tool holding device. Thus, for example, a pressure relief / reduction of the energy transmission unit and / or the transmission device and / or the transmission element can be achieved / implemented or an energy supply can be switched off / prevented. This is of great importance for operational safety and / or for trouble-free coupling or uncoupling, in particular the energy transfer unit and / or the hydraulic system or hydraulic components such as hydraulic couplings / connections.

A two-stage or multi-stage operating mode / switching is preferably advantageous. In a first stage, the energy supply or pressurization is / is switched off / interrupted or at least advantageously reduced. In a second stage, for example, the coupling / locking or the uncoupling / unlocking is only made possible with the aid of the actuation sensor and / or a control unit or the like. In this case, actuation of one or the first actuation element, in particular switches such as a locking button / switch / button or the like, and detection of this actuation or its position / position by means of the advantageous sensor, can release a further or second actuation element or this become ready for operation in order to realize the locking or unlocking. For example, a toggle switch or the like is used, which first has to be released by pressing or actuating a locking button / slide or a second switch / button / actuating element or the like.

The first actuating element and the second actuating element are advantageously designed as separate switches for two-hand operation, a switch spacing being provided between the first actuating element / switch and the second actuating element / switch. The distance between the switches is, for example, at least as large as a hand. In an advantageous manner, the driver has to actuate them with both hands to operate or actuate the two switches. In this way it is ensured in an advantageous manner that no unintentional, in particular simultaneous actuation of the two actuating elements or switches can take place during the work or the operation of the support / lifting arm and / or the tool. This also improves operational safety.

In general, it is advantageous according to the invention to provide at least one length compensation unit for compensating for length differences of the energy transmission unit that are aligned along the second adjustment path. In this way, manufacturing tolerances and / or damage or deformations or the like that occur over time due to the rough operating or construction site conditions can be compensated for in an advantageous manner. In this way, the energy transfer can be ensured even with differently sized second adjustment paths or distances / distances between the release position and the transfer position of the adjustable transmission element, i.e. different length differences according to the invention.

Preferably, at least the length compensation unit is designed at least as hydraulic fluid, in particular hydraulic oil, and / or the first hydraulic length compensation unit comprising the first hydraulic length compensation unit, which can be adjusted in the hydraulic cylinder, in particular a pressure limiting valve being provided for pressure limitation. In this way, on the one hand, a relatively large difference in length and / or which changes over time can be bridged according to the invention or adapted to it, even if unintentional deformations of the tool holding device occur due to external forces. Thus, the object of the invention can also be achieved with this measure, namely to ensure safe and trouble-free and / or fully automated operation or tool change even under construction site operations, even over a longer period of time.

The advantageous pressure relief valve limits the maximum pressure of the system or of the hydraulic cylinder / piston, see above that the transmission element rests / is pressed firmly against the transmission device, but not too tightly. In addition, an energy saving is achieved as a result, since the hydraulic system, in particular in continuous operation, only has to apply the limited contact pressure or transfer pressure and not the maximum system pressure. The hydraulic components are also protected accordingly, which improves / extends the service life of the hydraulic system.

In a preferred variant of the invention, at least one transverse adjustment unit is provided for adjusting different positions of the energy transfer unit and / or the transfer element and / or the transfer device and / or receiving device and / or the first locking element, which are aligned transversely / perpendicularly to the second adjustment path. In this way, manufacturing tolerances and / or damage or deformations or the like that occur over time due to the rough operating or construction site conditions can be compensated for in an advantageous manner. Correspondingly, advantageous relative movements / adjustments between the coupling or coupling mechanisms can be achieved. Coupling components are implemented in order to be able to compensate for any existing or occurring tolerances / deformations in an advantageous manner. In this way, above all, the transfer of energy or the transfer of hydraulic fluid can be ensured even with different positions of the corresponding components, i.e. different positions transverse to the second / first adjustment path.

In principle, it is at least conceivable that the energy transmission or the transmission element / device is implemented or largely separately and / or separately / at a distance from the unlocking / locking or from the locking unit / locking element is operated. For example, the first adjustment path can be configured to be parallel or even at an acute angle and / or of different lengths in relation to the second adjustment path. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, however, the first transmission element is arranged at least partially within the first locking element of the locking unit and / or at least partially within the hydraulic cylinder the first, adjustable locking element and / or the first, adjustable transmission element is arranged and / or is the first Adjustment path at the same time the second adjustment path. This not only reduces the structural and economic effort, for example through the implementation of a common / single adjustment path actuator for the two identical adjustment paths of the (two) adjustable elements or components, especially through the "double use" of the first piston or Hydraulic cylinder.

The above-mentioned advantageous measures also increase operational reliability in that, for example, the first locking element largely or completely surrounds the first transmission element, at least in the area of the coupling / coupling or locking, ie at the "interfaces" between / on the tool holding device and the working tool. When coupling / coupling, due to the large forces / weights of such machines and attachments, there is a particularly high risk that the above components can be damaged or deformed, especially the components of the energy transmission such as those "susceptible" to external forces. hydraulic components or hoses / connections.

Advantageously, the first, adjustable locking element and / or the first, adjustable transmission element and / or the piston has at least one end face oriented transversely to the first / second adjustment path, with at least one axial sealing element for sealing the transmission of the hydraulic fluid and / or the hydraulic oil being advantageously arranged on the end face surface, with the axial sealing element being in particular centric, e.g. as an O-ring or flat circular ring seal, arranged around the longitudinal axis of the piston / transmission element. For a tight transmission of the hydraulic fluid and / or the hydraulic oil, the first, adjustable transmission element and / or the piston can have a radial seal around the circumference or on the outer circumference, so that the hydraulic fluid or the oil is effectively sealed off from the outside.

The advantageous axial seal, ie sealing at the front, along the adjustment path, with sealing surfaces oriented transversely / perpendicular to the adjustment path, however, advantageously enables an arrangement or dimensioning in which the sealing surfaces of the seal are very close or directly to the coupling point or the flow opening of the Hydraulic system can be arranged. This ensures that very little or almost no oil or liquid leaks or can run out when coupling and uncoupling or when connecting and releasing. Slightly larger amounts of escaping hydraulic fluid or oil can also stick with dirt / dust and is a disadvantage for coupling / uncoupling or for the hydraulic system and can impair operation.

In an advantageous variant of the invention, at least one first support element for carrying the work tool has at least one first receiving opening for the first locking element and / or the hydraulic cylinder has at least one first end surface oriented transversely to the first / second adjustment path, wherein a first distance between the first support element and the first end surface of the hydraulic cylinder is preferably provided in the locking position of the first locking element. Coupling / coupling can also be ensured with / with certain deformations of the corresponding components, especially in the course of time, and above all also the energy transfer with different or changed adjustment paths or distances / distances, e.g. between the support element and the receiving device and / or between the release position of the adjustable transmission element and the transmission device. In this way, for example, manufacturing tolerances and / or damage or deformations or the like occurring over time due to the rough operating or construction site conditions, in particular of the tool holding device or the support element and / or the working tool, can be compensated for in an advantageous manner.

The hydraulic / length compensation unit and / or the first piston advantageously has at least one first stop surface for striking and / or limiting a stroke, the first stop surface in particular being designed as an end face. Due to the advantageous stop according to the invention, the hydraulic length compensation unit or the piston can extend in an advantageous manner, i.e. for coupling / coupling / locking, until it strikes with the first stop surface on the implement. This means that a purely mechanical or additional length adjustment is unnecessary.

The first receiving device and / or the first transmission device of the working tool preferably has at least one second stop surface for stopping against the first stop surface of the piston and / or the length compensation unit on. With this, a clear definition or determination of the adjustment path or the extension of the piston or the locking element can be implemented, so that even with deformations etc. of the corresponding components that occur over time, contact continues / always and thus advantageously also a secure Locking or transferring the energy or the / the hydraulic fluid / oil can be guaranteed. This, in turn, increases operational reliability and trouble-free operation and guarantees a long service life.

In a special development of the invention, the first locking element of the locking unit and / or the first piston of the hydraulic cylinder is designed as a dirt removal element for at least partially removing dirt from the first receiving device of the work tool and / or from the first transmission device of the work tool. So in an advantageous manner existing dirt or dirt / dust during or by the coupling / locking with the help of the dirt removal element according to the invention can be removed or at least significantly reduced. Accordingly, an automatic coupling / coupling of the working tool or a "self-cleaning system" can be implemented at least partially according to the invention in an advantageous manner. This means that manual intervention or cleaning of the connection components or the tool holding device and / or the working tool, in particular the components / elements for the energy transmission, is or can be dispensed with.

Accordingly, a completely fully automatic so-called "quick change" of the working device (s) can be implemented with a mobile working machine according to the invention, even with "active" working devices with "actuators" or Energy consumers such as motors, linear drives, cylinders or the like. As a result, in comparison with the prior art, with previous so-called "quick-change systems", the driver does not have to leave the driver's seat or the driver's cab at all. The latter in particular significantly / completely reduces the risk of injury to the driver and also saves a lot of time. All of this improves the operational reliability, even or especially in the rough and dirty construction site conditions, a long or trouble-free / trouble-free mode of operation can thus be achieved according to the invention.

The first dirt opening and / or the first dirt channel is preferably arranged at least partially in the vertical direction below the first transmission element and / or the first locking element. Thus, the dirt can be removed by gravity, which is structurally and economically favorable.

In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the first transmission device of the working tool has at least one first receiving sleeve for receiving the first locking element, wherein the first receiving sleeve comprises at least the first dirt channel and / or wherein at least partially between the first support element and the first receiving sleeve at least the first dirt channel is arranged. For example, a clear distance or an air gap is provided between the tool holding device or the support element and the first transmission device of the working tool or the first receiving sleeve. Alternatively or in combination with this, the first dirt channel can advantageously be aligned at an acute angle in relation to the first and / or second adjustment path. So the dirt can preferably by means of the dirt removal element to or through the air gap or Dirt channel or the dirt opening are pushed or fall through this down / out, for example to the ground.

The first dirt channel advantageously has at least one annular channel of the first receiving sleeve and / or of the first transmission device. This measure ensures that dirt / dust can be removed at least partially all around, for example by means of the locking element / piston, in particular from the area / contact of the energy transmission unit or a hydraulic line or hydraulic coupling, so that the contact or the contact surfaces at least between the transmission element and the transmission device is / is largely free of dirt / contamination. This also improves the operational safety, especially the energy transfer.

In a particular development of the invention, the locking unit has at least one second, adjustable locking element, the second locking element in the locking position being at least partially arranged in a second receiving device of the work tool, and / or the energy transfer unit having at least one second, adjustable transfer element, wherein the second transmission element in the transmission position is at least partially connected to a second transmission device of the work tool, and / or the first and the second adjustable locking element and / or the first and the second adjustable transmission element are at least partially arranged within the hydraulic cylinder of the hydraulic unit and / or the first adjustment path of the first locking element is oriented in the opposite direction to the first adjustment path of the second locking element and / or the second adjustment path of the first transmission element is opposite common to the second Adjustment of the second transmission element aligned. With one or more of these measures, the energy transfer and / or the holding / locking / fixing of the work tool can be improved.

Preferably, a "mirror image" holding of the work tool can be implemented on both sides or around the central central axis of the work machine. On the one hand, this improves the mechanics / statics and, on the other hand, the same / identical parts or components can be used on the first and the second side. This also improves the economy of the invention.

In a preferred variant of the invention, at least the first piston and a second piston and / or the first and second adjustable locking element and / or the first and second adjustable transmission element are arranged in a common cylinder housing of the hydraulic cylinder. In an advantageous manner, for example, with a single or common hydraulic connection of the hydraulic cylinder, both pistons can be controlled or pressurized simultaneously and in the same way. This not only reduces the number of components / parts required, but also leads to an advantageous hydraulic system and thus also to an advantageous locking and unlocking or adjustment of the two locking elements.

Embodiment

An embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail below with reference to the figures.

Figur 1

eine schematische, perspektivische Ansicht einer mobilen Arbeitsmaschine mit Anbaugerät gemäß der Erfindung,

Figur 2

eine schematische Ansicht des Anbaugeräts gemäß Figur 1 mit dessen Hydrauliksystem,

Figur 3

eine schematisch im Längsschnitt dargestellte Kupplungsstelle gemäß der Erfindung in verriegelter Position,

Figur 4

die schematisch im Längsschnitt dargestellte Kupplungsstelle gemäß der Erfindung in verschiedenen Positionen während eines Kopplungsvorganges,

Figur 5

eine schematisch dargestellte Aufnahmehülse des Anbaugerätes gemäß der Erfindung im Längsschnitt und im Querschnitt und

Figur 6

ein schematischer Auszug eines Hydraulik-Schaltplans der mobilen Arbeitsmaschine gemäß Figur 1.

In detail shows:

Figure 1

a schematic, perspective view of a mobile work machine with an attachment according to the invention,

Figure 2

a schematic view of the attachment according to Figure 1 with its hydraulic system,

Figure 3

a coupling point according to the invention shown schematically in longitudinal section in the locked position,

Figure 4

the coupling point according to the invention shown schematically in longitudinal section in different positions during a coupling process,

Figure 5

a schematically shown receiving sleeve of the attachment according to the invention in longitudinal section and in cross section and

Figure 6

a schematic excerpt of a hydraulic circuit diagram of the mobile work machine according to Figure 1 .

In Figure 1 a wheel loader 1 or a mobile work machine 1 with an attachment or a work tool 2 according to the invention is shown schematically. In the present case, the working tool 2 is a so-called "grab shovel" 2, ie this shovel is not only "passive", but that part of the grab shovel 2 can be actively adjusted by means of two hydraulic cylinders 3, for example for quickly emptying building material like gravel or sand. Accordingly, it is an “active work tool” 2 in the sense of the invention, with energy, that is to say in the present case hydraulic energy by means of hydraulic oil, being transmitted from a drive vehicle 4 to the work tool 2 in an advantageous manner.

Without further illustration, the drive vehicle 4 advantageously has a drive motor, in particular a diesel engine, and a hydraulic pump, on the one hand to generate the drive energy for drive wheels, in particular for all-wheel drive, and on the other hand to provide the hydraulic energy, e.g. for a lifting arm 5, a steering system 6 and the work tool 2 or the gripping shovel 2, ie the hydraulic cylinders 3, to be available and to be able to operate them accordingly.

A driver (not shown) controls the machine 1 or the work tool 2 from a driver's seat 7 and for this purpose, in addition to the steering 6, also has an operating element 8 or a so-called "joystick" 8, ie also as a so-called "joystick" 8 designated / known, available.

In addition, the wheel loader 1 has a tool holding device 9 or a so-called "quick change system" or a so-called "quick change plate", which in the present case can be in operative connection with two receptacles 10 of the work tool 2. So on each side of the Lifting arm 5, that is, on both sides of a so-called . Vertical and horizontal distances as well as diameter / dimensions of the receptacles 10, bolts 13, holes 12 etc. are standardized in an advantageous manner, so that a wide variety of work tools 2 such as shovels, lifting forks, grippers, brooms, snow plows etc. can be quickly and easily attached to the lifting arm 5 can be coupled and uncoupled, ie exchanged.

With "quick-change systems" according to the prior art, the driver did not need to leave the driver's seat 7 or a driver's cab with "passive" work tools 2 and could carry out the change automatically. In contrast, with "active" work tools 2 like the gripping shovel 2 shown, the driver had to connect or disconnect hydraulic couplings / hoses and / or to remove dirt from dirty coupling components, in particular the hydraulic couplings of the work tool 2, the driver's cab or leave the driver's seat 7, which required a great deal of time and where, if necessary, drivers repeatedly injure themselves when getting in or out of the vehicle due to rush, hectic pace or inattention.

In Figure 2 the grab shovel 2 is shown schematically as viewed from the rear, hydraulic lines being provided between the two hydraulic cylinders 3 and two transmission devices 14. These transmission devices 14 are arranged on the receptacles 10 or support arms 10, already in FIG Figure 2 on the underside of the transmission devices 14 holes or openings 15 can be seen.

These openings 15 or holes 15 and their function is mainly in Figure 4 clearly visible. Figure 4 shows different moments or positions during a locking or coupling process of the lifting arm 5 to / with the / the working tool 2. In Figure 4 a) only the support arm 10 or receptacle 10 of the work tool 2 with the transmission device 14 is shown, the latter comprising a fixing bushing 16 for fixing a receiving / centering bushing 17 and a first, hydraulic coupling element 18 of a hydraulic line.

In Figure 4 b) the bolt 11 of the lifting arm 5, not shown here, has already engaged in the upper area of the receptacle 10, the bolt 13 with a second hydraulic coupling element 19 arranged at the end or front side and a cylinder housing 20 for the bolt 13, which thus also has a piston 13 Hydraulic cylinder 21 of the lifting arm 5 or the tool holding device 9 is.

In the individual figures of Figure 4 a contamination with dirt 22 is also shown as an example for illustration, which has accumulated in the bore 12 and also in the centering sleeve 17 due to a longer break or non-use of the implement 2. This dirt 22 could impair the / the hydraulic clutch / connection by means of the two clutch elements 18, 19 and thus inter alia the function of the cylinder 3 and / or lead to a (more extensive) leakage of this clutch. The two coupling elements 18, 19 each advantageously have valves (cf. Figure 3 ), especially non-return valves, in order to avoid the coupling in the non-coupled state (cf. Figure 4 b) ) to safely seal the hydraulic system and only in the coupled state according to Figure 4 e) to allow the hydraulic fluid to flow through. The open state of the valves is in Figure 3 shown schematically, the closed state of the valve of the bolt / piston 13 is also shown here only schematically, dashed lines.

As in Figure 4 c) It becomes clear that the bolt 13 or the piston 13 clears / pushes the dirt 22 of the bore 12 through its adjustment or through its advance out of the bore. In this case, this dirt 22 falls out through the opening 15 or channel 15 arranged below the bore 12. In the next figure or Figure 4 d) the bolt / piston 13 is extended further and pushes / clears out the dirt 22 in the centering sleeve 17 via a dirt channel 23 oriented at an acute angle downwards in relation to the adjustment direction or the longitudinal axis of the hydraulic cylinder 21.

In the end position according to Figure 4 e) the bolt / piston 13 strikes with a stop 25 or an annular surface 25 of its end face in an advantageous manner on the transmission device 14 or the centering sleeve 17. In addition, an advantageous annular channel 24 is formed, this being a cavity between the bolt / piston 13 or the stop 25 and the centering sleeve 17 or as a recess in the centering sleeve 17. Here, the stop 25 is also designed as an axial seal 25 according to the invention. In this position, dirt 22 continues to fall through channel 23 or is removed accordingly. Too much or otherwise not cleared / pushed out dirt 22 can now advantageously remain in the annular channel 24 (for the time being) and possibly migrate downward over time during operation and fall out through the channel 23.

It is of great advantage that the bolt / piston 13 strikes the front side by means of the annular surface or the stop 25, ie the adjustment path is limited by this and not by a stop of the piston 13 on the cylinder housing 20. This is illustrated, inter alia, in Figure 3 somewhat clarified, namely in the end position, ie with the maximum adjustment path or stroke, advantageously a distance 27 or cavity 27 is present between a shoulder 26 of the piston 13 and the cylinder housing 20. In this way, manufacturing tolerances and / or deformations or damage occurring over time, for example the receptacles 10 or the like, can be compensated for in an advantageous manner. This is / can be realized in that, for example, with a greater distance between the two receptacles 10 of the implement 2, the piston (s) 13 of the hydraulic cylinder 21 can then extend further, ie have an adapted, longer adjustment path. This ensures that the piston 13 or its coupling element 19 always extends / strikes up to the coupling element 18 of the working device 2 or the transmission device 14 and a sealed hydraulic connection is implemented according to the invention.

In addition, an air gap 28 or spacing 28 is provided between the receptacle 10 or the support arm 10 of the working device 2 and the hydraulic cylinder 21 or the cylinder housing 20. This axial distance 28 or air gap 28 aligned in the direction of the adjustment path of the bolt 13 or piston 13 is of great advantage because usually the connection or the formation between the tool holding device 9 or so-called. "Quick release plate" 9 and the implement 2 or the recordings 10 for a jam-free attachment and detachment, this tolerance or such a game is helpful. This game or this distance 28 is customary in practice between 0 and 10 mm in size. According to the invention, this play or this tolerance can advantageously be compensated for hydraulically with the hydraulic cylinder 21 or its variable stroke length / adjustment path (see above). Overall, according to the invention, tolerances of over approx. 10 mm can be compensated hydraulically in an advantageous manner, so that not only manufacturing tolerances but also deformations / damage occurring over time due to the harsh operating conditions can be compensated. This ensures a particularly safe mode of operation, namely above all that the hydraulic coupling elements 18, 19 are (always) securely and completely connected, so that low-loss hydraulic energy / power transmission is made possible, and this also ensures a long service life.

In Figure 5 is on the one hand a schematic view of a cross-section ( Figure 5 a) ) and on the other hand a schematic view of a longitudinal section ( Figure 5 b) ) of the transmission device 14 is shown. A radial play 29 or gap 29 between the fixing bush 16 and the centering bush 17 is also advantageously provided therein. This game 29 enables the compensation of manufacturing tolerances or tolerances regarding the (essentially vertically aligned) distance between the bolt 11 or the corresponding recess of the receptacle 10 and the bolt / piston 13. The centering bushing 17 is advantageously on the Fixing bushing 16 adjustably supported / clamped, for example by means of a locking ring / washer or so-called "snap ring", "circlip" or the like and possibly by means of an intermediate piece or clamping element. As a result, the exact radial position / position of the centering bush 17 and thus of the coupling element 18 can be adapted to the actual dimensions or Positions can be adjusted so that an exact coupling is possible. This improves operational safety.

In Figure 6 a hydraulic circuit diagram of a section of the hydraulic system of the mobile work machine 1 according to the invention is shown schematically. Figure 6 shows that there is a common hydraulic cylinder 21 for the two adjustable bolts / pistons 13. This means that a common cylinder housing 20 guides / encompasses the two oppositely arranged pistons 13. The locking of the respective piston 13 in the bore 12 of the respective receptacle 10 of the working device 2 takes place on both, opposite sides. the outer end of the piston 13 is guided to the respective valve or check valve. Two connections X, Y in Figure 6 drawn, the hydraulic fluid from ports Y and X via advantageous valves, esp. 2/2-way valves A, C, each through an opening of the cylinder housing 20 to the respective adjustable piston 13 and within this to a check valve and thus, if necessary, to the Working tool 2 or its actuators / cylinder 3 can flow.

The adjustment of the two piston / locking elements 13 takes place in the present case by means of pressurization, for example from port X via an optional pressure accumulator F and an advantageous valve B, in particular a 2/2-way valve, and preferably via a pressure limiting element D, in particular a pressure shut-off valve, to the center / Intermediate space or in the central region of the cylinder housing 20, ie in the intermediate space between the two oppositely arranged and opposing pistons 13. When pressure is applied to the space, the two pistons 13 move to the respective stop (cf. Figures 3 , 4th ) the end. Two advantageous sensors 31 or position sensors 31 detect the position or the end position of the respective piston / bolt 13, so that an (electrical) signal is advantageously generated or the locking is detected and the driver and / or an advantageous (electrical) control unit can be transmitted and, if necessary, signaled / displayed. This improves the operational reliability of the system.

The pressure accumulator F also serves to dampen the coupling process in an advantageous manner and, if necessary, to absorb excess oil when the oil volume in the components heats up, for example, especially when using or operating so-called "permanent oil consumers" such as snow blowers, road sweepers or like that.

The pressure limiting element D, in particular the pressure shut-off valve, ensures that the piston (s) 13 does not guarantee locking with a maximum system pressure of e.g. approx. 200 bar, but for example (adjustable) with approx. 20 bar continuous pressure. This saves energy and protects the components. In addition, this also enables the hydraulic length compensation to be realized in an advantageous manner.

The unlocking or retraction of the piston / bolt 13 takes place in that the chambers 27 arranged at the end are advantageously subjected to pressure via the connection Y. A safety system is preferably provided with which it is achieved / implemented that the coupling or locking of the tool holding device 9 is only possible when the hydraulic lines located inside the piston 13 are depressurized is feasible. This means that there is no or minimum pressure within the piston 13, but for moving or adjusting the intermediate chamber / space between the two opposing pistons 13 for moving / locking is pressurized. The same is advantageously also implemented when the piston / bolt 13 is retracted or unlocked with respect to the chambers 27. The advantage here is that the sensors 31 can detect the position of the piston (s) / bolt or their signal can advantageously be used for this purpose.

In addition, according to the invention, in the driver's cab or for the driver, in addition to the operating element 8 or joystick 8, there is a second switch / button 30 which is widely spaced from the operating element 8. The control unit or control is designed in such a way that both the switch / button 30 is actuated and a switch / button / bolt of the operating element 8 must also be actuated in order to enable the piston / bolt 13 to be moved, preferably both when locking / Extending and when unlocking / retracting the piston / bolt 13. This increases the operational safety of the mobile working machine 1 or the coupling and uncoupling of the working tool 2 and increases the service life of the (hydraulic) components.

List of reference symbols

1

Wheel loader

2

Grab bucket

3

Hydraulic cylinder

4th

Drive vehicle

5

Lift arm

6th

steering

7th

Driver's seat

8th

Control element

9

Tool holding device

10

recording

11

bolt

12th

drilling

13th

Latch / piston

14th

Transmission device

15th

opening

16

Fixing bush

17th

Centering bush

18th

Coupling element

19th

Coupling element

20th

Cylinder housing

21

Hydraulic cylinder

22nd

dirt

23

Dirt channel

24

Ring channel

25th

attack

26th

shoulder

27

distance

28

distance

29

game

30th

counter

31

sensor

Claims (15)

Mobile work machine (1), in particular wheel loader (1), telescopic loader, excavator, tractor or the like, with a vehicle frame and with a drive unit for driving at least one drive element, e.g. a drive wheel and / or crawler chassis, with at least one tool holding device (9) for holding a releasably connectable working tool (2) is provided, the tool holding device (9) comprising at least one locking unit (21) for releasably locking the working tool (2) and at least one energy transfer unit (18, 19) for transferring energy for the working tool (2) , wherein the locking unit (21) has at least one first locking element (13) adjustable along a first adjustment path between an unlocking position and a locking position, the first locking element (13) in the locking position at least partially in at least one first receiving device (12, 14) of the working tool (2) is arranged, wherein the energy transfer unit (18, 19) has at least a first, along a second adjustment path between a release position and a transfer position adjustable transfer element (19), the first transfer element (19) in the transfer position at least partially with a first Transfer device (18) of the working tool (2) is connected, characterized in that the first receiving device (12, 14) of the working tool (2) and / or the first transfer device (18) of the working tool (2) has at least one first dirt opening (15, 23) and / or a first dirt channel (15, 23) for discharging and / or passing dirt (22) through. Work machine according to Claim 1 or according to the preamble of Claim 1, characterized in that at least one hydraulic unit comprising at least one hydraulic fluid and / or one hydraulic oil is provided, in particular the hydraulic unit having at least one first piston (13) adjustable in a hydraulic cylinder (21). and / or comprises the energy transmission unit (19). Work machine according to one of the preceding claims and / or according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that at least one position sensor (31) is provided for detecting at least the piston (13) in an end position and / or the first locking element (13) in the unlocking position and / or that a first actuating element (8, 30) is provided for actuating the first locking element (13) of the locking unit (21) and / or the piston (13). Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic unit has at least one pressure valve (D) for pressure relief of the hydraulic unit and a second actuating element (8, 30) for actuating the pressure relief valve (D), a control unit being designed so that the first locking element (13) can be actuated in the unlocking position when the second actuating element (8, 30) is actuated. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first actuating element (8, 30) and the second actuating element (8, 30) are designed as separate switches (8, 30) for two-hand operation, with a switch distance between the first actuating element / switch (8, 30) and the second actuating element / switch (8, 30) is provided. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims and / or according to the preamble of claim 1, characterized in that at least one length compensation unit is provided to compensate for length differences aligned along the second adjustment path. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least the length compensation unit is designed at least as a hydraulic length compensation unit (21) with hydraulic fluid, in particular hydraulic oil, and / or with the first piston (13) adjustable in the hydraulic cylinder (21), wherein in particular a pressure relief valve (D) is provided for pressure relief. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first transmission element (19) is arranged at least partially within the first locking element (13) of the locking unit (21) and / or that at least partially within the hydraulic cylinder (21) the first, adjustable locking element (13) and / or the first, adjustable transmission element (19) is arranged and / or that the first adjustment path is also the second adjustment path. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first, adjustable locking element (13) and / or the first, adjustable transmission element (19) and / or the piston (13) have at least one end face (25 ) and that at least one axial sealing element (25) for sealing the transmission of the hydraulic fluid and / or the hydraulic oil is arranged on the end face (25). Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one first support element (10) for carrying the work tool (2) comprises at least one first receiving opening (12) for the first locking element and / or that the hydraulic cylinder (21) has at least one transverse to the having first / second adjustment path aligned first end surface. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the locking position of the first locking element (13) a first distance (28) is provided between the first support element (10) and the first end surface of the hydraulic cylinder (21). Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the length compensation unit and / or the first piston (13) has at least one first stop surface (26) for stopping and / or limiting a stroke, wherein in particular the first stop surface (26) is designed as an end face surface is. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first receiving device (14) and / or the first transmission device (18) of the working tool (2) has at least one second stop surface for stopping against the first stop surface of the piston (13) and / or the Has length compensation unit. Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first locking element (13) of the locking unit (21) and / or the first piston (13) of the hydraulic cylinder (21) as a dirt removal element (13) for at least partial removal of dirt (22) is formed from the first receiving device (12) of the working tool (2) and / or the first transmission device (18) of the working tool (2). Work machine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first dirt opening (15) and / or the first dirt channel (23) at least partially in the vertical direction below the first transmission element (18) and / or the first locking element (13) and / or of the first piston (13) of the hydraulic cylinder (21) is arranged.

Images