EP3853533A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour obtenir de l'énergie utile a partir de l'énergie géothermique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour obtenir de l'énergie utile a partir de l'énergie géothermique

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Publication number
EP3853533A1
EP3853533A1 EP19755388.6A EP19755388A EP3853533A1 EP 3853533 A1 EP3853533 A1 EP 3853533A1 EP 19755388 A EP19755388 A EP 19755388A EP 3853533 A1 EP3853533 A1 EP 3853533A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat medium
tube
outer tube
coaxial
inner tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP19755388.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Uwe PFÜTZE-RÄMSCH
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Climasolutions GmbH
Original Assignee
Climasolutions GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Climasolutions GmbH filed Critical Climasolutions GmbH
Publication of EP3853533A1 publication Critical patent/EP3853533A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24T—GEOTHERMAL COLLECTORS; GEOTHERMAL SYSTEMS
    • F24T10/00—Geothermal collectors
    • F24T10/10—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground
    • F24T10/13—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes
    • F24T10/17—Geothermal collectors with circulation of working fluids through underground channels, the working fluids not coming into direct contact with the ground using tube assemblies suitable for insertion into boreholes in the ground, e.g. geothermal probes using tubes closed at one end, i.e. return-type tubes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/10—Geothermal energy

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a device for gaining useful energy from geothermal energy.
  • geothermal energy to generate energy has been known for a long time.
  • surface geothermal energy at depths of up to 400m
  • deep geothermal energy at depths of more than 400m
  • water is geothermally heated to great depths.
  • the heated water also called thermal water, is transported to the surface of the earth the geothermal energy absorbed by the water is then used for the production of useful energy.
  • hydrothermal In deep geothermal energy, a distinction is made between hydrothermal and petrothermal systems.
  • hydrothermal systems water stored in deep layers is tapped and pumped to the surface and its stored heat is used to generate energy.
  • geothermal energy stored in deep rock is taken up with water that is pumped there and brought into heat exchange with the deep rock, and the water that is heated in this way is pumped to the surface for energy generation there.
  • hydrothermal systems open systems are formed in which matter (water) located in the depths is removed and, in exchange, a substitute is usually conducted and deposited there from the earth's surface. The water taken from the depth can also be returned. There is therefore a particular risk of contamination entering the deep water.
  • Petrothermal systems can also be implemented with geothermal probes, in which the water is conducted in a closed circuit, which absorb the geothermal heat stored in the deep rock through a wall of the geothermal probe.
  • the known systems In addition to the problem that there is a problem with hydrothermal systems, namely the possible entry of impurities and contaminants into the deep-lying reservoir of the thermal water, the known systems also have the disadvantage that, in particular for the generation of electrical energy, the efficiency is generally low can be achieved.
  • the water used in the known systems as a heat medium to drive an electric generator machine, the water must reach the surface at a temperature of at least 80 ° C. The water can only be used directly to drive a steam turbine, for example, if it emerges in vapor form on the surface.
  • Drilled holes can be reached (on average the temperature rises by 3 ° C at a depth of 100 m, so that temperatures of 100 ° C in normal locations can only be found at very great depths) or with holes in the area of special locations, in which even in Shallow depths are particularly high temperatures, for example due to volcanic activity or special anomalies of the earth's magnetism.
  • the invention is intended to remedy the problem and to specify a method and a device with which geothermal electrical energy can also be generated with or with which even in normal locations and a lower drilling depth.
  • a coaxial tube is introduced into the earth and inserted into a deep bore.
  • the introduction of the deep hole and the insertion of the coaxial tube into the deep hole can be steps attributed to the method. However, the method can also be carried out without these steps, that is to say in the aftermath and detached from a separately made introduction of the bore and insertion of the coaxial tube.
  • the coaxial tube has an outer tube and an inner tube and is sunk with an end portion in the deep hole, typically extends with this end portion to the bottom of the deep hole. In the area of this end section, the outer tube and the inner tube of the coaxial tube are connected to one another in terms of flow technology, ie a medium guided in the outer tube can be transferred into the inner tube there. to step.
  • a liquid medium which is liquid under standard conditions (SATP conditions) is introduced into the outer tube and flows in the direction of the end section of the coaxial tube sunk into the deep bore.
  • SATP conditions standard conditions
  • the standard conditions are determined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as a temperature of 25 ° C and at the same time a pressure of 1000 mbar. This pressure of 1000 mbar is also referred to in this application as normal pressure.
  • the heat medium then flows in the direction of the end section of the coaxial tube, which in particular can be done exclusively by gravity.
  • the heat medium absorbs geothermal energy and is thereby heated.
  • An additional Liche heating can also be done by rubbing the heat medium flowing along a wall of the outer tube.
  • the main heat absorption is accomplished by geothermal energy.
  • a phase transition of the heat medium then takes place, which passes into the gas phase in this area and enters the inner pipe in gaseous form in the area of the end section.
  • the now gaseous heat medium rises in the inner tube and flows upwards.
  • the flowing, gaseous heat medium is then passed to a flow generator which is driven by this gas flow to generate electrical energy.
  • the heating medium can e.g. Be water.
  • it can also be a different heating medium from water, for example one that has a boiling point that is significantly lower than water at normal pressure.
  • the boiling point of such an alternative heat medium at normal pressure can be in a range between 30 ° C and 60 ° C.
  • a chimney effect can be used to raise the heat medium in the inner tube. This can be done in particular in that the inner tube has a diameter in the area of an outlet at or in the area of the earth's surface. sererexpansion, by means of which a relaxation and reduction of the temperature of the outflowing gas compared to a temperature of the gaseous heating medium located in the region of the end section, in particular at a lower end of the inner tube, is achieved.
  • a thermal energy absorbed and stored in the heat medium is not primarily used, but a kinetic energy of the gas stream used to drive the flow generator when the gaseous heat medium rises in the inner tube is used.
  • the inner tube can have an adhesion-reducing structure on its inner surface, e.g. in the form of a coating, e.g. a structure that shows the so-called lotus effect. In this way, adherence of entrained particles or the like in the gas stream rising in the inner tube is prevented, so that the inner tube remains free in its diameter.
  • This coating can also reduce friction, so that the speed of the gas rising in the inner tube is not reduced.
  • the inner tube can also have another suitable structure, e.g. in the form of a coating on the inside surface.
  • the heat medium is also passed through a heat exchanger after flowing through the flow generator, and so on gain usable thermal energy. Such a combination increases the overall efficiency of the process.
  • the heat medium can advantageously be liquefied after flowing through the flow generator (and after a possible flow through the heat exchanger) and brought back in liquid form into the outer tube of the coaxial tube.
  • the process is operated with a heat medium that is conducted in a closed circuit, so that new heat medium does not have to be constantly added.
  • the heat medium in the outer tube can advantageously be guided on a spiral path in the direction of the end section sunk into the deep bore. This can be done, for example, by providing corresponding guide structures in the outer tube, for example in a spiral shape, for example, welded-on guide plates mounted on an outer wall of the inner tube.
  • the guidance of the heat medium in such a spiral shape has various advantages.
  • the accelerated heat medium in the direction of the end section is pressed outwards by a spiral path in the outer tube, in the direction of the outer wall, so that it is in particularly good contact with the outer wall there and can effectively absorb the geothermal energy entering it.
  • such a guide creates friction between the wall of the outer tube and the heat medium, which can lead to additional heating of the heat medium and thus contribute to heat input.
  • Corresponding guide structures which subdivide the outer tube of the coaxial tube equally into individual height sections, also prevent - at least in the dynamic case in which the heat medium is not in the outer tube, but flows in corresponding compartments or sections without the outer tube being completely filled is - there is a high dynamic pressure in the end section of the coaxial tube, which is also above the boiling point at the temperatures of the heating medium reached by the heat absorbed of the heat medium are at standard conditions, could prevent a phase transition into the gas phase of the heat medium.
  • the heat medium in the outer tube can be accumulated by means of barriers introduced into the outer tube, for example tel-type barriers, and via ver contained in the barriers tically deeper section of the outer tube leading nozzle openings are expanded under expansion in the vertically deeper section.
  • barriers introduced into the outer tube for example tel-type barriers
  • ver contained in the barriers tically deeper section of the outer tube leading nozzle openings are expanded under expansion in the vertically deeper section.
  • This static pressure prevents a phase transition of the heat medium in this section which is premature for the operation of the method.
  • the heat medium flowing through the nozzle openings with pressure causes expansion (relaxation), which leads to a cooling of the heat medium and thus to an increase in the temperature difference between the heat medium and the pipe wall.
  • This also cools down the pipe wall, which in turn increases the thermal conductivity of the rock.
  • the increase in the thermal conductivity of the rock also results in an increase in the thermal conductivity, which means that thermal energy flows more quickly from a greater distance to the outer tube of the coaxial tube.
  • the cooled heat medium then falls in the section vertically below the nozzle openings at a high speed, which can be, for example, at least 70 m / s, except for a further column of heat medium which is stowed and which is located on the possible additional barrier.
  • the heat medium can thus, despite a temperature of the rock, which is above the phase change point at normal pressure, not evaporate, because the static pressure of the load-bearing column of the heat medium prevents this. It can be at least 5 bar, for example.
  • the nozzle openings are then dimensioned and arranged such that the temperature of the heat medium no longer reaches below the phase change limit with cooling, but the geothermal expansion effect can still be used.
  • the distance between the barriers and / or the opening cross section of the nozzle openings are determined depending on which geothermal conditions are to be found at the place of use of the coaxial tube. It is particularly desirable to set these values so that the expansion achieved by means of the barriers and nozzle openings results in a temperature difference between the temperature of the surrounding earth layers (of the rock) in the respective depth, and the temperature of the tube wall of the outer tube between 20 K and Is 25 K.
  • This can e.g. by means of remotely adjustable nozzle openings (in the manner of an aperture) or also by inserting inserts which reduce the opening cross sections into the nozzle openings (or removing such inserts from the nozzle openings), which e.g. with the help of small robots arranged in the outer tube and controllable by means of a control.
  • the depth of the deep hole is in particular at least 1000 m, advantageously at least 1300, in particular at least 1500, can furthermore in particular be at a maximum depth of 6000 m, depending on the temperature required for the process, which also depends on the selected heating medium , but also a maximum of 2500 m, in particular a maximum of 2000 m.
  • a depth of around 48 ° C to 78 ° C at depths up to 2500 m) at normal geological locations if the rule of thumb is 3 ° C per 100 m and 6 ° C for the first 100 m ). If depths of up to 6000 m are selected, temperatures of over 130 ° C can be obtained there.
  • temperatures from 48 ° C to 78 ° C are not yet sufficient to operate an electrical generator with the water used in conventional processes.
  • a suitable heat medium that has a boiling temperature in the range between 30 ° C and 60 ° C under standard conditions, the effect described above can be achieved and the method described above can also be operated with less deeply driven holes.
  • dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-1 can be used as a heat medium used as an alternative to water.
  • This is a colorless and odorless liquid under standard conditions, which is offered, for example, by 3M under the trade name Novec ® , for example as Novec ® 649.
  • water can also be used as a heating medium find, where then higher temperatures, thus deeply sunk holes are required.
  • a maximum depth of the deep hole is mentioned above and, for example, is specified as 6000 m, it is easily conceivable to deep hole the deep hole, e.g. to advance up to 10,000 m and to insert a coaxial pipe according to the invention into a correspondingly deep deep hole.
  • the costs of deep drilling with a greater depth increase significantly and in particular also not linearly, shallower depths of the deep drilling are preferred - provided suitable geothermal conditions are found in the drilled layers for the process.
  • a device for extracting energy from geothermal energy has the following elements: • a coaxial tube inserted in a deep bore.
  • This coaxial tube has an outer tube and an inner tube, the outer tube and inner tube having a connection to one another in an end section of the coaxial tube that is countersunk in the deep bore.
  • the coaxial tube is typically guided with the end section to a bottom of the deep bore.
  • a gas flow channel connected to an outlet opening of the inner tube, which is provided at the end of the coaxial tube;
  • a flow generator arranged in the gas flow channel for generating electrical energy.
  • the flow generator is arranged in such a way in the gas flow channel that a rotor of the generator is moved by inflowing gas to drive the generator;
  • a heat medium arranged to flow through the coaxial tube which is liquid under standard conditions and a boiling point at normal pressure (i.e. 1000 mbar) of between 30 ° C and 120 ° C, e.g. of between 30 ° C and 60 ° C.
  • a section of the inner tube arranged at the end of the coaxial tube can have a diameter widening.
  • a diameter of the inner tube is then expanded starting from a first diameter, which the inner tube has along its extent to the end section, to a second diameter, which the outlet opening has.
  • the chimney effect can be influenced, in particular for starting up the system or the device, but also during operation, by setting a temperature difference in order to support the control of the system.
  • a device for controlled heating and / or cooling of the wall of the inner tube can be seen, in particular in the upper end portion of the inner tube.
  • the device according to the invention may also have a flow line with a diameter extension behind the flow generator in the flow direction. This can act as a diffuser and achieve a reduction in the flow rate of the heating medium.
  • the device can also additionally have a heat exchanger which is arranged on the other side of the flow generator, that is to say on the side which is opposite the flow channel connecting the outlet opening to the flow generator. Usable thermal energy can then be obtained with such a heat exchanger. If, as mentioned above, a flow line seen in the flow direction behind the flow generator is provided with a diameter extension, this is advantageously in front of the inflow opening of the heat exchanger, so that the heat medium flows through the heat exchanger at a reduced speed.
  • the outlet opening and the inlet opening are advantageously connected to one another in a closed line system, so that an overall closed circuit is obtained in which the heat medium can circulate.
  • a degassing and storage container can be arranged, into which the heat medium flowing through the flow generator flows after liquefaction, which can take place by expansion and cooling, can degas there and return to the liquefied heat medium Directed to the inlet opening of the outer tube and can be reintroduced into the circuit.
  • one or more valve (s) can also be provided in the device, which can be arranged in particular in the feed line and / or the gas flow channel for the targeted opening and / or closing of the feed line and / or the gas flow channel and which can be controlled are connected to the automatic actuation of the at least one valve.
  • the device Via such valves, which can also be flow control valves for the targeted setting of a flow rate, the device can be controlled before. It is essential for the operation of the device that the heat medium flows through the coaxial tube in a dynamic process. In particular, only as much liquid heat medium has to be added as evaporates in the end section of the coaxial tube and rises through the inner tube.
  • the heating medium used in the device measured in the invention can in particular dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-1, but can also e.g. Be water.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a device according to the invention and illustrates the method according to the invention in a first possible embodiment
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic sketch of a device according to the invention and illustrates the method according to the invention in a second possible embodiment
  • Fig. 3 is an enlarged, schematic sectional view of the coaxial tube of the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 and
  • Fig. 4 schematically shows a top view of a nozzle opening
  • FIG. 1 shows - very schematically - a sketch of a first possible embodiment of the invention, which also schematically explains the method according to the invention in a first embodiment variant.
  • a coaxial tube 1 is introduced into a borehole of a deep bore (not shown in more detail here). This is closed at one end inserted into the borehole and consists of an outer tube 2 and an inner tube 3.
  • the inner tube 3 is shorter than the outer tube 2, so that in an end section 4 the outer tube 2 is connected to the inner tube 3.
  • the depth of the bore into which the coaxial tube 1 is inserted, and thus also the length of the coaxial tube 1, can be in particular between 1000 m and a maximum of 6000 m, for example also a maximum of 2500 m, in the exemplary embodiment shown is approximately 1600 in particular m.
  • the outer tube 2 can be thermally insulated from the inner tube 3 to a depth of approximately 1000 m.
  • baffles 5 (which can be shaped as a continuous baffle) are fixed, which extend into the passage of the outer tube 2 and up to its outer wall and spiral or spiral in the direction of the end portion 4.
  • the inner tube 3 opens out at the end opposite the end of the coaxial tube 1, which is lowered into the borehole, with an expansion 6.
  • a heating medium 8 which is liquid under standard conditions, is stored in a degassing and storage container 7. It is in the degassing and before storage container 7 in the liquid phase.
  • Liquid heat medium 8 is continuously introduced into the outer tube through a line 9 by means of a pump 10 and via an inlet 11.
  • the heat medium can be eg., Be dodecafluoro-2-methyl pentane-3-1, for example, from the 3M Company under the trademark Novec ® 649 displaced fluid.
  • This heating medium has, for example, a boiling point under standard conditions of 49 ° C. But it can also What water or another fluid can be used as a heating medium.
  • a valve 11 is provided, with which the line 9 is closed and with which the flow rate of the heating medium 8 through the line 9 can be controlled.
  • the heat medium 8 flows in a rotating movement in the outer tube 2 down towards the end section 4. Due to the increasing speed at which the heat medium 8 flows downwards and through the acting central force, the heat medium 8, the further it is in the Depth reaches, pressed with greater force to the outer wall of the outer tube 2.
  • the heat medium 8 absorbs geothermal heat energy, this being done particularly effectively by pressing the heat medium 8 against the outer wall of the outer tube 2.
  • further heat is generated by the friction of the heat medium 8 on the inside of the outer wall of the outer tube 2, which causes the temperature of the heat medium 8 to increase additionally.
  • the guide plates 5 guided in spiral turns are provided up to a point at which a phase transition threshold begins. This is a point in the depth of the hole at which the heat medium 8 has warmed up to the boiling point by the absorption of heat described above and is now gaseous.
  • the lowest section of the inner tube 3, e.g. the last 100 m, is not thermally insulated from the outer tube 2, so that the baffles 5 in this area also represent additional heat transfer surfaces. Since the hot gaseous heat medium 8 rises in the inner tube 3, the inner tube 3 and the baffles 5 also heat up, and can thus also emit thermal energy.
  • the heat medium 8 When the heat medium 8 reaches the thermal temperature range or the phase transition threshold, the heat medium 8 begins to evaporate, as mentioned. Due to the constant feeding of heat medium 8 into the outer tube 2 of the coaxial tube 1, more and more heat medium 8 realizes the phase change. Sieren. As a result, the heat medium 8 then present in gaseous form in the end section 4 cannot rise upwards in the outer tube 2. The baffles also do not allow the gaseous heat medium 8 to rise. The gas-shaped heat medium 8 therefore rises in the inner tube 3, driven in particular by a negative pressure which arises as a result of a chimney effect, on upwards in the direction of the upper end of the coaxial tube 1. There it is relaxed and cooled in the area of expansion. For the temperature reduction of the heat medium 8, therefore, no technical aids and no use of energy are required, as a result of which the overall efficiency of the method would otherwise deteriorate.
  • the temperature difference between the sunk in the borehole lower end of the coaxial tube 1 and the highest point of the inner tube 3, in which the gaseous heating medium 8 flows is greater.
  • the gaseous heat medium 8 flowing rapidly upwards receives a high kinetic energy.
  • the relaxation and temperature reduction of the gaseous heat medium 8 in the expansion is - by appropriate design of the geometric conditions - advantageously limited to 5K above the boiling point of the heat medium 8, so that this is still gaseous even after the Ent and no phase change back in the liquid phase takes place until the kinetic energy of the heating medium 8 has been used.
  • the flow rate at which the gaseous heat medium 8 flows upwards, and thus its kinetic energy (mass x speed), of the gaseous heat medium 8, is dependent on the depth of the bore, the temperature of the gaseous heat medium 8, its density and the temperature difference between the lower end of the coaxial tube 1 and the highest point of the inner tube 3, in which the gaseous heating medium 8 flows.
  • the gaseous heat medium 8 is in the area of expansion in an outlet from the inner tube 3 transferred into a line 13 and through this upper table to a flow generator 14, which works similar to a wind turbine.
  • the flow generator 14 is composed of a flow turbine 1 5, which is flown by the gaseous heat medium 8 and is set in rotation, and a generator 16 directly coupled to and driven by the flow turbine 15 for generating electrical energy.
  • a valve 17 in line 13 can be used to block and selectively open line 13 and, if necessary, also to set a flow rate through line 13.
  • the valve 17 is closed, so that by the constantly refilled and evaporating heat medium by 8, which rises in the inner tube 3, the pressure and the temperature within the coaxial tube 1 steadily increase except for the continuous operation of the A direction required value. If the required temperature and the pressure has been reached, a control opens valve 17 automatically.
  • the temperature and the pressure are maintained by the constant tracking of the liquid heat medium 8 by means of the pump 10, since the tracked heat medium 8 constantly pulls the phase change in the area of the phase transition threshold and thus supplies gaseous heat medium 8. This process is comparable to the way a steam boiler works with continuously flowing feed water.
  • the gaseous heat medium 8 After flowing through the flow turbine 15, it is passed further in line 18 to an optionally available heat exchanger 19, where the gaseous heat medium 8 can be extracted from the thermal energy still present. This thermal energy can then be used, for example, for district heating or for production heat supply.
  • the cooled, still gaseous heat medium 8 flows back into the degassing and storage container 7 via a further line 20, where it carries out the phase change from gas mig too fluid.
  • the degassing and storage container 7 can be cooled with outside air, for example. It serves to change the phase of the heat medium 8 and at the same time serves as a storage container for supplying the heat medium 8 into the outer tube 2 of the coaxial tube 1. The cycle is closed.
  • a short-circuit line 22 can be activated by means of valves, not shown, if no thermal energy is desired. Then the heat medium 8 is passed to the heat exchanger 18 directly from the flow turbine 15 in the degassing and reservoir 8.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 show, very schematically, a sketch of a second possible embodiment of the invention, which also explains the method according to the invention in a second embodiment.
  • the basic principle of the device for utilizing geothermal energy in the variant shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 and described above. To this extent, the same reference numerals are used in FIGS. 2 to 4 to denote the same or functionally identical elements.
  • the device shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 also contains, as a core piece, a coaxial tube 1 sunk into a deep bore.
  • the coaxial tube 1 is closed at one end inserted into the borehole and consists of an outer tube 2 and an inner tube 3.
  • the inner tube 3 is also shorter than the outer tube 2 here, so that the outer tube 2 is connected to the inner tube 3 in an end section 4.
  • the depth of the bore is dimensioned in this embodiment as described before using the first embodiment and is in the same dimensions. It also depends on which temperatures are required for a phase transition of the heat medium to be obtained.
  • the outer tube 2 can also in this over a first vertical section, e.g. 2/3 of the total length of the outer tube 2 can be insulated from the inner tube 3.
  • a heating medium 8 is stored in a degassing and storage container 7, which is liquid under standard conditions.
  • This heat medium can in turn be water or, for example, dodecafluoro-2-methylpentane-3-1. It is in the degassing and storage container 7 in the liquid phase.
  • liquid heat medium 8 is continuously introduced into the outer tube 2 by means of a pump 10.
  • line 9 can also be used (not here shown) valve can be provided with which the line 9 is closed and with which the flow rate of the heating medium 8 through the line 9 can be controlled.
  • the heat medium 8 filled into the outer tube 2 now falls free of a section until it hits the first expansion plate 25.
  • the heat medium 8 builds up there, since the flow rate through the passage valves 26 is comparatively low. Due to the accumulation of the inflowing thermal medium around 8, a standing column of the thermal medium 8 forms on the expansion plate 25, in which a static pressure builds up.
  • the heat medium After passing through the passage nozzles 26 of the expansion plate 25 arranged at the bottom in the outer tube 2, the heat medium then reaches a phase transition threshold.
  • heat medium 8 After absorbing heat in the end section as described above, heat medium 8 is finally reached up to the boiling point also given the conditions (pressure, temperature) prevailing there. warms and is now gaseous.
  • the lowermost section of the inner tube 3 for example the last third or even the last 100 m, cannot be thermally insulated from the outer tube 2, so that the expansion plates 25 can additionally represent heat transfer surfaces in this area. Since the hot gaseous heat medium 8 rises in the inner tube 3, the inner tube 3 and the expansion plate 5 also heat up, and can thus also emit thermal energy.
  • the setting of the pressures required for continuous operation of the system of the columns of the heat medium 8 standing on the expansion plates 25 can be achieved by designing the number and opening cross sections of the nozzle openings 26, which can be selected differently for the expansion plates 25 at different levels, and above the feed rate of the heat medium 8 fed into the outer tube 2.
  • the heat medium 8 also begins to evaporate in this design variant. Due to the constant supply of heat medium 8 in the outer tube 2 of the coaxial tube 1 on the one hand and through the barriers in the form of only the passage nozzles as a fluid connection leaving Expansionstel ler, an increase in the gaseous heat medium 8 in the outer tube 2 is prevented ver. Instead, more and more heat medium 8 will also implement the phase change here.
  • the gaseous heating medium 8 in turn rises in the inner tube 3, driven in particular by a negative effect resulting from a chimney effect, upwards in the direction of the upper end of the coaxial tube 1. There it is relaxed and cooled in the area of a diffuser 28, which is formed by an expansion in the pipeline.
  • the relaxation and tempera ture reduction of the gaseous heat medium 8 in the diffuser 28 is - by appropriate design of the geometric conditions - advantageously limited to 5K above the boiling point of the heat medium 8, so that this is still gaseous after the relaxation and no phase change back into the liquid phase until the kinetic energy of the heating medium 8 has been used.
  • the flow rate at which the gaseous heating medium 8 flows upward, and thus its kinetic energy (mass x speed), of the gaseous heating medium 8, is also dependent on the depth of the bore and the temperature of the gaseous heating medium 8 in this variant Density and the temperature difference between the lower end of the coaxial tube 1 and the highest point of the inner tube 3, in which the gaseous heating medium 8 flows.
  • the gaseous heat medium 8 flowing out of the diffuser 28 flows onto a flow turbine 15 which is set in rotation and drives a generator 16 for generating electrical energy.
  • This electrical energy is transformed by means of a transformer 31, which is controlled by a control 30, to a voltage and, with a frequency converter which may be present, is adapted to the network frequency of the power network, so that the electrical energy can then be fed into the power network.
  • the heat medium is passed to an optionally available heat exchanger 19. There the thermal energy still contained can be extracted from the gaseous heat medium 8. This thermal energy can then be used, for example, for district heating or local heating supply 33.
  • the cooled, still gaseous heat medium 8 then flows back here into the degassing and storage container 7.
  • the degassing and storage container 7 can be cooled with outside air, for example. It serves the Pha sen facial of the heat medium 8 and also serves as a reservoir for the supply of the heat medium 8 in the outer tube 2 of the coaxial tube. 1 The cycle is closed.
  • the inventor has calculated that for both embodiments only about 25 m 2 of floor space of the installation building 23 are required to accommodate the technical equipment required for the installation in order to implement a system with a nominal output of about 2.5 MW. Another part lies in the comparatively high density with which the systems according to the invention can be implemented in the area. The inventor calculated here that - again for systems of both design variants - a density of 4 systems per km 2 is possible. This is significantly more than in the case of conventional ge othermie systems, which have a wider catchment area to the sides.
  • a coaxial tube is inserted deep. •
  • a liquid heat medium is introduced (e.g. pumped into it), which heat medium - at normal pressure of 1000 mbar - at a temperature between 40 ° C and 120 ° C (especially at a low temperature, e.g. between 40 ° C and 60 ° C) evaporated.
  • a heat medium that evaporates at low temperature for example between 40 ° C and 60 ° C at normal pressure
  • the phase transition occurs at a comparatively shallow depth, for example from a depth of 1 300 to 1400 m, in the coaxial tube.
  • phase transition threshold e.g. spiral baffles or with nozzle openings through set barriers, e.g. Expansion plate, fixed, in particular be welded on (comparable to a vertical tubular screw).
  • barriers e.g. Expansion plate
  • the steepness of the turns influences the time until the heat medium reaches the phase transition threshold.
  • barriers interspersed with nozzle openings the opening cross sections of the nozzle openings and the distance between adjacent barriers determine this duration, among other things.
  • a central force acts on the liquid heat medium, so that the heat medium is pressed against an inside of the outer tube as it flows downwards, generating frictional heat.
  • the inner tube can be thermally insulated from the outer tube in order to prevent heat transfer from the gaseous heat medium guided in the inner tube to the liquid heat medium flowing in the outer tube, in any case to reduce it.
  • This insulation can be omitted in a lowermost section of the coaxial tube, for example in the lowermost 100 m, so that the thermal energy from the depth to the win- fertilize the baffles is transferred and these turns represent an additional che heat transfer surface.
  • the liquid heat medium reaches the phase transition threshold at the boiling temperature that is available due to the geothermal energy at a certain drilling depth.
  • the heating medium becomes gaseous and, due to the lower density, wants to rise in the outer tube. However, this is prevented due to the constant tracking of the liquid heat medium and the turns of the guide plates.
  • the high kinetic energy of the gaseous heat medium is converted into rotational energy in a flow turbine (which may be similar to a wind turbine, for example) and used to drive an electrical generator. Due to the high kinetic energy of the gaseous heat medium, this turbine can be built smaller and more compact than would be possible with a steam turbine or an updraft turbine and would make economic sense.
  • the thermal energy in the gaseous heat medium can also be used for heat supply or as production heat by means of heat exchangers.
  • geothermal heat energy is only used to trigger a phase change in a heating medium.
  • the new process is preferably carried out in a closed cycle so that no heat medium has to be introduced into the ground and that there is no danger to the environment or groundwater.
  • the locations can be selected very flexibly, since the method according to the invention does not impose any special location requirements, such as the presence of thermal springs, water-carrying or permeable layers / rocks or high temperatures at low depth.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour obtenir de l'énergie utile à partir de l'énergie géothermique, dans lequel, dans un tube coaxial (3), inséré dans un forage profond dans la terre, comprenant un tube extérieur (2) et un tube intérieur (3), dans lequel, dans une section d'extrémité (4) du tube coaxial (1) enfoncé dans le trou profond, le tube extérieur (2) et le tube intérieur (3) sont en liaison l'un avec l'autre, un milieu caloporteur (8) liquide est introduit dans le tube extérieur (2) dans des conditions normales et s'écoule en direction de la section d'extrémité (4) du tube coaxial (1) enfoncé dans le trou profond, le milieu caloporteur (8) étant chauffé en absorbant la chaleur géothermique et subit un changement de phase dans la zone de la section d'extrémité (4) et pénètre sous forme gazeuse dans le tube intérieur (3) et s'écoule vers le haut dans celui-ci jusqu'à une extrémité supérieure du tube coaxial située à la surface de la terre, et un générateur d'écoulement (14) destiné à produire de l'énergie électrique fonctionnant avec le milieu caloporteur (8) gazeux en écoulement. Grâce à ce procédé, l'énergie cinétique générée par la géothermie d'un flux du milieu caloporteur gazeux est convertie très efficacement et avec peu d'efforts pour produire de l'énergie utilisable.
EP19755388.6A 2018-08-24 2019-08-21 Procédé et dispositif pour obtenir de l'énergie utile a partir de l'énergie géothermique Withdrawn EP3853533A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18190739.5A EP3614069A1 (fr) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Procédé et dispositif de récupération de l'énergie utile à partir de la chaleur géothermique
PCT/EP2019/072331 WO2020038978A1 (fr) 2018-08-24 2019-08-21 Procédé et dispositif pour obtenir de l'énergie utile a partir de l'énergie géothermique

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EP3853533A1 true EP3853533A1 (fr) 2021-07-28

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EP19755388.6A Withdrawn EP3853533A1 (fr) 2018-08-24 2019-08-21 Procédé et dispositif pour obtenir de l'énergie utile a partir de l'énergie géothermique

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US (1) US20210325090A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP3614069A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN113039398A (fr)
AU (1) AU2019323662A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3110280A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020038978A1 (fr)

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JP7548125B2 (ja) * 2021-05-26 2024-09-10 トヨタ自動車株式会社 充電システムおよび充電装置
CN113446745A (zh) * 2021-07-20 2021-09-28 江苏盛世节能科技股份有限公司 一种分层填砾抽灌同井系统

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CN113039398A (zh) 2021-06-25
US20210325090A1 (en) 2021-10-21
AU2019323662A1 (en) 2021-04-08
CA3110280A1 (fr) 2020-02-27
EP3614069A1 (fr) 2020-02-26
WO2020038978A1 (fr) 2020-02-27

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