EP3853468A1 - Pelton turbine nozzle and production method - Google Patents

Pelton turbine nozzle and production method

Info

Publication number
EP3853468A1
EP3853468A1 EP19739247.5A EP19739247A EP3853468A1 EP 3853468 A1 EP3853468 A1 EP 3853468A1 EP 19739247 A EP19739247 A EP 19739247A EP 3853468 A1 EP3853468 A1 EP 3853468A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
turbine nozzle
pelton turbine
rib
servo motor
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19739247.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3853468B1 (en
Inventor
Reiner Mack
Markus Gairing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of EP3853468A1 publication Critical patent/EP3853468A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3853468B1 publication Critical patent/EP3853468B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B1/00—Engines of impulse type, i.e. turbines with jets of high-velocity liquid impinging on blades or like rotors, e.g. Pelton wheels; Parts or details peculiar thereto
    • F03B1/04—Nozzles; Nozzle-carrying members
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2230/00—Manufacture
    • F05B2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/40—Transmission of power
    • F05B2260/406—Transmission of power through hydraulic systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a Pelton turbine nozzle and a method for producing such a nozzle.
  • Nozzles of Pelton turbines are known from the prior art. For this purpose, reference is made, for example, to DE 10 2013 202 533 B3. The known nozzle and the known production method for such a nozzle have a number of disadvantages which are discussed in connection with FIG. 1.
  • the inventors have set themselves the task of specifying a Pelton turbine nozzle and a method for producing such a nozzle which avoids these disadvantages.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a nozzle for a Pelton turbine according to the prior art.
  • the nozzle comprises a fluff housing, which is designated by 1, a servo motor housing which is arranged in the interior of the fluff housing 1 and which is designated by 3, and at least one rib, which is the
  • Servomotor housing 3 connects with the main body 1.
  • Figure 1 shows two ribs 2, only one of which is designated 2.
  • the servomotor housing 3 comprises a guide bush which forms the cylinder space of the servomotor and is designated by 4.
  • the feed lines for the hydraulic fluid, which are denoted by 5, open into the cylinder space of the servomotor housing 3.
  • the leads 5 penetrate the main housing 1, at least one rib 2, the servo motor housing 3 and the guide bushing 4.
  • the flaup housing 1, the at least one rib 2 and the servo motor housing 3 are connected to one another by welding.
  • the guide bush 4 can be part of the servo motor housing 3 or embedded in the same.
  • the feed lines 5 are formed by several bores which are carried out in the assembly created by welding the parts mentioned.
  • the welding of the components mentioned and the subsequent drilling of the supply lines 5 is a complex process.
  • the manufacturing method according to the invention in its most general embodiment (see FIG. 2) allows the assembly mentioned to be manufactured much more simply.
  • the mouths of the bores for the supply lines 5 must be connected to pressure-carrying lines up to the distributor block of the hydraulic supply, as is indicated in FIG. 1. These external connecting lines must be protected against the driving water that occurs at this point during operation of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle according to the invention according to FIG. 3 avoids the assembly effort of the connecting lines and the protection thereof against the driving water.
  • Pelton nozzles according to the prior art are not optimal as highly stressed components with regard to the voltage distribution. This applies in particular to the ribs 2, which connect the servomotor housing 3 to the main housing 1.
  • the setting of a specific flexibility of the ribs 2 is only possible by weakening the material e.g. to achieve by relief notches, which contradicts the predetermined hydraulic shape of the ribs 2.
  • the nozzle according to the invention according to FIG. 4 avoids voltage peaks in the area of the ribs 2 without sacrificing hydraulic efficiency.
  • Pelton nozzles Another problem with Pelton nozzles according to the prior art is erosive wear. For example, sand can get into the cylinder space of the servo motor housing 3 and scratch the surface of the guide bushing 4, which leads to leaks and ultimately the failure of the Pelton - nozzle caused. With a Pelton nozzle according to the prior art, this problem can be counteracted by producing the guide bush 4 from wear-resistant materials, which, however, represents a considerable outlay. In contrast, the nozzle according to the invention according to FIG. 5 has inexpensive protection against the erosive wear described.
  • FIG. 2 shows a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a first embodiment.
  • the designations correspond to the designations in FIG. 1.
  • the nozzle according to the invention comprises one piece by means of a additive manufacturing process created assembly, which includes the main housing 1, the at least one rib 2, the servo motor housing 3 and the guide bush 4.
  • the feed lines for the hydraulic fluid 5 within this assembly are not produced by drilling, but instead consist of channels which have already been left out during additive manufacturing of the assembly. Compared to the prior art, the steps of welding the mentioned parts together and drilling the feed lines 5 are thus eliminated, which significantly simplifies the manufacturing process.
  • FIG. 3 shows a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a second embodiment.
  • the designations correspond to the designations in FIG. 1.
  • the supply lines 5 are not created by drilling in the assembly created by means of an additive manufacturing process, they can be routed freely within the assembly.
  • Figure 3 shows a guide of the supply lines 5, in which they run in the area of the main housing 1 within the same and open into the connecting flange of the main housing 1, which faces away from the nozzle tip.
  • the pressure-carrying lines connected to the distributor block of the hydraulic supply can be connected to the supply lines 5 much further away from the nozzle tip. As a result, they are much less exposed to the motive water, which makes appropriate protection unnecessary, so that it can be dispensed with.
  • the supply lines 5 can be routed within the assembly in order to achieve the mentioned advantage.
  • the feed lines 5 can also be guided on the outer wall of the main housing, the feed lines 5 optionally being enclosed by a type of bead.
  • the supply lines 5 do not have to open into the flange surface, but can also open on the outside of the flange.
  • the two supply lines 5 do not have to run parallel to one another.
  • one feed line 5 can penetrate a different rib 2, and the feed lines 5 can also run on different sides of the main housing 1.
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a third embodiment.
  • Figure 4 shows part of a rib, which is designated by 2.
  • a relief element which is designated by 6.
  • the relief element 6 has the shape of a relief notch in FIG. 4, the notch being filled with a different material than the material of the surrounding rib 2. If a material of higher elasticity than the surrounding material of the rib 2 is selected as the filling material, then the relief element 6 can reduce stress peaks in the rib without adversely affecting the hydraulic effectiveness of the rib.
  • the relief element can also have a shape other than that shown in FIG. 4.
  • the relief element 6 is embedded in a rib 2 and that the relief element 6 consists of a material that has a higher elasticity than the material of the rib 2 surrounding the relief element 6.
  • the rib 2 and the embedded relief element 6 are generated in one go.
  • a rib 2 can comprise several relief elements 6.
  • FIG. 5 shows a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment.
  • the designations correspond to the designations in FIG. 1.
  • the guide bush 4 consists of a wear-resistant material.
  • the wear-resistant material is applied by the additive manufacturing process already during the layer-by-layer production of the assembly, and does not have to be applied later, as with a nozzle according to the prior art. This results in cost-effective protection against erosive wear.
  • All known additive manufacturing methods which are able to process at least one metallic material can be used for the embodiments according to the invention according to FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the assembly in question is usually made of steel.
  • the latter manufacturing processes include, for example, additive manufacturing by means of laser cladding.
  • the relief elements 6 also consist of a non-metallic material, e.g. made of plastic, and that the wear-resistant material for the guide bush 4 is, for example, a ceramic material.
  • the additive manufacturing process must enable a combination of metal with the materials mentioned.

Abstract

Pelton turbine nozzle having a nozzle tip and a subassembly that comprises a main housing (1), a servomotor housing (3) with a cylinder chamber, and a fin (2) that connects the servomotor housing (3) to the main housing (1), wherein the servomotor housing (3) comprises a guide bushing (4) that forms the cylinder chamber of the servomotor, and wherein the subassembly comprises feed lines (5) for hydraulic fluid which open into the cylinder chamber of the servomotor and which pass through the main housing (1), at least one fin (2), the servomotor housing (3) and the guide bushing (4), wherein the subassembly is produced in one piece by means of an additive manufacturing method.

Description

Pelton-Turbinen-Düse und Herstellungsverfahren  Pelton turbine nozzle and manufacturing process
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Pelton-Turbinen-Düse und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Düse. The present invention relates to a Pelton turbine nozzle and a method for producing such a nozzle.
Aus dem Stand der Technik sind Düsen von Pelton-Turbinen bekannt. Hierzu sei beispielhaft auf die DE 10 2013 202 533 B3 verwiesen. Die bekannte Düse und das bekannte Herstellungsverfahren für eine solche Düse weisen eine Reihe von Nachteilen auf, die im Zusammenhang mit Figur 1 diskutiert werden. Nozzles of Pelton turbines are known from the prior art. For this purpose, reference is made, for example, to DE 10 2013 202 533 B3. The known nozzle and the known production method for such a nozzle have a number of disadvantages which are discussed in connection with FIG. 1.
Die Erfinder haben sich die Aufgabe gestellt, eine Pelton-Turbinen-Düse und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Düse anzugeben, das diese Nachteile vermeidet. The inventors have set themselves the task of specifying a Pelton turbine nozzle and a method for producing such a nozzle which avoids these disadvantages.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch eine Pelton-Turbinen Düse mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer solchen Düse mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 5 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen ergeben sich aus den von diesen Ansprüchen abhängigen Unteransprüchen. The object is achieved by a Pelton turbine nozzle with the features of claim 1 and a method for producing such a nozzle with the features of claim 5. Advantageous embodiments result from the dependent claims dependent on these claims.
Die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird nachfolgend anhand von Figuren erläutert. Darin ist im Einzelnen folgendes dargestellt: The solution according to the invention is explained below with reference to figures. The following is shown in detail:
Figur 1 Pelton-Turbinen-Düse gemäß dem Stand der Technik; Figure 1 Pelton turbine nozzle according to the prior art;
Figur 2 Erfindungsgemäße Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer ersten Figure 2 Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a first
Ausführungsform;  Embodiment;
Figur 3 Erfindungsgemäße Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer zweiten Figure 3 Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a second
Ausführungsform; Figur 4 Ausschnitt einer erfindungsgemäßen Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer dritten Ausführungsform; Embodiment; Figure 4 section of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a third embodiment;
Figur 5 Erfindungsgemäße Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer vierten Figure 5 Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a fourth
Ausführungsform;  Embodiment;
Figur 1 zeigt in schematischer Darstellung eine Düse für eine Pelton-Turbine gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Die Düse umfasst ein Flauptgehäuse, welches mit 1 bezeichnet ist, ein Servomotor-Gehäuse, welches im Inneren des Flauptgehäuses 1 angeordnet und mit 3 bezeichnet ist, und wenigstens eine Rippe, welche dasFigure 1 shows a schematic representation of a nozzle for a Pelton turbine according to the prior art. The nozzle comprises a fluff housing, which is designated by 1, a servo motor housing which is arranged in the interior of the fluff housing 1 and which is designated by 3, and at least one rib, which is the
Servomotor-Gehäuse 3 mit dem Flauptgehäuse 1 verbindet. Figur 1 zeigt zwei Rippen 2, von denen nur eine mit 2 bezeichnet ist. Das Servomotor-Gehäuse 3 umfasst eine Führungsbuchse, welche den Zylinderraum des Servomotors bildet und mit 4 bezeichnet ist. Im Zylinderraum des Servomotor-Gehäuses 3 münden die Zuleitungen für die Hydraulik-Flüssigkeit, welche mit 5 bezeichnet sind. Dabei durchdringen die Zuleitungen 5 das Flauptgehäuse 1, wenigstens eine Rippe 2, das Servomotor-Gehäuse 3 und die Führungsbuchse 4. Servomotor housing 3 connects with the main body 1. Figure 1 shows two ribs 2, only one of which is designated 2. The servomotor housing 3 comprises a guide bush which forms the cylinder space of the servomotor and is designated by 4. The feed lines for the hydraulic fluid, which are denoted by 5, open into the cylinder space of the servomotor housing 3. The leads 5 penetrate the main housing 1, at least one rib 2, the servo motor housing 3 and the guide bushing 4.
Bei der Fierstellung einer Pelton-Düse gemäß dem Stand der Technik, werden das Flauptgehäuse 1, die wenigstens eine Rippe 2 und das Servomotor-Gehäuse 3 miteinander durch Schweißen verbunden. Die Führungsbuchse 4 kann dabei Teil des Servomotor-Gehäuses 3 oder in dasselbe eingelassen sein. Die Zuleitungen 5 entstehen durch mehrere Bohrungen, welche in die durch das Schweißen der genannten Teile entstandene Baugruppe ausgeführt werden. Das Verschweißen der genannten Bauteile und die anschließende Bohrung der Zuleitungen 5 ist ein aufwändiges Verfahren. Das erfindungsgemäße Fertigungsverfahren in seiner allgemeinsten Ausführungsform (siehe Figur 2) erlaubt es, die genannte Baugruppe viel einfacher herzustellen. Die Mündungen der Bohrungen für die Zuleitungen 5 müssen gemäß dem Stand der Technik mit druckführenden Leitungen bis zum Verteilerblock der Hydraulikversorgung verbunden werden, wie dies in Figur 1 angedeutet ist. Diese außenliegenden Verbindungsleitungen müssen gegen das Triebwasser, das beim Betrieb der Düse an dieser Stelle auftritt, geschützt werden. Die erfindungsgemäße Düse nach Figur 3 vermeidet den Montageaufwand der Verbindungsleitungen und des Schutzes derselben gegen das Triebwasser. When a Pelton nozzle is set to the prior art, the flaup housing 1, the at least one rib 2 and the servo motor housing 3 are connected to one another by welding. The guide bush 4 can be part of the servo motor housing 3 or embedded in the same. The feed lines 5 are formed by several bores which are carried out in the assembly created by welding the parts mentioned. The welding of the components mentioned and the subsequent drilling of the supply lines 5 is a complex process. The manufacturing method according to the invention in its most general embodiment (see FIG. 2) allows the assembly mentioned to be manufactured much more simply. According to the prior art, the mouths of the bores for the supply lines 5 must be connected to pressure-carrying lines up to the distributor block of the hydraulic supply, as is indicated in FIG. 1. These external connecting lines must be protected against the driving water that occurs at this point during operation of the nozzle. The nozzle according to the invention according to FIG. 3 avoids the assembly effort of the connecting lines and the protection thereof against the driving water.
Pelton-Düsen gemäß dem Stand der Technik sind als hochbelastete Bauteile hinsichtlich der Spannungsverteilung nicht optimal. Das betrifft insbesondere die Rippen 2, die das Servomotor-Gehäuse 3 mit dem Hauptgehäuse 1 verbinden. Die Einstellung einer gezielten Nachgiebigkeit der Rippen 2 ist nur über eine Schwächung des Materials z.B. durch Entlastungskerben zu erreichen, was allerdings der vorgegebenen hydraulischen Formgebung der Rippen 2 widerspricht. Die erfindungsgemäße Düse nach Figur 4 vermeidet Spannungsspitzen im Bereich der Rippen 2 ohne Abstriche bei der hydraulischen Effizienz. Pelton nozzles according to the prior art are not optimal as highly stressed components with regard to the voltage distribution. This applies in particular to the ribs 2, which connect the servomotor housing 3 to the main housing 1. The setting of a specific flexibility of the ribs 2 is only possible by weakening the material e.g. to achieve by relief notches, which contradicts the predetermined hydraulic shape of the ribs 2. The nozzle according to the invention according to FIG. 4 avoids voltage peaks in the area of the ribs 2 without sacrificing hydraulic efficiency.
Ein weiteres Problem bei Pelton-Düsen gemäß dem Stand der Technik stellt der erosive Verschleiß dar. So kann beispielsweise Sand in den Zylinderraum des Servomotor-Gehäuses 3 geraten und die Oberfläche der Führungsbuchse 4 zerkratzen, was zu Undichtigkeiten führt und so schließlich den Ausfall der Pelton- Düse verursacht. Diesem Problem kann bei einer Pelton-Düse gemäß dem Stand der Technik dadurch entgegengewirkt werden, dass die Führungsbuchse 4 aus verschleißfesten Materialien gefertigt wird, was jedoch einen erheblichen Aufwand darstellt. Die erfindungsgemäße Düse nach Figur 5 weist demgegenüber einen kostengünstigen Schutz gegenüber dem beschriebenen erosiven Verschleiß auf. Another problem with Pelton nozzles according to the prior art is erosive wear. For example, sand can get into the cylinder space of the servo motor housing 3 and scratch the surface of the guide bushing 4, which leads to leaks and ultimately the failure of the Pelton - nozzle caused. With a Pelton nozzle according to the prior art, this problem can be counteracted by producing the guide bush 4 from wear-resistant materials, which, however, represents a considerable outlay. In contrast, the nozzle according to the invention according to FIG. 5 has inexpensive protection against the erosive wear described.
Figur 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer ersten Ausführungsform. Die Bezeichnungen entsprechen den Bezeichnungen in Figur 1 . Die erfindungsgemäße Düse umfasst eine aus einem Stück mittels einem additiven Fertigungsverfahren erstellte Baugruppe, welche das Hauptgehäuse 1 , die wenigstens eine Rippe 2, das Servomotor-Gehäuse 3 und die Führungsbuchse 4 umfasst. Dabei werden die Zuleitungen für die Hydraulik-Flüssigkeit 5 innerhalb dieser Baugruppe nicht durch Bohren erzeugt, sondern dieselben bestehen aus Kanälen, welche beim additiven Fertigen der Baugruppe bereits ausgespart wurden. Somit entfallen gegenüber dem Stand der Technik die Schritte des Zusammenschweißens der genannten Teile und das Bohren der Zuleitungen 5, was den Fertigungsprozess deutlich vereinfacht. Figure 2 shows a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a first embodiment. The designations correspond to the designations in FIG. 1. The nozzle according to the invention comprises one piece by means of a additive manufacturing process created assembly, which includes the main housing 1, the at least one rib 2, the servo motor housing 3 and the guide bush 4. The feed lines for the hydraulic fluid 5 within this assembly are not produced by drilling, but instead consist of channels which have already been left out during additive manufacturing of the assembly. Compared to the prior art, the steps of welding the mentioned parts together and drilling the feed lines 5 are thus eliminated, which significantly simplifies the manufacturing process.
Figur 3 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer zweiten Ausführungsform. Die Bezeichnungen entsprechen den Bezeichnungen in Figur 1 . Da die Zuleitungen 5 in der mittels eines additiven Fertigungsverfahrens erstellten Baugruppe nicht durch Bohren erstellt werden, können dieselben frei innerhalb der Baugruppe geführt werden. Figur 3 zeigt eine Führung der Zuleitungen 5, bei welcher dieselben im Bereich des Hauptgehäuses 1 innerhalb desselben verlaufen und in dem Anschlussflansch des Hauptgehäuses 1 münden, welcher von der Düsenspitze abgewandt ist. Die druckführenden mit dem Verteilerblock der Hydraulikversorgung verbundenen Leitungen können so viel weiter von der Düsenspitze entfernt an die Zuleitungen 5 angeschlossen werden. Dadurch sind dieselben viel weniger dem Triebwasser ausgesetzt, was einen entsprechenden Schutz unnötig macht, sodass derselbe entfallen kann. Es gibt eine Vielzahl von anderen Möglichkeiten, wie die Zuleitungen 5 innerhalb der Baugruppe geführter werden können, um den genannten Vorteil zu erzielen. Z.B. können die Zuleitungen 5 auch an der Außenwand des Hauptgehäuses geführt werden, wobei die Zuleitungen 5 optional von einer Art Wulst umschlossen sein können. Die Zuleitungen 5 müssen dabei nicht in der Flanschfläche münden, sondern können auch an der Flanschaußenseite münden. Außerdem müssen die beiden Zuleitungen 5 auch nicht parallel zueinander verlaufen. Es kann beispielsweise je eine Zuleitung 5 je eine unterschiedliche Rippe 2 durchdringen und die Zuleitungen 5 können auch auf unterschiedlichen Seiten des Hauptgehäuses 1 verlaufen. Zur Erzielung des genannten Vorteils ist es lediglich notwendig, dass die Zuleitungen 5 an dem der Düsenspitze abgewandten Ende des Hauptgehäuses 1 münden. FIG. 3 shows a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a second embodiment. The designations correspond to the designations in FIG. 1. Since the supply lines 5 are not created by drilling in the assembly created by means of an additive manufacturing process, they can be routed freely within the assembly. Figure 3 shows a guide of the supply lines 5, in which they run in the area of the main housing 1 within the same and open into the connecting flange of the main housing 1, which faces away from the nozzle tip. The pressure-carrying lines connected to the distributor block of the hydraulic supply can be connected to the supply lines 5 much further away from the nozzle tip. As a result, they are much less exposed to the motive water, which makes appropriate protection unnecessary, so that it can be dispensed with. There are a multitude of other possibilities of how the supply lines 5 can be routed within the assembly in order to achieve the mentioned advantage. For example, the feed lines 5 can also be guided on the outer wall of the main housing, the feed lines 5 optionally being enclosed by a type of bead. The supply lines 5 do not have to open into the flange surface, but can also open on the outside of the flange. In addition, the two supply lines 5 do not have to run parallel to one another. For example, one feed line 5 can penetrate a different rib 2, and the feed lines 5 can also run on different sides of the main housing 1. To achieve the advantage mentioned, it is only necessary that the Supply lines 5 open at the end of the main housing 1 facing away from the nozzle tip.
Figur 4 zeigt ein Detail einer erfindungsgemäßen Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer dritten Ausführungsform. Figur 4 zeigt einen Teil einer Rippe, welche mit 2 bezeichnet ist. An einer Kante der Rippe 2 befindet sich ein Entlastungselement, welches mit 6 bezeichnet ist. Das Entlastungselement 6 hat in Figur 4 die Form einer Entlastungskerbe, wobei die Kerbe mit einem anderen Material gefüllt ist, als das Material der umgebenden Rippe 2. Wird als Füllmaterial ein Material von höherer Elastizität im Vergleich zu dem umgebenden Material der Rippe 2 gewählt, so kann das Entlastungselement 6 Spannungsspitzen in der Rippe reduzieren, ohne dass dabei die hydraulische Effektivität der Rippe nachteilig beeinflusst wird. Im Prinzip kann das Entlastungselement auch eine andere als in Figur 4 gezeigte Form haben. Zum Erzielen des genannte Vorteils ist es lediglich notwendig, dass das Entlastungselement 6 in eine Rippe 2 eingebettet ist, und das Entlastungselement 6 aus einem Material besteht, das eine höhere Elastizität aufweist als das das Entlastungselement 6 umgebende Material der Rippe 2. Durch das additive Fertigungsverfahren werden die Rippe 2 und das eingebettete Entlastungselement 6 in einem Zug erzeugt. Dabei kann eine Rippe 2 mehrere Entlastungselemente 6 umfassen. Figure 4 shows a detail of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a third embodiment. Figure 4 shows part of a rib, which is designated by 2. At one edge of the rib 2 there is a relief element, which is designated by 6. The relief element 6 has the shape of a relief notch in FIG. 4, the notch being filled with a different material than the material of the surrounding rib 2. If a material of higher elasticity than the surrounding material of the rib 2 is selected as the filling material, then the relief element 6 can reduce stress peaks in the rib without adversely affecting the hydraulic effectiveness of the rib. In principle, the relief element can also have a shape other than that shown in FIG. 4. To achieve the advantage mentioned, it is only necessary that the relief element 6 is embedded in a rib 2 and that the relief element 6 consists of a material that has a higher elasticity than the material of the rib 2 surrounding the relief element 6. By means of the additive manufacturing method the rib 2 and the embedded relief element 6 are generated in one go. A rib 2 can comprise several relief elements 6.
Figur 5 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Pelton-Turbinen-Düse in einer vierten Ausführungsform. Die Bezeichnungen entsprechen den Bezeichnungen in Figur 1 . Die Düse unterscheidet sich von der Düse aus Figur 2 lediglich darin, dass die Führungsbuchse 4 aus einem verschleißfesten Material besteht. Dabei wird das verschleißfeste Material durch das additive Fertigungsverfahren schon während der schichtweisen Herstellung der Baugruppe appliziert, und muss nicht erst später aufgebracht werden, wie bei einer Düse gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Dadurch ergibt sich ein kostengünstiger Schutz gegenüber erosivem Verschleiß. Für die erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen nach Figur 2 und Figur 3 können alle bekannten additiven Fertigungsverfahren eingesetzt werden, die in der Lage sind, wenigstens ein metallisches Material zu verarbeiten. Gewöhnlich besteht die betreffende Baugruppe aus Stahl. Für die additiven Herstellungsverfahren zum Fertigen einer der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen nach Figur 4 oder Figur 5 ergibt sich die zusätzliche Randbedingung, dass mindestens zwei verschiedene metallische Materialien verarbeitet werden können müssen. Zu den letzteren Herstellungsverfahren zählt beispielsweise die additive Herstellung mittels Laserauftragsschweißens. FIG. 5 shows a Pelton turbine nozzle according to the invention in a fourth embodiment. The designations correspond to the designations in FIG. 1. The only difference between the nozzle and the nozzle from FIG. 2 is that the guide bush 4 consists of a wear-resistant material. The wear-resistant material is applied by the additive manufacturing process already during the layer-by-layer production of the assembly, and does not have to be applied later, as with a nozzle according to the prior art. This results in cost-effective protection against erosive wear. All known additive manufacturing methods which are able to process at least one metallic material can be used for the embodiments according to the invention according to FIGS. 2 and 3. The assembly in question is usually made of steel. For the additive manufacturing processes for producing one of the embodiments according to the invention according to FIG. 4 or FIG. 5, there is the additional boundary condition that at least two different metallic materials must be able to be processed. The latter manufacturing processes include, for example, additive manufacturing by means of laser cladding.
Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass die Entlastungselemente 6 auch aus einem nichtmetallischen Werkstoff bestehen, z.B. aus Kunststoff, und dass das verschleißfeste Material für die Führungsbuchse 4 beispielsweise ein keramischer Werkstoff ist. In diesem Fall muss das additive Fertigungsverfahren eine Kombination von Metall mit den genannten Werkstoffen ermöglichen. However, it is also conceivable that the relief elements 6 also consist of a non-metallic material, e.g. made of plastic, and that the wear-resistant material for the guide bush 4 is, for example, a ceramic material. In this case, the additive manufacturing process must enable a combination of metal with the materials mentioned.
Abschließend ist zu erwähnen, dass die erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsformen nach den Figuren 3 bis 5 untereinander beliebig kombinierbar sind. Alle diese Kombinationen beinhalten dabei die Merkmale der erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform nach Figur 2. In conclusion, it should be mentioned that the embodiments according to the invention according to FIGS. 3 to 5 can be combined with one another as desired. All of these combinations include the features of the embodiment according to the invention according to FIG. 2.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Pelton-Turbinen-Düse mit einer Düsenspitze und einer Baugruppe, welche ein Hauptgehäuse (1 ), ein Servomotor-Gehäuse (3) mit einem Zylinderraum und eine Rippe (2) umfasst, welche das Servomotor-Gehäuse (3) mit dem 1. Pelton turbine nozzle with a nozzle tip and an assembly which comprises a main housing (1), a servo motor housing (3) with a cylinder space and a rib (2) which the servo motor housing (3) with the
Hauptgehäuse (1) verbindet, wobei das Servomotor-Gehäuse (3) eine  Main housing (1) connects, the servo motor housing (3) one
Führungsbuchse (4) umfasst, welche den Zylinderraum des Servomotors bildet, und wobei die Baugruppe Zuleitungen (5) für Hydraulik-Flüssigkeit umfasst, welche im Zylinderraum des Servomotors münden und das Hauptgehäuse (1), wenigstens eine Rippe (2), das Servomotor-Gehäuse (3) und die  Guide bushing (4), which forms the cylinder space of the servo motor, and the assembly comprises feed lines (5) for hydraulic fluid, which open into the cylinder space of the servo motor and the main housing (1), at least one rib (2), the servo motor Housing (3) and the
Führungsbuches (4) durchdringen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Baugruppe in einem Stück mittels einem additiven Fertigungsverfahren hergestellt ist.  Penetrate guide book (4), characterized in that the assembly is made in one piece by means of an additive manufacturing process.
2. Pelton-Turbinen-Düse nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Zuleitungen (5) an dem der2. Pelton turbine nozzle according to claim 1, wherein the feed lines (5) on which the
Düsenspitze abgewandten Ende des Hauptgehäuses (1) münden. Open the end of the main housing (1) facing away from the nozzle tip.
3. Pelton-Turbinen-Düse nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei die Rippe (2) ein in die Rippe (2) eingebettetes Entlastungselement (6) zum Abbau von Spannungen umfasst, wobei das Entlastungselement (6) aus einem Material besteht, das eine höhere Elastizität aufweist, als das das Entlastungselement (6) 3. Pelton turbine nozzle according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rib (2) in the rib (2) embedded relief element (6) for relieving stress, wherein the relief element (6) consists of a material which is a has higher elasticity than that of the relief element (6)
umgebende Material der Rippe (2).  surrounding material of the rib (2).
4. Pelton-Turbinen-Düse nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die 4. Pelton turbine nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the
Führungsbuchse (4) aus einem verschleißfesten Material besteht.  Guide bush (4) consists of a wear-resistant material.
5. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Pelton-Turbinen-Düse gemäß einem der 5. A method for producing a Pelton turbine nozzle according to one of the
Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Baugruppe aus Claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the assembly from
Hauptgehäuse (1 ), Rippe (2), Servomotor-Gehäuse (3) und Führungsbuchse (4) in einem Stück mittels einem additiven Fertigungsverfahren hergestellt wird, welches in der Lage ist, wenigstens ein metallisches Material zu verarbeiten. Main housing (1), rib (2), servo motor housing (3) and guide bushing (4) are produced in one piece by means of an additive manufacturing process, which is able to process at least one metallic material.
6. Verfahren zur Herstellung nach Anspruch 5 einer Pelton-Turbinen-Düse gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das additiven Fertigungsverfahren in der Lage ist, mindestens zwei verschiedene metallische Materialien zu verarbeiten. 6. A method of manufacturing according to claim 5 of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additive manufacturing method is capable of processing at least two different metallic materials.
7. Verfahren zur Herstellung nach Anspruch 6 einer Pelton-Turbinen-Düse gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei die Baugruppe aus Hauptgehäuse (1 ),7. The method for producing according to claim 6 of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the assembly of the main housing (1),
Rippe (2), Servomotor-Gehäuse (3) und Führungsbuchse (4) in einem Stück mittels additivem Laserauftragsschweißen hergestellt wird. Rib (2), servo motor housing (3) and guide bush (4) is produced in one piece by means of additive laser deposition welding.
8. Verfahren zur Herstellung nach Anspruch 5 einer Pelton-Turbinen-Düse gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das additiven Fertigungsverfahren in der Lage ist, einen Kunststoff zu verarbeiten. 8. A method of manufacturing according to claim 5 of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additive manufacturing method is able to process a plastic.
9. Verfahren zur Herstellung nach Anspruch 5 einer Pelton-Turbinen-Düse gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das additiven Fertigungsverfahren in der Lage ist, einen keramischen Werkstoff zu verarbeiten. 9. A method of manufacturing according to claim 5 of a Pelton turbine nozzle according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the additive manufacturing method is able to process a ceramic material.
EP19739247.5A 2018-09-18 2019-07-09 Pelton turbine nozzle and production method Active EP3853468B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102018122801 2018-09-18
PCT/EP2019/068313 WO2020057792A1 (en) 2018-09-18 2019-07-09 Pelton turbine nozzle and production method

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EP3853468B1 EP3853468B1 (en) 2022-04-20

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111425327B (en) * 2020-04-20 2022-02-08 东方电气集团东方电机有限公司 Built-in coaxial nozzle of motor of impulse type model water turbine
DE102022107939B3 (en) * 2022-04-04 2023-05-04 Voith Patent Gmbh Pelton Turbine and Operating Procedures

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SU450900A1 (en) * 1972-12-19 1974-11-25 Предприятие П/Я А-3513 Bucket hydroturbine nozzle
CH601663A5 (en) * 1977-05-12 1978-07-14 Charmilles Sa Ateliers
ATE169850T1 (en) * 1991-01-21 1998-09-15 Sulzer Hydro Ag METHOD FOR PRODUCING METAL WORKPIECES USING A WELDING DEVICE AND DEVICE FOR EXECUTING THE SAME
DE102013202533B3 (en) * 2013-02-18 2014-04-03 Voith Patent Gmbh Nozzle for a free-jet turbine
DE102014205062A1 (en) * 2014-03-19 2015-03-12 Voith Patent Gmbh Apparatus and method for making a Pelton impeller
EP3002451B1 (en) * 2014-10-01 2019-03-20 GE Renewable Technologies Pelton turbine wheel, pelton turbine comprising such a wheel and installation for converting hydraulic energy into mechanical or electrical energy

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WO2020057792A1 (en) 2020-03-26
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