EP3855467B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ansteuerung eines relais - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ansteuerung eines relais Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3855467B1
EP3855467B1 EP21152556.3A EP21152556A EP3855467B1 EP 3855467 B1 EP3855467 B1 EP 3855467B1 EP 21152556 A EP21152556 A EP 21152556A EP 3855467 B1 EP3855467 B1 EP 3855467B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
switching
relay
delay
zero crossing
time
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP21152556.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3855467A1 (de
Inventor
Patrick Engelhardt
Eduard Krämer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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EGO Elektro Geratebau GmbH
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Publication of EP3855467A1 publication Critical patent/EP3855467A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3855467B1 publication Critical patent/EP3855467B1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/02—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay
    • H01H47/18—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for modifying the operation of the relay for introducing delay in the operation of the relay
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle
    • H01H2009/566—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the AC cycle with self learning, e.g. measured delay is used in later actuations

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling a relay with relay contact, preferably a conventional relay. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device which is designed to carry out this method and which has the relay, preferably also a load to be connected from the relay to a switching voltage, and connections to a controller in order to control the relay, which preferably has a microcontroller .
  • a method and a system for controlling the timing of activation of a relay are known.
  • the voltage or current is monitored on a relay.
  • a switching delay is recorded.
  • a signal for switching the relay is generated offset by the detected switching delay so that switching occurs at zero voltage crossing if possible.
  • a hob is known as an electrical household appliance in which the power of heating devices for hotplates is switched using relays.
  • a control with a microcontroller is provided to control the relays. This means that these relays can be switched as desired, especially for clocking the heating devices. This involves switching relays as de-energized as possible, but not necessarily switching at a zero voltage crossing.
  • the invention is based on the object of creating a method mentioned at the beginning and a device mentioned at the beginning designed to carry out the method, with which problems of the prior art can be solved and in particular it is possible to be able to control a relay safely and reliably as well as a Opening or closing of the relay contact should, if possible, be achieved at zero switching voltage crossing, whereby the design effort should preferably remain small.
  • the invention therefore makes it possible for switching to occur as accurately as possible at the switching voltage zero crossing. It is therefore easy to adapt to different relays as well as to possibly different switching behavior during the opening and closing processes.
  • ohmic loads are switched during switching or during the method.
  • ohmic loads are switched because the current and voltage are exactly in phase. This makes the process much easier.
  • the possible switching delays are recorded separately.
  • a closing switching delay and an opening switching delay can therefore be determined separately for the closing process and the opening process become.
  • These two delays do not necessarily have to be the same and can differ by up to 50% or up to 70%.
  • the opening process is usually faster than the closing process. This is one of the reasons why the two switching delays are recorded and used separately.
  • the relay is shifted forward in time by the switching delay or is activated earlier than a subsequent switching voltage zero crossing by the duration of the switching delay. Switching thus takes place within a duration of a half-wave of the switching voltage and after a last detected switching voltage zero crossing.
  • An alternative calculation can provide that the duration of the switching delay is subtracted from the duration of a half-wave and the relay is activated with the switching trigger signal by this difference or switching time after the switching voltage zero crossing, so that switching actually takes place in the subsequent switching voltage zero crossing if possible . The result is the same.
  • a closing process and an opening process are carried out alternately at the end of a positive half-wave and at the end of a negative half-wave of the switching voltage.
  • the opening also takes place alternately after the end of a positive half-wave and then a negative half-wave. This can reduce what is known as material migration at the relay contact, which would permanently damage the relay contact. Every similar closing process and every similar opening process is therefore carried out with directly alternating current directions, whereby this material migration is reduced or avoided.
  • This corrected switching delay of the relay is then used for a subsequent opening process of the relay. Since, as explained above, the opening and closing of the relay contact can occur at different speeds, a noticeable switching difference will again occur between the actual switching time and the switching voltage zero crossing. With this switching difference, the aforementioned switching delay is corrected in order to obtain an opening switching delay. The next time the relay is switched as a closing process, i.e. when it is to be closed, the switching difference is recorded again and the switching delay is corrected in order to obtain a closing switching delay. The relay can then be further activated using these two switching delays.
  • a switching delay from earlier switching in particular in the first hours of operation of the electrical device with the relay in it, can be saved. This is advantageously done for both an opening process and a closing process.
  • a fault is detected in the relay or in a control for the relay.
  • Such an error can be signaled to an operator visually and/or acoustically. Under certain circumstances it can even be provided that a closing process of the relay is prevented, so that it is not switched on at the electrical device.
  • the microcontroller uses between 1,000 and 20,000 measuring points per second as the sampling frequency. These are preferably between 5,000 and 8,000 measuring points. This means that measurements are taken approximately every 150 ⁇ sec or every 160 ⁇ sec or there is this time interval between two measuring points. This is well below the aforementioned target of 0.4 msec as the desired upper limit for a time interval from the switching voltage zero crossing.
  • digital recording can be made to the sense line of the microcontroller. The microcontroller then triggers the relay with the switching trigger signal.
  • An electrical device that is designed to carry out the method is advantageously an electrical household appliance or a cooking appliance.
  • the method is therefore integrated into its control with a microcontroller, for example in a hob.
  • the method can advantageously be used for switching any type of ohmic load, including in an oven or for use in industry.
  • a hob 11 is shown schematically and in simplified form with a hob plate 12.
  • two heating devices 13a and 13b are arranged, which are designed here as known and usual radiant heating devices. They are therefore resistance heaters and therefore represent an exclusively ohmic load.
  • a pot 14 is placed on the hob plate 12 in order to be heated.
  • the hob 11 has a control 16 in order to be operated, in particular in order to supply the heating devices 13a and 13b with power during operation.
  • the control 16 has an operating device 18 on the underside of the hob plate 12, advantageously designed with operating elements in the form of touch switches and displays in the form of LED or illuminated displays.
  • the controller 16 has a microcontroller 20 as so-called intelligence.
  • the microcontroller 20 controls clock relays 22a and 22b, which each switch the switching voltage for the heating devices 13a and 13b and thus take over the power supply.
  • an isolating relay 23 is provided and a switching power supply 28, possibly designed as a switched mode power supply.
  • the control 16 has a connection cable 25 with a plug 26 at the free end as a power connection to 230 V/50 Hz. This represents the electrical connection of the hob 11, which is normally made in a junction box.
  • FIG. 2 A circuit diagram is shown with a conductor L and a neutral conductor of the switching voltage U, which virtually correspond to the connecting cable 25.
  • the conductor L goes to a cut-off relay 23, which essentially serves to be opened in emergencies and to switch off the hob 11, for example because a serious error has been detected. Such a switching process is very rare. Otherwise, the isolating relay 23 only switches in the de-energized state, so that its control or switching behavior is not critical for the subject of the present application.
  • a resistor R1 is connected to the isolating relay 23 in the upper branch upper circuit connected. Using two diodes, the signal lies behind the resistor R1 between ground and the potential of the neutral conductor N. Another resistor R2 and a capacitor C1 are then connected in parallel to ground.
  • the S_DLB signal applied to it is required, especially for dynamic load balancing.
  • the two signals S_DLB and S_Takt are also fed into the microcontroller 20, namely the signal S_Takt on a digital senseline.
  • the S_DLB signal is also mandatory as it is necessary for zero crossing detection.
  • the signals serve to like from the Fig. 2 It can be seen that the microcontroller 20 can, on the one hand, monitor the switching voltage U in order to carry out the method according to the invention and, on the other hand, sees or detects when the clock relay 22 switches or when its actual switching time occurs.
  • the curve for the switching voltage U is now shown over time t, below that for a switching trigger signal and again below that for the signal S_Takt.
  • the switching voltage U here is 230 V and 50 Hz.
  • the microcontroller 20 switches the clock relay 22 with a switching trigger signal at any time 1, so that the clock relay closes or a closing process takes place on its relay contact.
  • a certain closing switching delay SV on which can last for example 7 msec, the clock relay or its relay contact is actually closed and the switching current flow has started. This can be seen in the S_Takt signal, when it is at 1 again. During the closing process it is at zero.
  • This switching delay SV on is detected by the microcontroller 20 and stored for use in the next closing process on the clock relay 22.
  • the microcontroller 20 At an already planned time of opening the clock relay 22, for example because this is desired due to a power level of the power supply for the heating device 13, here as time 3, the microcontroller 20 generates a switching trigger signal for opening the clock relay as an opening process at the relay contact. For example, this occurs at the zero crossing of the switching voltage, but this does not have to be the case.
  • time 4 after an opening switching delay SV off , the relay contact is actually opened or the switching voltage is switched, the switching current flow has stopped. This switching delay SV off is around 5 msec and is therefore slightly shorter than the switching delay when switching on SV on .
  • the microcontroller 20 detects the switching delay SV off of the opening process. On the one hand, the heating device 13 is now switched off. On the other hand, this can be recognized by the S_Takt signal. This switching delay is saved for next use.
  • the microcontroller 20 should open the clock relay 22 again as part of the power supply.
  • a switching trigger signal for the opening process should therefore be generated or given to the clock relay 22 by the switching delay SV off before a voltage zero crossing, here from negative to positive.
  • the microcontroller 20 subtracts the switching delay SV off from the duration of a half-wave of the switching voltage and obtains the switch-off time t off . After the oppositely polarized switching voltage zero crossing from positive to negative, the switch-off time t off is waited and then the switching trigger signal to open the relay contact is generated at time 3.
  • the relay contact is opened or is actually opened and the switching current flow stops.
  • This switching can also be recognized in the S_Takt signal; it is also within the desired switching range SB.
  • the actual switching time is slightly before the switching voltage zero crossing, which again results in a switching difference.
  • This switching difference is subtracted from the switching delay SV off , which therefore becomes shorter, so that the switching trigger signal is generated a little later during the next opening process or less long before the switching voltage zero crossing, This makes the switch-off time t off slightly longer. If the actual switching time were a little after the switching voltage zero crossing, the resulting switching difference would be added to the switching delay, and the switching trigger signal would be generated a little earlier during the next opening process.
  • the switching delays SV on and SV off corrected in this way are used for the next closing process and the next opening process.
  • the respective switching difference can then be recorded again and the switching delays SV on and SV off can be corrected again.
  • the microcontroller 20 can take into account that the next closing process and also the next opening process take place at the oppositely polarized switching voltage zero crossing, i.e. from positive to negative. Then switching may occur a half-wave later, but this does not represent any significant difference or problem for the power supply.
  • the special feature of the invention with the simple interconnection according to Figs. 2 and 3 as well as the simple control or wiring of the microcontroller 20 show how the invention can be advantageously implemented.
  • the wiring effort according to Fig. 2 is low.
  • the above-described continuous correction of the switching delays SV on and SV off ensures that the switching time is actually carried out as close as possible to the switching voltage zero crossing, i.e. with a low switching current, at least in the aforementioned switching range SB of less than 1 msec or less than 0.8 msec .
  • the controller 16 or the microcontroller 20 can generate a type of warning or a request to replace a specific clock relay.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
EP21152556.3A 2020-01-27 2021-01-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ansteuerung eines relais Active EP3855467B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020200944.9A DE102020200944A1 (de) 2020-01-27 2020-01-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Ansteuerung eines Relais

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3855467A1 EP3855467A1 (de) 2021-07-28
EP3855467B1 true EP3855467B1 (de) 2023-10-18

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EP21152556.3A Active EP3855467B1 (de) 2020-01-27 2021-01-20 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur ansteuerung eines relais

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US (1) US11367579B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP3855467B1 (pl)
DE (1) DE102020200944A1 (pl)
PL (1) PL3855467T3 (pl)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114551157B (zh) * 2022-03-04 2023-07-11 阳光电源（上海）有限公司 一种可控开关的动作控制方法和逆变器的开关电路
US12124510B2 (en) 2022-05-10 2024-10-22 T-Mobile Innovations Llc Methods and systems for efficient data importation for data visualization
US11789986B1 (en) 2022-06-14 2023-10-17 T-Mobile Innovations Llc Methods and systems for querying data within a geographical boundary using a query tool
US11934430B2 (en) 2022-07-14 2024-03-19 T-Mobile Innovations Llc Visualization of elevation between geographic locations using segmented vectors based on ground and clutter elevation data

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19916778A1 (de) 1999-04-14 2000-11-02 Esa Elektroschaltanlagen Grimm Verfahren zur Steuerung der Schaltvorgänge von Lastschaltern
US6768615B2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2004-07-27 Daniel Liu Spark elimination circuit for controlling relay contacts
US6903554B2 (en) 2003-07-15 2005-06-07 Carrier Corporation Control of relay opening events
DE102004005272A1 (de) 2004-01-28 2005-08-18 E.G.O. Elektro-Gerätebau GmbH Verfahren zum Schalten von Heizeinrichtungen in einem Elektro-Kochgerät und Vorrichtung dafür
DE102005051762A1 (de) 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Steinel Gmbh Vorrichtung zum steuerbaren Herstellen einer Schaltverbindung
US20130286528A1 (en) * 2012-04-27 2013-10-31 Hendon Semiconductors Pty Ltd Electrical relay control arrangement for switching an electrical relay at zero crossing of an ac mains supply
US9991075B2 (en) * 2013-10-04 2018-06-05 Lutron Electronics Co., Inc. Controlling a controllably conductive device based on zero-crossing detection
US10121622B2 (en) 2016-02-08 2018-11-06 Control4 Corporation Systems and methods for controlling relay activation timing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3855467A1 (de) 2021-07-28
DE102020200944A1 (de) 2021-07-29
PL3855467T3 (pl) 2024-03-25
US20210233722A1 (en) 2021-07-29
US11367579B2 (en) 2022-06-21

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